September 1, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Zovistf mo Qflum Abnueitfrif (:0:6) =3;99:‑999 dttps;//mbi.brg/60.6007/s60900-0:6-00940-7
PFPOL BZIGIEFL
Promiatbros mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oetro lbs pfsfkorbs mo futbjûs oe Gdfef;
_ef fpliafaiñe mo lf tobrîf mol abnpbrtfnioetb plfeiciafmb y ol nbmolb mo arooeaifs sbjro lf sflum Pfjlb Bhoro6· P Potor otor Fgyoi‖Jfccbur:· Nuriol Kofe Dfrris1· Afrlbs Nbah=· Potor Mbehbr?· Isffa Hbci Yfehsbe3· Ollis Bwusu‖Mfjb7 Faoptfmb; :3 mo soptionjro mo :0:0 / Pujliafmb oe lîeof; : mo fjril mo :0:6
© Lbs futbros, jfkb liaoeaif oxalusivf mo Qpriegor Qaioeao+Jusieoss Nomif, LLA, pfrto mo Qpriegor Efturo :0:6
Zosunoe FetoaomoetosOl usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm os ociafz pfrf provoeir nuortos y losibeos pbr faaimoetos mo træesitb, porb su usb eb os ueivorsfl. Osto ostumib jusañ
motorniefr lbs promiatbros mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb oetro lbs pfsfkorbs mo futbjûs oe Gdfef abe jfso oe lf tobrîf mol abnpbrtfnioetb plfeiciafmb y ol nbmolb mo arooeaifs sbjro lf sflum.
NétbmbsQo roflizñ ue misoöb mo ostumib trfesvorsfl aufetitftivb abe 311 pfsfkorbs mo futbjusos ietorurjfebs soloaaibefmbs fl fzfr
nomifeto ue auostibefrib ostruaturfmb oe Hunfsi, Gdfef. Lbs mftbs rosultfetos so feflizfrbe abe QPQQ vorsiñe :1.0. Qo onploñ lf rogrosiñe brmiefl pfrf motorniefr lbs promiatbros mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm sogu rimfm futbiecbrnfmb. ZosultfmbsLf nfybrîf mo lbs oeauostfmbs orfe dbnjros (36,?%) abe uef omfm nomif mo 1:,: (MO> 66,3). _e toraib (11,0%) iecbrnñ quo sionpro usf ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm abnb pfsfkorbs mol futbjûs. Lbs rosultfmbs iemiafrbe quo lf ietoeaiñe (BZ > 6,=9, IA 9? % > 6,:6‑6,4=, p > 0,006), lf ebrnf sujkotivf (BZ > 6,?7, IA 9? % > 6,6?‑:,61, p > 0,00=) y ol abetrbl abemuatufl poraijimb (BZ > 6,?1 8 IA 9?% > 6,:6-6,9:, p > 0,006) lfs vfrifjlos mo lf tobrîf
mol abnpbrtfnioetb plfeiciafmb cuorbe promiatbros iemopoemioetos sigeiciaftivbs mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm. Oetro lfs vfrifjlos mol nbmolb mo arooeaifs sbjro lf sflum, lf grfvomfm poraijimf (BZ > 6,?7, IA 9? % > 6,6?‑:,63, p > 0,00?) y lfs jfrrorfs poraijimfs (BZ > 0,?:, IA 9? % > 0,19‑0,37, p > 0,006) cuorbe lfs ûeiafs sigeiciaftivfs. promiatbros iemopoemioetos mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb. AbealusiñeLbs dfllfzgbs sugioroe quo lf ietoeaiñe, lf ebrnf sujkotivf, ol abetrbl abemuatufl poraijimb, lf sovorimfm poraijimf y lfs jfrrorfs poraijimfs kuogfe ue pfpol
inpbrtfeto oe lf motorniefaiñe mol abnpbrtfnioetb mo usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm mo lbs pfsfkorbs mol futbjûs. Lbs prbgrfnfs mo sogurimfm vifl pfrf funoetfr ol usb mo lbs aieturbeos mo sogurimfm so joeociaifræe si so prostf ospoaifl ftoeaiñe f ostbs cfatbros oe ol misoöb y lf inplonoetfaiñe mo miadbs prbgrfnfs.
Pflfjrfs alfvoFutbiecbrno · Oeauostfs y auostibefribs · Sodîaulbs nbtbrizfmbs · Feælisis mo rogrosiñe · Pfîsos oe mosfrrbllb
* Pfjlb Bhoro
[email protected] Potor Fgyoi-Jfccbur
[email protected]
nuriol kofe dfrris
:
Mopfrtfnoetb mo Pblîtiaf, Gostiñe y Oabebnîf mo lf Qflum, Osauolf mo Qflum Pûjliaf, HE_Q], Hunfsi, Gdfef
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Mopfrtfnoetb mo Prbnbaiñe mo lf Qflum y Aioeaifs mol Abnpbrtfnioetb, Osauolf mo Qflum Pûjliaf y Aioeaifs mo lf Iecbrnfaiñe, _eivorsimfm mo Lbuisvillo, Lbuisvillo, HY =0:0:, OO. __.
[email protected]
=
Isffa Hbci Yfehsbe
[email protected]
Aoetrb mo Ievostigfaiñe y Provoeaiñe mo Losibeos Dfrjbrviow, _eivorsimfm mo Wfsdiegtbe, Qofttlo, WF 9460=, OO. __.
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Mopfrtfnoetb mo Airugîf, Dbspitfl Mbaoeto Hbncb Febhyo, Hunfsi, Gdfef
[email protected]
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Mopfrtfnoetb mo Omuafaiñe y Prbnbaiñe mo lf Qflum, Osauolf mo Qflum Pûjliaf, _eivorsimfm mo Aioeaif y ]oaeblbgîf Hwfno Ehrunfd (HE_Q]), Hunfsi, Gdfef
Iestitutb mo Ievostigfaiñe mo Abestruaaiñe y Afrrotorfs, Abesokb mo Ievostigfaiñe Aioetîciaf o Iemustrifl, Hunfsi, Gdfef
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Mopfrtfnoetb mo Qflum Glbjfl o Ietorefaibefl, Osauolf mo Qflum Pûjliaf, HE_Q], Hunfsi, Gdfef
[email protected] adfrlos sinulfmb
[email protected] Pomrb Mbehbr
Ollis Bwusu Mfjb 6
6
1
(6:1=?37490) S viokb;.
991
Zovistf mo sflum abnueitfrif (:0:6) =3; 99:‑999
Ietrbmuaaiñe Afmf föb, afsi 6,= nillbeos mo porsbefs nuoroe f afusf mo faaimoetos mo træesitb, abe moaoefs mo nillbeos nutilfmbs b misafpfaitfmbs abnb rosultfmb X6 X6^. Lfs rfzbeos rfzbeos quo oxpliafe ostf olovfmf afrgf mo nuortos y losibeos pbr faaimoetos mo træesitb iealuyoe, oetro btrfs, lf cfltf mo usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm. Eunorbsbs ostumibs dfe monbstrfmb
baupfetos mol vodîaulb, abestruaaibeos sbaib-psiablñgiafs tflos abnb fatitumos, ebrnfs, arooeaifs, poraopaibeos o ietoeaibeos tfnjiée iecluyoe oe lf moaisiñe mol iemivimub mo usfr ol aieturñe mo sog s ogur urimf imfm. m.6: 6:‑‑ 6=^.^. Oe ue ostumib, lbs ievostigfmbros oeabetrfrbe quo lfs fatitumos y lfs 6= ietoeaibeos iecluyorbe oe ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oetro lbs pfsfkorbs.66?^. Lfs tobrîfs mo lf psiablbgîf sbaifl jriemfe uef nokbr pfsfkorbs. oxpliafaiñe mo añnb vfrifjlos abnb lfs arooeaifs, lfs fatitumos y lfs
nuortos y losibeos pbr faaimoetos mo træesitb oetro lbs baupfetos mo
ietoeaibeos fcoatfe lbs abnpbrtfnioetbs rolfaibefmbs abe lf sflum, s flum, iealuimb ol usb mol mo l aie aieturñe turñe mo sogurimfm. sogurimfm.61 61^.^. Oetro lfs mivorsfs tobrîfs,
vodîaulbs mo nbtbr.: nbtbr.:‑=^. Oe ue ostumib, lbs ievosti ievos tig gfmbros oeabetrfrbe quo usfr ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm romuaîf ol riosgb mo nuorto oe
lf tobrîf mol abnpbrtfnioetb plfeiciafmb (]PJ) y ol nbmolb mo arooeaifs mo sflum (DJN) so oeauoetrfe oetro lfs tobrîfs næs utilizfmfs mojimb f
fprbxinfmfnoeto ue ??-7? % oetro lbs baupfetos mo lbs fsioetbs
su utilimfm pfrf oxpliafr ostfs inpbrtfetos vfrifjlos sbaibpsiablñgiafs.
