Ope 2

 

Yne neff A· - 6

 

6.6 6.6..- @ua @uaife ifena natb tbs. s.

Wrbhnsb enijfatn nd hufd sn snpfrf uab b efs hbepbanatns in uaf enzhdf brjmjafd, qun hb hbas asjs jstn tn na hf hfdn dnat atfr fr ua dåqu dåquji jib b cf cfst stff qu qunn su suss hb hbep epba bana nattns eæ eæss vbdæt bdætjd jdns ns pf pfsn sna a f `fsn fsn vf vfpb pbrr y, pbstnrjbrenatn, na`rjfr nd vfpbr cfstf rnhupnrfr nstbs hbepbanatns na `bref dåqujif enijfa eni jfatn tn ua pr prbhn bhnsb sb in hba hbaina inasfh sfhjøa jøa..

6.;.- Nquj Nqujpbs pbs utjdjz utjdjzfibs fibs Xn utjdjzfa dfs hbdueafs in i n `rfhhjbafejnatb

 

YJWBX IN HBD^EAFX

• •

Hbdueafs kfthc Hbdueafs hbatjaufs

Na uaf bpnrfhjøa kfthc, df fdjenatfhjøa f df hbdueaf ns jatrbiuhjif pbr dbtns

^af hbdueaf hbatjauf rnhjkn ua `duob in fdjenatfhjøa hbatjaub. Ab bhurrna jatnrruphjbans jatnrrup hjbans f enabs qun sn prnsnat prnsnatna na prbkdnefs hba df hbdueaf b na dbs fdrninibrns in dfs uajifins in prbhnsb.

 

Yjpbs in Hbdueafs Hbatjaufs Dfs hbdueafs hbatjaufs punina snr hbavnajnat hbavnajnatnenatn nenatn hdfsj`jhfifs in fhunrib f? f) Df afturfdnzf ind `duob in fdjenatfhjøa qun sn nstæ prbhnsfaib? • Hbdueafs kjafrjfs ? nd `duob in fdjenatfhjøa fdjenatfhjøa hbatjnan sbdb ibs hbepbanatns hbepbanatns • Hbdueaf eudtjhbepb eudtjhbepbanatn anatn ? nd `duob in fdjenatfhjøa hbatjnan eæs in ibs hbepbanatns

k) Nd aÿenrb in `duobs in prbiuhtbs qun pbsnf? eudtjprbiuhtb? iuhtb? hbdueaf qun tjnan eæs in ibs `duobs in prbiuhtbs prbiuhtbs.. • Hbdueaf eudtjprb h) Dbs ijspbsjtjvbs jatnrabs? • Hbdueaf in pdftbs ? ibain pdftbs in vfrjbs ijsnöbs sba usfibs pfrf efanofr nd dåqujib, in efanrf qun

sn prbvnn ua enobr hbatfhtb dåqujib-vfpbr, y pbr tfatb uaf enobr snpfrfhjøa • Hbdueaf in rnddnab? ibain na dumfr in pdftbs, sn usfa rnddnabs pfrf fhnatufr nd hbatfhtb dåqujib -vfpbr.

 

Wrjahjpfdns hbepbanatns in uaf hbdueaf in instjdfhjøa. • ^a frefzøa vnrtjhfd ibain tjnan dumfr df snpfrfhjøa in dbs hbepbanatns ind

dåqujib. • Hbepbanatns jatnrabs, pdftbs jatnrabs, pdftbs (trfys) y/b nepfquntfiurfs (pfhljams) qun sn

usfa pfrf prbebvnr df snpfrfhjøa in hbepbanatns. • ^a nkuddjibr (rnkbjdnr) qun prbvnn df vfpbrjzfhjøa pfrf nd prbhnsb in instjdfhjøa. • ^a hbainasfibr  (hbainasnr ) pfrf pfrf hbainasfr nd vvfpbr fpbr sfdjnatn in df hbdueaf. hbdueaf. • ^a tfaqun in rn`duob (rn` (rn`dux dux irue) qun efanof efanof nd vfpb vfpbrr hbaina hbainasfib sfib in df

hbdueaf in efanrf qun nd dåqujib (rn`duob) punif snr sn r rnhjrhudfib f df hbdueaf.

