Oman Subsurface Stratigraphy 1

OMAN SUBSURFACE STRATIGRAPHY

DANIAN

61.0 65.0

F68

MAASTRICHTIAN 71.3

596

CAMPANIAN

LATE SANTONIAN CONIACIAN

90

120

F61

99.0

F57

ALBIAN

EARLY

121.0

127.0

130

HAUTERIVIAN

648

F55

578

F54

850

F52

132.0

VALANGINIAN

140

137.0

BERRIASIAN

MESOZOIC

TITHONIAN

180

150.7

LATE

KIMMERIDGIAN

159.4

4009

BATHONIAN 169.2

B

4191

F45

BAJOCIAN AALENIAN

176. 5 180.1

PLIENSBACHIAN

2262

SINEMURIAN

200

RHAETIAN

210

TRIASSIC

230

Salil Condensed section? Jubaila

OLENEKIAN INDUAN

250

UFIMIAN-KAZANIAN KUNGURIAN

PERMIAN

L

220

244.8

2351

1095

Upper Khuff

248.2

256.0 260.0

FZA

2252

Middle & Upper Gharif

SAKMARIAN

Al Khlata P1

CARBONIFEROUS

PALAEOZOIC

Khuff

Submarine volcanics in Saih Hatat area

Intra- Gharif Shales

Al Khlata Rahab Shale

Gharif shale

Al Khlata Rahab Shale

Al Khlata Al Khlata

300

2159

AP5

Al Khlata P9

AP4

310 320

?

NAMURIAN 327. 0

330

C10

E

TOURNAISIAN

L

Thermal doming and erosion in northern and eastern Oman preceding break-up of Gondwana

Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous AP8: 149 -92 Ma

360

FAMENNIAN

AP4 AP3

FRASNIAN

370

Misfar

DEVONIAN

M

391.0

2121

390

D20 Misfar Shale

400

400.0

D10

410

LOCKHOVIAN

SILURIAN

420

PRIDOLIAN LUDLOVIAN

S20

417.0 419.0

420

423.0

WENLOCKIAN 428.0

Early to Late Jurassic AP7: 149 -92 Ma

430

Sahmah

1003

LLANDOVERIAN

S10

440 L

450

ASHGILLIAN 449. 0

ORDOVICIAN

M

464.0

AP2

1005

Hasirah

Gondwana glaciation

O40

460

1098

Mafic intrusions Huqf area

O30

Saih Nihayda

LLANVIRNIAN 470.0

Safiq Shale

470

Safiq

480

Ghudun

Mahwis

CM20*

Miqrat

?

ATDABANIAN 521.0

540

TERMINAL NEO PROTEROZOIC

CM10*

Ara

Karim Shale

Buah

PC20*

Shuram

Ara Athel

Ara

Ara Salt

Formation NE-SW trending Salt Basins in an orogenic retro-arc setting

Ara Silicilyte, Shale Carb stringers

Birba

550

Buah

Buah/ Shuram

560

'VENDIAN'

Khufai

580 Masirah Bay

PC10* Abu Mahara

590 600

600.0

610

610

620

620

630

630

640

640

Oil + conden- Non Ass. Gas Seals to sate Exp IP as Exp IP as per booked per Feb 2001 Feb 2001 reserves as per Feb 2001

Source rock data from RKTR84.099 and Terken et al. 1999

Good 2000 x106m3

670

500 x109m3

200 accumul. < 20 accumul.

1000 x106m3

250 x109m3

< 400 x106m3

< 100 x109m3

Thin/Marginal

Oil generation histories for the different source rocks in Oman (scale oil generation rate 70 - 0 kg/m2/Ma)

680

Ghaba and South Oman Salt Basins (Huqf SR)

690

Rim basin (West margin of GSB, Dhahaban SR) Fahud Salt Basin (Dhahaban SR)

700

‘Mirbat Sst.’

Foreland Basin (Diyab/Hanifa SR) 710

710

Ghadir Manqil

Extension of composite basement terrain

Foreland Basin (Shuaiba and Natih SR)

Volcanics Sturtian Glacial Epoch

720 'RIPHEAN'

720

Gas generation histories for the different source rocks in Oman (scale dry gas generation rate 1.5 - 0 kg/m2/Ma)

730

Ghaba and South Oman Salt Basins (Huqf SR)

740

Rim basin (West margin of GSB, Dhahaban SR) Fahud Salt Basin (Dhahaban SR)

750

STURTIAN

Foreland Basin (Diyab/Hanifa SR) 760

760

770

770

780

780

790

790

800

800

AMIN FM.