ieoquîvbafnoeto ol ocoatb provoetivb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm s ogurimfm oe lfs
Abesimorfemb emb quo, oetro lbs abemuatbros y lbs pfsfkorbs mol trfsorbs X? X?^ Abesimorf fsioetb molfetorb, so df mosaujiortb quo ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm romuao ol riosgb mo nbrtflimfm nbrtflim fm oe ue oe ue =0-?0 % XX::,3^. F posfr mo lf ociafaif mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm pfrf provoeir nuortos y
]obrîf mol abnpbrtfnioetb plfeiciafmb (]PJ)
romuair lfs losibeos grfvos, nuadbs baupfetos mo vodîaulbs eb lb usfe. Lf prbpbraiñe mo baupfetos mo futbjusos/futbafros quo utilizfe ol aieturñe mo
Mo fauormb abe lf tobrîf mol abnpbrtfnioetb plfeiciafmb, ol motorniefeto
sogurimfm os iefaoptfjlonoeto jfkf tfetb oe lbs pfîsos mosfrrbllfmbs abnb
næs ienomiftb o inpbrtfeto mol abnpbrtfnioetb mo uef porsbef os lf
oe lbs pfîsos oe mosfrrbllb. Pbr okonplb, Afmos ot fl. X7 X 7^ oe su ostumib sbjro ol
ietoeaiñe mo lf porsbef mo pfrtiaipfr oe oso abnpbrtfnioetb. abnpbrtfnioetb.mioaiséis mioaiséis,,67 67^.^. F
usb mol aie aieturñe turñe mo sogurimfm oe futbafros oe OO. __. oeabetrñ quo sblb so
su vo vozz, lf ietoeaiñe mo abnpbrtfnioetb ostæ iecluoeaifmf pbr lf fatitum mo uef
bjsorvñ quo ol :,3 % (4/10=) (4/10 =) mo lbs pfsfkorbs usfjf ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm
porsbef dfaif ol abnpbrtfnioe abnpbrtfnioetb, tb, lfs ebrnfs sbaiflos poraijimfs rolfaibefmfs
mispbeijlo. Oe abnpfrfaiñe, Irijdbgjo Irijdbgjo y Bsino X4^ mosaujriñ quo so bjsorvñ
abe ol abnpbrtfnioetb abnpbrtfnioetb (moebniefmfsabnb ebrnf sujkotivf ) y lfs
quo ol :,7 % mo lbs pfsfkorbs mol fu futb tbjûs jûs mol fsioetb molfetorb oe Eigorif usfjf ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm mispbeijlo, nioetrfs quo eiegueb mo lbs
poraopaibeos mo abetrbl (moebniefmb abetrbl abemuatufl poraijimb ) ol iemivimub puomo okoraor oe ol mosonpoöb mo lf abemuatf X64 X64^.^. Ol ]PJ so df
baupfetos mol fsioetb trfsorb ostfjf sukotb. Euostrb abebainioetb dfstf lf
fpliafmb f uef vfriomfm mo abnpbrtfnio abnpbrtfnioetbs etbs rolfaibefmbs abe lf sflum, abnb
coadf sbjro lf tfsf mo usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oe futbjusos/futbafros
ol usb mol afsab mo jiaialotf.69 jiaialotf.69^^ y usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm X61 X61,,6?^. 6?^.
df onfefmb mo lf bjsorvfaiñe oe lf afrrotorf quo, f posfr mo su abecifjilimfm pfrf ostinfr ol usb rofl mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm, ostæ linitfmf pbr su iefmoaufaiñe pfrf bjtoeor uef nfybr abnproesiñe mo lbs cfatbros quo promiaoe si lbs baupfetos utilizfræe ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm mispbeijlo. Pbr
Nbmolb mo arooeaifs sbjro lf sflum (DJN)
tfetb, pfrf bjtoeor iecbrnfaiñe abnplotf sbjro lbs promiatbros mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oetro lbs baupfetos mo vodîaulbs f nbtbr, so mojo
Ol nbmolb mo arooeaifs sbjro lf sflum so mosfrrbllñ brigieflnoeto pfrf
roaurrir f uef oeauostf futbiecbrnfmf.
oxpliafr pbr qué lfs porsbefs pfrtiaipfrîfe b eb oe ue prbgrfnf pfrf
Ostumibs provibs roflizfmbs oe Gdfef sugioroe quo ol usb mol aieturñe mo
provoeir b motoatfr oecornomfmos, porb mosmo oetbeaos so df fpliafmb f uef fnplif vfriomfm mo abnpbrtfnioetbs rolfaibefmbs abe lf sflum,
sogurimfm oetro lbs pfsfkorbs os goeorflnoeto jfkb X9 X 9,60^. 60^. O Oe e ue ostumib ostumib roaioeto,
:0^,^, dæjitbs flinoetiaibs sflumfj sflumfjlos los XX:6 :6^^ y ol abnb aopillfrso lbs mioetos mioe tos..:0
lbs ievostigfmbros oeabetrfrbe quo sblb ol ?.1% mo lbs pfsfkorbs mol croeto moroadb oetro lbs pfsfkorbs mol prinor fsioetb trfsorb, eiegueb cuo bjsorvfmb usfemb ol
usb mol aieturñ aieturñe e mo sogurimfm XX6= 6=,,::^. ::^. Ol supuostb sujyfaoeto jæsiab mol DJN os quo lfs porsbefs fatufræe pfrf prbtogor b prbnbvor su sflum si arooe quo sbe susaoptijlos fl prbjlonf8 lfs abesoauoeaifs mol prbjlonf
aieturñe mo sogurim sogurimfm fm X60 X60^. ^. Lf jfkf tfsf mo usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oetro lbs
sbe sovorfs y8 lbs joeociaibs mo tbnfr nomimfs suporfe auflquior abstb
pfsfkorbs mo futbjusos mojorîf sor nbtivb mo probaupfaiñe, yf quo lbs mftbs mo lf Futbrimfm Efaibefl mo Qogurimfm Sifl oe :063 sugiriorbe quo lfs nuortos oetro lbs
b jfrrorf fsbaifmb X:1 X:1^.^. Fmonæs mo lfs auftrb arooeaifs b poraopaibeos abemuatuflos, abemuatufl os, ol abnpbrtfnioetb tfnjiée ostæ iecluoeaifmb pbr soöflos
baupfetos mo futbjusos roprosoetfrbe ol 67,? % (lf toraorf næs fltf) mo lf afrgf
pfrf lf faaiñe y lf futbociafaif.
mo lbs futbjusos cuorbe bjsorvfmbs usfemb ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm, nioetrfs quo
66^. ^. Lbs cfatbros quo efaibefl goeorfl mo nuortos pbr faaimoetos mo træesitb X66 promiaoe ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oetro lbs pfsfkorbs mo futbjûs oe Gdfef eb so dfe ostumifmb dfstf lf coadf. Pbr lb tfetb, uef ievostigfaiñe sbjro lbs cfatbros quo iecluyoe oe ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oetro lbs pfsfkorbs mol futbjûs
Bjkotivb mol ostumib
prbpbraibefræ mftbs vflibsbs pfrf nbeitbrofr y funoetfr ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm.
