Omicron Sec.injection Kit

World Leader in Innovative Power System Testing Solutions

SECONDARY TESTING C M - L I N E

C A T A L O G

Company Profile About OMICRON electronics OMICRON electronics is an international company providing innovative solutions for primary and secondary testing. Combining innovation, leading edge technology, and creative software solutions, OMICRON continues to assert its position as world leader within its markets. With sales in more than 100 countries, offices in Europe, the United States, and Asia, and a worldwide network of distributors and representatives, OMICRON has truly established its reputation as a supplier of the highest quality. The automated testing and documentation capabilities of OMICRON testing solutions are important benefits in light of the changing market conditions resulting in restructured organizations required to "do more with less". Today, OMICRON's products revolve around a testing concept which provides the solutions to many challenges in the marketplace. This integration of lightweight and reliable hardware with flexible and user-friendly software is referred to as the OMICRON Test Universe. Services in the areas of consulting, commissioning, relay testing and training make OMICRON´s product range complete. Specialization in power system testing along with visionary leadership allows OMICRON to continue with innovative developments for its testing solutions to meet the customer needs of the 21st century.

ISO 9001 certified

Other sales literature PRIMARY TESTING - CP line catalog OMICRON´s product range in the area of primary testing. For a detailed list on literature currently available, please refer to www.omicron.at/support/literature or www.omicronusa.com/support/literature.

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Table of Content Software Software Options ......................................................................4 OMICRON Control Center..........................................................5 Test Object Definition with XRIO ...............................................6 Hardware Configuration............................................................6 Pause Module, Text View, ExeCute.............................................6 Test Wizard...............................................................................7 Automatic Reporting.................................................................7 CM Engine - Programming Interface .........................................7 QuickCMC.................................................................................8 State Sequencer .......................................................................9 Ramping .................................................................................10 Pulse Ramping ........................................................................10 Overcurrent .............................................................................11 Autoreclosure ..........................................................................11 Distance .................................................................................12 Differential ..............................................................................12 Transient Ground Fault ............................................................13 Synchronizer............................................................................13 Advanced Distance ..................................................................14 VI Starting...............................................................................15 Advanced Differential ..............................................................16 TransPlay - Transient Playback Utility ........................................18 Harmonics...............................................................................18 Advanced TransPlay .................................................................19 Annunciation Checker .............................................................20 Binary I/O monitor ..................................................................20 CB Configuration ....................................................................20 NetSim - Network Simulation Software ...................................21 Meter......................................................................................22 Transducer ..............................................................................23 EnerLyzer.................................................................................24 TransView ...............................................................................26 Field Calibration Software cm_FCS...........................................27 Scheme Testing Tools ..............................................................28

Test Sets CMC 256 - 4 Phase Voltage/6 Phase Current Test Set ..............32 CMC 156 - 3 Phase Voltage/3 Phase Current Test Set...............32 CMC 151 - 1 Phase Voltage/1 Phase Current Test Set ...............37

Amplifiers CMA 156 - 6 Phase Current Amplifier .....................................38 CMA 56 - 3 Phase Current Amplifier ......................................38 CMS 156 - 3 Phase V and I Amplifier .....................................38 CMS 251/252 - High Power 1-/2 Phase V or I Amplifier ..........38

Binary Input/Output Unit CMB IO-7 ................................................................................41

Accessories Synchronization Unit CMGPS...................................................42 Polarity Checker - CPOL ...........................................................42 CMLIB B set ............................................................................43 Scanning heads.......................................................................43 CMLIB A - Low level signal connector ......................................43 Automated Switching Box CM ASB2 .......................................44 Current Clamp C-Probe 1 ........................................................44 Parallel port for notebook computers SPP-100.........................44 Recloser Controller Test Cable, 14 Pin Connector .....................45 Generator Combination Cable .................................................45 Transport Cases.......................................................................45 Other Accessories....................................................................46

Contacts

Substation Communication IEC 61850 and UCA 2.0 Testing Solutions ...............................30 IEC 60870-5-103 Testing Solutions ..........................................31

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VI Starting Testing the VI starting function of distance relays. Advanced Differential Comprehensive three-phase testing with up to 9 currents for differential relays. Advanced TransPlay Import/Export, replay, editing, modifying and automatic assessment of transient files using COMTRADE/PL4/CSV formats.













Synchronizer Ground Fault Annunciation Checker Transducer Meter Binary IO Monitor CB Configuration cm_FCS









QuickCMC TransPlay Harmonics State Sequencer Ramping Control Center Package Overcurrent

Quick and easy manual testing, includes results reporting. Play back of COMTRADE files, recording of binary input status. Generation of signals with superimposed harmonics, direct or via COMTRADE export. Determining operating times and logical timing relations by state-based sequences. Determining magnitude, phase, and frequency thresholds by ramping definitions. Automation tool, document-oriented test plan, template and report form. Including OMICRON Control Center (OCC), Test Wizard, CMEngine, Pause Module, ExeCute, TextView

Distance Differential Autoreclosure Pulse Ramping Advanced Distance

Impedance element evaluations using single-shot definitions in the Z-plane. Operating and harmonic element evaluation in single-phase mode. Testing of autoreclosure function with integral fault model. Determining magnitude, phase, and frequency thresholds by pulse ramping definitions. Impedance element evaluations using automatic testing modes and fault modeling.

Manual or automatic testing of positive/negative/zero sequence overcurrent characteristics including directional control with fault modeling.

Automatic testing of synchronizing devices. Simulation of steady state and transient ground-faults using system fault model. Verifying the correct marshalling and wiring of protection devices. Testing of all kinds of measuring transducers (voltage, current, frequency, power). Testing of single and multifunction energy meters (load / no load, creep, dial and register test). Status display of all binary inputs/outputs of the connected test set(s). Module for setting the CB simulation with the CMC 256. For self tests and calibrations of CMC 256/156.

PTS 103

Monitoring, simulating, and analyzing the "protection protocol" IEC 60870-5-103

Ordering Options Packages: see page 33 (CMC ordering options) Individual modules: on request

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Operating systems / User interface languages Win XP

Sets up the NET-1 hardware option for testing with GSSEs according to IEC 61850 ("UCA GOOSE")

 

Win 2000

GSSE configuration module





Win 98

Additional Software TransView Transient signal analysis for COMTRADE files. EnerLyzer Analog measurements and transient recording with the CMC 256. Includes TransView. NetSim Network simulator for relay testing under real life conditions. Scheme testing tools: Testing of various logic schemes found in modern relays, meters and IEDs. CommPro, LogicPro, DLogicPro, PQPro



Universal

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Measurement

Advanced Protection

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Software/Module

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Basic

Protection

OMICRON users benefit from a wide range of powerful software options. Various packages contain a selection of test modules that are function-oriented and can operate either on a stand-alone basis or can be embedded in test plans for automated testing. Additional software modules for special applications complete the range.

Software packages

Software Options

English







German







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Italian







Portuguese







Japanese





Chinese





Chinese





Russian





OMICRON´s software modules feature comprehensive functionality for conventional manual or automatic testing. Unique, however, are the automation possibilities the OMICRON Control Center offers. Comprehensive test plans can easily be built, maintained and distributed; testing times can be significantly reduced. Ba Pr AP Me Mt Un

OMICRON Control Center

Test object data (XRIO)

Used device(s), wiring

 

 

With the OMICRON Control Center (OCC) technology all functions of a test object can be tested with one test plan, defined within an OCC document. Basically, an OCC document comprises the following elements:

(Hardware configuration)

Test object data

Test function 1

Test function 2

Test function n

Defined in XRIO, a powerful test object environment to describe/model all test object parameters and settings. Test object data can be entered manually or may be imported. XRIO Converters make the setting transfer from the relay to the test software fast and easy.

Information on the Specified in Hardware Configuration Component (HCC). Present device(s), outputs and throughout a test plan for all embedded test functions/modules. inputs, wiring connections Test modules with test settings (test points, etc.)

Number and type of embedded test modules depending on the complexity of the tests to be performed. With the LinkToXRIO technology, all "general" test modules have access to the XRIO parameters and allow the definition of test settings relative to test object parameters. Tests automatically adapt to changed test object settings.

Optional: Graphics, instruction texts, etc.

Guides the tester through the testing process according to test specifications (connection diagrams, check instructions, etc.) supported by Pause Module, Text View, ExeCute.

Results (after testing)

Contains all test results in secure format with exact data, automatic assessment of the test points according to tolerances, automatically created test report (customizable to meet the organization´s requirements).

To adapt a test plan for a certain parameter, only this single parameter needs to be changed in XRIO – all test settings adapt automatically, as they are set relative to the device parameters. Re-usability OCC documents can easily be used as templates for the same or similar tests: Simply copying the OCC file, deleting the results of the previous test and restarting will perform the test again with the exact same settings, configuration, and test specifications. For similar tests, where only the parameterization differs (e.g. in substations with several feeders), simple copying of the OCC file and adjustment of the parameters is all that is required. Test Wizard, an efficient and customizable tool for the automatic generation of optimized Control Center test plans, completes OMICRON´s “toolbox” for automatic testing and test plan creation.

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Test Object Definition with XRIO

     

All the relevant data for a device to be tested is kept in the standard XRIO format (eXtended Relay Interface by OMICRON). The corresponding data can either be manually entered via Test Object or alternatively it can be imported. Test object parameters can also be exported, making them available across any existing test plans. LinkToXRIO All test modules supporting LinkToXRIO allow the direct use of a defined test object parameter for testing. This means that if a certain parameter changes, the test plans which use it do not need to be modified. The test plans will still perform their specified test using the now changed parameter. XRIO Converters XRIO Converters optionally allow for the fast and easy entry and conversion of the data available in the test objects´ own parameter structure. XRIO converters can be written and customized by the users. A number of helpful examples are included in the software. Test Library A test library, installed with the software, additionally provides a comprehensive collection of typical test object data of different manufacturers. The data can easily be adapted to the actual settings of individual test objects.

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Hardware Configuration

     

In Hardware Configuration Component (HCC), the test setup (used generators/amplifiers, auxiliary CTs, VTs, etc.) and the wiring between the testing equipment and test object is configured with ultimate flexibility. Export and import functions allow easy distribution of specific hardware configurations.

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Pause Module, Text View, ExeCute

 

 

These small modules run within OCC and support certain automation aspects. Pause Module Allows the setting of breakpoints in automatic tests. Test designers can specify instructions to be displayed as pop up messages (e.g. inclusion of a wiring diagram). Text View Allows for embedding and displaying a text file or log file during an automatic text execution. ExeCute Allows for execution of external applications (programs) along with file or data parameters during Control Center execution for an automatic test using an OCC document (e.g. automatic re-parameterization of a relay during type testing).

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Test Wizard

 

 

Test Wizard is a simple and efficient tool for the automatic generation of application tailored test plans in the OCC. The basis of the Test Wizard is its “knowledge base“, a database of pre-defined individual test plans for individual standardized test object types. This database can be customized and extended by the user. Once the test object has been identified (e.g. a certain distance relay), Test Wizard provides a list of all protective functions available within this object (distance, autoreclosure, etc.). From this list, the user selects the functions to be tested and Test Wizard automatically puts the corresponding testing functionality into a structured OCC document. Like an assistant, Test Wizard guides the tester through the process of selecting the required testing functions in an application-oriented way and automatically combines them for a complete test plan in an OCC document. The unique Test Wizard is of immense value in particular for use with multifunctional relays, representing also a powerful platform for the creation, distribution and maintenance of standardized test templates.

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Automatic Reporting

     

All OMICRON test modules have one view in common - the report view. In this a fully formatted report is available, missing only the test results. If several modules are used within OCC to comprise a test, each module adds its specific piece of data to the overall report. After testing is finished, test results and assessments are entered automatically to complete the report. Reports can easily be printed, saved on file or in a database, or exported to standard office applications using Rich Text Format. Depending on the individual test module the results come from, data are entered in tabular and/or graphical form. Customizing test reports based on individual requirements is easy. With the Report Configuration function the visible content of test reports can be defined completely independently from the recorded data, by just selecting or deselecting items from the list. Recorded data will always remain available regardless of whether the user chooses to include it in the reports. Defined standard report settings are quickly and easily generated, saved, and loaded; company specific elements like logos etc., can easily be included.

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CM Engine - Programming Interface

 

 

For very special applications, the programming interface CM Engine - a command language library for 32-bit Windows platforms (Windows 98/2000/XP) - allows users of CMC test sets to write their own programs. Thus, specific test and control requirements can be met, such as factory acceptance tests as performed by protection relay manufacturers. The programs can be written in one of the common programming languages such as C/C++, Visual Basic or Pascal. It is also possible to control the CMC test hardware from thirdparty applications that support Microsoft Automation.

