OliverosChristian Laboratory Activity No. 2

 

Name: Oliveros,Christian Joy, M.  

Section: BSP-13

Date: September 18,2021

THE CELL

Draw the plant cell and animal cell. Label its parts. Make one label only at the center of the two cells so as to differentiate the presence or absence of cell parts.

 

Name: _____________________ Section: ________________ Date: _____________ 

Enumerate the parts of a typical cell and give its description and its functions. Definition and Function of the Plant Cell 1. Cell Membrane Membrane - Cell Cell membranes membranes protect protect and and organize organize cells. All All cells have have an outer outer plasma membrane that regulates not only what enters the cell, but also how much of  any given substance comes in. 2. Cell Cell Wall Wall - This is the rigid rigid outermos outermostt layer of a plant plant cell. cell. It mak makes es the cell cell stiff  -providing the cell with mechanical support - and giving it protection. 3. Cytoplasm Cytoplasm - Jelly-like Jelly-like substance, substance, where chemical chemical reactions reactions happen. 4. Nuclear Nuclear Membra Membrane ne – The nucle nuclear ar envelope envelope is a barrier barrier that separates separates the nu nuclea clearr contents from the surrounding cytoplasm in plant and other eukaryotic cells. 5. Nucl Nucleu euss - The The nucl nucleu euss is resp respon onsi sibl blee for for cont contro roll llin ing g an and d regu regula lati ting ng the the cell cell's 's functions such as development and metabolism as well as carrying the genes. 6. Ribosomes Ribosomes - A ribosome ribosome is a micro-machine micro-machine that produces produces proteins. proteins. Spe Special cial proteins proteins and nucleic acids make up ribosomes 7. Rough Rough Endoplasm Endoplasmic ic Reticul Reticulum um – The rough rough ER's job is to provide provide a loca location tion for ribosomes to create proteins, and proteins are one of the most critical components of  a cell. 8. Vacuole Vacuoless – Plant Plant vacuoles vacuoles are huge huge compartm compartments ents th that at occupy occupy a major por portion tion of  plant cells up to 90%. 9. Smooth Smooth Endopla Endoplasmic smic Reticul Reticulum um – The rough ER is involved involved in the manufactu manufacture, re, folding, quality control, folding, control, and dispatch dispatch of certain certain proteins, proteins, and is studded studded wit with h millions of membrane bound ribosomes. 10. Endoplas Endoplasmic mic Reticul Reticulum um – Protein Proteinss enter enter the end endome omembr mbrane ane system system thro through ugh the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is also involved in lipid generation and storage. 11. Chloroplast Chloroplast - Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the most important function function of chloroplasts. Fatty acid and amino acid production are among the activities they perform. 12. Golgi Body - also known as a Golgi apparatus, apparatus, is a cell organelle organelle that helps process process and pack package age prote proteins ins an and d lipid lipid mole molecu cules les,, espe especia ciall lly y prote protein inss desti destined ned to be exported from the cell.

 

13. Mitochondria Mitochondria - Mitochondria are a type of mitochondria mitochondria found in eukaryotic cells. The primary function of mitochondria is cellular respiration.

Definition and Function of the Animal Cell 1.

Name: ________________________

Section: _____________

Date: _______ 

 

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY MATERIALS NEEDED: Microscope Iodine Solution Toothpicks 2 pcs. Glass slide and cover slips Onion bulb CYTOLOGY The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. It is the common denominator of all living things. The size and form of the cells vary, but each kind is fairly uniform in a given species of animal. The study of cells is called CYTOLOGY . For much cytological study with a microscope, cells or group of cells are killed and fixed by chemical reagents or frozen, cut into sections, mounted on glass slides, and stained to differentiate the parts. PLANT CELL FRESH MOUNT, PLANT CELL Peel off a small thin layer of the onionskin and spread it on a glass slide. Put a drop of iodine solution, and cover with a cover slip. Focus first using the scanner objective then shift to LPO. Examine a cell under HPO. Observe the tiny structures inside the nucleus of the cell. Draw two cells under the LPO and one cell under the HPO. Label the following parts: cell wall, cytoplasm and nucleus. Under HPO label the nuclear membrane, chromatin material and nucleolus.  