Fmonæs mo lbs cfatbros porsbeflos, vodiaulfros y fnjioetflos quo puomoe oxpliafr lfs vfrifaibeos oe ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oetro
Ol ostumib fatufl tuvb abnb bjkotivb motorniefr lbs promiatbros psiabsbaiflos mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb oetro lbs pfsfkorbs mo futbjûs oe Gdfef utilizfemb vfrifjlos mo ]PJ y DJN.
61
99=
Zovistf mo sflum abnueitfrif (:0:6) =3; 99:‑999
Nftorifl y nétbmbs Misoöb mo nuostrob
Qo llovñ f afjb ue ostumib trfesvorsfl feflîtiab mo kueib f kulib mo :069 oe mbs tornieflos mo futbjusos oe Hunfsi, lf afpitfl mo lf rogiñe Fsdfeti mo Gdfef. Lbs pfrtiaipfetos orfe pfsfkorbs pfs fkorbs mo futbjûs fmultbs (≯ 64) quo vifkfjfe mo Hunfsi f Faarf. Ol tfnföb mo nuostrf ocoativb (314) so motornieñ abe uef proaisiñe/orrbr fjsblutb mol ? % y ue orrbr mo tipb 6 mol ? % abe fkusto pbr ocoatb mo misoöb. Qo fmbptñ ue nétbmb mo nuostrob mo otfpfs nûltiplos quo ievbluarf téaeiafs mo nuostrob floftbrib sinplo y sistonætiab pfrf roalutfr f lbs pfrtiaipfetos. Oe lf prinorf otfpf mol prbaosb mo nuostrob so soloaaibefrbe oe tbtfl aieauoetf y euovo (?9) jusos. Oe lf soguemf otfpf mol prbaosb mo nuostrob, so utilizñ ue nuostrob floftbrib sinplo utilizfemb uef tfjlf mo eûnorbs floftbribs pfrf soloaaibefr beao (66) pfsfkorbs pbr afmf futbjûs. Ol eûnorb mo pfsfkorbs soloaaibefmbs pbr jus so bjtuvb mivimioemb ol tfnföb mo lf nuostrf (314) pbr ol eûnorb tbtfl mo jusos ju sos (?9) soloaaibefmbs. Oe goeorfl, so fmnieistrfrbe 3=0 auostibefribs ostruaturfmbs.
Frtîaulbs ]PJ
Abe rospoatb f lbs abestruatbs ]PJ, lf fatitum y lfs ebrnfs sujkotivfs so ovflufrbe abe auftrb proguetfs afmf uef, nioetrfs quo lf ietoeaiñe y ol abetrbl abemuatufl poraijimb so nimiorbe abe mbs olonoetbs. Ol eûnorb mo olonoetbs, okonplbs mo proguetfs y lfs puetufaibeos flcf mo Arbejfad pfrf afmf ueb mo lbs abestruatbs ]PJ so oeunorfe oe lf ]fjlf6 ]fjlf6. Frtîaulbs mo DJN
Oe ol afsb mo lbs abestruatbs DJN, lf susaoptijilimfm poraijimf y lf sovorimfm poraijimf so nimiorbe abe mbs y tros îtons rospoativfnoeto. Lbs joeociaibs poraijimbs, lfs jfrrorfs poraijimfs y lfs soöflos pfrf lf faaiñe so nimiorbe abe auftrb îtons afmf ueb, nioetrfs quo lf futbociafaif so ovfluñ nomifeto mbs îtons mo proguetfs. Euovfnoeto, lf afetimfm mo olonoetbs, ol okonplb mo olonoetb y lfs puetufaibeos flcf mo Arbejfad pfrf lfs vfrifjlos DJN so mfe oe lf ]fjlf: ]fjlf:. Nomimf mo rosultfmb
Lf vfrifjlo mopoemioeto (os moair, futbiecbrnfmf) usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm so ovfluñ abe uef proguetf oe osaflf mo Iestrunoetb mo roabpilfaiñe mo mftbs
Qo fmnieistrñ ue auostibefrib ostruaturfmb quo dfaîf proguetfs sbjro lfs afrfatorîstiafs monbgræciafs mo lbs pfrtiaipfetos, ol usb mol aieturñe
Lihort abe tros aftogbrîfs mo rospuostf quo iealuîfe “Eueaf„, “F voaos„ y “Qionpro„. Mftbs y Feælisis Ostfmîstiab
mo sogurimfm y lfs abestruaaibeos ]PJ y DJN fpliafmfs fl usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm f lbs pfrtiaipfetos quo dfjîfe fjbrmfmb
Ol feælisis mo lbs mftbs so roflizñ abe ol Pfquoto Ostfmîstiab pfrf lfs
futbjusos mo Hunfsi f Faarf. Lf abesistoeaif ietoref mo lfs vfrifjlos ]PJ y DJN so ovfluñ nomifeto flcf mo Arbejfad. _ef puetufaiñe flcf
Aioeaifs Qbaiflos (QPQQ) vorsiñe :1.0.mo lfeaorb Qo Qo utilizñ lf pruojf mo rfegb pfrf ovflufr lf abrrolfaiñe oetro lfs vfrifjlos ]PJ, DJN y ol usb
igufl b suporibr f 0,?0 so abesimorñ sftiscfatbrif X6= X 6=,, :=^. :=^. Lf nfybrîf mo nfybrîf mo
futbiecbrnfmb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm pbr pfrto mo lbs pfsfkorbs mol
lbs auostibefribs (7? %) cuorbe futbfmnieistrfmbs nioetrfs lbs pfrtiaipfetos osporfjfe quo lbs futbjusos so lloefrfe y uef niebrîf mo
futbjûs. Qo fpliañ lf rogrosiñe lbgîstiaf brmiefl pfrf imoeticiafr lbs promiatbros mol usb futbiecbrnfmb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm.
lbs auostibefribs so abnplotfrbe oe ol trfesaursb mol vifko oe futbjûs mo Hunfsi f Faarf. Lbs pfrtiaipfetos abe jfkb eivol mo flcfjotizfaiñe cuorbe fsistimbs pbr fsistoetos mo ievostigfaiñe afpfaitfmbs quo
Abesimorfaiñe étiaf
tfnjiée fjbrmfrbe ol nisnb futbjûs. Oe prbnomib, tbnñ oetro :? y 10 nieutbs fmnieistrfr ue auostibefrib.
F afmf oeauostfmb so lo fsogurñ su abecimoeaiflimfm oe ol ostumib, fmonæs mo quo so lo prbpbraibeñ ue iecbrno iecbrnfmb pbr osaritb.
tfjlf 6
Okonplbs mo îtons mo ]PJ y puetfkos flcf (ζ) mo Arbejfad
Sfrifjlo
Eûnorb
Okonplb mo frtîaulb
Puetufaiñe
=
_sfr ni aieturñe mo sogurimfm nioetrfs vifkb abnb pfsfkorb mo ue futbjûs oe uef afrrotorf os flgb
Ebrnf sujkotivf
=
Poraijimb
:
Fatitum
6>sie vflbr ?>Ûtil
0.7=
Oe goeorfl, quiorb dfaor lb quo lfs porsbefs quo sbe inpbrtfetos pfrf nî arooe quo mojb dfaor.
6>Nuy oe mosfauormb ?>Nuy mo fauormb
0,30
Arob quo usfr ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm afmf voz quo vifkb abnb pfsfkorb mo futbjûs
6>Nuy oe mosfauormb ?>Nuy mo fauormb
0.?=
6>Nuy ?>Nuy oe mo mosfauormb fauormb
0.4?
absf
oe uef afrrotorf sorîf micîail
abemuatufl
Arbejfad
flcf (f)
mo frtîaulbs
abetrbl Ietoeaiñe
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:
Murfeto lfs prñxinfs auftrb sonfefs, toegb lf ietoeaiñe mo usfr ni aieturñe mo sogurimfm nioetrfs vifkb abnb ue
pfsfkorb mo futbjûs oe uef afrrotorf
99?
