Objective First Workbook Answers

Answersand recordingscripts Unit 2 Listening

untt I Vocabulary Spellcheck

I l D

I hairstyle;outrageous;jewellery (or jewelry'in US English); bracelets;earrings;expensive;exciting;suits; fashion-conscious;different 2 a b c d

imagine beautiful brilliant beginning

e f g h

writer apologise disappointed Happiness

2 G

3 H

4 E

5 B

Recording script igi{till Youwill hearfive short extractsin whichpeopleare talking aboutcomputergames.For questions1-5, choose from the lkt (A-H) thejob of eachperson.IJsethe lettersonly once. Thereare threeextraletterswhichyou do not needto use. Younow have30 seconds to lookat thequations.

Phrasalverbs

Speaker1

3 a b c d e

The trend in societyis to labelcomputergamesasmindless and anti-social,but I dont sharethat view.Many of the problemteenagers ft need to developrelationshipsand improvetheir socialskills. Introducing computergamesin an earllrsessionoften allowsme to getthrough to thesekids and to win their confidence.I alsofind that playingthesegamesoften makesthem feelbetterabout themselves, and that is so important. I

keep up with pulled on get awaywith; smarten... up dressedup; stood out put together

Reading 4 They datefrom 1886. 5 a False- there is one other pair, accordingto the b c d e f

text False- he paid evenmore for them True - the companyhistorian False- theyhave a leatherpatch Tiue True

6 oldest;the most expensive;the highest;the most important 7 a excessive bordinary d delighted e frayed

cappropriately f remarkably

Grammar Comparison 8 b c d e f g h

Flat shoesare more comfortablethan high-heeledones. Ieansare more casualthan trousers. Supermodelsare thinner than other people. Lily Cole is youngerthan KateMoss. New York is biggerthan SanFrancisco. foggingis lessdangerousthan bungee-jumping. Clubbingis more/lesstiring than studying.

9 a not as cheapas b not as difficult as c not asfast as

A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N G SCRIPTS

Speaker2 Somegamesarevery violent and have extremelygraphic content- lots ofblood and gunfire.I worry aboutwhat that might be doing to a youngpersonwho alreadyhas emotionalissuesof somekind. I know the evidenceisrlt conclusive,but someofthe problemcasesI haveto deal with in my classroomreally makeme think that therecould be a link betweenviolent gamesand aggressive behaviour. j Speaker I neverplayedcomputergamesmuch myselfwhen I was young.The kids I look after areonly eight and ten, and I feelit's not good for them to be exposedto so much violence.But their mum and dad let them pla)'with this stuff at the weekends.so I'm in a rather tricky position.It's alwayseasierwhen the weather'sgood and we can get out to the park to play football,but on a rainy afternoon,I find it hard to sayno sometimes. Speaker4 My job'sgreat!I ve alwaysbeeninto Mangaand cartoons, so working on the visual sideof all thesefantasticnew gameswele developingis pure fun! We often work late to finish a projectand it can takeagesgettinga particular imageright, but it's greatwhen you finally succeed.I'd like to move into animationwork in the future and they may be willing to sendme on a training coursefor that someday.

Speaker5 Im a bit of a nerd, I guess.I taughtmyselfprogramming languagewhen I was barely into my teensand did computer scienceat uni. Steveand I startedthe companytwo yearsago and now there are five ofus: Debra is our sales managerand we havetwo anazingguys for the graphics, who work hard to guaranteeour gameslook better than the rest. Stevegeneratesmost of the creativeideas,I come up with all the proerammine solutions and then the art team doesthe business!

2 board games 3 a business bappreciate cinterrupting d working out problems e chance f limit g keen h plonk

Grammar Reviewof presenttenses 4 Suggested verbs a5 says;are rising bl believq offer c3 are spending;means d4 arc stopping;think e2 seem;involve know 2like 3keeps 4realises/knows 5 forgets/hates 6 hate 7 likes 8 sounds 9 understands l0 wish

Vocabulary 6 Verticalword: internet I graphics 2 clone 4 opponent 5 version 7 solve 8 effects

3 adventure 6 weapons

7 a anti-social bmessy cdemanding d aggressive e sophisticated

Unit 3 Vocabulary I a cruise btourists cferry d yacht e hotels f harbour g cabin h travel agent i flight

Phr'asalverbs 2 f 6 a

3 a feel like d ring up 4 a b c d e

haveto / must haveto / must dont have to need

e f g h

let had to neednt isnt permitted

Prepositions of location 6 I off 2in 3on 4 on 5 across/over 6 round/around 7 on 8in 10to 9to

3 b 7 c

4 e 8 d

b depart for c put up with e recovering from f continue

Formal, written Informal, written Formal,written Formal,spoken Informal, spoken

I a Africa b SanDiego c the silver-maneddrill monkey

d four

e eight

Guessing unknownwords 3 a b c d e f g h i j

to restart/ start againwith a new population of animals beginning no longer on Earth a discovery/ significantdevelopment to make/grow stored/kept metal containers edge I a small pool of water seeing

Listening 4 I insects 2 biology 3 pandas 4 rain/wet (weather) 5 food 6 talks 7 finger 8 radio 9 teachers 10 China

Recordingscript S!ffi Youwill hear a zoo keepercalledHelena Tomkins,talking abouther work.For questions1-10, completethesentences with a word or shortphrase. Younow have45 secondsto look at the questions.

Travelquiz

2 L g 5 h

5 a b c d

Unit 4 Reading

Reading

5l

Grammar Obligation, necessity andpermission

f g h i j

Formal, spoken Formal, written Informal/semi-formal,written Informal, spoken Informal, spoken

Helena: Hello. Thank you for inviting me here to talk to you today. I ve wanted to work with animals ever since I wasfour or five yearsold. What really interestedme wasnot looking after catsor dogslike other children, but lying in the long grasswatchinginsects.That interest in nature stayedwith me throughout my childhood and when fairly young,I decidedto becomea zoo keeper. In order to achievemy aim I had to work hard to get into university. I did biology, though for my job you can do a variety of different degreesaslong as they have someconnectionwith animals- things like zoology obviously, and psychology and animal scienceare fine too. When you'reappointedasa zoo keeper,you generally work with just one speciesof animal.I worked with the sealions for a couple of yearsbut for the last few months Ive beenin chargeof the p11das,which is particularly

A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S

excitingasthey'rean endangeredspeciesand we havea specialbreedingprogrammein place. There aresomedownsidesto being a zoo keeper.We sometimeshaveto work quite long hours,sometimesall night, especiallyin the hospitalwhen an animal'ssick, but I dont really mind that asit's part of the job. What doesget me, however,is the rain. It's quite hard to make yourselfgo outsidewhen it's wet. Eventhe animalsdont like it! My typical day usuallystartsaround sevenotlock. I guessthe main task I havein the morning is getting the food ready,I don't cleanout the enclosures.Someone elseis responsiblefor that. Then, in the afternoon, I write up health reportsor assistwith any medical I also do procedures.On Saturdaysand Wednesdays talks,but that'sonly in the summerwhen we havea lot of visitors. In the winter it's obviously much quieter and I can get more involvedin researchprojects. The animalsI look after can be dangerousso you need to take carewhen you're around them. Early on in my career,a monkey bit my finger but I only neededa few stitches.SomeoneelseI worked with had his arm bitten by a tigea so I ve beenlucky! That sort of thing doesnt happenvery often though, I'm pleasedto say! I dont haveto carry a stick or anythingto protect myself, but what you do haveto havewith you is a radio and if we get on that, someone'llcomerunning immediately. It's alwaysgood to know that there are other peoplearound to give you a hand ifthings get difficult with an animal. The visitors are usuallygreat,especiallythe children. The peoplewho do irritate me though are sometimes the teacherswho bring their classto the zoo.They often dont spendenoughtime talking to their pupils, explainingabout eachanimal. I think they seeit as a day out really. It's a pity as it's a missed opportunity I alwaysthink. As to the future, you do get attachedto the animals youre looking after,so it would be hard for me to leavethem at the moment. Howeve! there are a couple of things I might do in the future. I've beenoffered the chanceto go to China next spring to seehow my animalsbehavein the wild. There'salsoa possibilityof going to the USA to work on a breedingproject,but that'snot going to happenfor a few yearsyet. I do hopewhat I've told you hasgivenyou someinsight into what I do. I can definitelyrecommendbeing a zoo keeper!