PLAYA

AEOLIAN SANDS

N

Foreland Basin (Shuaiba and Natih SR)

ALLUVIAL FAN

STRUCTURAL HIGHS DEFORMED HUQF AND NIMR GROUPS

BRAID DELTA PLATFORM

BRAID PLAIN

AMIN CGL SST MBR

BRAID DELTA FRONT

SHELF

AL BASHAIR MBR MABROUK MBR

BARIK SST MBR

Al Noor Fm. (QANO)

mid-Permian to Early Jurassic AP6: 255 -182 Ma

Late Carboniferous to mid-Permian AP5: 295 -255 Ma

Ara Group (Precambrian-Cambrian) Depositional Model.

Athel Fm. (QAAT) /'U' Fm. (QAUU)

AP1

660

700.0

MIQRAT FM.

S

Dhahaban Fm. (QADB)

Gaskiers Glacial Epoch

650

POST STURTIAN

CRYOGENIAN

NEOPROTEROZOIC

Haima (Cambrium to Ordovician) Depositional Model.

Karim Fm. (HNKA)

Regional subsidence related to depression of lithosphere associated with subduction of oceanic crust under northeast margin of Arabian plate

Khufai

750

Barik Mbr. (HMAAB)

Haradh Fm. (HNHA)

Najd strike slip fault tectonics (570 - 530 Ma)

570

590

740

Andam Fm. (HMAA)

Buah

MARINOAN

730

Modified from : Reading, H.G. (1986) Sedimentary Environments and Facies, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. pp.615.

Volcanics

565. 0

700

Varved lacustrine muds

Haradh Siltst.

Karim

Karim

EDIACARAN

Grounding line / sequence boundary

Sublacustrine outwash

'Angudan unconformity'

Haradh

543.0

600

Delta foreset

Amin Fm. (HMAN)

AP1

530

NEMAKITDALDYNIAN

Supra glacial

Mabrouk Mbr. (HMAAM)

Miqrat siltst.

Amin

AP2

Haradh 530.0

Floating Ice tongue

Mahwis Amin

520

TOMMOTIAN

Local grounded icesheet

Instable slopes, turbidites

Miqrat

510

512.0

Ice pushed ridges

Fluvial /alluvial sand and gravel

Mahwis Fm. (HMMA) /Miqrat Fm. (HMMQ)

NIMR*

Amin

509.0

517.0

540

Glaciofluvial outwash plain

Barakat Mbr. (HMAAK)

Mabrouk Shale Barik

500

Miqrat

CM30*

Barik

BOTOMIAN

E

Glacial-related deposits in and around lakes.

Lodgement / melt out till

ARA (QA)

CAMBRIAN

TOYONIAN

Al Khlata (Permo-Carboniferous) Depositional Model

Ghudun Fm. (HMGD)

Harweel Platfor m (HP)

Birba Fm. (QABB)

Eastern Flank

Birba Platform (BP)

Athel Trough Base Level

HST

A5 Buah Fm. (QNBH) LST

Shuram Fm.(QNSH)

NAFUN (QN)

Al Bashair

498.0

506.0

530

690

P9 Mbr. (HSAL9)

Rain out till

O10*

490

Barik

AMGAN

680

P5 Mbr. (HSAL5)

Basement

HUQF SUPERGROUP (Q)

1108

MAYAN

M

670

Middle Mbr. (HSGHM) Lower Mbr. (HSGHL)

Sub glacial

O20

Mabrouk

Base Level

HST

Khufai Fm. (QNKI)

A4 Masirah Bay Fm.** (QNMB)

Late Devonian to Late Carboniferous AP4: 364 -295 Ma

200m

500

AKSAYAN SAKSIAN AYUSOKKANIA

490.0

Ghudun

Barakat

Panafrican orogeny: accretion of island arcs and microcontinents

L

660

Gharif (Permian) Depositional Model (Robertson)

Al Bashair Mbr. (HMAAA)

TREMADOCIAN

490

650

L BERRIASIAN RAYDA

P1 Mbr. (HSAL1)

ARENIGIAN

E 485.0

580

450

1012

458.0

LLANDEILIAN

Sahmah Shale

AP3

CARADOCIAN

570

LEKHWAIR

HABSHA SALI N

144 (HAQ ET AL 1998)

PELAGIC CARBONATES AND CHERTS

Saih Nihayda Fm.(HFSN)