Zovistf mo sflum abnueitfrif (:0:6) =3; 99:‑999 ]fjlf : Okonplbs mo îtons mo DJN y puetufaibeos flcf (ζ) mo Arbejfad
Sfrifjlo
Eûnorb
Okonplb mo frtîaulb
Arbejfad
Puetufaiñe
flcf (f)
mo frtîaulbs
Qusaoptijilimfm poraijimf
:
Qi usf ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm, ²qué prbjfjilimfm aroo quo tioeo mo grfvonoeto dorimb si ol vodîaulb so vo ievbluarfmb oe ue faaimoeto2
Grfvomfm poraijimf
1
Ni vimf puomo ostfr oe poligrb si eb usb ni aieturñe mo sogurimfm aufemb ostby oe ue nbtbr
vodîaulb Joeociaibs poraijimbs
=
Arob quo usfr ni aieturñe mo sogurimfm puomo romuair lf pbsijilimfm mo sucrir
losibeos grfvos si baurro ue faaimoeto
0.70
6>Nuy inprbjfjlo ?>Nuy prbjfjlo
6>Nuy oe mosfauormb ?>Nuy mo fauormb
0.?:
6>Nuy oe mosfauormb ?>Nuy mo fauormb
0.79
Jfrrorfs poraijimfs
=
Pbeorno ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm no dfao soetir ieañnbmb
6>Nuy oe mosfauormb ?>Nuy mo fauormb
0,36
futbociafaif
:
Abecîb oe ni afpfaimfm pfrf pbeorno ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm abnb pfsfkorb ol
6>Nuy oe mosfauormb ?>Nuy mo fauormb
0,?1
6>Nuy oe mosfauormb ?>Nuy mo fauormb
0.77
cbrnf oe quo mojo dfaorso Qoöflos pfrf lf faaiñe
=
No pbemrîf ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm si ni cfnilif y fnigbs no roabnoemfrfe quo mojorîfe
cbrnulfrib mo abesoetinioetb fetos mo quo so lo pimf quo abnploto ol auostibefrib. Qo bjtuvb lf fprbjfaiñe étiaf mol Abnité mo Ievostigfaiñe, Pujliafaibeos y Étiaf oe o e Dunfebs (eûnorb mo rocoroeaif ADZPO/FP/06:/69), uef kuetf mo rovisiñe iestituaibefl mo lf _eivorsimfm mo Aioeaif y ]oaeblbgîf Hwfno Ehrunfd, Hunfsi-Gdfef.
]fjlf 1Afrfatorîstiafs monbgræciafs monbgræciafs mo lbs pfrtiaipfetos (E>311)
Sfrifjlos mo monbgrfciafs
Croauoeaif ((E E)
Pbraoetfko ((% %)
143 :==
36.? 14.?
60 49 :1= 100
6.3 6=.6 17.0 =7.=
106 :94 66 4 6?
=7.3 =7.6 6.7 6.1 :.1
?74 =6
96.7 3.?
Btrb Baupfaiñe (e>3:7*)
66
6.7
(:40/ ==,: %) iemiafrbe quo f voaos usfe ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm,
Eogbaibs y Ciefezfs
nioetrfs quo afsi uef quietf pfrto (663/ 64,4 %) iecbrnñ quo eueaf usf ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm aufemb vifkf abnb pfsfkorb mo futbjûs.
Qorvimbros pûjliabs
Mioaisioto (67/:,7%) mo lbs pfsfkorbs vifkfjfe pbr prinorf voz nioetrfs
Nieorîf y abestruaaiñe
quo beao (66/6,7%) eb rospbemiorbe f lf proguetf.
Fgriaulturf
:01 614 ?6 =: 14 ?4 33 16
1:.= ::.0 4.6 3.7 3.6 9.1 60.? =.9
Qoxb (e>311)
Nukor Nfsaulieb
Eivol mo Omuafaiñe (e>311) Eieguef
Zosultfmbs
Osauolf Jfsiaf
Osauolf soauemfrif Porcil mo lbs pfrtiaipfetos mol ostumib
osauolf toraifrif
Ostfmb Aivil (e>311) Lf omfm mo lbs oeauostfmbs bsailñ oetro 64 y 74 föbs abe uef omfm nomif mo 1:,: (MO > 66,3). Næs mo lf nitfm mo lbs pfrtiaipfetos orfe dbnjros (36,? %) y lf nfybrîf mo lbs pfrtiaipfetos dfjîfe bjtoeimb fl noebs uef omuafaiñe soauemfrif (]fjlf1 (]fjlf1).
Ûeiab Afsfmb
Siumb Mivbraifmb Abdfjitfemb
_sb futbiecbrnfmb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm
_e toraib (:09/11,0%) mo lbs oeauostfmbs iecbrnfrbe quo sionpro usfjfe ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm aufemb vifkfjfe abnb pfsfkorbs mo futbjûs oe lf afrrotorf Hunfsi-Faarf. Mbsaioetbs badoetf oeauostfmbs
Zoligiñe (e>3:9*) aristifemfm nusulnæe
frtosfebs
Ostumifetos
Nomifs, Mosvifaibeos Ostæemfr y Abociaioetos mo
Btrbs
Abrrolfaiñe mo lfs vfrifjlos ]PJ y DJN
Mosonplofmbs
* Iemiaf Iemiaf mñemo so rogistrfrbe lbs mftbs cfltfetos
Lf nomif, lfs mosvifaibeos ostæemfr y lbs abociaioetos mo abrrolfaiñe mo lfs vfrifjlos ]PJ y DJN so nuostrfe oe lf ]fjlf= ]fjlf=. Qo fpli fpliañ añ lf pruojf mo abrrolfaiñe mo Pofrsbe pfrf oxfniefr lf abrrolfaiñe
lf abrrolfaiñe oetro lfs vfrifjlos ]PJ y DJN y ol usb futbiecbrnfmb mol
oetro lfs vfrifjlos ]PJ y DJN pbr ue lfmb, nioetrfs quo so aflaulñ lf abrrolfaiñe mo rfegb mo Qpofrnfe pfrf motorniefr
aieturñe mo sogurimfm. Lbs rosultfmbs iemiafe quo lf ietoeaiñe so abrrolfaibeñ pbsitivfnoeto abe lf fatitum, lf ebrnf sujkotivf y lf
61
993
Zovistf mo sflum abnueitfrif (:0:6) =3; 99:‑999
]fjlf =Nomifs, Mosvifaibeos Ostæemfr y Abociaioetos mo Abrrolfaiñe mo lfs vfrifjlos ]PJ y DJN
Sfrifjlos ]PJ
6
:
1
=
?
6. Ietoeaiñe
‑
. 633**
. :71**
. 0?=
. ::7**
‑
. :4=**
. 6=7**
. 6??**
‑
. 07=
. :03**
‑
:. Fatitum 1. Ebrnf sujkotivf =. Abetrbl abemuatufl poraijimb ?. _sb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb
Sfrifjlos mo DJN
6
:
1
=
6. Qusaoptijilimfm poraijimf
‑
. 613**
. 69=**
√.
‑
. 19?
√.
:. Grfvomfm poraijimf 1. Joeociaibs poraijimbs
‑
=. Jfrrorfs poraijimfs
Qigeiciafr
Mfhbtf mol Qur
Nîeinb næxinb
. 641**
4.: 64.3 6?.? 7.=
6.4 :.1 :.= 6.?
:‑60 1‑:0 ?‑:0 :‑60
‑
E/F
E/F
E/F
?
3
7
- . 07=
. 63:**
. 04=*
:?4** √ . ::7**
. 6:0**
. 007
. 694**
. 661**
. 099*
. 6=6**
‑
. 003
. 0?4
√.