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QuickCMC

     

Quick and easy manual testing • Simultaneous control of up to 16 generators (voltage/current outputs) • Steady state, step or ramp function for all quantities • Fault Calculator providing different operation modes • Timing measurements • Vector view and impedance plane QuickCMC provides an easy and intuitive user interface, while also offering powerful functions for performing manual tests for all kinds of secondary devices. Output quantities can either be entered in the classical way as voltages and currents, or by using input modes for absolute or relative impedance values, powers or symmetrical components. Regardless of which input mode is chosen, Fault Calculator transfers the values into voltages and currents generated by a CMC and/or amplifier.

Output functions QuickCMC provides simple control of test signals. Output values may be defined numerically, or by dynamically positioning the elements in the vector diagram, or the interactive impedance plane with the mouse. The module includes a Fault Calculator which automatically converts the entered values to determine the correct output quantities (voltage, current and phase angle) for single, two and three-phase faults; power flow; or symmetrical components. The residual voltage and current is also automatically calculated and generated. According to the selected mode, the values are displayed graphically in the vector or impedance view, as well as numerically in a table. Channels where no fault model is assigned can be set without any restriction (unbalanced signal generation, variable frequency for each individual channel, etc.). The unit manager function allows for easy toggling between the handling of values in primary/secondary, absolute/relative, or seconds/cycles.

Step or ramp mode Step or Ramp Mode operation is provided for finding limiting values, such as pick up and drop off, or starting of a relay. In step mode, the selected quantities (currents, voltages, impedances, power, etc.) are increased or decreased by a specified value with a mouse click. In ramp mode, a step function test is carried out until an input toggles or the user stops the test. The pulse ramping functionality allows easy testing of protection elements with overlapping characteristics.

Input/measuring functions 10 binary inputs can be used to monitor dry or wet contacts and make corresponding time measurements. The output values of a transducer connected to the analog dc inputs can also be displayed.

Reporting Results of tests with QuickCMC can be stored for later use. Similar to all other testing modules in the OMICRON Test Universe, the report style and content can be customized. In addition, the QuickCMC reporting feature provides a “notepad” function, so that individual comments may be added to the report.

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State Sequencer

  



State Sequencer is a very flexible tool for determining operating times and logical timing sequences. A state is defined by the output conditions (voltage and current, binary outputs) and a condition for the ending of the state. Several individual states can be strung together in order to define a test sequence. The transition from one state to the next may take place after a fixed time, after a trigger condition on the binary inputs of the CMC, a GPS synchronization pulse, or by pressing a key. Static output of individual states is possible.

Definition of individual states Within one state, up to 16 signals can be set independently in amplitude, phase, and frequency. Besides the direct input of the individual voltages and currents, the integrated fault calculator allows the automatic calculation of the test quantities entered by one of the following input modes: Line-Neutral, Line-Line, symmetrical components, powers, fault values, Z with I or V constant. For distance relays, test points can directly be defined in the interactive impedance plane, showing the specifications of the actual loaded XRIO test object file.

Measurement Time measurements can be defined based on this string of states. These can be used to check the correct operation of the relay. Timing conditions can be specified for the test assessment (e. g., a given relay should trip within two cycles of inception of the fault state). Individual trip times and deviations (positive and negative) can be specified for each measurement condition. If the measured time is within this range, the test is “passed”; otherwise, it is “failed”. Apart from timing measurements (always triggered by an event i.e. Trip) level assessments can be made. A level assessment is positive, if defined states at the relay outputs connected to the binary inputs are logically true throughout a certain state. Changes of binary values are not required. Once defined, states and timing conditions can easily be copied and pasted into sequence.

Assessment and Reporting The measurement conditions are displayed in a table. After a test execution this table also contains the measured actual times and deviations. The last column contains the “passed” or “failed” information. All of the time signals (voltages, currents and binary inputs) can be displayed graphically to aid in studying the reaction of the relay. Signals can be enabled individually, with the ability to zoom in on specific points in time. Data cursors facilitate scrolling through the time signals to find the values at specific times. The report functionality is identical to all other automatic test modules.

State Sequencer supports the binary input/output unit CMB IO-7.

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Ramping

  



Ramping generates ramps of amplitude, phase, or frequency for the current and voltage outputs. It can also determine limiting values, such as minimum pick-up or switching hysteresis. Automated tests can be performed with ramps that allow testing of both simple and complex functions. The flexibility of this module allows two synchronized simultaneous ramps of different variables and functions with up to five consecutive ramp segments each. Features • Automated testing using ramp sequences • Simultaneous ramps for two independent variables and functions (e.g. V/Hz) • Definition of up to five consecutive ramp segments • Visual control of the output values (time view) • Display of the test results with automatic assessment • Test repetition feature with statistic calculations • Ratio calculations of the two ramp values, e.g. resetting ratio • Unique one-step-back feature for quick and accurate testing • Automatic result assessment Typical Applications • Pick up/Drop-off testing • Evaluation of the resetting ratio

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Pulse Ramping

 



With Pulse Ramping, quick, accurate and thorough determination of pickup values of multifunctional relays is easily done. Pulse Ramping allows for testing a protection element pickup value without disabling associated functions. Trip is the only contact required. This removes a potential source of error as no reparameterization of the relay is required. The use of Pulse Ramping also avoids high continuous testing current for electromechanical relays with high instantaneous settings. Other functions include: • Distance protection fault model with XRIO interface • Reset state definition • End-to-End testing using a GPS trigger • Automatic report creation • Automatic result assessment Typical applications: Pick-up testing of • multifunctional relays with overlapping elements, • overcurrent relays with multiple elements, • generator protection, • motor protection, • rate of change relays (including df/dt).

Application Example Overcurrent: Without Pulse Ramping, the I>> pickup (instantaneous) cannot be determined because the ramp already leads to a trip in the I> (Timed Overcurrent) area. With Pulse Ramping the determination of the I>> pickup value is easy because the 200ms pulses never lead to a trip in the I> region.

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Overcurrent

 



Automatic • Overcurrent trip time testing • Overcurrent curve evaluation • Pick-up/drop-off testing Overcurrent serves to manually or automatically test overcurrent relays (directional and nondirectional). The software displays the characteristic of the relay on a time vs. current diagram. Each test point is defined in this characteristic and then added to a test point list. An assessment is made for each test point, based on the pre-defined tolerance for the trip time. Key Features • Assessment for each test point • Automated testing • Characteristic for zero and negative sequence • Definition of a test point sequence • Testing of the starting characteristic/automatic assessment • Testing with or without load current • Automatic reporting Four different characteristics can be set for each relay: line to earth fault, line to line fault, zero sequence, and negative sequence. The time characteristics or curves can either be based on a user-defined current vs. time table or a variety of pre-defined relay characteristics. The relay characteristics available from the OMICRON templates are: standard inverse curves as defined by IEC 255-4 (BS 142) and relay specific curves based on the IEEE standard formula (PC37.112). OMICRON´s relay interface (XRIO) allows importing and exporting of relay data. Test automation is supported by a simple test point definition in a user-defined test point list. A graphical user interface displays the output values in the vector diagram.

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Autoreclosure

 



Configuration of the test sequences for the autoreclosure (AR) is both effective and time saving. Autoreclosure automatically sets up test conditions for the successful and unsuccessful sequence. The user may modify the measurement conditions to special needs. Essential criteria, like the three phase final trip at the end of an unsuccessful sequence, are automatically evaluated as well. The generation of the fault quantities makes no assumptions for the nature of protection, so overcurrent, distance, or line differential relays with AR can be tested. The fault specification is done by fault type and fault quantities, supported by the integrated fault calculator and the LinkToXRIO functionality. For testing distance protection, the fault can be specified in the impedance plane. The test sequence is displayed over time and a list of events with assessments is reported.

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Distance

 



Distance provides the functionality to define and perform tests of distance relays by impedance element evaluations using single-shot definitions in the Z-plane with graphical characteristic display.

Definition of relay characteristics A graphical characteristic editor makes for quick and easy definition of the nominal relay characteristics and settings. Starting, trip, extended, and no-trip zones can be defined by using pre-defined elements. A complete overview of all defined zones is provided. The standard XRIO interface makes it possible to directly import the relay data from the relays parameter setting software. The impedance settings for the zones are entered and displayed in primary or secondary values, as chosen by the user.

Definition of tests Tests are defined in the impedance plane: Test points are added to a test point table with the mouse or by keyboard entry. This table is divided according to the different fault loops (A-N, B-N, C-N, A-B, etc.). Test points can be defined for several fault loops at the same time (e.g. for all single-phase loops), or for every fault loop separately. When a test is performed, the test point lists belonging to the individual fault loops are processed in turn. The reaction of the relay is compared to the specified nominal settings and an assessment is made. The results are displayed graphically in the impedance plane, as well as numerically in the test point table. For a more in-depth analysis of the results, the voltages and currents belonging to a test point and the relay´s reaction (switching of output contacts) can be graphically displayed. Time measurements between different points can be made using cursors.

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Differential

 



Differential provides a compact testing solution for line, generator, busbar, and transformer differential protection relays. It performs single-phase tests of the operating characteristic (pick up value, slope test) and the inrush blocking function (harmonic restraint test). Variable tap settings, as for some older electromechanical relays (e.g. GE BDD, or Westinghouse HU) can be addressed. For the operating characteristic test, test points are defined in the Idiff/Ibias plane either by the mouse or by using the keyboard. A graphic user interface makes the test definition easy. Differential also tests the harmonic restraint function. For this function, the test points are determined by the differential current and the percentage of the superimposed harmonic. The test currents belonging to the test points are injected into the relay and the reaction of the relay is assessed.

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Transient Ground Fault





Transient Ground Fault tests the directional decision of transient ground fault relays. It produces the transient voltages and currents during a ground fault from a fault simulation with a pre-defined network model. The network simulation provides testing with realistic current and voltage waveforms. The model simulates a spur line. The calculated quantities are determined by the parameters of the line and the feeding network. For testing the directional decision of steady-state ground fault relays, the steady-state fault quantities after the decay of the transient process can be continuously output. To allow for the testing of relays in both the forward and the reverse direction, the fault can be applied on different feeders. The module performs an automatic assessment of the measured data based on the user´s specific application. The output signals are shown in a separate view. They can also be displayed or printed with the automatically generated test report. The test execution can be manually initiated or synchronized by using an external trigger signal. The module is of particular assistance when • setting the relays, • checking the relay´s directional characteristic. Both three-phase systems and two-phase systems (e.g. some railway systems) can be simulated.

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Synchronizer





In order to test a synchronizing relay, the test equipment needs to emulate the application in which the relay is used. Synchronizing relays are designed to measure adjoining systems with respect to voltage phase angle, frequency, and magnitude, to safeguard against the interconnection of two unsynchronized systems. Synchronizer allows for a three-phase to three-phase synchronization, if a CMS 156 voltage amplifier is used together with the CMC 256/156 test set. For a single-phase to single-phase synchronization, no additional amplifier is needed. With a CMC 256, three-phase to singlephase synchronization is possible, using the additional fourth voltage phase to represent one of the systems. Synchronizer can be used in single phase mode to simulate two systems to be synchronized (1 and 2). System 1 is fixed at a specified amplitude and frequency. The second voltage output represents system 2, i.e. the generator or system to be synchronized. System 2 is controlled by the software in amplitude and frequency. The software automatically detects the circuit breaker closing command from the relay and, taking the CB closing time into account, evaluates if the synchronization takes place within the synchronizing window. The control of the second output is variable following different test modes. The frequency and amplitude can be changed linearly depending on the ramping time constants of the generator. For synchronizing devices that have automatic adjustment functions, the adjustment control commands (f, f, V, V) may be used to control the second voltage output. To simulate the real system as closely as possible, a dynamic generator model is available. The binary contact sequences of the adjustment commands, and the changes of voltage and frequency, can be monitored graphically in order to follow the progress of the synchronization. A synchronoscope is implemented in the software, which eliminates the need for additional test instruments when testing synchronizing devices.