Plant Cell, Fresh Mount LPO

Plant Cell, Fresh Mount HPO

 

ANIMAL CELL FRESH MOUNT, ANIMAL CELL Gently scrape the inner lining of your cheek with the blunt end of the toothpick. Spread this on a glass slide then put a drop of iodine solution and cover with a cover slip. There seems to be nothing on the toothpick but there are plenty of tiny cells attached to it. Focus under the scanner then LPO. Take note of the shape of the cells. Study a cell under HPO. Compare this cell with the plant cells previously seen. Draw two animal cells under the LPO and label the following parts: cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Draw one cell under the HPO and label the above parts including the nuclear membrane, chromatin materials and nucleolus.

Animal Cell, Fresh Mount LPO

Animal Cell, Fresh Mount HPO

 

Name: _____________ _____________________ ____________ ____ Section: ____________ ______________ __ Date: ____________  ____________ 

QUESTIONS: CYTOLOGY 1. Using LPO, LPO, what parts of of the cell cell were seen and and identified? identified? Under Under HPO? HPO?

LPO- The only parts seen under LPO was the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. In the LPO the cells were farther and you could only see a few organelles.

HPO- Under the HPO, the parts of the cell that were seen were the cell membrane, nuclear membrane, and cytoplasm, the chromatin materials inside the nucleus, and the nucleolus

 

2. Differen Differentiat tiatee an animal animal from from a plant plant cell cell on the basis basis of: of: Animal Cell

Plant Cell

a. Shape -Animal -Animal cells cells are mostly mostly round round and irregular irregular in shape shape while plant cells cells have fixed, rectangular shapes.

b. Size - Animal Animal cells cells range range from 10 to 30 micrometers micrometers in length, w while hile plant plant cells range from 10 and 100 micrometers in length

3. What are the parts present in animal cell absent in plant cell and vice-versa? -Animal cells each have a centrosome and lysosomes, whereas plant cells do not. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells do not.

4. What is the purpose of iodine solution in preparing fresh mounts of cells? - In addition to making slides easier to examine, iodine is often used as a starch indicator in science experiments. When iodine is introduced to a substance that contains starch, it will turn to a dark blue or blue-black hue.

Name: _____________________ Section: _________ Date: Date: __________ 

CELL DIVISION For a study of animal mitosis, get a prepared slide of whitefish blastula or the uterus of  Ascaris and examine this under HPO. Identify all the stages of mitosis and the parts of the cell. Identify the centriole, asters and cleavage furrow, which cannot be seen in plant mitosis. Draw a cell undergoing interphase. Label the parts.

 

INTERPHASE 

Draw the cell undergoing the different stages of mitosis. Label the parts

 

Name Na me:: __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __

Se Sect ctio ion: n: __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ _

Date Date:: __ ____ ____ ____ ___  _ 

 

Questions for Review: Cell Division

1. What is the the impo importan rtance ce of of cell cell divis division? ion? -Cell division is essential for the growth and development of all living creatures. Cell division is a necessary part of all living creatures' reproduction because it allows them to pass on their genetic material to their offspring

2.

What What is mitos itosis is? ? -Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells (cell division). During mitosis one cell? divides once to form two identical cells. The major purpose of mitosis is for growth and to replace worn out cells.

3. What is the the importan importance ce of of IInter nterphas phase? e? -Each cell spends over 90% of its life in the process of interphase. Without interphase there is no possible way a cell would be able to divide because there would be nothing to divide. Interphase is the period of time where the cell grows, creates necessary proteins, and most importantly duplicates its chromosomes. If the DNA was not replicated then the cell would not have the amount of needed materials to divide.

4. If an animal cell contains contains 46 chromosom chromosomes es in prophase, prophase, how many chromosomes will be present in each cell at late telophase?   -At this point, nuclear division begins, and the parent cell is divided in half, forming 2 daughter cells. Each daughter cell will have half of the original 46 chromosomes, or 23 chromosomes.

5. Do all all cells cells in the body body unde undergo rgo mitos mitosis? is? Why? Why?  

-No, because other cell not undergo mitosis like skin cell, red blood cell and etc