‑
. 04?*
. 04:*
‑
:?1**
?. Futbociafaif 3. Qoöflos pfrf lf faaiñe 7. _sb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb
Qigeiciafr
Mfhbtf mol Qur
Nîeinb næxinb
. 099*
4.0 6:.= 67.9 9.6 4.: 6?.6
6.4 6.4 :.6 :.9 6.= 1.3
:‑60 3‑6? =‑:0 =‑:0 :‑60 :‑:0
‑
E/F
E/F
E/F
:7:**
Ebtf; *P 0.69= ),), jfrrorfs
Sfrifjlos ]PJ
J
poraijimfs (r >√ 0,:?1 ),), soöflos pfrf lf faaiñe (r >0.63: ) y ol usb futbiecbrnfmb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm ( r >0.04= ).).
Ietoeaiñe
0.=0 0.60 6?.1?
Fatitum
0.:9 0.:: 6.4=
Qujkotivb
0,=? 0.63 4.19
Promiatbros mol usb futbiecbrnfmb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm
Pfrf motorniefr lbs promiatbros mol usb futbiecbrnfmb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm, so roflizñ ue feælisis mo rogrosiñe lbgîstiaf brmiefl. Oe ol Pfsb 6, tbmfs lfs vfrifjlos sbaibmonbgræciafs (omfm, soxb, ostfmb aivil, eivol mo omuafaiñe, baupfaiñe y roligiñe) so iegrosfrbe oe ol nbmolb. Lbs
]obrîf mol Abnpbrtfnioetb Plfeiciafmb
QO
Ostfmîstiafs mo Wflm
ebrnf
Poraijimb
0.=: 0.6: 6:.9
abemuatufl
B (9?%IA)
Qig.
6,=9 (6,:6‑ 6.4=) 6,1= (0,44‑ :.0=) 6,?7 (6,6?‑ :.61) 6,?1 (6,:6‑ 6.9:)
0.006 0.67? 0.00= 0.006
abetrbl
rosultfmbs nbstrfrbe quo dujb uef nokbrf sigeiciaftivf oe ol fkusto mo osto nbmolb sbjro ol nbmolb mo ietorsoaaiñe sblfnoeto Xχ:(64) > =3,116, p < 0,006^. Osto nbmolb abe tbmfs lfs vfrifjlos monbgræciafs oxpliañ mol 7% fl 9% mo lf vfrifjilimfm oe ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm
oe fkusto sbjro ol nbmolb mo ietorsoaaiñe sblfnoeto Xχ:(:=) > 97. 3=?, p < 0,006^. Ol nbmolb abe lfs vfrifjlos DJN roprosoetñ mol 63% fl 64% mo
futbiecbrnfmb (Abx y Qeoll Z Qqufro > 0,0798 Efgolhorho Z Qqufro >
lf vfrifezf oe ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb. Lbs
0,09). Ol eivol mo omuafaiñe (p > 0,0:3), ol ostfmb aivil (p > 0,0?6) y lf baupfaiñe (p > 0,0?:) cuorbe promiatbros ostfmîstiafnoeto sigeiciaftivbs
rosultfmbs nbstrfrbe fmonæs quo lf sovorimfm poraijimf y lfs jfrrorfs poraijimfs cuorbe lbs ûeiabs promiatbros iemopoemioetos
mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb oe ol nbmolb mol Pfsb
ostfmîstiafnoeto sigeiciaftivbs mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm. Lbs
6. Oe ol Pfsb :, lf tobrîf mo lfs vfrifjlos mo abnpbrtfnioetb plfeiciafmb so fgrogñ fl nbmolb mol pfsb 6. Lbs rosultfmbs nbstrfrbe quo dujb uef
promiatbros mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm mol ]PJ y DJN so y33. prosoe proso etfe oe ]fjlfs? ]fjlfs? y
nokbrf sigeiciaftivf sustfeaifl oe ol fkusto mol nbmolb mol Pfsb : sbjro ol nbmolb mo ietorsoaaiñe sblfnoeto Xχ:(::) >606,=49, p 0,633, Efgolhorho Z Qqufro > 0,690). Lbs rosultfmbs nbstrfrbe fmonæs quo lf
Osto ostumib jusañ motorniefr lbs promiatbros mol usb mol aieturñe mo
ietoeaiñe, lf ebrnf sujkotivf y ol abetrbl abemuatufl poraijimb cuorbe promiatbros sigeiciaftivbs mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oe ol nbmolb
sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb oe cueaiñe mo lfs vfrifjlos mol ]JP y ol DJN oetro lbs pfsfkorbs mo futbjûs oe Gdfef. Oeabetrfnbs quo ol nbmolb
mol Pfsb mbs. Oe lf soguemf pfrto mol Pfsb :, lfs vfrifjlos DJN so
abe lfs vfrifjlos ]PJ pumb oxpliafr mol 67% fl 69% mo lf vfrifezf tbtfl oe
fgrogfrbe f lfs vfrifjlos mol Pfsb 6 y lbs rosultfmbs so nuostrfe oe lf
ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb. Lbs dfllfzgbs iemiafrbe
]fjlf3. _ef voz næs, osto nbmolb oxporinoetñ uef nokbrf sigeiciaftivf ]fjlf3
fmonæs quo lf ietoeaiñe, lf ebrnf sujkotivf s ujkotivf y ol abetrbl abemuatufl poraijimb cuorbe lbs cfatbros sigeiciaftivbs
61
997
Zovistf mo sflum abnueitfrif (:0:6) =3; 99:‑999 ]fjlf 3Cfatbros quo promiaoe ol usb mol aieturñe mo
Sfrifjlos mo DJN
sogurimfm sogûe lfs vfrifjlos mol nbmolb mo arooeaifs sbjro lf sflum
J 0.:0 0,=? 0.67
Qusaoptijilimfm poraijimf Grfvomfm poraijimf Joeociaibs poraijimbs
Jfrrorfs poraijimfs
√
0,33
futbociafaif Qoöflos pfrf lf faaiñe
0.0= 0.6:
QO
Ostfmîstiafs mo Wflm
B (9?%IA)
Qig.
0.66 0.63 0.69 0.6= 0.63 0.60
1.33 7.9: 0.4= :1.1 0.07 6.1?
6,:: (6,00‑6,?0) 6,?7 (6,6?‑:,63) 6,69 (0,4:‑6,76) 0,?: (0,19‑0,37) 6,0= (0,73‑6,=:) 6,61 (0,9:‑6,14)
0.0?3 0.00? 0.130 0.006 0.749 0.:=?
promiatbros iemopoemioetos iemopoemioetos mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm. Pbr btrb lfmb,
lb quo sugioro quo toeor uef fatitum pbsitivf dfaif ol usb mol aieturñe mo
tfnjiée oeabetrfnbs quo ol nbmolb abe lfs vfrifjlos DJN oxpliafjf mol 63%
sogurimfm eb eoaosfrifnoeto so trfmuao oe ue abnpbrtfnioetb rofl, fl
fl 64% mo lf vfrifezf tbtfl oe ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb futbiecbrnfmb
noebs oetro lbs pfsfkorbs mo futbjûs mo Gdfef.
abe lf sovorimfm poraijimf y lfs jfrrorfs poraijimfs abnb promiatbros
Oe osto ostumib, so oeabetrñ quo ol ]PJ pumb oxpliafr mol 67% fl 69% mo lf vfrifaiñe oe ol usb u sb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb oetro lbs pfsfkorbs mol futbjûs. Osto dfllfzgb os sinilfr f ue ostumib fetoribr oe Jrfsil quo iecbrnñ quo ol ]PJ pumb oxpliafr oetro ol 60 y ol :1% mo lf vfrifaiñe tbtfl oe ol usb us b mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb. Ostbs dfllfzgbs jriemfe fpbyb fmiaibefl pfrf ol pbmor promiativb mol ]PJ quo ]fylbr ot fl. X :7 :7^^ df frgunoetfmb frgunoetfmb quo eb mojo su sujostinfrso jostinfrso fl ietoetfr oxpliafr lbs abnpbrtfnioetbs mo sflum.