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Advanced Distance





Advanced Distance provides advanced functionality in addition to the base functionality of Distance: • Search and Check tests • Test settings relative to zone reaches and line angle ("relative shots") • Testing multiple fault loops Shot tests, Search tests, and Check test At a Shot test (the only mode provided in the Distance module), test points in the test point table are automatically processed. At a Search test, zone reaches are determined automatically. Zone transitions are searched along search lines specified in the impedance plane, using an optimized algorithm. It is possible to define a series of search lines in a single step. All defined search lines are stored in a table for automatic processing. At a Check test, test points are automatically set at the tolerance boundaries of zones. The setup is done with test lines (check lines) similar to a search test, but test points are only set at the intersections of the check lines with the zone tolerances. The Check test is an efficient overall test of the relay with minimum testing time. This gives a quick verification of whether the specifications are met, particularly for routine tests. Adding test points and test lines to the tables is possible in a variety of ways. Parameters can be precisely defined by numerical inputs, or specified by pointing to certain locations in the characteristic diagram. A magnetic cursor supports the choosing of useful values. Mouse commands, context menus and keyboard shortcuts facilitate data input. A test in Advanced Distance can have any combination of Shot, Search, or Check tests. At test execution, the whole test settings are processed sequentially. This versatile system offers a wide range of testing possibilities. Using this, it is easy to comply with testing philosophies and regulations. Relative Test Definitions A revolutionary feature is that the test settings can be made relative to the characteristic of the distance relay. Test points are not entered in absolute R, X, Z, or angle values, but are instead referred to zone reaches and the line angle. The relative settings can be applied to reaches and to angles, either combined or individually. Test points defined relative to zone reaches (e.g. 90 % of zone 1, 110 % of zone 1, 90 % of zone 2, …) have the magnitude of the impedance automatically adjusted to the actual values defined in the test object data. Test points and test (search/check) lines defined relative to the line angle are twisted according to the setting of the line angle in the XRIO test object file. With this feature, re-usable test templates that adopt themselves to the actual relay settings can be created. Constant Source Impedance Model In addition to the constant test current and constant test voltage models from Distance, Advanced Distance provides the constant source impedance test model which is useful in special cases where parameters such as SIR (Source Impedance Ratio) are important.

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Load Current To verify special behavior of certain relays which occurs only when a prefault (load) current is present (e.g. accelerated tripping performance), a load current can be superimposed. Testing multiple fault loops in one test module Advanced Distance provides special support by performing the tests for multiple fault loops within one test module. For all test modes (shot, search, check) multiple tabs are provided with a separate test point table for every fault type. For every fault type, individual test settings can be made, but for the common case of equal settings in related fault types, there are functions to make the same settings in multiple fault types simultaneously. Multi-windows user interface The user interface can be configured individually, using the following elements: Test View This view holds the test point tables for the Shot, Search, and Check tests and the impedance plane. Test definitions are made in this view. During and after the test execution, this view displays the results numerically in the tables and graphically in the impedance plane. Z/t Diagram This view shows the graded trip time curve over the impedance along a certain line. The actual line is determined by pointing in the impedance plane or by a selection in one of the test tables. It is also possible to define test points and view the assessments in the diagram. Vector Diagram The vector diagram shows the phasors of the voltages and currents, both for the phase quantities and the sequence components. The corresponding numerical values are displayed in the attached table. Time Signal View The voltages, currents, and binary signals after a completed shot are shown in this view. This is useful to perform more detailed investigations (e.g. time measurements using cursors). Ba Pr AP Me Mt Un

VI Starting





Automatic testing of VI starting of distance relays VI Starting tests the voltage dependent overcurrent starting characteristic used in many distance relays. Additionally, it is a perfect tool for many tests on overcurrent and undervoltage functions. For any specified test point, it finds the pick-up value, the drop-off value and the ratio. Advantages • Automatic finding of characteristics • Automatic testing according to specified characteristics • Automatic determination of pick-up and drop-off values • Separate characteristics for phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase starting • Intuitive operation with graphical representation of the test • Clear representation of results in tabular and graphical form Features • Easy fault specification with fault type and fault quantities • Generation of realistic test quantities with models for phase-to-ground, two-phase and three–phase faults • Vector diagram with additional numeric display of the test quantities • Automatic result assessment • Automatic test report generation • XRIO interface for VI characteristics

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Advanced Differential





Advanced Differential is a set of test modules which form a complete testing solution for differential schemes. It is particularly suitable for transformer differential schemes with up to 3-windings and up to 9 currents to be injected. Extensive modeling of the protected object (power transformer), the secondary equipment (CTs, CT connection) and the relay characteristics provides the data for the computations required to facilitate testing. The automatic calculation of the test currents eliminates the most time consuming and error-prone manual tasks. Testing the correct operation of the relay becomes simple, time saving, and cost efficient. This test solution provides: • Testing with all fault types (L-N, L-L, L-L-L) • Shot tests at pre-defined test points or search tests • Evaluation and assessment of results against characteristics and tolerances • Report generation including graphical representation of the results in the characteristic diagrams • No blocking of voltage related functions required (important for testing of multifunctional relays) For transformers, automatic calculation of currents to be injected are based on: • Transformer data (nominal data, vector group) • CT ratios and connections • Fault type • Fault/supply side (primary, secondary, etc.) • Load current • Amplitude and phase correction For the protective relay, the assessment of the measured values is based on: • Operating characteristic • Bias calculation • Zero sequence elimination If a suitable combination of test set and amplifier is used, the modules can control up to 9 currents for comfortable testing of three winding transformer protection. For non-transformer applications, such as testing generator differential protection, the current calculations are done without the transformer model. These test modules are also suitable for testing other differential relay functions such as an overcurrent back up protection function or an overload function integrated into the relay. The four test modules in detail: Diff Configuration This module simulates through-faults to verify that the protection is stable for faults outside the protected zone. Since investigation of the stability may require the observation of multiple measurements, the module gives the tester the option to check the readings before proceeding with the test. The actual values read from the relay under the fault conditions (operating or restraint currents of the different phases) can be entered for full documentation in the report. The test module Diff Configuration tests: • Secondary wiring and interposing transformers (electromechanical and numerical relays) • Correct parameter setting of digital relays (specification of protected object) • Zero-sequence elimination

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Diff Operating Characteristic The Diff Operating Characteristic module tests the operation of the protection for faults inside the protected zone. The currents injected into the relay are calculated from ldiff/Ibias value pairs specified in the ldiff/lbias plane. This relates directly to how manufacturers commonly specify the operating characteristic. The correct reaction of the relay, either trip or no trip, is assessed against the specified characteristic.

Diff Trip Time Characteristic This module tests the dependency of the trip time from the magnitude of the differential current. Diff Trip Time Characteristic measures tripping times at specified differential currents. The actual current configuration for a particular differential current is automatically calculated. The test points are defined in the trip time characteristic diagram and the measurements are assessed against this characteristic.

Diff Harmonic Restraint Diff Harmonic Restraint tests the inrush and CT saturation blocking function of a differential relay. Currents with superimposed 2nd or 5th harmonics are injected for this test. The test points are defined in the harmonic restraint characteristic diagram, where the differential current is drawn over the harmonic content of the test current. For simulating different inrush conditions, the initial phase shift between fundamental and harmonics can be specified.

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Software Ba Pr AP Me Mt Un

TransPlay - Transient Playback Utility

     

TransPlay as a utility program allows the loading and playback of transient files containing voltage and current analog transient waveforms. Files which are converted from COMTRADE to WAV format can be automatically played back. This results in the injection of these signals into the relay. These signals may be simple harmonic waveforms or actual power system faults recorded from a digital fault recorder or from a simulation program, such as EMTP. The software supports the following file formats: • IEEE COMTRADE • Windows WAV TransPlay also includes synchronizing capability for use with an external trigger. An external trigger, such as a time pulse from a GPS satellite receiver (i.e. CMGPS), can initiate the playback of a transient file at a specific time.

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Harmonics

     

Harmonics produces harmonics with frequencies up to 1000 Hz with even and odd harmonics up to the 20th harmonic at 50 Hz or 16th harmonic at 60 Hz. Harmonic signals can be output directly or exported as COMTRADE files. The fundamental for three voltages and three currents as well as mixtures of harmonics for any of the voltage or current channels can be defined. The THD (total harmonic distortion) of the signal (for each channel) is indicated. In static output mode the tool puts out values as long as it is in the ON condition. In sequence mode a sequence consisting of three states can be injected: 1. Pre signal: only fundamental wave 2. Signal: set signal including harmonics 3. Post signal: only fundamental wave A timer starts at the moment of harmonic injection and stops on a trigger event. The response time is indicated.

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Advanced TransPlay





Ideal tool for • troubleshooting with fault records • relay evaluation with transient files (e.g. EMTP calculations) • End-to-End testing Advanced TransPlay is a universal tool for using the CMC system to test with transient signals. Transient signal data, obtained from fault recorders or network simulation programs, can be loaded and viewed, processed, and replayed with Advanced TransPlay. The reaction of the protection device tested with such signals is recorded and assessed, and a test report is generated. COMTRADE (C37.111-1991 and P37.111/D11), PL4 (PC formatted ASCII), TRF and CSV file formats are supported by Advanced TransPlay. After a transient file has been loaded, the part of the signal to be replayed is selected by markers; irrelevant parts are hidden. It is possible to repeat parts of the signal, e.g. for extending the pre-fault time. Markers can be set in order to point out significant events in the recording, such as fault inception, starting, tripping, etc.. These markers are the basis for time measurements. Advanced TransPlay not only plays back voltage and current signals, it also can replay the binary signals in a fault recording via the CMC´s relay and transistor outputs. Additional binary signals (e.g. carrier send/received signals from communication-based schemes) can be added. During playback, the selected voltage, current, and binary signals are applied to the protection device. If necessary, playback can be synchronized via GPS or by a time pulse applied to a binary input. The reaction of the protection device is measured and assessed on the basis of time measurements. Absolute and relative time measurements are possible: • Absolute time measurements determine for instance starting or trip times of the relay during signal playback. • Relative measurements compare the relay´s reaction during playback to its behavior stored in the recording (reference). This makes it possible to investigate: • if the relay scatters (differences between recording and actual behavior during playback). • how a different protection device operates under the same conditions. Advanced TransPlay provides a repetition mode; the individual results for each repetition, as well as average and standard deviation values (statistic functions), are displayed.

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Software Ba Pr AP Me Mt Un



Annunciation Checker



Today´s protection devices emit hundreds of different status signals or measured analog values. Each signal can be displayed at various locations. Annunciation Checker helps the commissioning engineer to verify that the allocation of each message to its expected location (marshalling) and the wiring has been done correctly. A test specification can be created prior to the test and can also be flexibly adapted while a test runs. The test specification is done in a signal/location grid. Signals stimulate a protective device and are generated as shots or steady states. The test engineer can navigate through the test grid in any order (e.g. signal by signal or location by location). Each cell of the grid corresponds to a signal indicator at a certain location. The response of the indicator is evaluated manually. The test results are summarized in a tabular test report.

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Binary I/O monitor

     

Binary I/O Monitor displays the status of all binary inputs/outputs of the connected test set(s). It can also indicate transient changes that occur between regular updates of the displayed information. This is very useful during the creation of a test sequence or for troubleshooting. A hold function enables the user to freeze the display for detailed investigations. In particular when working with the CMB IO-7 (with its large number of binary inputs and outputs) this tool provides considerable benefit. A typical application is the testing of the control logic of a bay control device. Main functions: • All connected binary inputs and outputs are monitored • Runs in parallel with any OMICRON test module • Transient changes can be indicated through the "Indicate state change” function • Display can be frozen by the "Hold” function • Display names assigned in the Hardware Configuration are displayed as labels for the state indicators

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CB Configuration

      (for CMC 256)

For many protection relays, it is necessary to have the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker (CB) connected and operating for proper functioning. The CB simulation, running in a CMC 256, simulates the auxiliary contacts during a test. Depending on the available binary inputs and outputs, it is possible to simulate one-pole and three-pole operation of the CB. A time signal display shows the actual situation. The CB Simulation consists of two items: • The CB Configuration module that is used to specify the timing parameters and mode of operation of the CB Simulation. It can be used either as a stand-alone module or embedded in the OMICRON Control Center. • The CB Simulation is running in the CMC firmware. It performs actuation of the auxiliary CB contacts (52a, 52b) in response to trip and close commands.

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NetSim - Network Simulation Software

VESM5100

This test module brings power system network simulations and testing with transient signals within the scope of the commissioning engineer and the routine tester. Standard network configurations with a simple parameter setup provide instant "click and run" simulations with signal output via the CMC test set.

L-N Fault with CT saturation

Applications • Relay testing under real-life conditions • Evaluation of relay settings for difficult protection applications • Testing of advanced protection algorithms • Easy End-to-End testing of line protection with GPS time synchronization The transient voltages and currents are calculated from a digital network model, providing optimal approximation of the real events in a power network. Test Cases • Short circuit events on single lines, parallel lines (including mutual coupling), and three terminal lines • Power Swings Customized test cases can be produced on request.