 

YB[[NX IN WDFYBX

 

WF[YN X^WN[JB[ IN DF HBD^EAF

 

WF[YN JA@N[JB[ IN DF HBD^EAF

 

WDFYB WN[@B[FIB

 

WDFYB IN HFEWFAF B PÆDP^DF IN KB[KBYNB

 

JAYN[JB[ IN ^AF HBD^EAF IN WDFYBX

 

IJFM[FEF IN @D^OB IN W[BHNXB

 

KFDFAHN IN EFYN[JF NA DF HBD^EAF IN WDFYBX

 

W^AYBX IN HBAY[BD IN DF HBD^EAF

 

WDFAB IN IJXNÖB IN ^AF HBD^EAF IN WDFYBX

 

IJXNÖB IND WDFYB

 

WDFAB IN IJXNÖB IN ^AF HBD^EAF IN WDFYBX

 

HBD^EAF IN [NDDNAB B NEWFHFIF

 

YJWBX IN [NDDNAB

 

YJWBX IN [NDDNAB

 

@B[EFX IN [NDDNAB FD F_F[

 

KFDFAHN IN EFXF Z NAN[MÅF @ C@ + Vr Vr 5 I CI + ] C] + Vh

 

Kfdfahn snhtbr narjqunhjejnatb

P a6

Ybtfd

 

 Da   I

P a6Z a  6      Da S a

Hbepbanatn vbdætjd

Z 



a6

 Da S a P a6



 IS  I P a6



 Da S a  Da  I





IS  I

 IS  I  Da  I

Dåanf bpnrftjvf snhtbr narjqunhjejnatb D.B.X.N.

 

KFDFAHN XNHYB[ FMBYFEJNAYB

Ybtfd Hbepbanatn vbdætjd

P e6

 

 De  [     D  S  P e6Z e e e  [S  [   6 

Z e 6



 De S e

Dåanf bpnrftjvf snhtbr fmbtfejnatb

P e6



 [S  [ P e6



 De S e  De

  [



 [S  [  De

  [

D.B.X.F.  

D.B.X.N. na `uahjøa in df rfzøa in rn`duob Nd faædjsjs in dfs hbdueafs in `rfhhjbafejnatb sn `fhjdjtf utjdjzfaib nd hbahnptb in rndfhjøa in rn`duob.  [ I

 D 

 I



P    I

 [P  

 I

 D



 D

P   D  I

[fzøa in rn`duob  [ I   

 D Z a

6



 D  I

 IS  I

 D  I  S    D  I

 [ I 

 [ I

6

 S  I  S    [ I

6

 

FDJENAYFHJØA

P  @ 

D

 D



 D    ( 6   `   ) @ 

 ` @  (6-`) @ 

P    P    `@  P 

 D

- Xj `  Xj `  57,  57, nd fdjenatb snræ dåqujib f su tnepnrfturf in nkuddjhjøa - Xj `  Xj `  56,  56, nd fdjenatb snræ vfpbr f su tnepnrfturf in hbainasfhjøa - Xj 74 74 `  ` 46, nd fdjenatb snræ uaf enzhdf dåqujib vfpbr.

 

FDJEN AYFHJØA DÅANF IN FDJENAY FHJØA  @S   @ S  @    vy  dx v, y Instjdfhjøa @,

S@

sÿkjtf d, x

 @   S  @   @ 



 y

d 

v  x     y   @   @ 







( 6   `      )   `  

( 6   `   ) x    `y

 x 

 S @    `  

 

Dåanfs in bpnrfhjøa Na df ijfmbafd Z5S, sn huepdn?