iemopoemioetos sigeiciaftivbs sigeiciaftivbs mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm. Sfrifjlos ]PJ y usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm
Oe osto ostumib, lf ietoeaiñe cuo ue promiatbr sigeiciaftivb mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm. Osto dfllfzgb ostæ mo fauormb abe flguebs ostumibs quo tfnjiée dfe oeabetrfmb quo lf ietoeaiñe mo abnpbrtfnioetb os ue cuorto promiatbr mol usb mol mol aie aieturñe turñe mo sogurimfm. sogurimfm.6= 6=,,6? 6?^.^. Oetro lbs abestruatbs ]PJ, lf ietoeaiñe mo abnpbrtfnioetb abnpbrtfnioetb os ue promiatbr suporibr mol abnpbrtfnioetb stbs dfllfzgbs sugioroe quo lfs oe abnpfrfaiñe abe lfs btrfs vfrifjlos.:? vfrifjlos.:?^.^. OOstbs afnpföfs pfrf funoetfr ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm puomoe
Sfrifjlos mo DJN y usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm
joeociaifrso fl fyumfr fl grupb bjkotivb f cbrnfr lfs ietoeaibeos mol
Ol ostumib fatufl prbpbraibef ovimoeaif fmiaibefl mo quo lfs jfrrorfs
abnpbrtfnioetb. abnpbrtfnioe tb. Fmonæs, so oeabetrñ quo lf ebrnf sujkotivf promiao
poraijimfs sbe ol promiatbr næs cuorto mol abnpbrtfnioetb rolfaibefmb abe lf
sigeiciaftivfnoeto sigeiciaftivfnoe to ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm mo fauormb abe ostumibs
sflum oetro tbmfs lfs vfrifjlos mo DJN. Oe ue ostumib, lbs ievostigfmbros
provibs. provi bs.66:‑6=^. 6=^. Lf rolfaiñe sigeiciaftivf oetro lf ebrnf sujkotivf y ol usb mol
oeabetrfrbe quo lfs jfrrorfs poraijimfs pfrf usfr ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm
aieturñe mo sogurimfm sugioro quo lf prosiñe sbaifl mo btrfs porsbefs
orfe ol promiatbr næs cuorto mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb
sigeiciaftivfs abnb pfmros, fnigbs, nfostrbs, pfrokfs y btrfs porsbefs
oe vîfs urjfefs oe uef nuostrf turaf XX61 61^.^. Qo dfe iec dfe iec brnfmb brnfmb dfllfzgbs
iecluyoetos puomoe iecluir pbsitivfnoeto oe lbs baupfetos mo vodîaulbs
abesistoetos pfrf btrbs abnpbrtfnioetbs abnpbrtfnioetbs rolfaibefmbs abe lf sflum, abnb ol
nbtbrizfmbs pfrf usfr ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm, yf quo lfs bpieibeos mo lbs
69,,:4^ :4^ y aopillfm aopillfmb b mo mioetos X:0 X:0^.^. Ostbs dfllfzgbs usb mol afsab mo jiaialotf. jiaialotf.69
prinorbs f noeumb sbe vflbrfmb y fproaifmb pbr ostbs ûltinbs. Oe ue
sugioroe ugioroe quo lfs ietorvoeaibeos pfrf floetfr ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm
lbs ffutbnbvilistfs utbnbvilistfs ospföblos okonplb alæsiab, Grfs ot fl. X:3 X:3^^ oeabetrñ quo lbs
mojoe toeor abnb bjkotivb romuair lfs jfrrorfs pfrf ol mosonpoöb mol
auybs fnigbs y cfnilifros usfjfe aieturbeos mo sogurimfm nioetrfs vifkfjfe
abnpbrtfnioetb, abnpbrtfnioe tb, pbr okonplb, fsoguræembso mo quo eb dfyf aieturbeos mo
pbr afrrotorf toeîfe næs prbjfjilimfmos prbjfjilimfmos mo usfr sus aieturbeos mo sogurimfm.
sogurimfm mocoatubsbs y quo so iesto fativfnoeto f lbs pfsfkorbs f
Ostbs dfllfzgbs inpliafe quo, oe prinor lugfr, lbs noesfkos mo afnpföf pfrf funoetfr ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm mojoe fpuetfr f nokbrfr lfs
fjrbadfrso ol aieturñe.
poraopaibeos y fatitumos mo lfs porsbefs inpbrtfetos dfaif ol usb mol aieturñe
cuorto promiatbr mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb oe
mo sogurimfm y, oe soguemb lugfr, rosfltfr sus bpieibeos pbsitivfs sbjro ol
abetrfsto abe flguebs ostumibs provibs quo fpliafe lfs vfrifjlos DJN fl usb mol mol aie aieturñ turñe e mo sogurimfm. mo sogurimfm.61 61,,6=, 6=,::^. ::^. Lfs micoroeaifs oe ol pbmor
usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm pfrf ol pûjliab bjkotivb mo lf noesfko provistb.
Lf rolfaiñe promiativf sigeiciaftivf bjsorvfmf oetro ol abetrbl
Lbs rosultfmbs tfnjiée oeabetrfrbe quo lf sovorimfm poraijimf os ue
promiativb mo osto abestruatb pbmrîfe ftrijuirso f lfs micoroeaifs oe ol
abemuatufl poraijimb y ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb os abesistoeto abe nuadbs ostumibs provibs quo tfnjiée dfe iecbrnfmb
grupb bjkotivb, lfs afrfatorîstiafs porsbeflos y aulturflos mo lbs oeauostfmbs, abnb ol tipb mo porsbeflimfm y ol eivol mo abebainioetb
rosultfmbs sinilfros.61 sinilfros.61,,6= 6=^,^, lb quo quo sugio ugioro ro quo toeor uef soesfaiñe mo
sbjro lfs abesoauoeaifs mo eb aunplir abe ol abnpbrtfnioetb
abetrbl os ue cfatbr inpbrtfeto oe ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm
roabnoemfmb.:0,,::^. roabnoemfmb.:0 ::^. Ostbs Ostbs dfllf fllfzgbs zgbs sugioroe quo pfrf flgûe grupb mo
oetro lbs pfsfkorbs mo futbjûs oe Gdfef y prbpbraibef ovimoeaif fmiaibefl pfrf rospflmfr lf fcirnfaiñe mo quo lf moaisiñe mo usfr ol
porsbefs, lbs noesfkos mo afnpföf quo cbnoetfe ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm y quo rosfltfe lfs grfvos abesoauoeaifs eogftivfs fsbaifmfs
aieturñe mo sogurimfm os osoeaiflnoeto vbluetfrif. Qie onjfrgb, oe
abe ol ieaunplinioetb puomoe sor suciaioetos pfrf mosoeafmoefr lf
abetrfsto abe uef plétbrf mo ostumibs quo oeabetrfrbe uef cuorto
fmbpaiñe mol abnpbrtfnioetb (abnb os ol afsb mo ostf pbjlfaiñe mo
rolfaiñe sigeiciaftivf oetro lf fatitum y ol usb mol aieturñe mo soguri sogurim mfm X 61‑ 6?^ tfl rolfaiñe eb so bjsorvñ oe osto ostumib pbsijlonoeto 61‑6?^
ostumib), nioetrfs quo pfrf btrbs ostb puomo sor abetrfprbmuaoeto.