Voltages and currents during an asynchronous power swing

Event Simulation • Fault types L-E, L-L, L-L-E, L-L-L, L-L-L-E • Selectable fault location • Selectable fault resistance (arc simulation) • Simultaneous faults on parallel lines • Open phase • Spur line • Switch-onto-fault • Power Swing • Automatic repetition of tests with varying parameters • COMTRADE export for simulated waveforms The simulation of the power system takes all essential components and parameters into account, as: • Voltage sources • Lines, mutual coupling • Circuit breakers • CT saturation

Impedance locus during an asynchronous power swing simulated with NetSim (displayed in TransView)

Power Swing Testing The realistic power system quantities generated by NetSim are essential for successfully testing advanced power swing blocking functions in modern relays, where simple impedance ramps or sequences of impedance states will mostly fail. Asynchronous power swings can also be generated with multiple pole slips for effectively testing Out-of-Step (OST) functions. The synchronous power swing test case simulates a transient oscillation that returns to a stable state. Three Terminal Line Due to obvious cost benefits, tapped lines become more and more frequently installed. Depending on impedance values (e.g. cable tap on overhead line) or topographical layout (e.g. tap close to one end), distance protection may have serious reach problems with this configuration. The three terminal line configuration is an ideal test case for investigating the conditions on tapped lines. Finding optimized protection settings for this difficult case is substantially supported.

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Software Ba Pr AP Me Mt Un

Meter

  

OMICRON´s approach significantly simplifies the testing of energy meters. Until now, the usual method has been to use a stabilized, but not very accurate, power source, in combination with a reference meter. By using state of the art hardware technology, OMICRON provides test sets that are so accurate and stable, that the signal source itself represents the reference (applies especially to the extended precision (EP) option of CMC 156 or CMC 256 test sets). This makes a reference meter unnecessary for most cases. The CMC test sets not only provide the test signals, but also have inputs for the meter pulses allowing closed loop testing. To this end, optical scanning heads for capturing pulses emitted by infrared LEDs are available. Meter allows for manual or automated testing of energy meters. The automatic test is controlled by a test point table. Each line of this table represents a test point, which can be run in one of the following modes: Load test Accuracy of measurement unit (time power method) Mechanism test Accuracy of entire meter including display Gated Mechanism test Testing internal meter registers Injection test Quick check (wiring, sense of rotation) No-load test No start-up at zero load Creep test Start-up at low loads In the columns of the table the individual test parameters, the set assessment criteria (tolerance, nominal behavior), and the result of the test, including the assessment (passed or failed), are displayed. For multifunctional meters, or meters with two directions of rotation, a table per test function is available (multiple tabs). Test lines can be repeated several times. In this case the standard deviation is displayed together with the meter error, which allows conclusions of the correctness of the test itself. Single test steps (e.g. those assessed as failed) can be repeated after a test run is finished, without the need for repeating the whole test. For testing the meter´s behavior with harmonics or dc components, the following current signal waveforms are available: • Sine • Sine + Harmonics • Sine + dc The test quantities are displayed graphically by means of the voltage, current and power vector diagrams on the right of the screen. The test can by performed with any balanced or unbalanced load for: • Single phase meters (or a single measurement element of a 3-phase meter) • 3-wire meters • 4-wire meters All parameters can be specified in a detail view independently for each phase. Apparent, active and reactive power is indicated for each phase and the whole rotary system. Testing of the following meter functions is supported: • Wh importing/exporting • varh importing/exporting • VAh • I2h and U2h (load/no-load losses of transformers) • Qh (Quantity hour) The results of an automatic test are clearly summed up in a tabular test report (one line per test point). For a manual test, generating any test quantities, without defining a complete test procedure, can quickly check the correct functioning of meters. In this mode the constant of a meter can also be determined, in case it is not known or if there are doubts about it. When testing with a reference meter, the CMC is used as a current and voltage source. During a load test the pulses of the meter under test, as well as those of the reference meter are registered. The latter form the reference for error calculation.

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Furthermore, testing against a 0.02 or 0.01 % reference before a test is run, using the same test points, can eliminate errors of the CMC.

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Transducer

 

The software module for testing measurement transducers allows for manual or automatic testing of any measurement functions, such as • Real power single- or three-phase • Reactive power single- or three-phase • Apparent power single- or three-phase • Frequency • Current • Voltage (phase-to-ground, phase-to-phase) • cos ϕ • Phase angle (V-I, V-V, I-I) • dc quantities (current, voltage, power) • Signed average of currents The module supports testing of the following types of characteristics: • Linear • Compound • Quadratic • Symmetrical or non-symmetrical The definition of the characteristic corresponding to the test object settings is easy and is displayed graphically. A default test setting is derived from the test object definition, facilitating the definition of an automatic test of the transducers characteristic. The "manual test” mode is used, if a measurement transducer is to be readjusted. Every desired input quantity can be generated for the transducer. Furthermore, it is easy to switch between significant points of a characteristic, where the error of the transducer is shown at a certain input value. An automatic test includes the sequential output of a pre-defined test point table, as well as the documentation and assessment of the results. Here, the test points represent the input value of the measurement transducer. In addition, the behavior at changing input voltage or frequency can be performed as an option. The error of a transducer is determined by comparing the theoretical signal and the actually measured output signal. Relative, absolute and class errors are derived and graphically displayed in a diagram. If multiple test runs are performed, the average error is indicated. Single test points or test sequences can be added to the test point table. The table includes: • Input value • Output value • Class error • Assessment (test passed or failed) During the automatic test run all test points are processed in a sequence. The transfer characteristic including all test points (passed or failed) is displayed graphically. If remote displays should be checked during the test run, the test can also be controlled manually. Measuring transducers for three-wire (Aaron circuit) as well as four-wire systems can be tested. Current as well as voltage can be generated as pure sine signals or superimposed with harmonics or dc components. New generation transducers often no longer have classical mA or Vdc output. They rather transmit the measured data via transfer protocol or/and visualize values at a display. The mode "open loop testing" supports testing this type of transducer. To achieve higher accuracy for calibration and testing it is recommended that the EP (Extended Precision) option of the CMC 156 or the CMC 256 is used.

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Software EnerLyzer

VESM2050

EnerLyzer is a software option for the CMC 256, enabling powerful analog measurement functions. With this option, each of the ten binary inputs can be reconfigured for use as analog measurement inputs. Thus a CMC 256 together with EnerLyzer becomes a multifunctional measurement and recording unit. EnerLyzer can be used concurrently with any active Test Universe test module.

Multimeter

Voltages of up to 600 Vrms can be measured. Alternatively, currents can also be measured by using current clamps with voltage outputs or measurement shunts. Five measurement ranges make use of the optimal accuracy, matching the signals to be measured. The measurement data can be displayed as secondary or primary values. Results can be summarized in a measurement report.

Multimeter In this mode, all ten inputs can either be used as voltage or as current inputs. Ac or dc values can be measured. For ac, two different frequencies can be determined (e.g. generator/network). EnerLyzer displays the following quantities: • rms value and phase for V, I (ac) • Symmetrical components • Line-to-line voltage • Two frequencies • Active, reactive, and apparent power per phase and three-phase • cos ϕ • dc values for voltage, current and power

Harmonic analysis This mode allows the on-line analysis of a signal up to the 64th harmonic (at 50/60 Hz).

Harmonic Analysis

EnerLyzer displays the following quantities: • rms value and phase of the fundamental • Frequency, rms value and THD of the overall signal • rms value and phase of the harmonic Signals can also be captured using a "snapshot” function and displayed graphically.

Transient recording With EnerLyzer, the CMC 256 can be used as a powerful 10 channel transient recorder. The maximum recording time depends on the sampling rate and on the number of channels to be recorded (one channel recorded at 3 kHz yields a recording time of over 5 min.). Each recording is stored in COMTRADE format. Sampling rate, pre-trigger time and recording time can be set for each recording.

Transient Recording, Triggers

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Recording may be triggered manually or by a defined trigger. This can be a certain voltage, current or binary level with rising or falling slope, or a certain power quality phenomena.

Power Quality Triggers

Power Quality Triggers

Different power quality criteria can be combined to trigger signal recording: • Swell & Sag triggers: Trigger when a certain swell or sag occurs in a certain channel. • Harmonic: Triggers when either a certain harmonic or the total harmonic distortion exceed a certain level specified as a percentage of the nominal value. • Frequency: Triggers when the frequency goes outside the specified deviation of the nominal frequency in Hertz. • Frequency Change: Triggers when the rate of change of frequency exceed the specified rate. • Notch: Triggers after a certain number of notches of a certain duration and amplitude occur.

Trend Recording Records the following quantities over time: • Frequency 1 (any channel) • Frequency 2 (any channel) • Currents (rms value) • Voltage (rms value) • Phase angles • Real power (single and three phase) • Reactive power (single and three phase) • Apparent power (single and three phase) • cos ϕ Trend Recording

Each type of quantity (e.g. frequencies, currents, or real powers) is displayed in a separate diagram over time. The amount of samples in all charts together is limited to 4 million. If the limit is exceeded recording is continued and the oldest samples are removed from the chart. Measurements over a very long period of time are possible by choosing a large measurement rate - setting a rate of 10 s will allow a continuous measurement over several weeks.

Visualization and in-depth analysis of transient recordings can be performed with TransView provided with EnerLyzer. Replaying of transient recordings is possible using either Advanced TransPlay or TransPlay. EnerLyzer supports the binary input/output unit CMB IO-7.

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Software TransView

VESM2051

TransView is a software for visualization and analysis of recorded analog and binary signals, often transients in the network, which were recorded with transient recorders (relay-internal recording, CMC 256 EnerLyzer, disturbance recorder). It processes the recorded data graphically and calculates further quantities of the energy system out of the measurement data, like impedances, power vectors, rms values, etc.. The quantities can be represented as primary or secondary values in different views: • Time signals • Vector diagrams • Locus diagrams • Harmonics • Value tables For the analysis of a transient recording, amplitude and time measurements can be performed using two cursors. The voltage and current values on the cursor positions are displayed in the vector diagram or the value table. The zoom function allows the representation of the values in every view with optimal scale. TransView allows for simultaneous analysis of multiple recordings, e.g. of the two ends of a line. Time signals Here analog and binary signals are represented as a function over time. Analog quantities can be displayed as instantaneous or rms values. Vector diagrams This view visualizes measured and calculated quantities (e.g. symmetrical components) as complex vectors at defined points in time. Locus diagrams This view visualizes complex quantities as locus diagrams. Impedance locus diagrams can be represented together with tripping zones of distance relays. Zone settings can be imported using the XRIO format. Harmonics The Harmonics view shows the rms values of harmonics of selected measured quantities as bar graphs. The amplitude values are given in absolute values and as a percentage of the fundamental. The harmonics are determined using a full-cycle DFT (Discrete Fourier Transformation). Value table The Table view shows the values of several signals at the cursor positions. The signals are arranged in rows, where the individual columns contain the respective values. TransView supports data in COMTRADE format (IEEE Standard Common Format for Transient Data Exchange for Power Systems).

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Field Calibration Software cm_FCS

     

The Field Calibration Software cm_FCS supports users when performing a calibration or a self check. A number of test templates are available for CMC 256 and CMC 156/151 test sets. A calibration can be performed with any suitable reference device with sufficient accuracy. CMC 256 users can perform a self check utilizing the CMC test set´s own analog measuring inputs. The number of included test points can be adapted according to the users´ needs. The software guides the user through the procedure and provides a calibration report. Before a unit is sent back to OMICRON for a factory calibration (always includes a readjustment) a field calibration using cm_FCS shall be performed at the customers location. As long as the results documented in the calibration report are within specifications there is no need for a factory calibration. CMC test sets have very little drift over many years and thus the need for a factory calibration arises only very rarely.

