Open Water PADI

 

PADI Open Water Exam Study Guide Study online at quizlet.com/_3k0q1v 1.

1 bar is what depth?

0m/0ft

2.

 2 bar is what depth?

33ft/10m

3.

 2 Types of o f aquatic interactions are

passive, active

4.

3 bar is what depth?

66ft/20m

5.

3 types of valves

K, J, DIN

6.

4 bar is what depth?

99ft/30m

7.

75% heat loss in body occurs in

head

8.

Air is made up of

nitrogen nitroge n and oxygen

9.

Aquatic life injuries are a result of

diver carelessness

10.

As you descend colors go from...

Red -- blue

11.

As you go deeper you use your air ___?

faster

12.

Avoid bottom contact by:

remaini re maining ng neutrally buoyant,

22.

Features of snorkel

large bore not too long smooth round bends

23.

Features you look for in a mask 

low profile nose or finger pockets wide vision field adjustable strap comfortable skirt tempered-glass lens plate

24.

First rule of diving

Always breathe continuously

25.

Fresh water dive considerations include

deep water, water, altitude, thermoclines, ther moclines, limited visibility visibil ity

26.

How does the buoyancy of an object differ in fresh/salt fresh/ salt water? wat er?

More buoyant in salt than fresh

27.. 27

How do you equalise air spaces in ears?

Blow and squeeze nose, wiggle  jaw, swallowing

28.

How do you know a mask fits?

"Sniff" test

How do you maintain air  volume as you descend? desce nd?

Equalize

swimming the bottomwith your feet up off

29.. 29

30.

How do you navigate a straight line with a compass

Point the lubber in your travel direction, put the index marks over the compass needle.

31.

How do you prevent water from entering your scuba tank?

Never completely drain it of air pressure

32.

How do you react to reverse block?

Slow/stop ascent and give air time to work its way out

33.

How do you react to running low on or out of air?

1. Make a normal ascent 2. Ascend with an alternate air source 3. Ascend using a controlled emergency swimming ascent 4. Buoyant emergency ascent

13.

Before diving, don't

drink excessively the night before

14.

Best tidal level for diving is...

high tide

Carry a slate with you in order to communicate, carry info. T/F

True

Collecting bags are useful for

collecting under water garbage carrying several objects are once

17.. 17

Decompression illness implies

both decompression sickness and lung over expansion injuries

18.

Do tides gene ra rate te rip currents?

No

34.

It increases

19.. 19

Do you always feel the pressure in body air spaces?

Only if the pressure is different inside and outside the air spaces.

How is air density affected when depth is increased?

35.

It decr decreases eases

Factors that affe ct visibility are

water movement, weather weather,, suspended particles, bottom composition

How is air volume affected when depth is increased?

36.

How often does regulator be tested?

Annually

Features of BCD

Hold enough air

37.. 37

How often should the

At least once a year

38.

cylinder be inspected How often should you equalise?

Every metre before discomfort

15.

16.

20.

21.

large deflationinflation hose system low pressure relief re lief valve v alve comfortable fit

 

39 39..

How to check your buddy

Begin With Review And Friend

59.. 59

The recommended general depth and time for a safety stop is:

5 metres for 3 minutes

40.

Hypothermia

body cools so much it can't function

60.

A regular redues high pressure cylinder air is ___ steps?

2

41.

If a diver has contaminated air you should

give the diver fresh air, give the diver oxygen, reach medical attention

61.

Restricted visibility can cause"

Buddy separation, disorientation, disorient ation, loss of direction

42.

If caught in a rip, you should

swim parallel to shore

62.

A rip current is recognised by

43.

If nitrogen narcosis occurs

ascend to a shallower depth

foamy water water,, strong flow away from shore, disruption of waves

44.

If you become overexerted

stop all activity and rest

63.

15 metres, 30-60 metres

45.

If you exceed the no decompression limit of your dive computer you should

make an emergency decompression stop

The rule of thumb is that you should shou ld stay within ___ of your y our dive flag, and boaters boate rs should stay ___ away.

64.

Safety stop is required when

46.

If you exceed your no decompression limit by less than 5 minutes you should

ascend to 5 meters, wait 8 minutes, don't dive for 6 hours

47.

If you exceed your no decompression limit by more than five minutes you should

ascend to 5 metres, wait 15 minutes, don't dive for 24 hours

you dive to 30 metres or deeper you reach the limit on your table your dive comes within three pressure groups of an NDL on the RDP

48.

If you y ou have have decompression de compression illness you should

have lie onemergency left side if oxygen unresponsive contact local emer emergency gency medical care contact local diver emergency emer gency service servi ce

65.

Secondary factors that influence nitrogen absorption include

alcohol consumption, dehydration, age, being overweight

66.

Second stage?

Breathing Bre athing source

67.

Six types of bottom compositions

silt, mud, sand, rock, coral, vegetation

68.

Sounds travels __ times faster in water than air

4

69.. 69

Sound travels father in __ than in ___

water, air

70.

SPG shows:

How much air you have during dive

71.

Symptoms of contaminated air include

If you're properly weighed you will

float at eye level with an empty BCD and holding a normal bre breath ath

Important part of weight system is the

right hand release

51.

Longshore currents push you

parallel to shore

52.

Low pressure inflator allows for

inflation/deflation of BCD push off their their masks, spit their regulators, need immediate help

49.. 49

50.

53. Panicked divers typically:

54.

Parts of compass

index marks magnetic north needle bezel lubber line

55.

Parts of regulator

First stage s tage Second stages Dust cover Purge Button

56.

Paul's 4th rule

Have fun

57.. 57

Paul's second rule

Always dive with a buddy

58.