6 a duty-free bcross-eyed clong-distance d absent-minded e hand-made f first-class o second-class/second-hand h self-catering/self-made D I right-handediright-hand/right-minded / a hand-made/second-hand blong-distance c second-hand d cross-eyed/absent-minded/right-handed e duty-free ffirst-class/second-class gself-catering

Unit 5 Vocabulary l

l 4 7 l0 13

disaster earlier worried thought conditions

3 dreadful 6 unhelpful 9 surprised 12 spend 15 refund

2compensation 5 worse 8 opposite 11 meant 14 stiff

Grammar of pasttenses Review blow

blew

blown

find

found

found

grab

grabbed

grabbed held

I

hold

held

keep

kept

kept

realise

realised

realised

shake

shook

shaken

sink

sank

sunk

try

tried

tried

wave

waved

waved

3 I saw 5 happened

2 knew 6 went

3 had taken 7 realised

4 tried 8 had interfered

endings Suggested a The cliff wasgettingnearerand nearer,so Harry threw himself out of the window and landed on the ground, unharmed.The car went over the cliff. b He swervedinto a field on his left and noticedthe largest pile of hay he had everseen.He thought quickly.He drove into the haystackand thankfully survived. c Harry went to piecesand screamedand shoutedasthe car went over the cliff. It landed200 metresbelow and burst into flames,with Harry inside.

Reading 4 1 F 9 F

2 E 3 B T O D

4 A

5 F

4 B

5 C

6 B

Unit 6 Listening

Grammar as andlike 5 a as (well) as b like glike e as fas

Compoundadjectives

c like

d as

SCRIPTS A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N G

I I A

2 C

3 B

6 C

7 C

8 D

Recording script si$M Youwill hearpeopletalkingin sk dffirent situations.For questions1-6, choosethe bestanswer(A, B or C). Question1 Youheara man tellinga womanabout a new musical. Man: I've just beento seethat new musicalthat everyone's talking about. Woman: Oh really,and is the plot as good aspeoplesay?I think the writer haswon awardsfor his earlierwork. Man: Yeah,and it's not bad at all, althoughthere are one or two bits that didnt work, which I got rather irritated by. For me, what stood out wasthe peopleplaying the two Ieadineroles.They were excellent,which is more than can be said for the songs.I found them unimpressivefor the most part, just one clich6after another. Woman: Well, it soundsas if I should go and seeit sometime,anyway. [The recordingis repeated.] Question2 Youheara womantalkingabouta hotel. Woman: This five-star hotel may not be affordablefor most of us, but it's frequently chosenby the rich and famous,who love to be photographedthere. The hotel hasbeenredevelopedby one of the world'smost talented designers,and everyroom showsevidenceofhis style and flair. I was taken to the library for tea where I spent ageslooking at the hugecollectionofleather-bound booksdisplayedfloor to ceilingon the longestwalls. But when I tried to take one down, I realisedthat they were all fake! A library with unreadablebooks seemsa departure from good tasteto me, and I would personally knock a starofffor it! [The recordingis repeated.] Questionj Youheara girl and a boy talkingabout beingfamous. GirL So what would you find hard about your life if you becamea superstarone day,a big footballermaybe?I hope you'dstill treat me the sameway! Boy: Of courseI would, fackie,friendshipsdont change.I dunno, arethere any drawbacks?You could basicallyhave whateveryou wanted . . . a nice car,a big house. .. You'd haveplenty of money coming in and everyonewould make a big fussof you, wouldnt they? Girt I supposeyou re right but you canhavetoo much attention,you know.And what aboutthe publicity?Itl hate that sideof it. lmaeineqoineout to the shopsand havine photographersfollowing you down the street.What a hassle! Boy: Thatil be fun! I'm sureyou'dget usedto it, an).way. It's part of the lifestyle. [The recordingis repeated.]

Question4 Youhearan interviewaboutswimwear. Interviewer: I m with Liam O Neill, and we'resurrounded by his latestrangeof swimwearthat'scauseda real sensationhere atthe ClothesShow.Liam, why do you thinkyouve doneso well this year? Liam: It's unbelievable,isn t it? . . . I dunno, it's kind of strange.The new storeshavecreateda lot of interest throughout the country and I guesspeoplewantedto comeand seefor themselves. Interviewer: Liam, your displayis most impressive- how did you move all that sand? Liam: We had three lorries driving through the night to get here - it just wouldnt be right to launch swimwear without the beach! [The recordingis repeated.] Question5 Youheara wornantalkingon thephone. Woman: Hello, is that the newsdeskof the Daily Times?Yes, I m ringing with someinformation . . . you see,I'm a close friend of HeatherWoods... lastweeksjac\pot winner, that'srisht. I know shedoesnt want anv publiciw but if the price is right. I'm willing to give you a story.I mean it's ridiculous, all that money and she'ssitting there miserably! I could visit your office tomorrow . .. or gmail you somethingif you prefer.... OK, that soundsinteresting, my number's0208... [The recordingis repeated.] Question6 Youoverheara man callinga hotel. Man: Good afternoon.It's fack White again- I calledyou this morning and made a booking for three nights next week,a double room with bath?Well, Ive checkedwith my wife and the room booking is fine so no changes there,but I'd like to checksomething.You told me the room rate would include breakfastbut not dinner, yet the advertisementon Lour websiteclaimsthat IS included for all bookin$-made in March. So it must apply to us. surely? ... OK, I'll hold for the manager,thank you . . . [The recordingis repeated.]

Grammar withif andunless Conditionals 2 ahadntbought bclaims coffered dphones e grabbed f hadntbeen g wasnl/werent h endedup 3 a Lottery winners usually find it difficult to sleepafter they haveheardthe news. b I rarely havetime to readlong novelsthesedays. c Peoplearealwaystelling me to stop working so hard. d Beforethe storm, I never worried about thosetreesnear the house. e Now if its windy, I'm often woried that they'll fall on us. f What'shappenedto John?He'snormally hereby this time.