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Software Scheme Testing Tools OMICRON´s Scheme Testing Tools is a suite designed to test various logic schemes found in modern relays, meters and IEDs. It consists of CommPro and LogicPro for line protection logic scheme testing, DLogicPro for distribution protection logic scheme testing and PQPro for power quality logic scheme testing. These tools eliminate the complexity of testing these schemes and provide four distinct operational benefits: Benchmark Testing Using standardized tests and a given set of device settings, the test engineer can evaluate the complex logic of different protective relays, meters, or IEDs and how they interact within the communication-based or logic-based scheme chosen. This permits direct comparison of different manufacturers´ implementation of the same logic schemes, making acceptance testing much easier. Training Tool The fault and logic sequence of the selected scheme can be reviewed through the Animation Mode. The Test Objectives and Hardware Requirements views provide information about the different stages executed by the CMC system and the fault stimulation utilized. Single Scheme Test The software performs several essential tests, which can functionally check the relay´s response while operating in a communication-based or logic-based scheme mode. These are based on user defined line parameters, fault location, and time settings, which reflect the actual application in use. Multiple Scheme Tests This feature allows several schemes to be tested in sequence, prompting the test engineer to change the communication scheme setting or logic option in the device, if necessary, to continue the tests. Printing options of all relevant settings, test objectives and automatic test results are available.

CommPro CommPro is designed to test 9 communication-based schemes in transmission line distance relays. It simulates pre-fault, fault and post-fault conditions, breaker and communications equipment signals. It monitors the operation of relay distance elements and sending of permissive or blocking signals. Schemes include: • • • • • • • • • •

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Direct Underreaching Transfer Trip Directional Comparison Blocking Permissive Underreaching Scheme Current Reversal Logic Scheme Permissive Overreaching Scheme Weak Infeed Logic Scheme Permissive Underreaching Unblocking Echo Logic Scheme Permissive Overreaching Unblocking Current Transformer Supervision

LogicPro LogicPro is designed to test 14 non-communication based schemes in transmission line distance relays. It simulates the System Fault conditions, Single or Three-Pole Breaker status and other control signals. It monitors different relay scheme logic elements and single or three phase trip signals. Schemes include: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Switch-onto-fault Power Swing Trip Remote End Opened Power Swing Block Loss of Potential Pole Dead Logic Load Encroachment Evolving Fault Zone 1 Extension Block Reclosing Single Pole Tripping Breaker Failure Protection Stub Bus Protection Current Transformer Supervision

DLogicPro DLogicPro is designed to test logic schemes found in distribution feeder protection relays. It contains 13 of the most typical schemes, (Cold-Load Pickup, Fuse Saving, CT & VT Supervision, Feeder Blocking, Sympathetic Trip Logic, Broken Conductor Detection, Selective Overcurrent Logic and Backup Tripping, Switch-onto-fault, Breaker Failure, Block Reclosing, and Bus Protection Logic) found in feeder protection. It includes test objective, scheme animation, hardware connections, and test case execution where the power system is simulated by the CMC.

PQPro PQPro is the fourth tool in the Scheme Testing Tools Suite and offers multiple advantages as a power quality training and evaluation tool. It contains 13 of the most common power quality logic detection schemes and gives the user the ability to understand and test these power quality monitoring functions that are based on fundamental frequency components. A main concern of sensitive industrial, manufacturing facilities and utilities are voltage variation events that may result in service or process interruptions resulting in significant losses. Industries define their own voltage variation withstand characteristics usually in accordance with a specific operational or design standard (like the CBEMA curve in the USA). The default settings for the Sags and Swells are based on IEEE 1159. However, for all the tests the user can enter their specific settings based on the standard being used and make them the default since they are saved in a separate file. PQPro contains the following tests: • • • • •

Instantaneous/Momentary/Temporary voltage sag Instantaneous/Momentary/Temporary voltage swell Short/Temporary/Sustained voltage interruption Power factor/Voltage/Frequency variation Voltage unbalance

CM Engine is required to utilize these modules

Ordering options: T&D Scheme Testing Tools (CommPro, LogicPro, DLogicPro) Transmission Scheme Testing Tools (CommPro, LogicPro) Power Quality Scheme Testing Tool PQPro

VESM5750 VESM5700 VESM5770

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Substation Communication Protection and Communications Protection engineers are increasingly affected by communication issues. Connections via classical SCADA protocols such as DNP and IEC 60870-5-103 provided additional information and features to be used by the SCADA system, while the signalling for the core functionality was still performed by hard wired binary contacts. Nevertheless, there are many issues surrounding the interface between protection and SCADA, which require analysis and testing to investigate problems and verify proper functioning. Recently, with the advent of network based technologies according to IEC 61850 utilizing real-time status signalling via Ethernet, even mission critical information may be sent over the communication networks. There are also devices according to the UCA 2.0 specification which operate on this principle. Having access to the information on the substation network becomes a necessity for performing protection testing. OMICRON addresses the related testing issues by providing solutions for the protection engineer.

IEC 61850 and UCA 2.0 Testing Solutions The GOOSE Configuration Module and GSSE Configuration Module extend the capabilities of the OMICRON protection testing solutions to applications with real-time messaging in substation communication networks. The modules perform the subscribtions and simulations of the messages and set up the mappings between the binary I/Os of the test set and the status indicators in the GOOSE or GSSE messages. Setting up subscriptions in the GOOSE configuration module

The standard IEC 61850 describes the communication of devices in substations. One important issue relevant to protection specialists are the real time (process bus) protocols for transmitting binary status and sampled value data. For testing, the protection engineer needs access to these data. GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) messages transport binary status signals over the substation network and are also used for tripping and interlocking. This mechanism is an extension of the GSSE (former UCA GOOSE) used with UCA 2.0. The NET-1 hardware option for OMICRON CMC 256 test sets is required for protection testing with Ethernet-based substation communication protocols, the GOOSE Configuration Module and GSSE Configuration Module can only be used with the NET-1 hardware option.

Setting up subscriptions in the GSSE configuration module

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IEC 60870-5-103 Testing Solutions PTS 103 The protocol test system PTS 103 is a software for monitoring, simulating and analyzing the "Protection Protocol" IEC 60870-5-103. Benefits • Configurable filters allow focused capturing of messages • Plain text interpretation of messages, even for messages in the private (manufacturer specific) range • Offline analysis of captured messages • Reading fault records from relays without dedicated relay software • Import of protocol logfiles into OMICRON Control Center test plans for comprehensive reporting Applications • Relay testing with simultaneous protocol monitoring • Troubleshooting on IEC 60870-5-103 links • Commissioning of IEC 60870-5-103 links • Reading fault records from relays Monitoring Monitoring is capturing messages from an established data link between a primary and a secondary station. Messages from both directions (Master to Slave, and Slave to Master) can be captured simultaneously. Simulation In Simulation mode the PTS 103 performs the active role of either a primary or a secondary station. This is useful during commissioning for setting up data links when the installation is still incomplete or for other testing purposes, like protection testing with a relay only.

PTS DP1 This interface adapter provides easy access to optical (820 nm glass fiber) communication links. It is intended to be used with the PTS 103. For the monitoring mode of the PTS 103, it works as a fully transparent repeater with two monitoring (RS232) interfaces. For the simulation mode of the PTS 103, it is a dual, bidirectional RS232 to optical converter.

Ordering options: PTS 103 DP1 Set PTS 103 Software PTS DP1

VESC0020 VESC0010 VEHC0030

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Test Sets Unique test sets from the technology leader OMICRON´s commitment to innovation is evident in the outstanding features and the absolute quality of its test sets. Making use of leadingedge technology in both development and quality assurance, OMICRON has set new standards for advanced three-phase testing equipment in terms of flexibility, accuracy, portability and reliability. OMICRON´s PC-controlled test sets generate the test signals digitally (DSP technology), resulting in highly accurate testing signals even at small amplitudes. The electronic design of the internal amplifiers and the use of switch-mode power supply units ensure a minimum of weight and volume. Independent channels with low-level signals are available at the back of the test sets, which can be used to control external amplifiers for applications requiring more signal channels or higher currents, voltages or power. The low-level signals can also be used for test objects which have a low-level input facility. All generators are continuously and independently adjustable in amplitude, phase and frequency. No switching of ranges is necessary. All current and voltage outputs are fully overload and short-circuit proof and are protected against external high-voltage transient signals and overtemperature. Every device is developed according to international IEC standards and verified by independent certification bodies including UL and TÜV.

CMC 256 - 4 Phase Voltage/6 Phase Current Test Set The universal solution for old and new generation relays, all kinds of meters and transducers. The first choice for applications requiring the highest versatility (commissioning, etc.). Unique measurement and transient recording functionality.

4 x 300 V outputs 6 x 12.5 A / 3 x 25 A outputs 6 x low level outputs (rear side) 2 x counter inputs (rear side) dc supply (0 ... 264 V) 4 x binary outputs dc measuring inputs 10 x binary inputs / Analog measurement inputs (with EnerLyzer option) Supplements all ten binary inputs with analog measurement functions for voltages of up to 600 V and currents (with current clamps). Amplitude, frequency, phase, power measurement, harmonics, recording and analysis of transient signals, event trigger etc.. The inputs are usable with current clamps with voltage output or external shunt and standard current clamp.

CMC 156 - 3 Phase Voltage/3 Phase Current Test Set The compact solution for three-phase 3 x 125 V outputs testing of relays, meters and transducers, weighing only 9.8 kg / 22 lb. Ideal for 3 x 12.5 A outputs applications requiring a high degree of 6 x low level outputs (rear side) portability (routine testing, etc.). 2 x counter inputs (rear side) 4 x binary outputs dc measuring inputs 10 x binary inputs

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CMC Test Set Options EP (Extended Precision) Available for CMC 256 and CMC 156

Class 0.05% Wo rking Sta n d ard

Equipped with the hardware option EP (Extended Precision), a CMC test set becomes an ideal instrument for the testing of energy meters. Due to the extremely high accuracy of the EP option, it is possible to test energy meters of up to class 0.2S according to IEC 62053 (formerly 60687, 0 ... 300 V three-phase for a CMC 256-EP) without an additional reference meter. This extremely high precision also makes a CMC 256 or CMC 156 ideal for relay manufacturers for their development process, type testing, acceptance testing, device calibration, or product demonstration. The technical data section on the following pages provides detailed information on where a EP version differs from a standard CMC. The EP option can be ordered together with a new unit or an existing CMC 256 or CMC 156 can be upgraded at any later stage.

NET-1

Several developments in computer and communication technologies have created a need for alternative communication interfaces in protection test sets.

Available for CMC 256

The new way of controlling the test set is performed via Ethernet. This proven network technology offers many new opportunities in excess of just replacing the parallel interface, like controlling the test set over a network. Another advantage is the support of substation communication according to IEC 61850 and UCA 2.0. These protocols are also based on Ethernet. The NET-1 option for CMC 256 replaces the parallel interface and provides the new control interface for the test set. It is required for interfacing to Ethernet-based substation communication protocols. The NET-1 option has two Ethernet interfaces: • 10/100 Mbit/s "copper" (10/100Base-TX, auto-sensing, auto-crossover, RJ45 connector for CAT5 twisted pair cables). • 100 Mbit/s fiber optic (100Base-FX, MTRJ connector). Support for specific substation protocols, such as the GOOSE/GSSE messaging according to IEC 61850-8-1 or UCA 2.0 can be provided by future firmware options. On the PC controlling the test set, this option requires Test Universe Software Version 2.0 running on Microsoft Windows 2000 or Windows XP operating systems. The NET-1 option can be ordered with a new device or as an upgrade for a CMC 256. Test sets with the NET-1 option no longer have a parallel port interface.

CMC ordering options CMC 256

CMC 156

VE002519

VE001514

Basic Package

VE002419

VE001414

Protection Package

VE002319

VE001314

Advanced Protection Package

VE002619

VE001614

Meter Package

VE002219

VE001214

Measurement Package

VE002119

VE001114

Universal Package

1

VEHO1002

VEHO1001

Option EP if ordered with a new unit

VEHO00021

VEHO0001

Option EP if ordered as an upgrade

1

-

Option NET-1 if ordered with a new unit

1

-

Option NET-1 if ordered as an upgrade (factory)

1

-

Option NET-1 if ordered as an upgrade (field)

VEHO1009 VEHO1010 VEHO1011 1

The CMC 256 can have both options, EP and NET-1, simultaneously installed.

33

Technical Data

CMC 256 Standard

with EP Option

CMC 156 Standard

with EP Option

Voltage generators/-amplifiers Setting range 4-phase ac (L-N)

Power

4 x 0 ... 300 V (VL4(t) automatically calculated: VL4 = (VL1+VL2+VL3)*C or free programmable)

-

3-phase ac (L-N)

3 x 0 ... 300 V

3 x 0 ... 125 V

3 x 0 ... 127.5 V

1-phase ac (L-L)

1 x 0 ... 600 V

1 x 0 ... 250 V

1 x 0 ... 255 V

dc (L-N)

4 x 0 ... ± 300 V

3 x 0 ... ± 125 V

3 x 0 ... ± 127.5 V

3-phase ac (L-N)

3 x 85 VA at 85 ... 300 V

3 x 50 VA at 125 V

VL4 ac (L-N)

1 x 85 VA at 85 ... 300 V

-

4-phase ac (L-N)

4 x 50 VA at 75 ... 300 V

-

1-phase ac (L-N)

1 x 200 VA at 100 ... 300 V typ. (1 x 150 VA at 75 ... 300 V guar.)