Z a

6

Z e

 y



6



 [ I  [ I



 xa

6

 De S e





 S  I  [ I

6

 [  [S  S  [

 De  [  De  [



( 6   `      )   `  

 x 

 S @    `  

S5SI

S5S[ 

S5S@

 

[n [ndf dfhhjø jøa a in rn rn`d`duo uob b eåa åaje jef. f.-Wfrf ua rn`duob ja`nrjbr fd tbtfd, nd aÿenrb in pdftbs qun sn rnqujnrna pfrf uaf snpfrfhjøa ifif ns efybr qun pfrf rn`duob tbtfd, y fuenatf in `bref hbatjauf f enijif qun ijsejauyn df rndfhjøa in rn`duob. F enijif q ÿe euuny dfmrrfnadfihnjøya, ipjfsre f jauuayvnf, dnbdr ae åanjerbb iinn`pjadfjitbbs, sddfnecffihbn rndf rnd fhj hjøa øa in n`d `duob uob eåaj åaje ef, nd aÿenrb in pdftbs sn cfhn ja`jajtb. Ybifs dfs hbdueafs rnfdns qun prbiuhna uaf hfatjifi `jajtf in dbs prbiuhtbs insnfibs in hfknzf y hbdf cfa in bpnrfr hba uaf rndfhjøa in rn`duob hbeprnaijif natrn nd vfdbr eåajeb, pfrf nd qun nd aÿenrb in pdftbs ns ja`jajtb, n ja`jajtb, pfrf nd qun nd

aÿenrb in pdftbs ns eåajeb.

 

Hfsbs nspnhjfdns

 

[ndf dfhj hjøa øa in rn rn`d `duo uob b øp øptj tjef ef..[n

 

Anhnsjifins in hfdn`fhhjøa y rn`rjmnrfhjøa.-

Hbasjinrfaib uaf hbdueaf fijfkætjhf, Dbs n`nhtbs têrejhbs in tbif df uajifi nstæa rnstrjamjibs fd hbainasfibr y fd hfdinråa. Xj nd hfdbr dftnatn ebdfr ns μ y df vfrjfhjøa tbtfd in hfdbr snasjkdn na dfs hbrrjnatns in dåqujib ns pnqunöf, nd hfdbr hbeuajhfib h beuajhfib na nd hfdi hfdinr nråa åa qr ns Pμ, Hufaib df fdjenatfhjøa ns ua dåqujib f df tnepnrfturf in kurkuof (q 5 6), nd hfdbr hbeuajhfib na nd hfdinråa ns jmufd fd rntjrfib na hfdn`fhhjøa nd hbainasfibr. Xj hbeb enijb in sn utjdjzf vfpbr in fmuf sfturfib, sfturfib, df hfatjifi in êstn qun sn rnqujnrn na nd hfdinråa ns?

Ibain? es 5 hbasueb in vfpbr in fmuf P5 vfpbr mnanrfib na nd hfdinråa μs 5 hfdbr dftnatn ind vfpbr in fmuf μ 5 hfdbr dftnatn ebdfr in df enzhdf

Xj sn utjdjzf fmuf hbeb enijb in rn`rjmnrfhjøa na nd hbainasfibr y nd hbainasfib h bainasfib ab nstæ sukna`rjfib, nd rnqunrjejnatb in fmuf in rn`rjmnrfhjøa ns?

Ibain

eh 5 hb hba asu sue eb in in fm fmuf Y;  ‘ Y6 5 fuenatb in tnepnrfturf ind fmuf in rn`rjmnrfhjøa

 

EÊYBIB 6? Eh. Hfkn-Ycjndn Wrbhnijejnatb in hædhudb (Eêtbib mræ`jhb in Eh Hfkn Ycjndn) f)

Xn ijkuof ijkuof df hurvf in nqujdjkrj nqujdjkrjb b Z-S

 k)

Xn sjtÿfa dbs puatbs puatbs SI, S@ y S[  sbkrn nd ijfmrfef.

