Old Testament Chronology Chart 1

Old Testament Chronology Chart 1000 B.C.

950

900 B.C.

850

800 B.C.

Bubasite (Libyan) Kings

21ST DYNASTY (TANITE) Sheshonk Psusennes I Amenemope Siamon Osorkon I Psusennes II

Memphite

Theban Kings

(Shishak) Osorkon II Takeloth Osorkon II Sheshonk II Sheshonk III

Egypt solid yellow UNITED ISRAEL

KINGDOM OF JUDAH

Amaziah Joel

Sheshonk sacks Jerusalem and exacts tribute from Rehoboam

Joash Ath aliah Ahaziah Jehor am

David Jehoshaphat

Nathan Gad

Asa

Job

Abijam

Solomon Rehoboam Temple of Solomon completed

KINGDOM OF ISRAEL Jeroboam Ahijah

Hiram of Tyre

Nadab Baasha Jehu

Shallum Zechariah Amos Jonah

Elisha

Elah Zimri Tibni Omri

Jeroboam II Jehoash Jehoahaz

Ahaziah Joram Ahab Elijah

Founding of Samaria by Omri

Jehu

Canaan solid orange Ben-hadad II

Hadad of Zobah

Ben-hadad I

Hazael

Tabrimmo n Hezion

Moabite stone

Rezon

Syria

[Jeroboam II: Ben-hadad III

Aram dark solid violet Damascus light solid violet

Ashurnasirp al II Shalmaneser III

Jonah warns Nineveh

Battle of Qarqar

Mesopotamia

Assyria dark solid brown Persia light solid brown Babylon light diagonal brown lines Parthia light vertical brown lines Homer

Founding of Carthage

Northern Mediterranean World © IRI

Macedonia light solid green Seleucids light diagonal green lines Ptolemies light vertical green lines Rome dark solid green

First Olympic games

750

700 B.C.

Kings

650

600 B.C.

Ethiopian Kings

550

500 B.C.

Saite Kings

The Cushite, Pianki (Piy), strikes Memphis

Assyria sacks Thebes

Taharga Shebitku (Shabatka) Shabako (Shabaka) Osorkon IV

Psammetichus I (Tirhakah) Tanweta mani (Tanutamen)

Cambyses conquers and occupies Egypt

Necho II

Psa mmetichus II Apries (Hophra) Amasis (Ahmose II) Jeremiah taken captive to Egypt

Sheshonk IV

Psammetichus III

Obadiah Zedekia h (Mattaniah) Jehoiachin (Many Jews exiled, Habakkuk including Ezekiel) Je hoiakim (Eliakim) Zephaniah Jehoahaz Jeremiah Lehi leaves Josiah Jerusalem Amon

Uzziah (Azariah) Isaiah Jot ham Micah Ahaz Hezekiah

Daniel taken to Babylon

Manasseh Nahum Menahem Pekahiah Peka h Hosea Hoshe a

THE JEWS RETURN AS A PERSIAN SATRAPY Haggai Zechariah Zerubbabel Rebuilding of the temple begun Temple completed Jeshua the high priest (Rule passed to high priests from Zerubbabel to Nehemiah)

Rezin dominant influence] Fall of Damascus to Tiglathpileser III

Battle of Carchemish

Tiglath- pileser III Sh almaneser V Sargon II Esarhadd on Sennacherib

Nineveh falls to Babylon Zoroaster Ashurbanipal

Nabopolassar

Cyr us Nabonidus Birth of Buddha Cam byses Belshazzar Darius I Ezekiel Jehoiachin (King of Judah in captivity) Darius the Mede Daniel Nebuchadnezzar Confucius Evil- merodach

Founding of Cyrene on African shore Founding of Abydos The founding Pythagoras Laws of Draco at Athens founded a of democracy Solon’s (one of the seven school at Crotona wise men) laws at Athens Etruscan City States Founding of Rome

Height of Etruscan culture Forum founded and seven hills connected with first pavement

Establishing of the Roman Republic Carthage conquers west Sicily

Foreign political influence in a nation is identified by a shading or line pattern that matches the color of that influential nation.

Old Testament Chronology Chart 500 B.C.