1 x 100 VA at 125 V

1-phase ac (L-L)

1 x 200 VA at 200 ... 600 V typ. (1 x 150 VA at 150 ... 600 V guar.) 1 x 100 VA at 250 V

dc (L-N)

1 x 360 W at ± 300 V 200

100

1-phase ac (L-L)

1-phase ac (L-N)

1-phase ac (L-N)

150

Output power [VA]

Output Power [VA]

1-phase ac (L-L)

3-phase ac (L-N)

0

1 x 140 VA at 255 V

1 x 90 W at ± 125 V

0

150 300 Output Voltage [V]

50

3-phase ac (L-N)

0

600

error < 0.02 % typ. (< 0.05 % guar.) at 30 ... 300 V

Output voltage [V]

250

125

Accuracy

error < 0.025 % typ. (< 0.1 % guar.) at 30 ... 300 V

error < 0.025 % typ. (< 0.1 % guar.)

error < 0.02 % typ. (< 0.05 % guar.)

Distortion (THD+N)1

< 0.015 % typ. (< 0.05 % guar.)

< 0.015 % typ. (< 0.05 % guar.)

Ranges

150 V / 300 V

125 V

Resolution

5 mV / 10 mV in range 150 V / 300 V

6 mV

Connection

4mm banana sockets/amplifier combination socket (VL1,2,3+N)

4mm banana sockets/amplifier combination socket

127.5 V

Current generators/-amplifiers

Power

6 x 0 ... 12.5 A

-

3-phase ac (L-N)

3 x 0 ... 25 A (Group A II B)

3 x 0 ... 12.5 A

1-phase ac (3L-N)

1 x 0 ... 75 A (Group A II B) 2 x 0 ... 37.5 A

1 x 0 ... 21 A

dc (3L-N)

1 x 0 ... ± 35 A (Group A II B) 2 x 0 ... ± 17.5 A

1 x 0 ... ± 30 A

6-phase ac (L-N)

6 x 70 VA at 7.5 A

-

3-phase ac (L-N)

3 x 140 VA at 15 A (Group A II B)

3 x 40 VA at 12.5 A

1-phase ac (3L-N)

1 x 420 VA at 45 A (Group A II B) 2 x 210 VA at 22.5 A

1 x 65 VA at 21 A

1-phase ac (L-L)

1 x 280 VA at 15 A (Group A II B) 2 x 140 VA at 7.5 A

1 x 75 VA at 12.5 A

1-phase ac (L1A-L1B)

1 x 280 VA at 7.5 A (40 Vrms, Group A and B in series)

-

dc (3L-N)

1 x 470 W at ± 35 A (Group A II B) 2 x 235 W at ± 17.5 A

1 x 60 W at ± 12.5 A 1-phase ac (L-N)

Output power [VA]

500 400

Group A and B in series

300

1-phase ac (L-L) 200

10

25

50 Output current [A]

1 x 75 VA at 27 A

1-phase ac (L-L) 1-phase ac (3L-N)

40

3-phase ac (L-N)

75

0

Output current [A]

12.5

21

error < 0.03 % typ. error < 0.02 % typ. (< 0.1 % guar.) (< 0.05 % guar.) < 0.025 % typ. (< 0.07 % guar.)

error < 0.02 % typ. error < 0.02 % typ. (< 0.1 % guar.) (< 0.05 % guar.) < 0.03 % typ. (< 0.07 % guar.) < 0.025 % typ. ( 150 μs

< 3 kHz at pulse width > 150 μs

Galvanic isolation

5 galvanically isolated groups (2+2+2+2+2)

2 galvanically isolated groups (4 + 6)

Max. input voltage

600 Vrms (850 Vpk)

250 Vdc

Connection

4 mm banana sockets

4 mm banana sockets or measurement combination socket

Number

2

2

Max. counting frequency

100 kHz

100 kHz

Pulse width

> 3 μs

> 3 μs

Threshold voltage

6V

6V

Voltage hysteresis

2V

2V

Max. input voltage

± 30 V

± 30 V

Isolation

SELV

SELV

Connection

16 pin combination socket (rear side)

16 pin combination socket (rear side)

Auxiliary dc supply

Binary Inputs

Counter inputs 100 kHz

Guaranteed values valid over one year within 23°C ± 5°C (73°F± 10°F), in the frequency range of 10 ... 100 Hz at nominal value, analog measurement inputs at full-scale value. Specifications for three-phase systems under symmetrical conditions (0°, 120°, 240°). 1 2

THD+N: Values at 50/60 Hz with 20 kHz bandwidth Data are valid for set value from 0.1 ... 12.5 A (current amplifier group A or B) at 50/60 Hz Permissible load current outputs: Range 1.25 A: 0 … 1 Ω and max. 1 VA, cos ϕ = 0.5 … 1 Range 12.5 A: 0 … 0.5 Ω and max. 6 VA, cos ϕ = 0.5 … 1. Permissible load voltage outputs: max. 10 VA at 50 V … full scale voltage (CMC 156: 125V/CMC 256: 300V), cos ϕ = 0.5 … 1.

35

Technical Data (continued)

CMC 256

CMC 156

Type

potential-free relay contacts, software controlled

potential-free relay contacts, software controlled

Number

4

4

Break capacity ac

Vmax: 300 Vac / Imax: 8 A / Pmax: 2000 VA

Vmax: 250 Vac / Imax: 8 A / Pmax: 2000 VA

Break capacity dc

Vmax: 300 Vdc / Imax: 8 A / Pmax: 50 W

Vmax: 300 Vdc / Imax: 8 A / Pmax: 50 W

Connection

4 mm banana sockets

4 mm banana sockets

Type

open collector transistor outputs

open collector transistor outputs

Number

4

4

Update rate

10 kHz

10 kHz

Imax

5 mA

5 mA

Connection

16 pin combination socket (rear side)

16 pin combination socket (rear side)

Measuring range

0 ... ± 10 V

0 ... ± 10 V

Accuracy

error < 0.003 % typ. (< 0.02% guar.)

error < 0.01 % typ. (< 0.05% guar.)

Input impedance

1 MΩ

1 MΩ

Connection

4 mm banana sockets

4 mm banana sockets or measurement combination socket

Measuring range

0 ... ± 1 mA, 0 ... ± 20 mA

0 ... ± 20 mA

Accuracy

error < 0.003 % typ. (< 0.02% guar.)

error < 0.01 % typ. (< 0.05% guar.)

Input impedance

15 Ω

15 Ω

Connection

4 mm banana socket

4 mm banana sockets or measurement combination socket

Type

ac + dc analog voltage inputs

-

Number

10

Nominal input ranges (rms values)

100 mV, 1 V, 10 V, 100 V, 600 V

Amplitude accuracy

error < 0.06 % typ. (< 0.15 % guar.)

Bandwidth

dc ... 10 kHz

Sampling frequency

28.44 kHz, 9.48 kHz, 3.16 kHz

Input impedance

500 kΩ // 50pF

Transient input buffer at 28 kHz

3.5 s for 10 input channels / 35 s for 1 input channel

Transient input buffer at 3 kHz

31 s for 10 input channels / 5 min. for 1 input channel

Transient trigger

threshold voltage, power quality trigger: sag, swell, harmonic, frequency, frequency change, notch

Measurement functions

Idc, Vdc, Iac, Vac, phase, frequency, power, energy, harmonics, transient recording capability for all channels

Input overload indication

Yes

Input protection

Yes

Max. input voltage

600 Vrms (850 Vpk)

Galvanic isolation

5 groups (2+2+2+2+2)

Connection

4 mm banana sockets (combined with binary inputs)

Binary outputs, relays

Binary outputs, transistor

dc voltage measuring input

dc current measuring input

Analog ac+dc measuring inputs1

Power supply Nominal input voltage

110 ... 240 Vac, 1-phase

110 ... 240 Vac, 1-phase

Permissible input voltage

99 ... 264 Vac

99 ... 264 Vac

Nominal frequency

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

Permissible frequency range

45 ... 65 Hz

47 ... 63 Hz

Power consumption

1.2 kVA at 115 V2 / 1.6 kVA at 230 V

< 600 VA

Rated current

10 A

6A

Connection

Standard ac socket (IEC 60320)

Standard ac socket (IEC 60320)

Operation temperature

0 ... +50°C (+32 ... +122°F)3

0 ... +50°C (+32 ... +122°F)

Storage temperature

-25 ... +70°C (-13 ... +158°F)

-25 ... +70°C (-13 ... +158°F)

Humidity range

Relative humidity 5 ... 95 %, non-condensing

Relative humidity 5 ... 95 %, non-condensing

Vibration

IEC 68-2-6 (20 m/s2 at 10 ... 150 Hz)

IEC 68-2-6 (20 m/s2 at 10 ... 150 Hz)

Shock

IEC 68-2-27 (15g/11ms half-sine)

IEC 68-2-27 (15g/11ms half-sine)

EMC Emission

CE conform (89/336/EEC), EN 61326-1

CE conform (89/336/EEC)

EN 50081-2, EN 61000-3-2/3, FCC Subpart B of Part 15 Class A

EN 50081-2, EN 61000-3-2/3, FCC Subpart B of Part 15 Class A

EN 50082-2, IEC 61000-4-2/3/4/5/6/11

EN 50082-2, IEC 61000-4-2/3/4/6

EN 61010-1, EN 60950+A1, IEC 61010-1, UL 3111-1, CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 1010.1

EN 61010-1, EN 60950+A1, IEC 61010-1, UL 3111-1, CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 1010.1

Environmental conditions

Immunity Safety

36

CMC 256

CMC 156

Weight

15.7 kg (34.8 lb.)

9.8 kg (21.6 lb.)

Dimensions (W x H x D, without handle)

450 x 145 x 390 mm (17.7 x 5.7 x 15.4“)

343 x 145 x 268 mm (13.5 x 5.7 x 10.6“)

PC connection

Standard: parallel port (IEEE1284-C connector) Option NET-1: Ethernet (see page 33)

parallel port (D-Sub 25 connector)

Signal indication (LED)

> 42 V for voltage outputs and AUX DC

> 42 V for voltage outputs

Connection to ground (earth)

4 mm banana socket (rear side)

-

Hardware diagnostics

Self diagnostics upon each start up

Self diagnostics upon each start up

Galvanic separated groups

The following groups are galvanically separated from each other: The following groups are galvanically separated from each mains, voltage amplifier output, current amplifier group A/B, other: mains, voltage/current amplifier output, binary input auxiliary dc supply, binary/analog input

Miscellaneous

All voltage and current generators are continuously and independently adjustable in amplitude, phase and frequency. All current and voltage outputs are fully overload and shortcircuit proof and protected against external high-voltage transient signals and overtemperature.

All voltage and current generators are continuously and independently adjustable in amplitude, phase and frequency. All current and voltage outputs are fully overload and shortcircuit proof and protected against external high-voltage transient signals and overtemperature.

TÜV-GS, UL, CUL

TÜV-GS, UL, CUL

Certifications

Guaranteed values valid over one year within 23°C ± 5°C (73°F ± 10°F), in the frequency range of 10 ... 100 Hz at nominal value, analog measurement inputs at full-scale value. Specifications for three-phase systems under symmetrical conditions (0°, 120°, 240°). 1

Only in connection with the EnerLyzer option. Up to three inputs can be used for measuring rms values without the EnerLyzer option.

2

For line input voltages below 150 V, a derating of the simultaneously available sum output power of the voltage/current amplifiers and the AuxDC will occur. All other technical specifications (e.g. the maximum output power of a single amplifier) are not affected.

3

For an operational temperature above +30°C a duty cycle of up to 50 % may apply.

CMC 151 - 1 Phase Voltage/1 Phase Current Test Set The CMC 151 test set is designed for single phase applications while incorporating the unique benefits of the CMC 156 test system. Versatility, high accuracy, automatic archiving and reporting, playback of transient signals, easy use, and lightweight are the key features of the CMC 151 test set. The specifications of a CMC 151 test device differ from a CMC 156 in the following values1: Voltage generator/amplifier Setting range

ac: 0 ... 125 V dc: 0 ... ± 125 V

Power

ac: 100 VA at 125 V dc: 90 W at ± 125 V

Current generator/amplifier Setting range

ac: 0 ... 21 A dc: 0 ... ± 21 A

Power

ac: 65 VA at 21 A dc: 80 W at 12.5 A

Timer/measuring Binary inputs

4

Weight

9.5 kg (20.9 lb.)