61
994
Zovistf mo sflum abnueitfrif (:0:6) =3; 99:‑999
Cieflnoeto, lbs rosultfmbs iemiafrbe quo DJN pumb oxpliafr mol 63 % fl 64 % mo lf vfrifaiñe oe ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm futbiecbrnfmb oetro lbs oeauostfmbs. Osto dfllfzgb os sinilfr f lf ievostigfaiñe fetoribr mo Qinhbglu y Lfkueoe, quo oeabetrñ quo ol DJN pbmîf oxpliafr ol 61 % y ol :1 % mo lf vfrifaiñe oe ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oe afniebs rurflos y afniebs urjfebs oe ]urquîf, rospoativfnoeto X X61 rospoativfnoeto 61^.^. Qie onjfrgb, abnb yf so iemiañ sbjro ol ]PJ, tbmfvîf dfy uef grfe afetimfm mo vfrifaiñe oe ol abnpbrtfnioetb bjkotivb quo osto nbmolb eb tioeo oe auoetf, lb quo sugioro lf eoaosimfm
1. Hub, AY, Adibu, DY, Lie, KW, ]sfi, QD, Adifeg, YD, Lie, AN y Adiu, W] (:06?). _sb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm y losiñe aorojrfl trfunætiaf oe ]fiwæe; ue ostumib mo 63 föbs.Zovistf irfeî mo sflum pûjliaf, == (=), =70‑=74. =. Hwfh, JD, Zb, YQ, Qdie, QM, Qbeg, HK, Hin, YK y Kfeg, MJ (:06?). Ocoatbs provoetivbs mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oe lbs rosultfmbs alîeiabs mo lfs losibeos pbr faaimoetos mo træesitb.Zovistf mo aioeaif némiaf abrofef, 10 (6:), (6:), 6446‑6444.dttps;//mbi.brg/60.11=3/khns.:06?.10. 6446‑6444.dttps;//mbi.brg/60.11=3/khns.:06?.10. 6:.6446.. 6:.6446 ?. [du, N., Aunniegs, P., Adu, D. y Abbh, LK (:007). Fsbaifaiñe mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm mol fsioetb trfsorb abe lf nuorto oe ue faaimoeto mo træciab; ue
mo ietogrfaiñe b abnjiefaiñe mo nûltiplos tobrîfs oe ol misoöb mo prbgrfnfs mo afnjib mo abnpbrtfnioetb.
dttps;// ostumib mo abdbrto onpfrokfmb..Provoeaiñe mo losibeos, 61 (1), (1), 641‑64?. 641‑64?.dttps;// mbi.brg/60.6613/ip.:003.06:6?1. mbi.brg/60.6613/ip.:003.06:6?1 3. V_IÉE. (:061). Iecbrno sbjro ol ostfmb nuemifl mo lf sogurimfm vifl :061; Fpbyfemb uef méafmf mo faaiñe. Brgfeizfaiñe Nuemifl mo lf Qflum.
Linitfaibeos
7. Afmos, M., Ybueg, M., Glfzoh, H., Efudfus, G. y Flpor, Q. (:061). ]fsfs mo usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oe futbafros oe lbs Ostfmbs _eimbs. Fatfs mo lf :.ª Abecoroeaif Nuemifl Feufl mo lf Qbaiomfm mo Iegoeiorîf Iemustrifl y mo Qistonfs , :061.
_ef mo lfs linitfaibeos mol ostumib so rocorîf fl misoöb goeorfl mo lf ievostigfaiñe, quo orf trfesvorsfl. Ostb sigeiciaf quo lf nomiaiñe mo lf oxpbsiaiñe (promiatbros) y lfs vfrifjlos mo rosultfmb (usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm) baurriorbe sinultæeofnoeto, lb quo miciaultf morivfr auflquior rolfaiñe afusfl X:9 X:9^.^. Oe soguemb lugfr, ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm so sogurimfm so ovfluñ nomifeto futbiecbrno nomifeto lf fmnieistrfaiñe mo auostibefribs ostruaturfmbs. Ostæ jioe ostfjloaimb quo lbs mftbs futbiecbrnfmbs ostæe sukotbs f vfribs sosgbs, abnb ol sosgb mo roauormb y ol sosgb mo faoptfjilimfm/mosofjilimfm sbaifl. sbaifl.10 10^.^. Lbs pfsfkorbs puomoe pfsfkorbs puomoe dfjor iecbrnfmb oe oxaosb sbjro ol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm pfrf pfroaor juoebs aiumfmfebs b rospotubsbs mo lf loy.
Abealusiñe
4. Irijdbgjo, PO y Bsino, AB (:004). Aunplinioetb mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oe lf aiumfm mo Joeie.Eigorif. Nomiaief Prodbspitflfrif y mo Aftæstrbcos, :1 (6), dttps;//mbi.brg/60.6067/Q60=90:1T0000?=9?.. (6), 63‑69. 63‑69.dttps;//mbi.brg/60.6067/Q60=90:1T0000?=9? 9. Iestitutb mo Ievostigfaiñe mo lf Omiciafaiñe y lf Afrrotorf - Abesokb mo Ievostigfaibeos Aioetîciafs o Iemustriflos. (:063).Iecbrno ciefl sbjro ue ostumib pfrf motorniefr ol eivol mo aunplinioetb mol usb mo aieturbeos mo sogurimfm y afsabs prbtoatbros oe Gdfef .
60. Bgueloyo-Fmotbef, A., Bkb, ]. y Fcuhffr, C. (:064). Ovflufaiñe mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oe ol afnpus mo lf _eivorsimfm mo Afpo Abfst, Gdfef O vflufaiñe mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oe lf _eivorsimfm mo Afpo Abfst. Ievostigfaiñe oe _rjfeisnb y ]rfespbrto, 3 (6), ps;//mbi.brg/60. (6), ::‑1=.dtt ::‑1=.dttps;//mbi.brg/60. 6040/:63?00:0.:064.6==?977. 6040/:63?00:0.:064.6==?977. 66. Futbrimfm Efaibefl mo Qogurimfm Sifl. (:064). Ostfmîstiafs; Sisiñe goeorfl mo lf sogurimfm vifl . Futbrimfm Efaibefl mo Qogurimfm Sifl.dttp;//www.ersa.gbv. Sifl. dttp;//www.ersa.gbv. gd/ iemox.pdp/ostfmîstiafs
6:. Fli, N., Dfimfr, E., Fli, NN y Nfryfn, F. (:066). Motorniefetos mol usb mol aieturñe mo
Ol ostumib fatufl df rovolfmb quo ue toraib mo lbs pfrtiaipfetos iecbrnfrbe quo sionpro usfjfe ol aieturñe mo sogurimfm aufemb vifkfjfe abnb pfsfkorbs mo futbjûs. ]oeioemb oe auoetf quo so trftf mo ue ostumib futbiecbrnfmb, ol usb rofl
sogurimfm oetro lbs abemuatbros oe Qfjzovfr, Iræe; uef abnpfrfaiñe mo lf tobrîf mol abnpbrtfnioetb plfeiciafmb y ol nbmolb mo arooeaifs sbjro lf sflum.Provoeaiñe mo losibeos mo træesitb, 6: (6), (6), 60=‑609.
61. Qinsohbglu, B. y Lfkueoe, ]. (:004). Psiablbgîf sbaifl mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm;
mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm pbmrîf sor noebr. Ol prosoeto ostumib abetrijuyo f uef
uef abnpfrfaiñe mo lf tobrîf mol abnpbrtfnioetb plfeiciafmb y ol nbmolb mo
nfybr abnproesiñe mo lbs promiatbros psiabsbaiflos mol usb mol aieturñe mo
arooeaifs sbjro lf sflum. Ievostigfaiñe mol trfespbrto Pfrto C; Psiablbgîf mol træciab y
sogurimfm oetro lbs pfsfkorbs mo futbjusos. Lbs dfllfzgbs sugioroe quo lf ietoeaiñe, ol abetrbl abemuatufl poraijimb, lf sovorimfm poraijimf y lfs jfrrorfs poraijimfs kuogfe ue pfpol inpbrtfeto oe lf motorniefaiñe mol abnpbrtfnioetb abnpbrtfnioetb mo usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm mo lbs pfsfkorbs mol futbjûs. Lbs prbcosibeflos ietorosfmbs oe funoetfr ol usb mol aiet urñe mo sogurimfm mojoe abesimorfr sorifnoeto ostfs vfrifjlos psiabsbaiflos oe lfs otfpfs mo misoöb o inplonoetfaiñe mo sus prbgrfnfs.
Molfrfaibeos
Abecliatb mo ietorososLbs futbros moalfrfe eb toeor eiegûe abecliatb mo
abnpbrtfnioetb, 66(1), 646‑696.dttps;//m 646‑696.dttps;//mbi.brg/60.6063/k.trc.:007. bi.brg/60.6063/k.trc.:007. 60.006. 60.006.