h) Xn ijku ijkuof ofa a db dbss pua puatb tbss S5S S5SI, S5S[  y S5S@,, qun hbeb sfknebs pnrtnanhna f dfs dåanfs D.B.X.N., D.B.X.F. y D.F. rnspnhtjvfenatn. rnspnhtjvfenatn. i)

Xn trfzf df D.F. uaf vnz hbabhjib hbabhjib ` 

n)

Xn trfzf D.B.X.N. D.B.X.N. uaf vnz hbabhjib hbabhjib [ I

`) Xn trfzf trfzf D.B.X. D.B.X.F. F. insin insin S5S S5S[  cfstf nd puatb in hbrtn in D.F. y D.B.X.N. (sn punin inebstrfr qun dfs trns dåanfs tjnana ua dumfr mnbeêtrjhb hbeÿa). m) Xn hbastru hbastruyna yna dbs dbs nshfdban nshfdbanss hbeb hbeb sn jaijhf jaijhf na df `jmurf `jmurf sjmujna sjmujnatn. tn. Dbs Dbs nshfdban nshfdbanss sn fpbyfa na df D.B.X.N na nd snhtbr in narjqunhjejnatb y na df D.B.X.F. na nd in fmbtfejnatb fmbtfejnatb.. Xn nepjnzf na SI y sn tnrejaf na S[ . Hfif nshfdøa sn hbrrnspbain hba uaf ntfpf jinfd in nqujdjkrjb. Xj nd ÿdtjeb nshfdøa ab ns hbepdntb sn hfdhudf df pfrtn prbpbrhjbafd in nshfdøa qun dn hbrrnspbain. c) j)

Xn dbhfdjzf nd pdftb pdftb in fdjenatfhjøa fdjenatfhjøa hbeb fqund nshfdøa qun hruzf hba df D.F. Xn hunatfa hunatfa dbs dbs nshfdbans, nshfdbans, jinatj`jhæaib jinatj`jhæaibdbs dbs hba pdftbs jinfdns. ^ab in nddbs nddbs snræ sjneprn

df hfdinrf.  

@uaifena fenatbs tbs ind ind Eêtbib Eêtbib in in EhHfkn EhHfkn - Ycjn Ycjndn dn @uai

 

Xupunstbs ind Eêtbib

 

Hædhudbs enijfatn nstn Eêtbib

 

DJANFX BWN[FYJPFX [NHYJ@JHFHJØA

Z a

6



 [ I  [ I

 xa

6



FDJENAYFHJØA

 S  I  [ I

6

 y





( 6   `      )   `  

FMBYFEJNAYB

 x 

 S @    `  

Z e

6



 De S e



 [S   [S  [

 De  [  De  [

 

Pf5

Nonrhjhjbs ind Eêtbib Mrf`jhb

Df5 I5 xI5 @5;>77 dk-ebd/c xp57,97 W

dk-ebd/c

6 fte

Y5 87·H

h) Enzhdf D +P (q57,=) i) Dåquji qujib b sukna`rjfib (q56.;) n) Pfpbr Xbkrnhfdnatfib (q5-7,;)

Pk5

Dk5

[i5 8 6. 6.-- [i eåa. eåa. 6.- Wdftbs Wdftbs tnørjhbs tnørjhbs f) Då Dåquj qujib ib sf sftur turfi fib. b. k) Pfpbr fpbr sft sftur urfi fib b

K56977 dk-ebd/c xC57,::3

 

Iftbs in nqujdjkrjb pfrf nd sjstnef pnatfab - cnxfab

 

HBAIJHJØA IN FDJENAY FDJENAYFHJØA FHJØA

—q― fdnjifi fdje jena fh vjna nan in pbri—q sDf n hifdji `jfi an in hbdf ebfd dfnat rtnfhjø dfhjøa jøaavj nantrintn n tnre dfreja hfjafi afif tjiffipbr n ―hfqun dbr anhnsfrjb pfrf vfpbrjzfr ua ebd in fdjenatfhjøa f dfs hbai baijhjb jhjba ans in natrfi trfiff y nd hfdb fdbr dft dftnat natn in vfpbr fpbrjz jzfh fhjø jøa a in df fdjenatfhjøa b dbs ebdns in djqujib qun `duyna na df snhhj hjø øa in fmbtfejnatb hbeb n`nhtb in df jatrbiuhhjøa in hfif fif ebd ebd in fd fdje jena nattb.

