O Capítulo 2 Do Livro Estrutura de Dados Do Autor Paulo Veloso

 

F gbpëtu` gbpëtu`f f 5 if `lvrf Cstru Cstrutur turb b ic ibifs ibifs if but butfr fr

_bu`f _bu`f ^c`fsf ^c`fsf,,

bpr bprcsc cscdtb dtb b

ldtrfiuíçf ic dftbíçf pbrb b u`lzbíçf gfrrctb ic prfgcilkcdtfs c b`mfrltkfs, gjbkbib ic ‐`ldmubmck ic icsgrlíçf.‛ F tcxtf befrib quc fs ‐pfs‛ sçf gbrbgtcrësgbs prlfrltârlbs dcssb `ldmubmck, vlstf quc b dfíçf ic pf ic ibifs bgfdtcgc db mrbdic pbrtc ibs `ldmubmcds ic prfmrbkbíçf, f scu prldglpb` feacvf ì ic`lkltbr f gfdaudtf ic vb`frcs quc c`b pfic pfssulr c f quc pfic scr cxcgutbif gfk c`b. Bs `ldmubmcds ic prfmrbkbíçf icndck fs pfs prlklvfs, ic frkb quc bprcsc bpr cscdtb dtbk k kcgbdl kcgbdlskf skfss pbr pbrb b b grlbíç grlbíçf f ic fut futrfs rfs ‐p ‐pfs‛ fs‛,, quc sçf fs gfdjcgl gfdjcglifs ifs pfr prlklvfs.

_brtc if @u`ldjb *****

Ic bgfrif gfk f butfr, bs vbrlâvcls vbrlâvcls rcprcscdtb rcprcscdtbk k ukb frkb ic licdngbr licdngbr pfr uk dfkc slke÷`lgf slke÷`lgf (licd (licdngbi ngbifrcs) frcs) ukb rcmlçf rcmlçf ib kck÷ kck÷rlb rlb quc brkbzcdb uk vb`fr scdif u`lzbif pfr ukb udíçf. F frkbtf pbrb icg`brâ-`b, ì1 ‐^br dfkc1 pf8‛ fu ‐vbr dfkc 2, dfkc5, ... dfkcd‛. Bs vbrlâvcls dcgcssltbk scr icg`brbibs, b frkb kbls gfrrctb ì u`lzâ-`b df gbecíb`jf, sckprc rcspcltbdif f dñkcrf c pfs ic brmukcdtfs ibs fpcrbíócs cdvf`vlibs. _brb icndlr fs pfs ic vbrlâvcls, ì dcgcssârlf ilsdmulr fs gfkbdifs slkp`cs ifs gfkpfstfs. Fs gfkpfstfs sçf gfdstuëifs ic uk fu kbls gfkbdifs (slkp`cs fu gfkpfstfs) quc sçf bprcscdtbifs db frick icsgrltb. Fs gfk gfkbdi bdifs fs gfk gfkpfs pfstfs tfs sçf scpbrb scpbrbifs ifs pfr ‐ld ‐ldëglf ëglf‛‛ c ‐nk‛ ‐nk‛ c gbib gbib gfkbdi gfkbdif f ì scpbrbif pfr pfdtf c vërmu`b (8) Cxckp`f1 Ldlglf Fs gfkbdifs slkp`cs sçf1 

Btrleulíçf 1 v ↟

c

Bvb`lb b cxprcssçf c btrleul uk vb`fr, quc dcgcssltb scr icg`brbif pc`b vbrlâvc` v, tfrdbdif-sc vb`fr ic v. 

Cdtrbib1 `clb (v2, v5, ..., vd)

 

Cssc gfkbdif bz gfk quc bs vbrlâvcls `lstbibs rcgceck vb`frc ifs ilspfslvfs ic cdtrbib, bsslk, db prcscdíb ibs icg`brbíócs vbr b1 rcb`8 vbr e1 ldt vbr g1 vctX2..9[ ic ldt, b cxcguíçf if gfkbdif `clb (b, g, e) cxlelrâ f vb`fr c lrâ trbdscrlr f vb`fr ic b, g, e ic uk rcb rcb`, `, uk vc vctfr tfr X2...9[ X2...9[ ic ldtclr ldtclrfs fs c uk ldt ldtclr clrf, f, rcspc rcspcgv gvbkc bkcdtc dtc,, b pbrr pbrr if ilspfslvf ic cdtrbib 

Wbëib

Cssc gfkbdif bz gfk quc f ilspfslvf ic sbëib csgrcvb fs vb`frcs btubls icssbs vbrlâvcls. 

Gfdilglfdb` sc @ cdtçf B (scdçf E)

_rlkclrbkcdtc, b gfdilíçf @, ì bvb`lbib, ibdif uk vb`fr `÷mlgf. Wc cstc vb`fr ì ^ cdtçf f gfkbdif B ì cxcgutbif8 gbsf gfdtrârlf, ì cxcgutbif f gfkbdif E (df gbsf ic sc @ cdtçf B scdçf E)fu b cxcguíçf if gfkbdif gfdilglfdb` ì gfdslicrbib tcrkldbib (df gbsf ic @ cdtçf B), pbssbdif-sc bf gfkbdif scmuldtc, sc jfuvcr. 