A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S

hardlygot/hadanysleep Writing ableto keepup with 4 Punctuatedreport enjoybeing Report on the regionalcollegefootball competitionheld on in dangerdue/owing 3rd May Venue Vocabulary This year the competitionwasheld at Highworth College. 5 a talent (not necessarilyto do with being famous);nouns This was an excellentchoiceofvenue asthere are six b give (not receiving);verbs football pitchesavailable,all in excellentcondition. c delight (positivefeeling);nouns The competition d irritated (differentemotion); adjectives All the teamsin the competitionwerevery experienced e keepaway(not to do with solving problems);phrasalverbs and playedto a good level.This provided excellent f rarely (oppositemeaning);adverbs entertainmentfor the spectators.The matchesgot off to a Writing slow start,mainly becauseof the bad weather- it rained 6 a I dont go to the theatrevery often becausethere heavilythroughout the morning but this clearedup after isnt one in my town. lunch. Then, therewere a few incidentswherethe referee's b (Please)could I useyour phone (please)? decisionwas questioned,but generallythe matcheswere all c (Yesterday)I bought her a lovely blue silk dress(yesterday). playedin a positiveway with good team spirit. d Alan neverusedto be keen on swimming. The result e Quite a few membersof the audiencewere students. The two finalistswere ChedburyManor Collegeand f I would eatItalian food when I lived in New York. Fulbrook High. The final scorewas 2-0 to Chedburyand g The crowd watchedquietly asthey pulled down the old it was a good win for them. Their striker wasparticularly cinema. impressiveand could perhapsevenbe consideredfor a h The man askedhim if he could give him somemoney. professionalclub if he wantedto take that route.All in all' sheis also i Not only doesAlison like bananas/apples, a very good day'ssport. keen on apples/bananas. answer 5 Suggested j I haveneverbeenso horrified in my life. Hi Kim I It wasgreatto hear from you and I'm really looking forward Unlt 7 to you coming to my college.It's a greatplaceand pretty Reading well-known for sport. For swimming, it's necessaryto go 2 A 3 B 4 G 5 C 6 F 1 l E into the town as our collegedoesnt havea swimming pool' Grammar There'sa really good one there and studentsget a discount. It's open everyeveningand at the weekend.I'm not sure 1 andinfinitives Gerunds about swimming competitionsthough. 2 a lenny suggestedgoing to the partyin a taxi. We havea football team,which I'm on. I know you are a b I look forward to hearing from you in the near future. greatgoal-keeperso I'm suretherewould be spacefor you! c I dont mind doing it. There are four pitchesat the collegeand matchestake place d I'm interestedin learning Spanish. betweendifferent collegeseveryweekendduring the season. e. Correct When you arrive,go and seethe coach,Mr Andrews - he f I'll help you with your homeworkwhen I finish wtiting usedto play football professionallybeforehe becamethe my letter. coachat our college. g I am usedto doing the washing-up. We alsohavebadminton and alsohockey.You might alsobe h Correct to know that therdsa gym which hassomevery interested i Correct equipment.I go there in my lunch hour to work up-to-date j Im going to town to buy a new jumper. popular so you haveto put your name on the It's out. very k I objectto paying to park my car. before. list the week I I cant afford to lend you any more money. for you to arrive! Cant wait m Correct

4l

5 ifyoudontleave 6 2 impossibleto request 7 3 (just)incasel 4 never miss/ never fail to watch 8

Vocabulary 3 a win e clubs

bnil f give

c referee g laps

d court

SCRIPTS A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N G

Unit I Listening 1 1 H

2 F

3 C

4 E

5 A

Recording script *!38 Youwill hearfive short extractsin whichpeopleare talking about thejob theywantedto do when theywereyoung. For questions1-5, choose from the list (A to H) what each speakersays.Usethe lettersonly once.Thereare threeextra Ietterswhichyou do not needto use, Younow have30 seconds to lookat theauestions. Speaker1 My dad usedto own a restaurantand everyweekendI had a job helping out in the kitchen.I guesshe wantedme to be a chef or somethinglike him. But I usedto spendmy time lookine at the customersinstead.I wasfascinatedbv how thev behaved- whetherthev would tip the waiters and whv thines like that. I readlots ofbooks on both animal and human behaviourtoo and endedup doing zoologyat universityand then becominga university lecturer on that subject- a bit different from looking into people'sminds. which is what I was keen on in my younger

&ys. Speaker2 I guesseveryonewantsto do somethingreally cool when theyre young, dont they,like being a pop singeror flying to the moon on a spacerocket.I neverdid really.I used to readlots of crime bookswhen I wasyoungerand try and copy the style.I think I sawm)'selfasanotherAgatha Christie.producineloadsof paperbacks.It's funnv reallv as my sisterjoined a band and becamequite famous.I ended up working in a zoo,looking after the elephants.I love it and cant imaginedoing anythingelsenow. Speaker3 I wasnt very good at school- only at music and drama. My teachersput me in all the stageproductionswe had. I would spendageslearnine the words of the tunestill I wasword perfect.I loved evervthineabout it. from the costumesto standinson staeewith the audienceclapoine - it was all I everwantedto do. Anyway,things didnt turn out that way as I didnt get into drama school. Now I seereal-lifedrama on the streets,investigatingcrime. I'm what they call a criminal psychologist.I still get to perform though - but usuallyin court, giving evidence. Speaker4 What was I like when I was young?Well, I loved helping my mum do the cooking and I was alwaysreadingscience fiction. I neversawtheseasmy future careersthough. It was alwavsanimalsfor me. I suess.Nothine huee.More snidersand lizards.I could seemvselfsDendinemv life takins careof them. Teachinethe public about them too. My mum thought I was mad and spenther time trying to convinceme to do enoughschoolworkto go into sciencemaybeevenbe an astronaut! Speaker5 My brother wantedto be a famousdetective.He even bought a magnifying glassand a notebookwherehe'd

write down what the neighbours were doing. I think they mustve thought he was a bit weird. I alwaysdid. He thought I was weird too, I guess.He'd make fun of me spending all my time in the kitchen following different recipes.He didn't mind eatinethe results.thoueh. So,I reckonI must'vedone somethingright. And, I actually fulfilled my childhood ambition as I'm beginningto get quite well known now. He, on the other hand, is more normal and endedup asa teacherat our local college, teachingcreativewriting.

Vocabulary Verbcollocations 2 a does e spending

btastes f keep

c spend g broke

d had

Adverb-adjective collocations 3 highly praised,amusing deeplydisappointed,ashamed perfectlyhappy,reasonable, serious a b c d

deeplydisappointed highly amusing perfectlyreasonable perfectlyserious

e highly praised f deeplyashamed g perfectlyhappy

Definitions 4 afeast e sensible

blandmark f hideous

c critical g broom

d decent

Grammar usedto andwould 5 I 4 6 8 l0 12 l4

usedto do / did 2 found 3 discovered included 5 usedto spend/ would spend would use/ used 7 confirmed usedto be / was 9 usedto take / would take / took usedto be / were ll usedto walk / would walk usedto be / were 13 usedto visit / would visit estimated

Unit I Reading I It is giving them misleadinginformation on product packaging. 2 I E

2 G

3 A

4 D

5 F

6 B

3 a regulations;rules;code;verdict b letting . .. down; get awaywith; call on

Grammar Speculation anddeduction 4 acould/might e must 5 I 2 3 4

ccant bmust f couldimight

might havebeendoneby looking forward to going doesyour uncle do for down to planning

5 6 7 8

dcant/couldnt

must havebeenpaid in getting the/their message would havebeenableto madean impressionon

A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S

Vocabulary Collocations 6 c, f, gand h do not collocatewith broad;deepcouldbe used with c, f and h, and wide*ith g. 7 a jingle

b slogan cbudget

dbrand

U n i t1 0 Vocabulary I T C 5 A

2 8 6 B

3 D 7 D

4 C 8 A

b at his best c at once 2 a At first e at war; at (long) last f at risk

d at least

Listening 3 l c

2 L

3 B

4 B

s C

6 A

7 C

Recording script *iffi writer Youwill hearan interviewwith a science-fiction For questions1-7, choosethe bestanswer calledled Stevens. (A, B or C). Younow haveone minute to look at the questions. Interviewer: JedStevens,welcometo the studio.Now, you'vebeenwriting successfulsciencefiction for almost three decades,but at what agewould you recommend othersto start writing it? |ed: That'sa good question.I playedaround with ideas right through my teens,which is fine for your own amusement,but you just dont havethe knowledge or scopeto take it on seriouslyuntil you'reout in the world. In your twentiesis about right. Thereare a few writers who haveturned to sciencefiction much later,in retirement,though I seethat as risky commercially. Interviewer: So what led you to sciencefiction in the first place? fed: Well, it would be convenientto sayit wasweeklydoses of Star Trek,which wason televisionwhen I wasa kid, but in actualfact, I couldnt standit! My elderbrother loved it and he listenedto stuff on the radio too, but that didnt work for me - I wantedvisual imagesto stimulate my imagination,and I found them in a colourful comic strip that I consumedever)'weekwithout fail. Interviewer: And as a writer, is there an1'thingin particular that hasbeenhelpful to you? |ed: To createmy stories,do you mean?I guessI've got a lot from locationswhereI've spentsometime - I've neverlived in one placefor more than five years,and unusualenvironmentsinspire me. My earlywork as a programmerwasthe opposite,no help at all, so I left in the end to follow my dream.Living whereI do now I'm in touch with a lot of scientists,but they'regenerallytoo focusedon reality to be usefulto my brand of fantasy! Interestingpeoplethough. lnterviewer: You'vewritten 25 novels,but what was the very first publicationof yours to comeout?