MAHATTA HUMAID

E

443.0

560

HAUTERIVIA N VALANGINIAN

132 135

ARGILLACEOUS CARBONATE SLOPE DEPOSITS

Hasirah Fm.(HFHR)

EIFELIAN

L

550

KHARAIB

Upper Mbr. (HSGHU)

Al Khlata Fm. (HSAK)

380

380.0

412.0

520

126.5

SHUAIBA

APTIA N BARREMIAN

HD & MVS 2000

Gharif Fm. (HSGH)

GIVETIAN

410

510

121

LAGOONAL (OCC. ARGILLACEOUS) CARBONATES

Sahmah Fm.(HFSM)

PRAGHIAN

480

PLATFORM CARBONATES

NAHR UMR

Lower Mbr. (PTKFL)

Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic AP9: 92 -63 Ma

D30

364.0

400

470

KEROGENOUS CHALKS

112

Khuff Fm.(PTK)

350

?

?

354.0

E

460

ALBIAN

MARGINAL MARINE TO CONTINENTAL SANDS

Lower Mbr. (DMASL)

NATIH

99

SHALES

'Hercynian Orogeny'? NW-SE compression

340

342.0

EMSIAN

440

TURONIAN CENOMANIAN

VISEAN

370.0

430

M A 89 93.5

Middle Mbr. (PTKFM)

Break-up of Gondwana and opening Neotethys development of passive margin in North Oman

Basal Khuff Shale

315.0

M

(DZ)

FARS Intra Khuff Shales

Gharif

P10

Base Cretaceous Unconformity

Jilh Fm.(PTJL)

Sudair Shale

290

Al Khlata P5

WESTPHALIAN

390

Khuff

Khuff

280

Al Khlata Rahab

2165 304.0

Sudair

Gharif

270

B A

STEPHANIAN

Sudair

260

Lower Gharif

200m

HABSHA N Fm

SALIL Fm

Upper Mbr. (DMASU)

Jilh

TR30 TR20 P40TR10 P20P30 AP6 AP5

100K m

Upper Mbr. (PTKFU)

Haushi lmst

2190

2141

Lower Khuff

SHUAIBA Fm

KHARAIB Fm LEKHWAIR Fm

PLATFORM EDGE / SLOPE CARBONATES

TR50

250

Middle Khuff

2103

NAHR Umr Fm

Sudair Fm.(PTSD)

240

Sudair

Central Oman

Base Aruma Unconformity

NATIH Fm

Dhruma Fm.(DMDR)

Uplift related to failed attempt to open Indian Ocean?

TR40

2370

S Oman Mountains

Tuwaiq Fm.(DMTW)

TR70

230

Jilh

300 310

Mafraq Shale

TR80

Prograding muddy delta

RAYDA Fm

Mafraq Fm. (DMAS)

'Minjur'

Flexural bulge Uplift of former shelf edge, erosion down to at least Permian (Wasia-Aruma break)

Habshan Fm. (THHB)

TR60

269.0

E

Mafraq

Z

N

Rayda Fm. (THRA) Jubaila Fm. (DMJU) Hanifa Fm. (DMHF)

Early Cenozoic to latest Eocene AP10: 63 -34 Ma

210

290.0

380

Mafraq

ar

Lower to Middle Cretaceous Carbonate Platform

Salil Fm. (THSL)

AP7 J10 AP6

190

2241

ASSELIAN

370

180

Sc

ar

Z

Z

Z

Lekhwair Fm. (THLE)

200

ARTINSKIAN

290

340

Dhruma

Z

Permian-Mid Cretaceous stable platform succession

a Mbr. (WANAA) b Mbr. (WANAB) c Mbr. (WANAC) d Mbr. (WANAD) e Mbr. (WANAE) f Mbr. (WANAF) g Mbr. (WANAG)

Natih Fm. (WANA)

Uplift related to break-away of India followed by development passive margin along eastern Oman and collapse of North Oman margin

? Hanifa chalk

Z

Z

Fiqa Fm. (ARFQ)

Shuaiba Fm. (THSU) Kharaib Fm. (THKH)

J20

Upper Mafraq

Arada Mbr. (ARFQA)

Shuaiba chalk

Rayda Lmst

J40

Z

Fault reactivated Pre-Permian basement

Nahr Umr Fm. (WANU)

Salil Arg. Lmst

Rayda

170

Dhruma

7

282.0

330

Rayda

Z

p

Sc

50 to 100km

Basal Nahr Umr

J30

5

227. 4

252.1

280

360

160

Tuwaiq

2255

TATARIAN

L

320

Mes.Clast.