The operating software for controlling the CMC 151 is based on the CMC 156 software, restricted to single-mode. Optionally, the CMC 151 can be upgraded to a three-phase CMC 156 at any later stage.

CMC 151 ordering options: CMC 151 with Protection Package

VE001409

CMC 151 with Measurement Package

VE002409

CMC 151 upgrade to CMC 156

VE001010

1

Specifications are equivalent to the data given for CMC 156 standard unit in this catalog except for low level outputs (no external amplifiers supported), binary transistor outputs and counter inputs 100 kHz which are not available with the CMC 151.

37

Amplifiers The extensive range of OMICRON amplifiers The following intelligent amplifiers can be used in combination with any multiple phase CMC test set listed on the previous pages to extend the testing range and power. Up to 4 current amplifier units can be paralleled for up to 3-phase, 200 A output. The interconnection between the CMC and the amplifier units is effected by means of a control cable to be connected at the back of the units. The outputs of the amplifier units are galvanically separated from the input and the ground and can be used independently and additionally to those of the CMC 256/156 (e.g. for differential protection testing). Amplifier outputs can be configured in various ways (connected in parallel, serial, etc.).

CMA 156 - 6 Phase Current Amplifier (6 x 25 A)

VEHV1010

Recommended for tests requiring • higher currents/power in the current path. • more than 3/6 current channels (e.g. for testing 3-winding transformer differential protection). The CMA 156 contains 6 independent current channels, arranged in two isolated groups (A, B). By connecting all six current phases in parallel, for example, a power of up to 420 VA and current up to 150 A can be delivered, which allows testing a wide range of electromechanical relays.

CMA 56 - 3 Phase Current Amplifier (3 x 50 A)

VEHV0010

Recommended for tests requiring • higher currents/power in the current path • more current channels For three-phase applications the outputs provide a range of 0 to 50 A at a maximum power of 140 VA per phase. In single-phase applications an output power up to 420 VA and a current up to 150 A is possible.

VEHV1030

CMS 156 - 3 Phase V and I Amplifier (3 x 250 V, 3 x 25 A)

Recommended for tests requiring • higher current/voltage. • higher power in the voltage/current path. • up to 9 (with CMC 256) independent current phases (e.g. for testing differential relays) or • 6 independent voltage phases (e.g. for testing synchronizing devices with 6 independent voltages). • in single-phase applications an output power of up to 210 VA and currents up to 75 A is possible.

CMS 251/252 - High Power 1-/2 Phase V or I Amplifier (125 V, 12.5 A, 1500 VA)

VEHV1050/VEHV1060

The high power amplifier units CMS 251 and CMS 252 allow the testing of even the highest burden electromechanical relays of all types (overcurrent, undervoltage, ground fault relays, etc.). The single-phase CMS 251 and the two-phase CMS 252 provide dual mode amplifiers that can independently function either as a voltage source or as a current source (user selectable).

38

3

200

Current 0

0

Voltage

Current [A]

CMS 251/252 voltage [V]

Application example Required voltage waveshape for an electromechanical inverse time earth fault relay, plug-setting 0.2 A, test current: 2 A.

-3

-200 Time [ms]

10

20

Technical Data

CMA 156

CMA 56

CMS 156

CMS 251/252

Current generators/-amplifiers1 Setting range 6-phase ac (L-N)

-

-

-

3 x 0 ... 50 A (Group A II B)

3 x 0 ... 50 A

3 x 0 ... 25 A

-

2-phase ac (L-N)

-

-

-

CMS 252: 2 x 0 ... 12.5 A

1-phase ac (L-N)

1 x 0 ... 150 A (Group A II B)

1 x 0 ... 150 A

1 x 0 ... 75 A

dc (L-N)

1 x 0 ... ± 50 A

1 x 0 ... ± 25 A

6-phase ac (L-N)

2 x 0 ... ± 25 A 1 x 0 ... ± 50 A 6 x 70 VA at 7.5 A

-

-

CMS 251: 1 x 0 ... 12.5 A CMS 252: 1 x 0 ... 25 A CMS 251: 1x0 ... ± 12.5 A CMS 252: 1x0...± 25 A, 2x0...± 12.5A -

3-phase ac (L-N)

3 x 140 VA at 15 A (Group A II B)

3 x 140 VA at 15 A

3 x 70 VA at 7.5 A

-

1-phase ac (3L-N)

1 x 420 VA at 22.5 A 1 x 420 VA at 45 A (Group A II B) 1 x 280 VA at 7.5 A

1 x 420 VA at 45 A

1 x 210 VA at 22.5 A

-

1 x 280 VA at 15 A

1 x 140 VA at 7.5 A

-

dc (L-N)

2 x 140 W at ± 10.5 A 1 x 280 W at ± 21 A 1 x 280 W at ± 21 A (Group A II B)

1 x 140 W at ± 10.5 A

-

Max. output power ac (L-N) ac (L-L)

-

-

at 230 V mains: 1000 VA contin. at 8.5 A 1400 VA for t < 1 min at 115 V mains: 700 VA contin. at 8.5 A 1200 VA, t 8 kHz

> 6 kHz

1 kHz

Phase lag at 50/60 Hz

1.07°/1.28°

1.07°/1.28°

1.88°/2.26°

0.26°/0.32°

Input voltage

0 ... 5 V

0 ... 5 V

0 ... 5 V

0 ... 5 V

Amplification

5A/V

10 A / V

5A/V

2.5 A / V

15 Vpk / 30 Vpk

15 Vpk / 30 Vpk

177 Vpk / -

-

Max. compliance voltage (L-N)/(L-L) 15 Vpk / 60 Vpk Voltage generators/-amplifiers

Power

3 x 0 ... 250 V

-

2-phase ac (L-N)

-

CMS 252: 2 x 0 ... 125 V

1-phase ac (L-N)

-

1 x 0 ... 125 V

1-phase ac (L-L)

1 x 0 ... 500 V

CMS 252: 1 x 0 ... 250 V

dc (L-N)

3 x 0 ... ± 250 V

-

3 x 75 VA at 75 ... 250 V

-

1-phase ac (L-N)

1 x 150 VA at 75 ... 250 V

-

1-phase ac (L-L)

1 x 150 VA at 150 ... 500 V

-

dc (L-N)

1 x 212 W at ± (150 ... 250 V)

-

Max. output power ac (L-N) ac (L-L)

-

at 230 V mains: 1000 VA contin. at 8.5 A 1400 VA for t < 1 min at 115 V mains: 700 VA contin. at 8.5 A 1200 VA, t 40 kΩ

> 40 kΩ

> 40 kΩ

> 100 kΩ

Galvanic isolation Input/Output

1.5 kVdc

1.5 kVdc

1.5 kVdc

1.5 kVdc

Galvanic isolation amplifier groups

1.5 kVdc

-

1.5 kVdc

CMS 252: 1.5 kVdc

Connection

4mm banana sockets / amplifier combination socket

6mm banana sockets

4mm banana sockets/ amplifier combination socket

4mm banana sockets

Amplifiers, if controlled by a CMC Frequency range sine signals

10 ... 1000 Hz

10 ... 1000 Hz

10 ... 1000 Hz

10 ... 1000 Hz

range transient signals

dc ... 3.1 kHz

dc ... 3.1 kHz

dc ... 3.1 kHz

dc ... 1 kHz

accuracy/-drift

± 0.5 ppm / ± 1 ppm

± 0.5 ppm / ± 1 ppm

± 0.5 ppm / ± 1 ppm

± 0.5 ppm / ± 1 ppm

resolution

5 μHz

5 μHz

5 μHz

5 μHz

angle range

- 360° ... +360°

- 360° ... +360°

- 360° ... +360°

- 360° ... +360°

resolution

0.001°

0.001°

0.001°

0.001°

error at 50/60 Hz

< 0.02° typ. (< 0.1° guar.)

< 0.02° typ. (< 0.1° guar.)

< 0.02° typ. (< 0.1° guar.)

< 0.1° typ. (< 1° guar.)

Output voltage resolution

-

-

12 mV

6 mV

Output current resolution

1 mA

2 mA

1 mA

0.5 mA

Nominal input voltage

110 ... 240 Vac, 1-phase

110 ... 240 Vac, 1-phase

110 ... 240 Vac, 1-phase

110 ... 240 Vac, 1-phase

Permissible input voltage

99 ... 264 Vac

99 ... 264 Vac

99 ... 264 Vac

85 ... 264 Vac

Nominal frequency

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

Permissible frequency range

45 ... 65 Hz

45 ... 65 Hz

45 ... 65 Hz

45 ... 65 Hz

Power consumption

< 1000 VA

< 1000 VA

< 1000 VA

1200 VA at 115 V 1600 VA at 230 V

Connection

Standard ac socket (IEC 60320)

Standard ac socket (IEC 60320)

Standard ac socket (IEC 60320)

Standard ac socket (IEC 60320)

Operation temperature

0 ... +50°C (+32 ... +122°F)

0 ... +50°C (+32 ... +122°F)

0 ... +50°C (+32 ... +122°F)

0 ... +50°C (+32 ... +122°F)

Storage temperature

-25 ... +70°C (-13 ... +158°F)

-25 ... +70°C (-13 ... +158°F)

-25 ... +70°C (-13 ... +158°F)

-25 ... +70°C (-13 ... +158°F)

Humidity range

Relative humidity 5 ... 95 %, non-condensing

Relative humidity 5 ... 95 %, non-condensing

Relative humidity 5 ... 95 %, non-condensing

Relative humidity 5 ... 95 %, non-condensing

Vibration

IEC 68-2-6 (20 m/s2 at 10 ... 150 Hz)

IEC 68-2-6 (20 m/s2 at 10 ... 150 Hz)

IEC 68-2-6 (20 m/s2 at 10 ... 150 Hz)

-

Shock

IEC 68-2-27 (15g/11ms half-sine)

IEC 68-2-27 (15g/11ms half-sine)

IEC 68-2-27 (15g/11ms half-sine)

-

EMC

CE conform (89/336/EEC)

CE conform (89/336/EEC)

CE conform (89/336/EEC)

CE conform (89/336/EEC)

Emission

EN 50081-2, EN 61000-3-2/3, FCC Subpart B of Part 15 Class A

EN 50081-2, EN 61000-3-2/3, FCC Subpart B of Part 15 Class A

EN 50081-2, EN 61000-3-2/3, FCC Subpart B of Part 15 Class A

EN 50081-2, EN 61000-3-2/3, FCC Subpart B of Part 15 Class A

Immunity

EN 50082-2, IEC 801-2/3/4

EN 50082-2, IEC 801-2/3/4

EN 50082-2, IEC 801-2/3/4

EN 50082-2 IEC 1000-4-2/3/4/5/6/11

EN 61010-1, EN 60950+A1, UL 3111-1, CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 1010.1

EN 61010-1, EN 60950+A1, UL 3111-1, CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 1010.1

EN 61010-1, EN 60950+A1, UL 3111-1, CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 1010.1

EN 61010-1, EN 60950+A1, UL 3111-1, CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 1010.1

Weight

15.4 kg (34.0 lb.)

14.9 kg (32.9 lb.)

14.7 kg (32.4 lb.)

CMS 251: 14.8 kg (32.6 lb.) CMS 252: 18.4 kg (40.6 lb.)

Dimensions (W x H x D, without handle)

450 x 145 x 390 mm (17.7 x 5.7 x 15.4“)

450 x 145 x 390 mm (17.7 x 5.7 x 15.4“)

450 x 145 x 390 mm (17.7 x 5.7 x 15.4“)

450 x 145 x 390 mm (17.7 x 5.7 x 15.4“)

TÜV-GS, UL, CUL

TÜV-GS, UL, CUL

TÜV-GS, UL, CUL

-

Phase

Power supply

Environmental conditions

Safety

Miscellaneous

Certifications

Guaranteed values valid over one year within 23°C± 5°C (73°F± 10°F), in the frequency range of 10 ... 100 Hz at nominal value. Specifications for three-phase systems under symmetrical conditions (0°, 120°, 240°). 1 2 3

For higher current/power requirements: CMA units can be switched in parallel. THD+N: Values at 50/60 Hz with 20 kHz bandwidth. Self diagnostics of the hardware upon each start up. All current and voltage outputs are fully overload and short-circuit proof and protected against external high-voltage transient signals and overtemperature.