SCRIPTS A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N G

fed: It washard at the start,you know ..' I desperately wantedto get publishedand I rememberI tried with a short story, but everyonesaid they'd only consider a whole collection,so that wasout. Then I decidedto enter a competitionfor first novelsbut I missedthe deadline.(Im still polishing that novel 30 yearslater!) No, it was a modestpiecein a magazineabout life in other galaxies... from smallbeginnings,eh? Interviewer: Well, you obviously found the magic ingredient!And what'sthe attractionnow? I'm sureyou dont really needthe money. |ed: It's alwaysbeenthe samethrill. Sciencefiction allows you to find fresh angleson how peoplelive and interact. You mentioned earnings,but they were really only necessarywhile my kids weregrowing up. TodayI get by on next to nothing.I know I could makea lot more if I accepteda role in the filming of my stories,but I m just not into that sideof the business. Interviewer: |ed, ifyou look back over your 30 yearsin the business,asyou put it, what haschangedin science fiction writing? fed: Strangelyenough,given all the technologicalprogress weVeseensincethe 80s,it's not the storylinesthemselves that have altered,but the storytelling itself - that's improvedhugelFin my view.The other aspectthat somepeoplecommenton is that the novelshavebecome shorterover the years,but I dont think there'sany evidencefor that . .. not in my case,anyway! Interviewer: OK, and what do you seehappeningto the human racein the future, say50 yearsfrom now? Jed:Well I dont havea crystalball but my thoughtsare that governmentfunding for spaceexplorationwill than everdue to a lack of becomemore necessar)' resourceson Earth. I dont think peoplewill be able to get beyondour solarsystem,but I'm certainthat unmannedvehicleswill be sentthat far, with fascinating results.I alsobelievethat we'll havestartedexploiting distant placesfor water by then, on an icy moon of |upiter maybe. Interviewer: Who knows?Jed,it's been really good to talk to you today,thank you. )ed: My pleasure.

Grammar Reviewof futuretenses 4 Suggested answers a Within 20 years,a mannedspacecraftwill havelanded on Mars. b In ttre 22nd century,it may be possibleto launch starships,whosedestinationwould be other galaxies. c Soon,peoplewill be ableto travel to low orbit and the journey time betweenEuropeand New Zealandwill be only an hour.

new job in New York and they moved out last week.They were quite fun, but a bit noisy. They often usedto have large family parties and the young children would run around shouting.Their parentsand their grandpaand grandma werenice though.

Writing answer 5 Suggested Betweenl0 and 12 fanuary,2020,Elwood Collegeof Technologyis hosting a conferenceon future developments in space.The guestspeakerswill include,science-fiction writer |ohn T. Price and the leadingscientistProfessorPaul Rhodes,who will be speakingabout his latestresearch.The discussionswill covertopics suchasbeam-uptechnology, moon settlementsand how to contactaliens.

The new neighbours are a family with identical twin girls, aged 15. They're very pretty and, so far, seemquite friendly. I hope I'll be ableto tell them apart.Their dad cameover yesterdayto sayhello and wdre going to havethem over for a barbequenext weekend.I'll write and let you know if my first impressionof them was right!

Unit 'l1 Vocabulary

Thatb all my news for now. Hope you're keeping well.

Wordformation I I 4 7 2 a b c d e f

Love,

personality 2 appearance 3 likely Scientists 5 relationships 5 choice social 8 reasonable nervous/uneasy afraid terrified pleased delighted/thrilled overjoyed disappointed unhappy miserable/depressed interested fascinated eager obsessed surprised astonished shocked speechless stunning attractive lovely beautiful

English American 3 on the underground shegot/becamereally embarrassed 4 L g 7 e

2 f 8 h

3 k 9a

s j 6 b 4 i 10c ffd

Writing 5 Dear |ody, Thanks for your letter; it was good to hear from you. You'll be pleasedto know that I've found someoneto share the flat with. She'scalled ElenaRichmann and she'san actressfrom Canada.I interviewed about 20 peoplebefore I saw her. She'svery nice and we really get on well together.Let me tell you a bit abouther. Shet about lm 50cm in height and has short, blach curly hair; in fact shelooks a bit like your sister! She'sincredibly lively so she should be fun to havearound. Were both interestedin the sametype of films and we seem to havesimilar tastesin music. Shehatescooking so I wont haveto worry about having a messykitchen! One drawback is that, when she is making a movie, she needsto get up really early,about 4.30in the morning, to ' go to the setto get her make-upand costumesortedout. Shesaysshe'll be really quiet, so we'll haveto see.Anyway, I havent noticed any bad habitsyet! You must meet her why dont you come over to the flat next Saturday and we can havea meal together?Drop me a line to let me know. Love, Tanya answer 6 Suggested

Unit 'l2 Reading l

I D

2 B

3 A

4 D

5 B

6 D

Grammar Thepassive 2 a b c d e f g h i j k I m n o p

I had to be trained by the manager. Usuallycuckooclocksare made out of wood. The scienceexhibition will be visited by many people. My camerawas stolenon the bus. He had his bike stolen. . It hasbeenproved that water freezesat 0 degreesC. Frenchis spokenhere. Many designshavebeen made for new planes. The houseis being painted at the moment. The car is being cleanednow. Maria was born in April. A jet is flown by Hamid every day. They wereaskedto aparty. Todaysmeetingis cancelled/ hasbeen cancelled. My housewas built last year. I was hurt in a road accident.

Vocabulary verbswithcomeandtake Phrasal 3 a inherited b resembles c started(a new hobby) f facelmeet d regainconsciousness e running g like h produce i understand/absorb j found/discovered(by chance) k accepting/getting

Listening 4 I 80 2 mechanic 3 library 8 plastic 6 cousin 7 bicycle

4 light 9 TV

5 water 10 potatoes

Recording script 4$iM Youwill heara woman talkingabouta man calledWilliam, who built a windmill in his vilhge in Africa. For questions with a word or shortphrase. 1-10, completethesentences

Dear Lynne,

Younow have45 secondsto look at the questions.