 

Dbs nxtrnebs qunifa in`jajibs pbr?

Dåqujib sukna`rjfib

Ibain?

Pfpbr sbkrnhfdnatfib

 

Nonepdb? Xjstnef Xjst nef Wnatf Wnatfab ab ‘ Cnxfab. [nfdjzfr nd nasfyb kfob dbs hjahb tjpbs in fdjenatfhjøa pbsjkdns.

 

Instjdfhjøa in eudtjhbepbanatns     a     b     h     f     e      j      t     f     p     a      ø     e     u      d      ø     a     h     b      j     h     f     f     r      i     f     f     p     h     n     a     s     n     n     n     d      i     k     f      j     r     f     f      j     h     v     a     a     n     ø      j     u     s     h

    n     n     r      X    p  

Xjstnef pfrf uaf enzhdf in trns hbep hb epba bana natn tns, s, sn tjnan trns ij`nrnatns sukmrupbs, huftrb sukp su kprb rbkd kdne nefs fs in snpfrfhjøa y ibs snhunahjfs.

 

INXYJDFHJBA E^DYJHBEWBANAYN E^DYJHBEWBANAYN

 

In`jajhjbans jepbrtfatns? Hbepbanat Hbepba natns ns Hdf Hdfvns vns?? Xba fqunddbs na dbs hufdns sn kfsf df snpfrfhjøa •

in dbs prbiuhtbs. • Hdfvn djvjfab b djmnrb (DL)? Ns fqund hbepbanatn inatrb in dbs djvjfabs qun nstæ prnsnatn na dbs prbiuhtbs in tbpn y `baib f hufdqujnr rndfhjøa in rn`duob. Na mnanrfd sn nspnhj`jhf nd `duob b hbepbsjhjøa na nd prbiuhtb in

tbpn.  

Hdfvn Hdfv n pn pnsf sfib ib (C (CL L)? Ns fqund hbepbanatn inatrb in dbs pnsfibs qun sn ijstrjkuyn •

rinn`adutorbb. iNna dbmsnapnrbrfiduhstbns nisnpnthbjp`jnhfy n`bd a`idubobf bhuhfbdqeupjnbrsjrhnjødfahjønaa innd prbi pr biuh uhttb in `bai `baib. b. •

Hbepbanatns ijstrjkujibs?

Ns fqund b fqunddbs hbepbanatns qun pbsnna vbdftjdjifi rndftjvf jatnrenijf natrn dbs hbepbanatns hdfvn djvjfab y pnsfib. Xn dns inabejaf ijstrjkujibs pbrqun ijstrjkuyna natrn nd tbpn y `baib in df hbdueaf fd jmufd qun dbs sn hdfvns. •

Hbepbanatn in rn`nrnahjf?

Nd hbepbanatn hdfvn pnsfib ns nd in rn`nrnahjf, sn inkn hbabhnr nd

`duob na tbpn y `baib.  

HBAIJHJBANX DÅEJYNX IN BWN[FHJØA

•

[F_ØA IN [N@D^OB (D/I) EÅAJEF Aÿenrb in pjsbs Ja`jajtbs.

•

[F_ØA IN [N@D^OB (D/I) JA@JAJYF Aÿenrb in pjsbs eåajeb.

Fekfs hbaijhjbans sn punina nvfdufr kfob ibs eêtbibs?  

Eêtbibs [jmurbsbs

Eêtbibs Fprbxjefibs

 



[F_ØA IN [N@D^OB (D/I) EÅAJEF Aÿenrb in pjsbs Ja`jajtbs.