40

Binary Input/Output Unit CMB IO-7

VE000700

The CMB IO-7 performs testing of multi input/output devices. It is capable of providing up to 144 wet (300 Vdc) or dry input channels and/or up to 96 output channels.

CMB IO-7 rear side

Due to the high number of input/output channels complex operating conditions can be provided such as binary information for testing SCADA systems under real-time conditions. Module connector Phoenix Contact, PLUSCON-VC, 40 pins Power Supply Nominal input voltage

100 ... 240 Vac, 1- phase

Permissible input voltage

85 ... 264 Vac

Nominal frequency

50/60 Hz

Permissible frequency range

45 ... 65 Hz

Power consumption

max. 300 VA

Rated current

4A

Connection

Standard ac socket ( IEC 60320)

Aux.DC supply Output voltage ranges

0-66 / 132 / 264 Vdc at 0.8 / 0.4 / 0.2 A

Power

max. 50 W

Accuracy

full scale error < 2 % typ. (< 5 % guar.)

Connection (I/O modules)

Phoenix Contact, PLUSCON-VC, 40 pins

General Data CMB IO-7 test setup with CMC 256

Benefits • One integrated testing environment for complex test objects. • Considerable savings in time and money as a result of standardized tests and report generation. • One system ensures familiarity and thus reduces overall training costs. • System down-times are kept to a minimum with the use of multiple card connectors which facilitate the initial test wiring. Possible Configurations The CMB IO-7 Basic is the minimum configuration consisting of a CMB IO-7 with one Input Module INP1-24 and one Output Module OUT1-16. The CMB IO-7 can be configured using up to seven input or output modules. Options which can be ordered separately are: • Input Module INP1-241 [VEHZ0710] • Output Module OUT1-161 [VEHZ0720] • Output Module OUT2-161 [VEHZ0750] • Module connector [VEHZ0740] • SPP-100 parallel port PCMCIA card (see section Accessories) • CMGPS2 (see section Accessories) • Transport case with wheels (see section Accessories)

2

3

4

7 slots for IO modules (rear side)

Operation temperature

0 ... + 50 °C (+32 ... +122 °F)

Storage temperature

-25 ... + 70 °C (-13 ... +158 °F)

Humidity range

Relative humidity 5 ... 95 %, non condensing

Dimensions (W x H x D)

450 x 145 x 390 mm (17.7 x 5.7 x 15.4”)

Weight

8.7 kg (19.3 lb), 10.3 kg (22.8 lb) w. 7 modules

PC-Connection

Parallel port3

CMC interface

Synchronization with CMC 256 /156

EMC

CE conform (89/336/EEC), EN 61326-1 Emission

EN 50081-2, EN 61000-3-2/3, FCC Subpart B of Part 15 Class A

Immunity

EN 50082-2, IEC 61000-4-2/3/4/5/6/11

Safety

EN 61010-1, EN 60950, IEC 61010-1

Binary output module OUT1-16 Relay output module Number of outputs

16

Type

Potential free relay contacts (closing)

Pick-up time

appr. 6 ms

Drop-off time

appr. 2.5 ms

Break capacity ac

Vmax: 300 Vac, Imax: 8A, Pmax: 2000 VA

Break capacity dc

Vmax: 300 Vdc, Imax: 8A, Pmax: 50 W

Connection

Phoenix Contact, PLUSCON-VC, 40 pins

Output sequences

Output state reacts on input change

Binary output module OUT2-16 Solid state output module Number of outputs

16

Type

MOSFET (high side switch)

Response time

100 μs4

Voltage rating

max. 300 Vdc

Current rating

max. 100 mAdc

Galvanic isolation

4 groups (4 x 4)

Connection

Phoenix Contact, PLUSCON-VC, 40 pins

A fully equipped CMB IO-7 contains maximum 7 I/O modules (CMB IO-7 Basic + maximum 5 additional modules). Purchasers may order any combination of modules up to a maximum of seven and containing at least one INP1-24 and one OUT1-16. For each module a connector will be provided. Later module upgrades are possible.

Output sequences

Output state reacts on input change

CMB IO-7 Basic - Standard Delivery (1 INP1-24 + 1 OUT1-16) • Modules: 1 input INP1-24, 1 output OUT1-16, 2 connectors Accessories: carrying bag, power cord with plug, connecting cable to PC, connecting cable CMB to CMC, manual • Test Universe software modules: State Sequencer, Binary I/O monitor, Enerlyzer, NetSim, Pulse Ramping, Advanced TransPlay 1

Modules

Binary input module INP1-24 Number of inputs

24

Trigger criteria

Potential free or dc-voltage compared to threshold voltage up to 300Vdc

When performing end-to-end tests of line protection schemes, it is necessary to start several test sets simultaneously. The CMGPS is a GPS-based synchronization unit which is used with CMC /CMB test sets.

Input voltage range

0 ... +300 Vdc

Sampling rate

10 kHz (time resolution 100 μs)

Max. measuring time

unlimited

Second parallel port required, if CMB IO-7 is used in conjunction with a CMC 156/256.

Galvanic isolation

2 groups (12+12)

Debouncing/Deglitching

Configurable times (0 ... 25 ms)

Connection

Phoenix Contact, PLUSCON-VC, 40 pins

Overall input/output delay time: 300 μs (stand alone) 400 μs (synchronized to a CMC)

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Accessories Synchronization Unit CMGPS

VEHZ3000

When performing end-to-end tests of line protection schemes, it is necessary to start several test sets simultaneously. The CMGPS is a GPS-based synchronization unit which is used with the CMC/CMB test set. The CMGPS receives signals from the satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and provides an output at a time specified by the user. This clock output is then used as a trigger input to start the CMC test set. The CMGPS has been developed to fulfill the requirements of testing in the field, because off the shelf GPS-receivers have many drawbacks (size, weight, complicated operation, etc.). CMGPS is typically ready for operation just 5 minutes after start up. The synchronizing pulse can be configured according to the requirements of the application. The software is both integrated in the testing modules (like the State Sequencer) and also provided as a standalone application. It allows for the setting of: first output pulse, pulse rate, and polarity. Two independent timing pulses are available via separate connectors, on a 16-pin plug (Pulse out 1) which is connected to the CMC test set (ext. interf.) and on two 4 mm banana plugs (Pulse out 2). Specifications Pulse Out 1

Environmental conditions

Type

CMOS-output

Operating temperature

0 ... +50 °C (+32 ... +122 °F)

Accuracy

error < ± 1 μs

Humidity range

Relative humidity 5 … 95%, non-condensing

Type

Open-collector output

Accuracy

error < ± 5 μs

Galvanic isolation

Optocoupler, isolation according to IEC 1010, Test voltage 3 kVrms

EMC Emission Immunity

CE conform (89/336/EEC) EN 50081-1 EN 50082-2, IEC 61000-4-2/3/4

Pulse Out 2

General Certifications

TÜV-GS; UL, CUL

Time till ready for operation

typ. 5 min

Weight

440 g (0.97 lb.) (CMGPS only)

Pulse polarity

positive or negative

Dimensions (W x H x D)

Pulse rate

1 … 65535 s (in steps of 1 s)

140 x 70 x 40 mm (5.5 x 2.8 x 1.6”) (CMGPS only)

Pulse width

200 ms

GPS data

Synchronization of test sets (CMB, CMC)1 error < 100 μs / < 5 μs Power supply Input voltage

8 … 30 Vdc (supplied via plug-in power supply or from test set CMC 256/CMB)

Power consumption

2.5 W

Plug-in power supply

Input: 100 … 240 Vac, 47 … 63 Hz; Output: 18 Vdc

Delivery Contents CMGPS, antenna, 15 m antenna cable, plug-in power supply, cable CMC-CMGPS, user´s manual, carrying bag OPTION: 2 x 20m antenna cable, to provide up to 40m, SMA adapters [VEHZ3003]

1

Error corresponds to amplifier output signals (voltage/current) of CMGPS synchronized test sets at configured GPS trigger event 5 μs: enhanced mode (CMC 256 only + State Sequencer)

VEHZ0650

Polarity Checker - CPOL

Polarity Checker checks a series of terminals for correct wiring (replacement for battery checking method). A special continuous test signal (voltage or current) is injected at one point with the CMC. Then the polarity at all terminals can be checked with CPOL as shown below. Following this procedure provides a clear indication as to whether the polarity is OK (green LED) or not (red LED). This procedure is much faster than the conventional method and can easily be performed by a single person. The polarity checker utility comes with Test Universe Software 2.0 and is enabled by the optional CPOL polarity checker hardware accessory. S1

S1

S2

S2 :-)

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:-(

Meter Accessories CMLIB B set

VEHZ1102

CMLIB B provides a simple way to make the connections from the CMC to the meter under test and/or a reference meter. There are numerous types of meters with various ways of producing the counting pulses. The use of a dual function photoelectric scanning head is the most universal method of interfacing these differing types of counting pulses. CMLIB B was designed to make this interface simply “plug-and-test”. The CMLIB B set comprises: CMLIB B, connection cable to CMC units, connection cable CMLIB B to reference meter, and a power supply. CMLIB B provides the following connection terminals: • 16-pin LEMO socket to connect CMLIB B to the External Interface of a CMC 256 or CMC 156 • One 2-pin socket for connecting the power supply • Two 5-pin-LEMO sockets to connect to a scanning head (TK323 or TVS6.15/1) and/or to a reference meter´s pulse output • Five banana sockets (1-4 plus N) providing access to the transistor outputs of a CMC 256/156 • Two banana sockets (fin, fRef) for connecting pulses from a meter under test and/or a reference meter to a CMC test set (as an alternative to the 5-pin LEMO sockets)

Scanning heads

TK323: VEHZ2005, TVS6.15/1: VEHZ2004

The photoelectric scanning head TK323 is suitable for scanning of all known rotor marks of Ferraris meters and for scanning of LED´s up to the infrared wavelength range. It includes a spiral cable for the connection to a CMLIB B. For electronic meters with optical pulse outputs the magnetic scanning head TVS6.15/1 (dia. 32 mm, 1,3”) is available. It can be used on most electronic meters. TVS6.15/1

Other scanning heads may be utilized at the user´s discretion. For scanning heads which require a 7-pin Tuchel-connector, the adapter-cable Tuchel-Lemo is available. The CMLIB B works with these alternatives as well.

TK323

CMLIB A - Low level signal connector

VEHZ1105

CMLIB A can be used for tapping the analog low level signal outputs of a CMC and/or for connecting with the control inputs of amplifiers like CMA 156 and CMS 156. Applications: • Connection of the low level signal outputs of a CMC to a relay with low level signal inputs (unconventional transformer, Rogowski) • Connection of any external amplifiers (which do not have an OMICRON connection socket) to the CMC low level signal outputs • Connection of OMICRON amplifiers to any controlling sources (which do not have an OMICRON connection socket) • Easy additional tapping of the signals between the CMC test set and OMICRON amplifiers The CMLIB A standard delivery contains the following connection material: • 16-pin "CMC" connection terminal to connect CMLIB A to the generator outputs of a CMC 156 (Gen. Out 7-12) or to a CMC 256 (LL out 1-6) • 16-pin "Amplifier" connection terminal to connect CMLIB A to external amplifiers Accessories: connection cables can be ordered separately • BNC to BNC [VEHK0008] • BNC to 4mm banana cables [VEHK0005] (note: ordering number includes 1 cable)

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Accessories Automated Switching Box CM ASB2

VEHZ1200

CM ASB2 allows for easier testing of relays with higher current or power requirements. Main applications: • Testing the I>> element (with e.g. 50 A) of an overcurrent relay per phase by paralleling the outputs of the CMC 256 • Switching up to 4 current outputs of the CMC 256 in series to gain four times higher voltage in the current path (e.g. for testing distance, electromechanical relays). • Using a CMS 252 (1 x I, 1 x U) without re-wiring when changing phases. The relay can be connected in a standard three-phase manner to CM ASB2, which is connected to the CMC using a single control cable. Any 1- or 2-phase faults can be switched with the box. CM ASB2 is supported by the following modules: Manual control • Quick CMC • State Sequencer • Ramping • Advanced TransPlay

Automatic control • Advanced Distance • Distance • Autoreclosure • VI starting • Overcurrent

Current Clamp C-Probe 1

VEHZ4000

C-Probe 1 is an active ac and dc current probe with voltage output. It is the recommended accessory for measuring currents with the CMC 256 (EnerLyzer). 2 measuring ranges: Frequency range: Accuracy: Phase error: Size:

10 A and 80 A dc to 10 kHz error < 2 % for currents up to 40 A and frequencies up to 1 kHz