I thought I'd write and tell you all my latest news.We've got new neighbours.You rememberI told you that we had a large family living next door? Well, the father has got a

Woman: On my radio show today,Im going to be telling you the amazingstory of William. William was born and grew up in a smallvillagein Malawi in Africa. He wasnt

A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S

naturally academicat schooland, in fact, he had to leave schoolat the ageof 14becausehis family couldnt afford to pay the $80 tuition fees. His family werefarmersand they wantedWilliam to becomeone too but William had ambitionsto be a mechanic.This looked doubtful becausethe family had no money and so William had to help out in the fields. He still had somefree time though so he would spend it in the local library. Therehe found two textbooks - Explaining Physicsand UsingEnergy- and from them, William found out all about how you could get electricityfrom windmills. William'svillagewasvery poor but it did havea lot of wind. He could seethat electricitywould solvea number of problemsfor his family and,bestof all, he would be ableto havea light in his room so he could readat night. William could seethat having a windmill to make electricitywould mean freedomfor himself and his family. The electricitywould be ableto quickly pump water to his family'sfields of maize,which would allow them to grow more food.

b Chris Searlesaidthat that morning he had gonein through the side entrance.The schoolsecretarywas/ had been handing out the registersasnormal, but there couldnt have beenmore than 20 or 30 kids in the whole building. c A pupil saidthat while they were/ had beenoutsidethe gates,teachershad come acrossand (had) talked to them. Somewerei had beensympathetic,though they werent / hadnl beenableto admit it. Somewere/ had beenaggressive and had thrown gym shoesat them. d Chris Searlesaidthat thosechildrenwere/ had beenmade to feel that being ordinary meant failure. He arguedthat it is the ordinary peopleand their daily work that make a country.(Presenttenseis usedasthis is an ongoingtruth.)

Vocabulary 4 I made a good impression 2 make senseof 4 made their move 3 made useof 5 madetheir feelingsknown 5 a make b had c made ddo

e made f go on / start g take ... make h take

He decidedto build a windmill near his house.His father wastoo busy so he askedhis cousinto help him and they spentsometime trying to find the necessary parts.Luckily,they managedto get hold of a bic)'cle someonehad thrown awayand which they usedto form the basisof the windmill. They mainly usedthe chain and the dynamo.For the windmill bladesthey usedan old plaslle pipe which they cut in two and heatedover hot coalsto make flat. This all took a long time but the result wasworth it.

Unit'!4 Vocabulary

The windmill was a greatsuccessand currently the village hasthree ofthem and the villagerscan all go to watch TV aswell asenjoy all the other benefitselectricity hasbrought. William is now older and is keento build windmills acrossthe whole of his country.William's family can now harvestother cropsbesidesmaizesuch aspelatocs.The peoplein the village aremuch healthier and happierthan they werebeforeand other children are beginning to study scienceasthey can now seehow usefrrl it is to their lives.

2 I B

U n i t1 3 Reading 2 L E

2 G

3 C

4 A

5 D

6 F

Grammar Reporting 3 a Zeinaidasaidthat shehad goneto the local paperand had told them their plans.They (had) askedher some questionsto checkher out, but in the end they (had) promisedto run the story.

A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N G SCRIPTS

Word formation llselection 2 specialise 3 massive 4 availability

i make/made j makes/made

I 5imaginative 6 unexpectedly 7 obviously 8 expansion

Listening 2 B

3 A

4 C

5 C

Recording script e!$@ Youwill hearpeopletalking in five dffirent situations.For questions1-5, choosethe bestanswer(A, B or C). Question1 Youheara man talkingabout his workinglife. Man: I havent alwaysbeeninvolvedin the catering industry. In fact, I trained asa lawyer,althoughI've neveractuallyworked for a law firm. I spenta few yearswriting articlesfor a law magazine,which I quite enjoyed,but I alwaysknew this waswhat I really wantedto do - the kitchen is my true home! I turned professionallast year,after I won a TV competitionto find the best amateurin the country.Sincethen, I've neverlooked back. [The recordingis repeated.] Question2 aboutgettingafurther qualification. Youheara conversation Woman: So I hear you're going back to studyrngfor a while? Man: That'sright, its a full-time coursein marketing.My company'sgoing to pay half the feesand I've agreedto work for them for at leasta year afterwardsin return, though in a differentjob, obviously.

Woman: I'm surprisedyou didnt decideto do something part-time to keepyour salarycoming in! Man: I thought about it but I'd rather concentrateon the course,to be honest.I've manaeedto savequite a bit, so I shouldbe OK. [The recordingis repeated.] Question3 Youheara wornantalkingabout her career, Woman: I've been involved in fashion photographyfor more than ten yearsnow. Peopleare often quite envious of what I do, but it's hard worh with very long days sometimes.It's getting more and more competitive too, so it's hard to make a good living nowadays.Not that it was the money that attractedme in the first place!I suppose I was drawn bv the opportunitv to visit someexotic locations - that was certainly more important to me than the famouspeopleI'd get the chanceto work with. [The recordingis repeated.] Question4 Youhear twopeopleat work discussing a colleague. Woman: Mark, can I have a word with you? I m getting very impatientwith Becky. Man: Why's that? I ve alwaysfound her very easyto get on with. Woman: Well, that'snot the problem.She'sa lovely person, but wheneverI askher for something,sheneverseems to know whereto look and takesagesto find what I need.Now sheseemsto havemislaid a really important file that I gaveher last week. Man: OK. Look, I m responsiblefor her so I'll havea quiet word - I know she'sbeen a bit overworked recently,but it soundslike sheneedsto sort herselfout a bit. Woman: Thanks Mark, I appreciateit. Man: No problem. [The recordingis repeated.] Question5 Youheara man talkingabout the skilk neededfora new positionin his department. Man: This is a new role in the salesand marketing department,to assistin the launch of our latestproduct range.The post is initially for two yearsand this help is neededimmediately,so we'reencouraginginternal people to apply.The successfulapplicant will be given someresponsibilityfor checkingcostsand updating sales budgets,so althoughwe'renot askingfor a mathsdegree, a school-levelcertificatein that subjectis essential.The job will require an elementof direct sellingby phone,all carried out in English- anotherlanguagemight be an advantage,but we're not demanding that. And we can provide basictraining in telephonesellingtoo. Please contactHuman Resourcesif you are interested,as soon aspossible. [The recordingis repeated.]

Writing TTosumup 4 Inanycase 5 On the other hand 6 Again

5lAlthough 2 So 3 in his case

Grammar allandthewhole b wholeof

6 a thingsof all e allofa

c thewhole

d all

U n i t1 5 Vocabulary I

I B 5 B

2 A 6 C

3 B 7 B

4 D 8 A

2 a recycled blitter d drought e floods g shower h pollutants

csecond-hand f flash i fossilfuels

Writing 31As 2Despite 3when 4Besides 5 So 6 Although 7 because/ as a result l0 Furthermore 8 asa result 9 though

Grammar some,any,no,every 5 aanything/something b anyone/anybody c everywhere d No one / Nobody e something

f anywhele g arything h Everyone/Everybody i anything

U n i t1 6 Reading 1 l c 6 A

2 L 7 C

3 8 8 B

4 D 9D

5 C TOB

3 D

4 G

5 F

Listening 2 I B

2 E

Recording script i$iro Youwill hearfive short extractsin whichpeopleare talking aboutfood. For questions1-5, choosefromthe list (A-H) what eachwriter says.Usethe lettersonly once.Thereare threeextra letterswhichyou do not needto use. to lookat thequestions. Younow havei0 seconds Speaker1 I tend not to believepeoplewho saythey write for eight hours a day.I write for about three hours after breakfast. It's then that my mind is least cluttered. I never eat at my desk.It's messyenoughas it is. But food is important to my writing. You can learn aboutthe charactersthrough their attitudeto food. Food provokespowerful feelings- a senseof family, for example,when everyonesits down to eattogether,or hate,ifyou take food awayfrom someone, especiallya child. In fact, I often write so much about food that my editor hasto cut largebits out when shereadsit.