234.3

EARLY

270

Lekhwair

AP8 J100 AP7 J90J80 J70 J60 J50

Hanifa

241.7

260

Kharaib

K10

150

Arab?

5

2247

209.6

ANISIAN

240

Hawar Arg. Lmst Lekhwair Arg. Lmst Mes.Clast.

Shammar Mbr. (JRRHM)

m

p

Shargi Mbr. (ARFQS)

Collision of oceanic subduction complex with Arabian plate

J110

3

220.7

MIDDLE

350

140

Habshan

Intr. Shuaiba Shale

Shuaiba

K30 K20

CARNIAN LADINIAN

Natih

K70 K60 K50 K40

Fiqa Shale

205.7

NORIAN

LATE

220

Intra-Natih Shale Nahr Umr Shale

Shuaiba

130

Lower Mafraq

F30

2242

Natih

K90

120

Kharaib

B

201.9

HETTANGIAN

'Mesozoic clastics'

A

189. 6 195.3

Shuaiba

Rayda

late Eocene to Present AP11: 34 -0 Ma

Emplacement of nappes, NE-SW extension related to downbending crust Development of foreland basin Regional uplift and erosion related to flexural bulge

Natih b&e chalk

K80

3

TOARCIAN

EARLY

110

Lekhwair

9

AP9 K140 K130 AP8 K120 K110

100

Nahr Umr

7 3 7 3

7 3

Fiqa Shale

K100

3 7

A

164.4

MIDDLE

F47

Natih

3

7

4214

CALLOVIAN

190

9 7-5

F51

154.1

OXFORDIAN

JURASSIC

170

90

F53

144.2

160

Fiqa Shargi

F56

571

APTIAN

K160 K150

Slu

Simsima Fm. (ARSM)

K170

80

112.2

BARREMIAN

150

Fiqa Arada

F66 F65

F62

93.5

Shammar Shale

70

F67

?

89.0

AP9

K180

F687 F685 F683

F64

85.8

AP10

Middle Mbr. (JRRHM)

m

(HF)

110

CENOMANIAN

802

83.5

60

Simsima

Shammar Shale

Slu

Z

SAFIQ

CRETACEOUS

TURONIAN

522

Shammar

'Laramide' orogenic phase, NW-SE shortening: oblique obduction in East related to northward movement of India .

PG10

Oman mountain front

Rapidly eroding tropical landmass

Upper Mbr. (JRRHU)

UER Fm (JRRH)

Ponded turbidites in foreland basin

Coastal and shoal shell banks, ?tidal currents hardgrounds

UPPER

E

SELANDIAN

UER

Ferruginous crusts and nodules

CRETACEOUS

PALEOCENE

L

57.9

PG20

50

RUS

F73-F74 F72 F71 1 2

YPRESIAN THANETIAN

70

100

Damman

49.0

Unstable muddy shelf floor

LOWER

LUTETIAN

40

Damman

NE Coastal Siliciclastics

(JR)

F76 F75

41.3

SW

Damman Fm. (JRDM) Rus Fm. (JRRU)

HADRAMAUT

37.0

'Clastics, Evaporites' (DZFC)/'Taqa Fm. (DZTA)

(AR)

M

AP10

WASIA

BARTONIAN

Uplift and folding of Oman Mountains NE-SW compression related to Zagros continentcontinent collison

PG30 AP11

33.7

KAHMAH

RUPELIAN PRIABONIAN

Taqa Shale

30

(Modified After Robertson, 1987)

Volcanic Intrusions north edge Oman Mountains

NG23

ARUMA

F77

20

NG40 NG30 NG20

(WA)

23.8 28.5

E

Note: Fars lithologies schematic!

Formation/Member (Regeo code)

(Super)Group

(TH)

Fars 'clastics & evaporites

20.5

CHATTIAN

L

Fars Taqa

Gas Gen.

SAHTAN

L

F78

Oil Gen.

(DM)

10

14.8 16.4

Hydrocarbons Seals Source Oil Gas Rocks

(PT)

BURDIGALIAN

(* = time shifted

AKHDAR

LANGHIAN

Sharland et al. 2001

PDO

(HS)

SERRAVALLIAN

AGE (Ma)

)

54.8

80

S

11.2 M

E

60

N

HAUSHI

OLIGOCENE

Micropal.

(HM)

50

Palyn.