450

400 B.C.

Darius I completes a canal between the Nile and the Red Sea and codifies Egyptian law

350

Nile Delta freed from Persian rule for a brief period under Amitaios of Sais

Periods of revolt against Persian occupation with overtures to Greece

300 B.C.

250

Alexander defeats the Persians and is greeted as a deliverer and a god Euclidian Founding of Library mathematics at Alexandria Septuagint written in Alexandria Ptolemy II (Philadelphus) Ptolemy I Soter (Alexander’s general)

THE INTERTESTAMENTAL PERIOD Alexander the Great sacks Tyre and enters Jerusalem without the loss of blood

Ezra goes to Jerusalem (credited with giving the Jews “the law”) Nehemiah, the governor and cupbearer of Artaxerxes I, rebuilds the walls of Jerusalem

Judea is annexed by Ptolemy I

Malachi The Jewish high priest became sometimes acting as

Seleucus I Nicator

(Alexander’s general) Antiochus I Soter Antiochus II

Darius’s excellent road system, legal reforms, and coinage make Founding of Seleucia as his empire one of the most successful in ancient times Mesopotamian capital, Alexander defeats Persians at Issus replacing Babylon Artabanus (Artaban) kills Xerxes I and Dari us III Codomanus gains the Egyptian kingdom for seven months Arses Alexander dies at Babylon Darius I Xerxes I (Ahasureus) Artaxerxes III (Ochus) Artaxerxes I Artaxerxes II (Mnemon) Arsaces, an Iranian nomad Esther Darius II (Nothus) (Parni) chief, kills the Seleucid governor and sets up the kingdom of Parthia

Battle at Marathon Parthenon at Athens completed Birth of Euripides Birth of Plato Demosthenes Socrates Birth of Aristotle Temple of Zeus at Olympia Plato founds Academy Cimon defeats Hippocrates Trial and death of Socrates Persians Golden age of Pericles Hanno explores west African coast

Dates represent a consensus and are best taken as approximate (earlier dates may differ slightly in other chronologies).

Rome sacked by Gauls

Epicurus Epicurus opens school in Athens Philip unites Euclid in Alexandria Greece Gauls invade Aristotle opens the Lyceum Macedonia Colossus of Rhodes built Beginning of Appian Way First of the Punic Wars

200 B.C.

150

100 B.C.

50

A.D.1

Turbulent family rule—much Roman influence

Ptolemy IV Ptolemy III (Euergetes)

Ptolemy V (Philopator)

Ptolemy VI (Epiphanes)

(Philometer) Philo, a Jewish philosopher in Alexandria Cleopatra VII ascends the throne (consort to Caesar)

Egypt Seleucids defeat Egyptian Ptolemies at Paneas and annex Palestine and Phoenicia

Julius Caesar visits Judea Herod gains favor with Rome

Mattathias inspires Jewish revolt Ju das Maccabaeus Jonathan Maccabaeus Simon Maccabaeus John Hyrcanus I Greek gymnasium built in Jerusalem

Aristobulus I Alexander Jannaeus Hyrca nus II Aristobulus II Pompey enters Jerusalem and establishes a Roman protectorate

a vassal to the political rulers, a ruler of Judea

Herod’s temple begun Founding of Tiberius (named after a Roman emperor) Birth of Jesus Christ Birth of John the Baptist Herod the Great

Maccabees/Hasmonean family General period of the Dead Sea Scrolls (to A.D. 70)

Canaan (Theos) Seleucus II

Antiochus III the Great Seleucus III Soter

Antiochus V Antioc hus IV Epiphanes Seleu cus IV Demetri us I Antiochus VII

The Seleucids became the great Hellenizers of the Middle East

Syria

Phraates I

Artabanus gains control of Mesopotamia Mithradates II defeats invading Sakas Demetrius II (Sacae Nomads) captured at Babylon Mithradates II Arta banus Tiridates Mithradates I (expanded the Parthian Empire) Media captured from Seleucids by Parthians

Mark Antony invades Parthia

Mesopotamia Archimedes Earthquake destroys Rhodes Founding of Library at Pergamum Macedonia becomes Roman province Hannibal, a general of Carthage Rome defeats Antiochus III at Magnesia Hannibal crosses the Alps Third Punic War Second Sicily becomes Roman province Births of Cicero and Pompey Punic Rome annexes Spain War

Roman rule in Greece Herod crowned at Rome Octavian becomes Caesar Augustus Caesar assassinated Caesar conquers Gaul Julius Caesar born

Caesar crosses the Rubicon and civil war begins Rome invades Germany Birth of Vespasian

Northern Mediterranean World