A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S

Speaker2 I work a long morning - that'swhen I can be at my most creative.I keepgoing until I cant do any more' By about two o'clockI realiseI m really hungry and could eatthe entire contentsof the fridge. One of the greatpleasuresof working at home is that you can be selfishabout eating. I think you haveto watch out for food in fictionr it's vital that it doesrftjust becomesomesort of recipebook' I know somewriters who just fill the pageswith food - their charactersseemto eat all the time. I cant do that. Speakerj I wasborn in New York and my grandparentshad a restaurant.I really loved their Italian dishes.Ravioli was my favouriteand still is. One of the cooksthere made great American food too and I usedto go back to her home frequentlyfor mealswith her family. I basedone of my novelson that family - it centresround a detectivewho hasa difficult job but a greathappyfamily. If I m happy with what I've written in a da)'.I give myself chocolate'Not too much though asI dont want to pile on the pounds. Speaker4 I'm not easilydistractedby food and I dont seeit as somethingyou should haveasa reward.For me, it's somethingthat you needto live. As I love writing I spenda lot of time at my desk.I like to start around 9.30and then work until one.I dont like fancy recipesthat take agesto prepare.Somethinglike toastor soup is fine by me. After lunch I havea quick nap and then go shoppingor to the library. I then work until sevenand watch the news'Later I go out to eatin one of the greatrestaurantsin my area.

Wordformation 1 I 2 3 4

When I'm writing, my main character,a detective,takes me over completely.After I get up' I go to the caf6on the corner and havea coffee.and I usedto havea pastr)''but not now I'm dieting. Then I sit down and write until about three,not stoppingfor lunch. Onceyou start a novel,you dont switch off, so you needpausesto think about what you'regoing to write next. I usedto fill thosepauseswith chocolatebarsbut I've managedto stop that now. My characterwouldnt cook at all, but I can do a really good beef stew.

c record d good causes

e get hooked f bound

3 a unlikely b liking

c Iike d likeness

e likeable

Writing answer 4 Suggested The haggis,which must be preparedaccordingto the traditional recipe,shouldbe cooledat the time of hurling. The haggis,which will be inspectedfor illegalfirming agents,must not breakon landing.A haggishurler who has the misfortuneto seehis haggissplit will be disqualified. For the junior and middle-weightevents,wherethe haggis shouldweigh approximately500grams,the haggisshouldbe no longer than22 cm with a maximum diameterof 18 cm.

Grammar

3 2so 4 l as 7 5 made 6 order

4up 8 like

A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S

3be 4a ' 7 where/when

2to 6 no

5 lit/this 5 whose 8 which

U n i t1 8 Reading 2 F

4 C

3 A

6 B

5 G

Vocabulary 2

a

T H R I

c

T

L

L

ol A

E

L U S T R A

T.) e o T

T R U

c

X

e

N E C

D

\

N

el

L

E

o

r

A

D

T

E

I

?

N H

I

H

B T L

R A

c

N

L

I

C

K R Y T U

N

ts I

C

G

R

4 P H

I

N

C

5

cl

E N

E

T

T N

Y d An, a, the e a, the, t -, the, the

energetic unusual collection Alternatively

2 a swells b kick off

W E

Grammar Thearticle

) 6 7 8

inclusion endless competitions analysis

I I D

Speaker5

3 a a,the b -, the c the, -, the

U n i t1 7 Vocabulary

5

o

o rl

R

K E E H X

o

w

E

5

T

C

1

l L

El I E N h A - II I RI E V I E w A R Y o P

M

o

F

L

L-

I L

_v

Grammar enough,toolvery,so,such 3 a b c d e f g h

I haveneverread such a long book asthis one. The story was so complicatedthat I gaveup. Hardbackbooksare (much) too expensive. Not enoughbookswereordered' I wasso/very sadto hear of the novelist'sdeath. It was such an exciting Plot. The print in this paperbackisrlt big enough. Characterssuch astheseare quite unusual.

3too 2too 4Lvery 6 such 7 enough 8 such 13 enough 12 very ll so

4 very 9 very 14 such

5 so 10 too 15 too

Listening s l c

2 B

3 C

4 L

5 A

6 B

7 C

Recordingscript {flfu Youwill heara radio interviewwith a womanwho hasdone For questions1-7, choose a surveyon attitudesto eboolcs. the bestanswer(A, B or C). Younow haveoneminute to look at the questions. Interviewer: Here with me today is Anna Sinclair. Now Anna, you've recently carried out an investigation into people'sreadinghabitsand current attitudesto the downloadingof ebooks.Whose idea wasthis? Anna: It was somethi(rgI wanted to do at university, but my tutor advisedme not to due to the work involved. When I graduated,I approacheda small market research company,who were interestedbut saidthey couldnt financeit immediately.So I appliedfor a bank loan and sold the resultsback to the companysix months later. Interviewer: Did anything surpriseyou in your survey findings? Anna: Yes.I had expectedthat peopleof my agewould be the strongestgroup in favour ofebooks, but in fact, they had rather mixed feelings,mainly due to cost issueson the hardwareneeded.Adults in their 40sand 50swith spare income seemto havewelcomedthe developmentand it is only the non-computer-literatewho refuseto consider ebooks,not surprisinglY. Interviewer: And what do peopleout there seeasthe biggestadvantageof ebooks? Anna: There are so many benefitsto ebooks'including easy accessto information online no matter where you live and the way you can alter the appearanceofthe text to suit you. The thing that comesup in the surveyaboveall is volume, the fact that you can carry a whole library around on a pieceof hardwarethat will slip into your pocket. Interviewer: Interesting.Turning to the commercial aspectin all this, how do book publishersview ebooks nowadays?

Anna: I've interviewedseveralpeoplein the industry, who wereunderstandablynervousto begin with, seeingeboolrs asa threat to their traditional business.But in fact,just as music downloadshaveaddedto album sales,ebookshave provided publisherswith a totally new market.I think it's unlikely that paperbackswill disappearbut with rising papercostsand transport on top, heavierhardbackbooks look setto die out - evenlibraries are switchingto digital downloadsof these,it seems' Interviewer: I see.And what about us, the consumers?Are there no disadvantages? Anna: I wouldnt saythat. I dont agreewith the argument that readingebooksis bad for you - somepeopleclaim that it leadsto weight gain,but doesnt readinga book also involve sitting still? For those people who dislike readingon screen,therewill be the addedexPenseof pItIrtiDS and even then, you end up with a pile of paper ratherthan a solid physicalbook. But that'sabout it! Think of the multi-media featuresthat someebooks include for the samemoney - audio and photographs' for example. Interviewer: Anna, how do you seeebookschangingthe livesof authors- the peoplewho producethem in the first place? Anna: I think it's good newsfor them, and for their agents, who still havea role to play in relatiorito the media. And ebooksprovideundiscoveredwriters with the chanceto deliver their work to the public, rather than waiting for a willing publisher. As with many electronic products,there areof courseopportunitiesfor illegal activity, where the author earns nothing, but it wont impact on their earningsany more than the invention of the photocopierhas done alreadY. Interviewer: Yesindeed.Fina\r Anna, wherewill this researchtakeyou next in terms ofyour career? Anna: Well, I've got no plans to do anything elseon ebooksat the moment, but the whole areaof market researchis fascinating, and I want to take it further' maybe even having my own company one day.It's a very competitivefield but Ive learnt a lot from this experienceand I believeI can offer comPaniesa solid service.working in PartnershiPwith them. with it all. Interviewer: OK, well I wish you every success Manv thanks, Anna Sinclair.