Paul's third rule

Slowly ascent from all dives

headache, cherry red nausea, lips/nail beds

72.

Symptoms of decompression sickness

limb and joint pain mild tingling and fatigue paralysis and unconsciousness uncon sciousness '

73.

Symptoms of nitrogen narcosis include

false sense of security, foolish behavior, anxiety

74.

Symptoms of overexertion include

rapid breathing anxiety a feeling of suffocation

 

To navigate a reciprocal heading, rotate the bezel so the ___ are exactly opposite the initial heading.

index marks

76.

To prevent narcosis

don't go on deep dives

77.. 77

To prevent overexertion:

pace yourself, know your limits, avoid prolonged heavy exertion

75.

93.

What creates surge? How do you avoid it?

Waves, avoid by going deeper

94.

What does buoyancy help with when you are at the surface?

Floatation, conserving energy

95.

What does buoyancy help with when you are underwater?

Controlling where you are

96.

What does your nose need to be in the mask?

To equalize

78.

Two factors influencing how much nitrogen you absorb include

dive time and depth

79.. 79

Two most important selection factors when buying scuba equipment is?

fit and comfort

97.. 97

Fill your BCD, drop your weights, signal for help, rest and wait for boat

80.

Types of BCDs

front mount, back front mount, jacket style

What do you do if you are tired and caught in a current while diving from a boat?

98.

What do you do if you feel discomfort?

Ascend until discomfort eases, equalise, continue descent slowly

99.. 99

What do you do if you get caught in a current and carried downstream past exit point?

Swim across the current

100.

What do you do in a mild current?

Start your dive by slowly swimming Start s wimming into the current, swim underwater not surface

101.

What four primary causes generate surface surfa ce and an d underwater currents?

Winds blowing over surface unequal heating and cooling of water tides waves

102.

What happens if you hold your breath during ascent?

Lung over expansion, forces air into bloodstream and chest cavity, leading to paralysis or death.

103.

What happens if you

As pressure increases the volume

take an air volume underwater with you in a flexible container or inverted jar?

decreases, same air but smaller space.

104.

What is a reverse block?

When air cannot escape from a air space during ascent

105.

What is a "squeeze"?

As volume decreases, pressure pushes body tissues inwards toward air space, causing discomfort. Pressure outside air space is more than pressure inside air space.

106.

What is a

A gradual change to a layer of

107.

thermocline? What is DIN valve

colder water? Screw Scr ew regulator into valve val ve

108.

What is first stage?

Connect

81.

82.

Underwater conditions that affect a diver include"

sunlight temperature water movement bottom composition

Underwater lights are taken down

restore re store lost colors, colors ,

on day dives because they

are used to look in cracks and cre crevices vices

83.

Underwater, sounds seem to come from ...

overhead

84.

Underwater Visibility is:

the approximate distance you can see horizontally

85.

An upwelling tends to cause __ dive conditions

excellent

86.

Uses for a dive float include

Assisting another diver resting supporting a dive flag carrying accessories

87.. 87

Water absorbs light light so...

it gets darker when you go deeper and colors become less vivid

Water conducts heat about __ times faster than air does

20

89.. 89

What are cylinders made of

Aluminum and steel

90.

What are hydrostatic tests?

Tests expansion of Tests cylinder in high pressure environment

91.

What are the most common sizes of

8,10,12,15 litres

92.

cylinder capacity What BCD is most commonly used?

88.

 jacket style style

 

109.

What is K valve

simple on/off valve

110.

What is mask  equalisation?

exhale into mask by nose

111.

What is the J valve

has built in mechan m echanism ism that signals when you are low on air

What is the normal full pressure of a scuba tank?

200 bar

113.

What is the O-ring

Located in valve, when cylinder and regulator connect forms air tight seal (O-ring)

114.

When is an object negatively buoyant?

When it displaces a volume of water weighing less than its own weight.

115.

When is an object neutrally buoyant?

When it displaces a volume of water weighing the same as its own weight.

116.

When is an object positively buoyant?

When it displaces a volume of water weighing more than its own weight.

117.

When you exhale what happens?

Lung volume decreases so you have less buoyancy.

118.

When you inhale what happens?

Lung volume increases so you have more buoyancy.

119.

When you're underwater things appear

larger and closer

120.

When you rinse the regulator don't..

Press purge, no dust cap

121.

When you shiver

Get out of water and dry off and seek warmth

122.

Where are some air spaces located in the

Ears, sinuses, lungs

112.

127.

Why don't you feel air pressure?

Your body is primarily liquid, which is incompr incompressible essible and distribute pressure pre ssure equally thr throughout oughout your whole body.

128.

Why do you take safety stops

To give your body time to eliminate nitrogen, to allow you to stabilise and control your ascent

129.

Why do you wear a mask underwater?

Light behaves differently in water than in air, which affects how your eyes focus. Mask creates air space so your eyes can focus.

130.

Why two pieces of equipment equi pment do y ou use to control your buoyancy?

BCD, Lead weight

131.

Why use snorkels?

Rest or swim with face in water, not wasting cylinder air

132.

You can prevent and control most surface problems by

establish positive buoyancy, dive within your limits, relax when you dive

You should plan your dive __ metres  ___ in cold conditions

4m deeper

You should use a dive flag because be cause

it warns off boaters local law may require it

133.

body? 123.

Where can you get a squeeze?

Ears, sinuses, mask, lungs, teeth teeth

124.

Where do you attach alternate air source?

Within the triangle

125.

Why can't you scuba while sick?

Congestion can plug air passages so you can't equalize

126.

Why do divers need a BCD?

To regulate buoyancy

134.