Ltcrbíçf 1 cdqubdtf @ Nbíb B

Gbusb rcpcíçf rcpcíçf if gfdilglfdb` gfdilglfdb` btì quc fs vb`frcs sc lmub`ck lmub`ck (sc frck ldlglb`kcdtc ldlglb`kcdtc lmubls, fs tcstcs bgbebk db prlkclrb cxcguíçf) 

Ltcrbíçf1 rcpltb B btì (quc) @

F gfkbdif B sckprc ì cxcgutbif, bdtcs ib bvb`lbíçf ic @. 

Ltcrbíçf1 pbrb v ic l ldgr p btì  Nbíb B

B vbrlâvc` v icvc scr if pf ldt, bsslk gfkf fs vb`frcs ic l p c   

Csgbpc ic Kb`jb1 sblb fu csgbpc

Wçf trás mádcrfs ic gfkbdif ic ldtcrbíçf (cdqubdtf, rcpltb c pbrb) bzck gfk quc ukb kb`jb scab cxcgutbib rcpcibkcdtc. F ccltf if gfkbdif sblb icdtrf ic ukb kb`jb scab bebdifdbib, pbssbdif-sc b cxcgutbr f gfdaudtf scmuldtc. 

Wc`cíçf

‐Gfdfrkc v bgb v2  1 G28 ^58 G58 ... 8 vd  1 Gd8 (futrf g)8‛. Dcssc gfkbdif b vbrlâvc` ì gfkpbrbib gfk gbib uk ifs vb`frcs. Wcrâ sc`cglfdbib pbrb cxcgutbr f gfkbdif Gl, tbu quc v ; vl. Gbsf v scab ilcrcdtc ic tfifs fs vl“s. cdtçf scrâ cxcgutbif f gfkbdif G, gfrrcspfdicdtc b fpíçf futrf.

 

Fs prfg prfgci cilk lkcd cdtf tfss u u`l `lzb zbif ifss sçf1 sçf1 _r _rfg fgci cilk lkcd cdtf tf ic rf rfd db b c ic u udí díçf çf.. Fs prfgcilkcdtfs ic rfdb bprcscdtbk uk frkbtf kbls slkp`cs, pfick scr rcprcscdtbifs ib scmuldtc frkb 1 ‐_rfg dfkc (`lstbVicVpbråkctrfs)V prfmrbkb‛ Dbs gjbkbibs ic rfdb, fs pfs ic brmukcdtf icvck gfdgfribr gfk fs pbråkctrfs. Cxcgutc ì uk gfkbdif quc trbdscrc f gfdtrf`c bf ldëglf if prfgcilkcdtf gjbkbif. F gfdtrf`c rctfrdb bf frlmldb bp÷s b cxcguíçf if gfkbdif ndb` fu if gfbdif rctfrdc. Df _rfgcilkcdtf udíçf, ì pfssëvc` u`lzâ-`f gfk f scmuldtc cxckp`f1 ‐_rfg dfkc1 pf (`stbV (`stbVicV icVpbr pbrbkc bkctrf trfs)V s)V prfmrb prfmrbkb‛ kb‛.. Dc Dcssc ssc cxckp` cxckp`f, f, f vb` vb`fr fr if ‐pf‛ ‐pf‛ rctfrd rctfrdb b df prfgci prf gcilkc lkcdtf dtf.. S`lz S`lzbdi bdif f f gfkbdi gfkbdif f ‐rctfr ‐rctfrdc‛ dc‛,, f prf prfmrb mrbkb kb frlmld frlmldb` b` rcgcec rcgcec f vb`fr vb`fr ib cxprcssçf bvb`lbib, quc ì ldilgbif df gbecíb`jf. Ic bgfrif gfk f tcxtf, b pbrr ifs pfs ic ibifs prlklvfs ì pfssëvc` grlbr futrfs pfs ic ibifs u`lzbdif u`lzbdif ukb gfkeldbíçf gfkeldbíçf ic vbrlâvcls. vbrlâvcls. Wçf cstruturbs cstruturbs ic ibifs, g`bsscs, g`bsscs, vctfrcs ctg. Fs pfs ic ibifs prlklvfs pfickfs grlbr futrfs pfs ic ibifs u`lzbdif ukb gfkeldbíçf ic vbrlâvcls. Wçf cstruturbs ic ibifs ibifs,, g`bsscs, vctfrcs, kbtrlzcs ctg. F gfdgcltf ic cstruturbs ic ibifs c g`bsscs ì eck kbls gfkp`cxf quc lstf, pfr cxckp`f g`bsscs ták fp fpcr crbí bíóc ócss b`ìk b`ìk ic btrl btrleu eutf tfs. s. Ilc Ilcrc rcdt dtc c ifs ifs pfs pfs ic ib ibif ifss prlk prlkl lvf vfss quc quc aâ sçf sçf lkp`ckcdtbifs ldtcrdbkcdtc pc`bs `ldmubmcds ic prfmrbkbíçf, csscs pfs ic ibifs sçf grlbifs pc`f prfmrbkbifr.