A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S

Unit 20 Listening

U n i t1 9 Reading r 1 B

2 C

5 A

4 B

3 D

6 D

Vocabulary 2 a b c d e

f confident g weekly h social i effective j suitable

attendance choice fitness disruptive manageable B

A

N

D

A

G

E

B

H

L

G

N

D

H

w

A

L

L

C

a

G

I

T

B

K A

,B

o

R

M

T

rut T o

K

D

T

N

F

g

E E

U K

I

F

L

U

v

Y

E

Py

o

/y

N

M

ry R

C

U

E

o

L

X

s/

H, A

T. E

a il

e_E

A

N

A

D

A

C

H

5

Y

ar

L

D

P

V

N

o

I

E

C

T

I

o

N

P

N

Grammar a I 2 3 4 5 6 7

high time you stoPPed do/would you adviseme to I wereyou, I would that we/they (should)go suggestedgoing / suggested to haveyour teeth checked (high) time you had/gotYour had better not sit

Writing answer 5 Suggested I think that there hasneverbeena better time to be fit and healthy.For a start, supermarketsmake a point of including caloriecountson all their food so that you know exactly how much salt,sugarand fat you are eating.Ifyou believe that being a vegetarianis healthierthan eatingmeatthen you will haveno problem finding readymealsor restaurants which suit your stYleof eating. More and more peoplearejoining gyms or going running There really is no excusefor not or doing pilatesclasses. being ableto keepfit as everytown hasits own gym or ' sportscentreor swimming pool, and theseplacesareoften reasonablypriced' If you dont fancy keepingfit with other people,then get a bike and go out riding. I do this quite a bit - I alwayscycle to college.I neverget the bus becauseit is very expensive and I would haveto wait a long time for one to come along.In the past,it may havebeendifficult to keepfit and healthy,but certainly not nowadays.

A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S

1 I 2 3 4 5

medicine professor murderers magazine chemistry

6 7 8 t 10

footprints microscoPe fog historical furniture

Recording scriPt ${lm Youwill heara studentcalledDan talkingabout thefamous detectiveSherlockHolmes,who wascreatedby the writer SirArthur ConanDoyle.For questions1-10, completethe with a word or shortphrase. sentences to look at thequestions. Younow have45 seconds Dan: OK, for my presentationon crime, I want to talk about Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and his characterthe detectiveSherlockHolmes,who I really like reading about.Conan Doyle wasborn in 1859in Edinburgh, Scotland,and wasgreatlyinfluencedby his mother'slove of storytelling. However,rather than studying literature, from 1876to 1881he did medicineat the Universityof Edinburgh. Although Conan Doyle beganwriting short stories during his time at university,it wasnt until he had graduatedand setup a medicalpracticein London that he beganto write seriously.This wasbecausehe wasrlt a particularly successfuldoctor and had very few patients.His main inspirationfor the characterof SherlockHolmes was a plgfessQrwho had taught him at Edinburgh. Another inspirationfor his writing was a visit Conan Doyle had madeat the ageof 15 to a wax museumin London. Therewerewax modelsof well-known actors and singersthere,but it wasthe modelsof famous murderersthat had the greatestimpact on him. The characterSherlockHolmesfirst appearedin 1887'not in a novelbut asa short story calledA Studyin Scarletin a magazine.Holmeswasa private detectivewho ran an agencyfrom his aparfinent at22lB BakerStreetin London and sharedmost of his work with his friend Dr Watson' From the books Conan Doyle wrote, I've learnt that Holmeshad an expertknowledgeof chemistry,but wasnt quite so good at biologY. SherlockHolmeswas one of the first detectivesin fiction to make useof forensicmedicine.He was particularly good at identifying footprints at a crime scene'These techniqueswerefairly new when Conan Doyle was writing, but they later formed a key part of actual detectivework. I alwaysknew Holmes useda magnifring glassfor finding small piecesof evidencesuchashair or ash,but what amazedmewasthat he also useda microscope'What he didnt usewasphotography,which was commonly usedat

the time by the police to record accidentscenesand the facesof criminals - its strangethat Conan Doyle doesnt mention it at all in the stories. Conan Doyle usedLondon as a settingfor many of his SherlockHolmesstories,and the way he describesthe city at that time is fantastic.Many modern-dayreaders of his storiesfind it odd that there'sno fog nowadays! This wasa real problem for Londonersuntil the 1950s when the burning of coal was forbidden.

Writing 5 I 2 3 4

assess document without written

5 6 7 8

So,anyquestions?...

5conventional 6 increasing 7 equality 8 regardless

Grammar 3lwhat 2 since 3As 4 would

5 6 7 8

so like o n little

2 Gerundsor infinitives 4 a b ' c d e f g

although impressively accepted psychology

r b 2 I D

2 A

3 B

4 F

5 C

6 G

Grammar Mixedconditionals 4 L e (mixedconditional) 2 c (secondconditiond) 3 a (mixed conditional)

a f (third conditional) 5 dtmixed conditional) 6 b (mixed conditional)

Vocabulary Wordformation

Vocabulary Wordformation 2lpopularity 2 differences 3 burglary 4 relatively

9 10 l1 12

Unit 21 Reading

Conan Doyle wrote his first set of storiesabout Holmes over a ten-yearperiod. After this, he becamemore interestedin writing historicalnovelsrather than detectivefiction and so he killed off SherlockHolmes in a book publishedin 1893.But, in 1901,Conan Doyle gavein to public pressureand wrote somemore books about Holmes. If you re a fan of SherlockHolmes,then you can visit an interestingmuseumin London dedicatedto him. It is situated at 239 Baker Street.It tries hard to recreate the apartmentthat Holmesand Watsonlived in but, althoughsomedetailslike the violin caseand pipe are accurate,the museumhasbeencriticisedfor displaying the wrong type of furniture. You can also find a small exhibition hall and a gift shopthere.

physical which consists measurable

buymg a detectivenovel. He suggested I look forward to hearing the resultsof the case. Correct The burglar alarm needslooking at. Let me give you a descriptionof the mugger. Correct I cant afford to take a taxi all the time just to avoid the underground. h The tourist was accustomedto driving his car fasterin his country. i You arenot allowedto drop litter on the street. j I'd like to report a burglary. k Correct

5 I 2 3 4

existence location successful requirements

5 6 7 8

funding regeneration unlikely reconsidered

Unit 22 Vocabulary l l 2 3 4

D B C C

2 a b c d e f g h

performance- not a musicalinstrument conductor- not playing an instrument rehearsal- not the final performance key - not somethingthat is composed compose- not part of a live performance orchestra- much larger group than the others stage- somethingwithin a physicalspace cello - one instrument as opposedto an orchestra section

5 6 7 8

B D A C

Writing 3 1 C

2 E

3 A

4 8

5 F

6 D

3 A

4 8

5 A

6 C

Listening 4 L C

2 B

SCRIPTS A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N G

Recording script Sifi Youwill hearpeopletalking in sixdffirent situations.For questions1-6, choosethe bestanswer(A, B or C). Question1 Youheara professionalmusiciantalkingabouthis work. Man: I've beena memberof this orchestrafor the last six years- I play the doublebass.In my studentdaysI was a bassguitarist in a band that did coversof all the top songs,but I dont get the chanceto do that any more. Our pretty tough becausewe do a lot of concerts schedule's abroad.When I m not touring, I try to get to a fewjazz gigs,just to seehow my instrumentis being played. [The recordingis repeated.] Question2 Youheara man and e t4)omantalkingabouta band. Woman: That was a greatconcertwe went to on Saturday. I ve just downloadedtheir new album,by the way. Man: Haveyou?And is it asgood asthe last one? Woman: Not sureyet - it's very different.There'snothing familiar from their concerteither! The lyrics contain somereallv powerful imasesthoueh, worth listenineto properly. Man: Soundslike it will take a bit of time to get into it. Can I borrow it sometime? Woman: Yeah,OK. [The recordingis repeated.] Question3 Youheara boyand a girl talkingabout theirguitar lessons. Boy: How areyou gettingon with your guitar classesthis term? Girl Itt fun. We'vegot a new book and the piecesare a lot longer than before,so I'm having to do more practice. How aboutyou? Boy: Not too good.There aretoo many in our classnow - it usedto be just four, but now, with eight of us, I dorit feelI'm makins asmuch prosresssomehoweven though I do loadsofpractice. GirL Well you should askto move to our class.You'refree on Wednesdayevenings,arent you? Boy: I am, that'sa good idea,thanks. [The recordingis repeated.] Question4 'Youhearpart of a radio interviewwith afemalesinger. Man: So you'reableto make a good living from your music,which is fantastic.What part of your work earns you the most, would you say? Woman: Well it usedto be the casethat my recordings brought in a lot, especiallythe onesI did without my backingband,but with so much downloadingand file sharing,that sidehasdroppeda bit.