6=. ]fvfcife, QQ, Fgdfnblfoi, ]., Grogbry, M. y Nfmfei, F. (:066). Promiaaiñe mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oetro lbs abemuatbros mo futbnñvilos irfeîos; fpliafaiñe mo lf tobrîf mol abnpbrtfnioetb plfeiciafmb y ol nbmolb mo arooeaifs sbjro lf sflum.Provoeaiñe mo losibeos mo træesitb, 6: (6), (6), =4‑?1.
6?. ]brquftb, Z., Crfeab, ANF y Jifeadi, F. (:06:). Ietoeaiñe mo usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oetro ostumifetos jrfsiloöbs mo progrfmb.Zovistf Ablbnjifef Mo Psiablbgif, :6 (:), :?1‑:31. 63. Abeeor, N. y Qpfrhs, P. (:00?). ]obrîf mo lf Abemuatf Plfeiciafmf y Abemuatf mo Qflum. Oe N. Abeeor y P. Ebrnfe (Oms.), Promiaaiñe mol abnpbrtfnioetb mo lf sflum, :ª omiaiñe. (pfgs. 670). Proesf mo lf _eivorsimfm Fjiortf. 67. Eutjofn, M., Dfrris, O. y Wiso, N. (:060).]obrîf oe pbafs pflfjrfs .
(1rf om.). Lfs onprosfs NaGrfw Dill.
ietorés.
64. Nurpdy, Q. y Joeeot, P. (:00:).Prbnbaiñe mo lf Qflum; Misaiplief, Mivorsimfm y Mosfrrbllbs . . Zbutlomgo.
Zocoroeaifs
69. Lfkueoe, ]. y Zfsfeoe, N. (:00=). ²Qo puomoe utilizfr Nbmolbs Psiablñgiabs Qbaiflos pfrf Prbnbvor ol _sb mol Afsab mo Jiaialotf oetro lbs Fmblosaoetos2 _ef abnpfrfaiñe mol nbmolb mo arooeaifs sbjro lf sflum, lf t obrîf mol abnpbrtfnioetb plfeiciafmb y ol lbaus mo abetrbl. Zovistf mo ievostigfaiñe mo sogurimfm, 1? (6), (6), 66?‑6:1.
6. Brgfeizfaiñe Nuemifl mo lf Qflum. (:064). Iecbrno sbjro ol ostfmb nuemifl mo lf sogurimfm vifl :064. Brgfeizfaiñe Nuemifl mo lf Qflum.
:. Olvih, Z., Sff, Dbyo, F.Sifl y Qbroesoe, N.Pujlisdieg (:009).Ol Nfeufl Nomimfs mo ]., Qogurimfm . . Onorflm Linitom.mo
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:0. Hfsnfoi, P., Fnie Qdbhrfvi, C., Dimfreif, F., Dfkizfmod, O., FtrhfrZbusdfe, [., Hfrinzfmod Qdirfzi, H. y Nbetfzori, F. (:06=). Abnpbrtfnioetb mo aopillfmb oetro kñvoeos fmblosaoetos; ²]ioeo
999
Zovistf mo sflum abnueitfrif (:0:6) =3; 99:‑999
lf sovorimfm poraijimf inpbrtf. JNA Qflum Pûjliaf .dttps;//mbi.brg/ 60.6643/6=76-:=?4-6=-4.. 60.6643/6=76-:=?4-6=-4 :6. Mosdpfemo, Q., Jfsil, NM y Jfsil, M[ (:009). Cfatbros quo iecluyoe oe lbs dæjitbs flinoetfribs sflumfjlos oetro lbs ostumifetos ueivorsitfribs; uef fpliafaiñe mol nbmolb mo arooeaifs sbjro lf sflum.Dofltd Nfrhotieg Vufrtorly, :3 (:), (:), 6=?‑63=. 6=?‑63=.dttps;//mbi.brg/60.6040/071?934040:36941 dttps;//mbi.brg/60.6040/071?934040:36941==.
::. Zfznfrf, F., Fgdfnblfoi, ]., Nfmfei, F., Dbssoiei, [. y [fro, Q. (:064). Promiaaiñe mo abemuatfs mo abemuaaiñe sogurf jfsfmfs oe ol nbmolb mo arooeaifs sbjro lf sflum; ol afsb mo lbs tfxistfs oe Jfemfr Fjjfs. Iræe. JNA Qflum Pûjliaf, 64 (6), 6‑4.dttps;//mbi.brg/ 6‑4.dttps;//mbi.brg/ 6 4 (6), 60.6643/ s6:449-064-?100-? s6:449-064-?100-?..
:7. ]fylbr, M., Jury, N., Afnplieg, E., Afrtor, Q., Gfrciolm, Q., Eowjbulm, K. y Zoeeio, ]. (:003). _ef rovisiñe mol usb mol nbmolb mo arooeaifs sbjro lf sflum (DJN), lf tobrîf mo lf faaiñe rfzbefmf (]ZF), lf tobrîf mol abnpbrtfnioetb abnpbrtfnioe tb plfeiciafmb (]PJ) y ol nbmolb trfestoñriab (]]N) pfrf ostumifr y promoair ol afnjib mo abnpbrtfnioetb rolfaibefmb abe lf sflum. Qflum (Qfe Crfeaisab) kueib ,kueib , 6‑:6?. :4. Zbss, ]P, Zbss, L], Zfdnfe, F. y Aftflmb, Q. (:060). Lf osaflf mo fatitumos mol afsab mo jiaialotf; usb mol nbmolb mo arooeaifs mo sflum pfrf promoair ol usb mol afsab oetro ostumifetos ueivorsitfr ueivorsitfribs. ibs.Zovistf mo Qflum mol Ablogib Fnoriafeb, ?9 ((6), 6), :9‑13.dttps;//mbi.brg/ :9‑13.dttps;//mbi.brg/ 60.6040/07==4=46. 60.6040/07==4 =46. :060.=4170:. :060.=4170:.
o ievostigfaiñe oe lf :1. Ofrlo, Q., Llbym, Qimoll,pûjliaf N. y Qpurr, Q. (:007).]obrîf prbnbaiñe moAO, lf sflum . Pujliafaibeos mo sflvif.
:9. Qotif, NQ (:063).Mifrib Qorioiemib Notbmblbgîf Nñmulb 1;36 Ostumibs mo mornftblbgîf, ]rfesvorsflos. (1), :36‑:3=.
:=. Jblbs, F. (:06=).Nétbmbs mo Ievostigfaiñe oe Qflum; Ievostigfemb lf Qflum y lbs Qorviaibs mo Qflum Qflum (Aufrtb) . . Proesf mo lf _eivorsimfm Fjiortf.
10. Jdft, G., Joah, L., Jorgoe, G. y Hrosebw, N. (:06?). Promiatbros mol usb mol aieturñe mo
:?. Frnitfgo, AK y Abeeor, N. (:006). Ociafaif mo lf tobrîf mol abnpbrtfnioetb plfeiciafmb; uef rovisiñe notffeflîtiaf.Zovistf jritæeiaf mo psiablbgîf sbaifl ,=0 , =76‑=99. :3. Grfs, NO, Aueil, N., Qullnfe, NKN, Plfeos, N., & Cbet-Nfyblfs, Q. (:003). Promiatbros mol usb mol aieturñe mo sogurimfm oetro lbs abemuatbros ospföblos.Ievostigfaiñe mo ]rfespbrto Pfrto C ,60 , :31‑:39.
sogurimfm trfsorb oetro fmultbs ostfmbueimoesos, :06: ☃.Mifrib mo Ievostigfaiñe mo Qogurimfm, ?1 , 601‑603.dttps;// 601‑603.dttps;//mbi.brg/60.6063/k.ksr.:06?.01.066 mbi.brg/60.6063/k.ksr.:06?.01.066..
Ebtf mol omitbrQpriegor Efturo so nfetioeo eoutrfl abe rospoatb f lbs
roalfnbs kurismiaaibeflos kurismiaaibeflos oe nfpfs pujliafmbs y fcilifaibeos iestituaibeflos.
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