Kfob df hbaijhjøa pdftbs ja`jajtbs,Wfr sjmaj`jhf qun ab sninbksnrvf hfekjbs in dbs hbepbsjhjøa natrninpjsbs suhnsjvbs. Wfrf f df nvfdufhjøa D/I eåajeb, nxjstna sjmujnatns eêtbibs rjmurbsbs y fprbxjefibs in hædhudb. Eêtbibs rjmurbsbs?  In Dn Dnwj wjss - Ef Eftc tcns nsba ba  In Yc Ycjndn - Mniins

Eêtbibs Fprbxjefibs? • Eêtbib Eêtbi b in Krb Krbwa wa - Efrtja

Eêtbib in ^ainrwbbi Eêtbib in Hbdkura

•  

[F__ØA IN [F

[N@D [N@D^ ^OB (D/I (D/I)) JA@JAJYF Aÿ Aÿe enr nrb b in pjs pjsbs eåaj eåajeb eb..

Kfob fob ns nsttf hba baij ijhj hjøa øa sn bpnr bpnrff hfrm frmfa faib ib df hbdue bdueaf af ja jajh jhjf jfddena enatn, du dunm nmb b sn hjn jnrr rrff df fdjenatfhjøa, df sfdjif ind prbiuhtb in tbpn y `baib. Ns inhjr df hbdueaf nstf bpnrfaib kfob ua rêmjena in rnhjrhudfhjøa jatnraf, pfrf nvfdufr nd D/I ja`jajtb, qun ns aÿenrb eåajeb in ntfpfs tnørjhfs, nxjstna in jmufd `bref dbs eêttbi eê bibs bs rj rjmu murrbsbs bsbs y db dbss fp fprrbxjef xjefib ibs. s. Eêtbibs rjmurbsbs? 

Jepdjhf df sjepdj`jhfhjøa in dfs nhufhjbans mnanrfdns pfrf hufdqujnr eêtbib rjmurbsb. Eêtbibs Fprbxjefibs? • Eêtbib in @nasln

Eêtbib in ^ainrwbbi  

Wbr db tfatb, hba dfs hbaijhjbans dåejtns in `uahjbafejnatb, nxjstna nxjst na ij`nrnatns eêtbibs fprbxjefibs pfrf nd hædhudb ind aÿenrb in pjsbs, natrn dbs hufdns tnanebs?  Eê Eêtb tbib ib in Krbwa Krbwa - Efrt Efrtja ja.. 

Eêtbib in Mjddjdfai.



Eêtbib Eêt bib in Nrkbr Nrkbr y Efiib Efiibxx



Eêtbib in dbs dbs `fhtbrns `fhtbrns in fksbrhjøa fksbrhjøa y insfk insfksbrhjøa sbrhjøa n`nhtjvbs n`nhtjvbs

 

HÆDH^DB IND AßEN[B EÅAJEB IN NYFWFX YNØ[JHFX ([N@D^OB YBYFD) NH. @NAXLN.

Nd aÿenrb eåajeb in ntfpfs —Aeja― sn bktjnan in df nhufhjøa in @nasln. •

Jahdu ahduyn yn nd rncn rncnrv rvji jibr br y hbai hbaina nasf sfib ibrr pfrh pfrhjf jfd.d.

•

Hbrrnspbain f df hbaijhjøa in bpnrfr f [N@D^OB YBYFD, na df

præhtjhf sn hfrmf df hbdueaf hba fdjenatfhjøa y sn bpnrf sj jatrbiuhjr eæs fdjenatfhjøa y sja rntjrfr prbiuhtbs in tbpn y `baib.

 

Nhufhjøa in @nasln    dbm       A   eja 

 x  DL I

 x CLI  x DL K  x CLK

       

  

dbm( Ibain? xDLI- @rfhhj @rfhhjøa øa in DL na nd instjdf instjdfib ib xCLI- @rfhhj @rfhhjøa øa in CL na nd instjdf instjdfib ib xDLK-- jina n xDLK na a nd `baib. `baib.  

 

   DL , CL   DL , CLtbpn

 DL 

*  DL , CL`baib 

 DL