A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N GS C R I P T S

with the band Man: And how about your live appearances - you play somevery big venues,dont you? Woman: Yes,but when we tour there'snevermuch profit from the ticket salesonceall our expenseshavebeen paid. Where I ve beenreally lucky recentlyis being approachedto record a coupleof my own things for TV commercials.and they bring in an absolutefortune! fust singing solo,which I love best. [The recordingis repeated.] Question5 Youheara composertalkingabouthis latestwork. Man: Itt beena challengeto get the piecefinishedbut I m happy with how it has turned out. I hope it will influence the next generationof composers- I seein my own studentsthat they needto think outsidethe box ifthey areto delivertruly modern music.The pieceis going to be performed for the first time next month in New Yorh which is appropriate,asit was the daily noise of the traffic and the crowdstherethat provedto be sucha major contribution to the mood of the piece.The whole useofpercussionand brasscomesfrom that experience, so different from the peacefulfarm where I grew up. [The recordingis repeated.] Question6 Youheara man and a woman talkingapout an open-mic ntght. Woman: Hi, Chris.I missedthe open-micnight this week - how was it? Man: Great.The houseband wasgood,althoughtheir bass guitaristwasrit up to his usualhigh standard.I think he may havebeenill. Woman: Oh dear.And did that Scottishgirl with the electricviolin play again?Herswasthe bestperformance by far last time. Man: Sadlynot - she doesnt live in the village, you know. The real hishlisht wasthis teenasekid who broueht his keyboardalong.He wasa bit nervousso he just played with the band to begin with, but then they let him do two of his own songs.He'sgot a future in music,I'd say. Woman: There'reso many talentedmusiciansaround here. Man: Yeah.Were very lucky. [The recordingis repeated.]

Listening

Unit 23 Vocabulary Y

L

3 1 B G

H

T N

I

N

G

o

?

Z

T

V

U T N

K

R

L

H

H

o

S

S

N

o

W S

o o

X U

S

T

o

R M

A

F

Z

N

I

t

a

K

o

U

I

L

D

I

D

S

H

o

W E

R

A

K

E

E

a

I

R

E

D

N

S

F

o G"

E

C

A

S

T

A

H

A

I

N

D

R

o

P

N

E

E

o H

T

tR

U R

R

I

C

A

d storm 2 a hurricanes e raindrops b snow c flash... lightning f showers

c

thunder h forecast I flood(s)

Reading 3 a F

5 r c 2 E 6 a b c d e

b T

d T

c T

3 A 4 B

5 D 6 C

inside recalling enormous upper sensible/careful

f g h i j

7 F 8 A

9 D T O B

unlucky complete occasionally positive fueezirg

Grammar lwish/ lf only 7 r b c d e f g h .i j

I hope I will seeyou soon./ I hope to seeyou soon. I wish I could go to visit you. Correct Correct If only you managedto give up smoking,just think of the money you'd save. I hope the weather stays / will stay nice for you. Correct I wish I hadn't seenthat film about earthquakes- I cant sleepat night now Correct Davewisheshe knew more about earthquakes.

Unit 24 Vocabulary Wordformation llcomedians 2 substantial 3 entertainment 4 similar 2rpay

5Products 6 viewers 7 difference 8 endings

2 C

3 A

4 C

5 B

6 A

7 C

Recording script ffffi Youwitl hearan interviewwith a comediancalledKate Gordon.Forquestions1-7, choosethe bestanswer(A, B or C). Younow haveoneminute to look at the questions. Interviewer: Here with me now is Kate Gordon, who has just won a comedy award at a major festival. Kate, what was the award for exactly? Kate: My one-womanstand-upshow!I m delightedasI've neverbeensureI could do it, but the festivalaudiences thought otherwise.Up till now, I've usuallybeenpart of something bigger - the radio show was with six talented comedians,and my earlierwork asa TV script-writer alsoinvolveda largeteam. Interviewer: And is there anything particularly challengingaboutbeing a femalecomedian? Kate: Well, there are far more guys out there doing shows. which could put somewomen off, I suppose,but its neverstoppedme! New venuesareopeningup, too, so it's becominga bit easierto get regularbookingsaround the country. Having said that, it wouldnt be a very attractive lifesryle touring or, -y o*ri if and when I have kids! Interviewer: You write most of your own material.Does that sidecome easilyto You? Kate: Definitely not. It involves a lot of time and effort. It's not possibleto developa seriesof new jokes overnight, and evenwhen I ve written somethingthat'shalf OK' I'll still needto try it out in front of an audiencea couPle of times beforeit's really right. And actually'sometimes I'm quite surprisedby the weird senseof humour that peoplehave.They'remore extremethan I am! Interviewer: And where do your bestideascomefrom? Kate: For my jokes?They comefrom me, of course! I guessmy recipefor successis to be very nosy - I observeeveryoneI come into contact with, apart from my friends, that is, who would never allow me to get materialfrom their lives!I neverfind stuff on the internet either - it has to come from daily things that are happeningaround me, and I dont miss much! Interviewer: Severalcomedianshavefound successin the cinema.Would that everinterestyou? Kate: Maybe.I'd enjoy the teamworkfor sure,being part of somethingbig. It would haveto be the right project though - too many comediansseemto end up with second-ratescripts.which doesrfthelp your career in the long run. I think I'd want to havesomecontrol over the writing, evenif I couldnt do it myself.And I'd be looking for a young director willing to try things differently.

bcourt cPaY dnot

A N S W E RASN DR E . . R D T N sGC R r P r s F

t

Interviewer: Do you everget nervousin front ofan audience? Kate: I'd be lying if I said no! I think it's quite natural to experiencesomeanxiety,but for me, the strangething is that I feelmuch more securein front of a really big audience,evenif it's a massiveone outdoors.While if therere only 40 or so in a tiny club.it's easyto loseyour confidenceif vou catchsomeone's eveat the wrong moment. I supposethe easiestplacefor me is the theatre down the road, wheremost peopleknow me. Interviewer: Finaily Kate,how would you advisepeopleto get going in comedy? Kate: Well, dont makethe mistakeof just looking at others doins their shows- vouve sot to find out prettvearlv on whethervou canhandledoins a live act,so the wav forwardis to trv an open-micnieht,wherevou set the chanceto do a short performancefor real people. You won't do brilliantly to begin with but if you keep practising,you'll either improve or realisethat it's not for you. Interviewer: OK, well thanksvery much Kate. Kate:No worries,it wasfun.

A N S W E R SA N D R E C O R D I N G SCRIPTS

Grammar 4 I 2 3 4 5 6

put up with rather seelive comedythan turn/switch off our computersas/because insistedon knowing the contents had got the sack would rather not stay/wait

:Ihe Cambridge English Corpus is a multi-billionword collectionof written and spokenEnglish.lt includesthe Cambrlige Lerner Corpus, a unique bankof examcandidatepapers. Our authorsstudy the Corpusto seehow Englishis reallyused,and to identify typical learnermistakes. This meansthat Cambridgematerialshelpstudentsto avoid mistakeg and you can be confidotthe language taught is useful,naturaland fully up to date. wr.cambddgE.orglcorpus