Ophthalmology Mnemonics

•

• Mnemonics of Ophthalmology In this section we tried to gather all the mnemonics of ophthalmology,which we think will be of great benefit for our readers specially the students of Ophthalmology.However the database is now at its infancy.So,if you have any mnemonics on ophthalmology,told by your teacher,friends ,please send it to us'

• •

Remember Keratoconus with the help of CONES: Central scarring & Fleischer ring Oil drop reflex / Oedema (hydrops) Nerves prominent Excessive bulging of lower lid on downgaze (Munson’s sign) Striae (Vogt’s)

• •

Remember Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome with ICE Iris Naevus Chandler Syndrome Essential Iris Atrophy

• •

Remember Behcet's Disease with the help of ORAL UPSET Occlusive periphlebitis Retinitis Anterior uveitis Leakage from retinal vessels Ulceration (aphthous/genital) Pustules after skin trauma (Pathergy test) Scratching leaves lines (dermatographism) Erythema nodosum Thrombophlebitis

•

Remember posterior scleritis with POST SCLER Proptosis Ophthalmoplegia Swelling of disc Thickening of sclera (US/CT) & T sign (fluid in sub-Tenon’s space) Subretinal exudates Choroidal foLds Exudative RD Ring choroidal detachment

• • •

• •

Remember causes of Choroidal neovascular membrane with HAMMAR Histoplasmosis ARMD Multifocal Choroiditis Myopia Angiod Rupture of the choroid Remember the causes of trabecular pigmentation with PIGMENT Pseudoexfoliation & Pigment dispersion syndrome Iritis Glaucoma (Post angle closure Glaucoma)

Melanosis of angle (oculodermal melanosis) Endocrine (Diabetes & Addison’s Syndrome) Naevus (Cogan-reese syndrome) Trauma • •

Remember sterilization in ophthalmology with ABCDEFG AUTOCLAVE BOILING CHEMICALS like Alcohol (Rectified spirit), Isopropyl alcohol/CIDEX: 2% Glutaraldehyde DRY HEAT temperature of 150°C is used for 90 minutes ETHYLENE OXIDE for sterilization of IOL etc. FUMIGATION of operation theatre/ FORMALIN vapour GAMMA-IRRADIATION: Gamma rays from Cobalt-60

•

Remember the ocular structures derived from neuroectoderm with MORE Muscles of pupil Optic Nerve Retina (with RPE) Epithelium of Iris Epithelium of Cilliary Body

•

• •

• •

Remember the structures derived from surface ectoderm with S1L2E3 Skin of Eyelids and its derivatives viz. cilia, tarsal glands, conjunctival gland Lens, Lacrimal Gland, Epithelium of Conjunctiva, Epithelium of Cornea, Epithelium of lacrimal passage Remember Stromal dystrophies with Marilyn Monroe Always Gets Her Man in LA City. Macular dystrophy Mucopolysaccharide Alcian blue Granular Dystrophy Hyaline material Masson's Trichrome Lattice Dystrophy Amyloid Congo Red

• •

•

Remember the drugs causing cataract with ABCD Amiodarone Busulphan Chlorpromazine Dexamethasone Remember the causes of Uniocular diplopia as ABCD

•

Astigmatism Behavioral: psychogenic Cataract Dislocated lens

• • • •

Remember microtropia with 3 A Anisometropia Angle small Absent central field (Central suppression scotoma)

Remember the refractive indices of ocular media with 8303 (from anterior to posterior) cornea 1.38 aq humour 1.33 lens 1.40 vit humour 1.33 Remember the types of colour blindness with TuB PaR DoG TRITOANOPES = BLUE PROTOANOPES = RED DEUTROANOPES= GREEN Remember the causes of lid retraction with 4 MP 4M= Myasthenia Gravis,Marcus Gunn jaw winkling syndrome,Myotonic causes like dystrophica myotonica.Metabolic cuses like uraemia,cirrhosis 4P=Perinauds syndrome,Parkinson's Disease/Progressive supranuclear palsy,Ptosis of other eye,Palsy (aberrant III crnaial nerve regeneration) Remember content & veins draining the Cavernous Sinus with Rule of 3 3 Afferent veins: Sphenoparietal sinus (Vault veins), Supf Middle cerebral Vein (Brain), Ophthalmic vein (Orbit) 3 Efferent Veins: Superior petrosal sinus, Inferior Petrosal Sinus, Communicating vein to pterygoid plexus 3 Contents; Cranial Nerves (III,IV, V1,V2 & VI) 3 Areas Drain into it: Vault Bones, Brain (Cerebral Hemisphere), Orbit 3 Nerves: Motor(III,IV,VI),Sensory (V1,V2), Sympathetic Remember the causes of pseudo tumor cerebri with " Idiopathic IDEA" Idiopathic

Infections-Otitis media,mastoiditis,viral infections etc Drugs-Steroid withdrawl,Vitamin A intoxication,Nalidixic acid,amidarone,cyclosporin,minocycline Endocrine-obese,amennorrheic woman of child bearing age, Hypoparathyroidism Anaemia Remember the causes of downbeat nystagmus with DoWNBEAT Degeneration,Demyelination or Drugs (Lithium) Wernicke's Encephalopathy Neoplasm or paraneoplastic cerebeller degeneration Brainstem disease (Syringomyelia) Encephalitis Arnold-Chiari malformation Trauma or Toxin Remember characteristics of congenital nystagmus with CONGENITAL Convergence & eye closure dampens Oscillopsia absent Null zone that is present,increases foveation time which results in increased acuity Gaze poisition doesnot change the horizontal direction of nystagmus Equal amplitude and frequency in each eye Near acuity is good Inversion of optokinetic response Turning of head to acheive null point Abolishes in sleep Latent (occlusion) nystagmus occurs Remember "DWARF" for decribing Nystagmus

Direction=plane of movement-horizontal,vertical Waveform= Pendular or Jerky Amplitude= fine or coarse Rest=At primary position or gaze evolked Frequency= How often the eye moves Remember the characteristics of Perinaud's Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome with "CLUES" Convergence retraction nystagmus Lightnear Dissociation Upgaze paralysis Eyelid retraction Skew deviation Remember ocular features of acromegaly with ACROM Angiod streaks Chiasmal syndrome Retinopathy Optic atrophy,papilloedema Muscle enlargement Remember the systemic features of Marfan syndrome with MARFANS Mitral prolapse Aortic dissection Regurgitant aortic valve Fingers long (arachnodactyly) Arm span>height Nasal voice (high arched palate)

Sternal excavation

Remember the ocular features of Marfan’s syndrome with CLUMPS Cupping (glaucoma) Lattice Upward lens subluxation Myopia Cornea Plana Sclera blue Remember angle structures with "I Can See Till Schwalbe's Line" Iris root Cilliary Body Scleral spur Trabecular Meshwork Schwalbe's Line