0.01 1.8 3.6 5.3 7.1

TORTONIAN

AQUITANIAN

EOCENE

40

TERTIARY PALEOGENE

30

PIACENZIAN ZANCLEAN

MESSINIAN L

E

CENOZOIC

20

L E

CALABRIAN

PICK (Ma)

(HN)

10

MIOCENE

NEOGENE

PLIOCENE

AGE

Palaeogeography of the Continental Margin in Oman Early Campanian (Fiqa) times

(MF)

HOLOCENE PLEISTOCENE

MISFAR

EPOCH

Composite Stratigraphic Column

LST Base Level

ABU MAHARA (QB)

PERIOD QUATERNARY

Palaeogeographic Maps (Sharland et al. 2001)

Geological Events

HAIMA SUPERGROUP (H)

ERA

Petroleum Geology

Gondwana glaciation

AGE (Ma)

Sequence Stratigraphy

Time Stratigraphy

Biozonation

Undifferentiated!

Geological Timescale

‘Mirbat Sandstone’ HST

Ghadir Manqil Fm. (QBGM)

A3

Base Level

LST Base Level

HST

A2

Base Level

LST

Basement (BM)

Sea Level

HST

A1

* Nimr Gp. previously in Haima Supergroup ** Masirah Bay Fm. previously in Abu Mahara Gp.

B-1 Marker

Top Buah

By Henk Droste, July 2001 with contributions from Pieter. Spaak, Peter Osterloff, Joachim Amthor, Juma Al Belushi, Hisham Al Siyabi, John Grotzinger and Mohammed Al Tonbary. Time scale adapted from: The Geological Society of America 1999 timescale compiled by Palmer, A.R. and Geissman, J.. Sources for nomenclature and ages: primarily from Gradstein, F., and Ogg, J., 1996, Episodes, v. 19, nos, 1&2; Gradstein, F., et al., 1995, SEPM Special Pub. 54, p. 95128;Berggren, W.A., et al., 1995 SEPM Special Pub. 54, p. 129-212; Basal Ordovician ages adapted from Landing, E., 1998, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 35, p. 329-338; and Davidek, K., et al., 1998 Geological Magazine, v. 135, p 305-309. Cambrian age picks and nomenclature and Neo Proterozoic nomenclature from Braiser 1999 (Internal PDO report)

ARA GROUP CYCLES

Massive Anhydrite

Shallow Ponds

Cross-lam. and lam. Mudstones to

Shallow subtidal

A6 Late Ordovician (c. 445 Ma)

Salt

Diamictite

Limestone deep water

Shale

Silicilyte

Dolomite

Sandstone

Tuff

Marl

Siltstone

Igneous/Metamorphic Basement

Conglomerate

A5 A4

A3

Source rock potential

Deep

Grainstones

10’s to 150 m

Limestone shallow water

Setting Shallow

LEGEND:

Anhydrite

Lithology

Deeper subtidal (below wavebase)

Sapropelic Laminites ; occ . Thrombolites

A2 Dissolution Residue

Early Cambrian to Late Ordovician AP2: 520-445 Ma)

Huqf Supergroup Regional and Reservoir Stratigraphy

Massive Anhydrite

A1 A 1

Halite

Oman Petroleum Systems 57o

55o

LEGEND

**

*

Cambrian Tectonostratigraphic Evolution of the South Oman Salt Basin

MZ & TT kitchen areas 22o

Shuaiba/Hanifa SR ? * Tuwaiq Natih SR

(Schematic from seismic )

*

Huqf and/or Q SR * Huqf / Q mix * Huqf * BQ *

*

Shallow Ponds

*

*

*

*

Ghudun - Khasfah - High

South Oman Salt Basin Angudan missing overburden

* **

?

Natih

*

late Precambrian to Early Cambrian AP1: 610-520 Ma)

3

*

? +

20

*

Athel, Buah, U, Shuram

Migration paths

*

Fields / Shows Gas Fields

+

+

PZ kitchen areas Huqf SR o

Eastern Flank

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

* ** *

* **

*

*

*

+

?

+

3) Base Ordovician (490 million years)

+

2

*

+

+

+

+

?

+

+

+

+

+ +

++ +

+ +

+

18o

late Precambrian c. 715- c.610 Ma)

Mahwis/Amin

Ara Clastics

Nimr Clastics

Ara Salt

+

+

+

2) Base Cambrian (543 million years)

+

Athel

+

Nafun +

Ghadir Manqil

+

+

Basement

+ +

+ +

+ +

+

+

1

+ + +

+

Masirah Bay

Ara Carbonate

100 km

+

+ +

1) Top Nafun (~550 Ma)

+

+

+

PDO Drawing No.: 104126 PC