Nun, Jose - Democracia, Gobierno de Pueblos o Bogierno de Politicos. Cap 3 PDF

 

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MKALGXIGEI ¼@lhekrfl mkd pukhdl l `lhekrfl mk dls pldátegls<

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E_. Wgbuapktkr y dls pldátegls Di mkalgrigei glal aåtlml Wgbuapktkr ouk uf fltihdk kglflaesti, glapitrelti mk Pett`kfstkef, quk kfskù÷ muriftk augbl tekapl kf Birvirm. Bi hái figeml kf 9227, kd aesal iùl kf quk aure÷ Airx y kf quk ddk`ihi id aufml Ckyfks3 y hukfi pirtk mk sus ksoukrzls igimåae gls kstuvekrlf mer mere`e e`emls mls i gretegi gretegirr i dls mls. mls. Irest÷ I rest÷gri griti ti y kdetesti, ou oukk tlmi su vemi uf glfskrvimlr dúgeml y re`urlsl, quk eftkft÷ aiftk fkr skpirimis di gekfgei y di pldátegi.8Kf 95=8 puhdeg÷ Gipetidesal,  slgeidesal y mkalgrigei,  lhri quk, sk`úf sus prlpeis pidihris, glf mkfsi ufi mkmegige÷f mk guitrl mågimis id kstumel y id ifédeses mkd slgeidesal. Di tkses prefgepid mkd dehrl ks quk, efkvetihdkakftk, kd slgeidesal rkkapdiziré id gipetidesal. U fl, glal grkái Airx, mkheml i dis oi ddis mkd gipetidesal sefl justiakftk plr sus åxetls: kd prl`rksl y dis efflvigelfks sk vldvkréf rutefi y, kftlfgks, kd gipetidesal mkhkré gkmkrdk kd setel i uf sestkai aés rigelfid, rk`eml plr ufi iutlremim

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pdifeoegimlri gkftridezimi. (Yuk kstl fl biyi lgurreml fl eapemk 8 G la l rkditirá rkditiráii iùls mks mkspuås puås ^iud Wia ukdslf, ufl mk su suss akjlrks mesgápudls mesgápudls,, Wg b ua  pktkr bih ái mkgd mkgdiriml iriml tka prifia kftk quk dl alváif trk trkss `rifmk `rifmkss ia hegelfks kf di ve mi: skr kd akjlr iaiftk mk _ekfi, kd akjlr jefktk mk Kurlpi y kd akjlr kglflaesti mkd aufml. Biy quekfks slstekfkf quk dl`r÷ guapder di tkrgkri mk ksis iahegelfks iufquk åd aesal fufgi dl grky÷ isá. Ui rimegiml kf dls Kstimls [femls, dk sua÷ ltrls mls lhjk tevls i su i`kfmi pkrslfid: glfvkrtersk kf uf kftkfmeml kf irtk y tkfkr åxetl kf di pldá tegi. Ks lhvei di rkdige÷f kspkgudir glf Ckyfks, pitr÷f mk di mifzi y mk di aúsegi, merkgtlr mkd Hi fg l mk Ef` ditkrr ditkrrii y rkprkskftiftk kg lf÷ a egl mk su piá piáss kf dls dls Kst Kstimls imls [femls.

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quk Wgbuapktkr -kd —Airx mk di hur`uksái‑, sk`úf dl hiuteziri uf gldk`i- ski rkvidemiml bly glal ufl mk dls kglflaestis plr kxgk dkfgei mk di kri mk di `dlhidezige÷f, miml kd du`ir quk lgupif kf su tklrái ksls prlgksls mk —grkige÷f mkstrugtevi‑ i dls guidks glfsemk rihi, plr hukfis rizlfks, ufi mk dis aiylrks vertumks mkd gipetides al. _id`i mk kjkapdl kd dehrl slhrk Wedeglf _iddky quk ksgrehe÷ Ifmrkw @rlvk, glflgeml `urú mk di efolraétegi, quk rkgl`k mksmk kd tátudl ufi orisk tápegiakftk suyi: Wmel slhrkvevkf dls dls piriflegl pirif legls.) s.) Ks kf ksk glftkxtl mlfmk Wgbuapktkr sk prk`ufti se di mkalgri gei y kd slgeidesal slf glapitehdks, dl guid dl rkaetk i di gukste÷f prkvei mk sihkr quå mkhk kftkfmkrsk plr mkalgrigei. U prkgesiakf tk su tritiaekftl mk ksti gukste÷f ehi i glfstetuersk bisti fukstrls máis kf ufi mk dis pirtks aés meoufmemis k efoduykftks mk di lhri. Kf kstk slhrk puftlkdfltkai kstékf mk95=8, aés kri skùidir quk se id`l efvetihi ufi mesguse÷f i kjkrgkr ufirkidesal auy giu tkdlsl: kf 958>, bihái kf kd aufml trkefti y gefgl l aés `lhekrfls mk mkalgrigei rkprkskftitevi glfstetugelfidakftk kdk`emls3 kf 9572, di geori sk bihái rkmugeml i akfls mk di aetim3 y i glaekfzls mk di mågimi mkd guirkfti fl qukmihif aés mk mlgk. Glal rkgukrmi Blhshiwa, kf ksi åplgi —fimek prkmejl fe kspkrihi quk di mka mkalgr lgrigei igei sk rkvetidezirái mkspuås mk di `ukrri‑. Krif kd oisgesal y kd glaufesal dls quk kstihif kf isgkfsl y i kddls pirkgái pkrtkfkgkrdks kd outurl. Kd rkidesal histiftk mksgirfiml quk kokgteviakftk mkspdek`i Wgbuapktkr kf su ifédeses pirtk i di mkalgrigei uf aåtlml pldátegl y fl glal uf mk oef juz`ir kf sá aesai. Mk ibá qukglal guid quekr ioeraige÷f igkrgi mk su oufgelfiaekftl girkzgi mk skfteml —sef ufi rkokrkfgei i tekapls, du`irks y setuigelfks mimls‑. Di mk algrigei pukmk l fl glftrehuer id mksirrlddl kglf÷aegl, i di jus tegei slgeid l i quk tlmls glaif, skif sifls y sk kmuqukf: kd bkgbl oufmiakftid ks quk sk triti kxgduseviakftk mk uf prlgkmeaekftl. ¼Kf quå glfsestk< ]rimegelfidakftk sukdk grkkrsk, megk Wgbuapk tk tkr, r, quk quk kf ufi mkalgrigei mkalgrigei kd kdkgtlriml mkoefk y mkgemk dis glft gl ftrl rl vkrseis pldátegis preakrl y mkse`fi mkspuås i uf glfjuftl mk

 

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rkprkskftiftks piri quk sk lgupkf mk eapdkakftir tidks mkgeselfks. Ksté bihdifml, kf kskfgei, mk di vese÷f quk iftks mkflaefå `lhekr fl mkd pukhdl.  Wef kahir`l, iùimk, sidvl gisls kxgkpgelfidks, kf di prégtegi glsis sk fufgi isá. ^lr kd glftrirel, di skgukfgei sk efvekrtk: dis preakrl kde`ksugkmkf i dls rkprkskftiftks y slf åstls quekfks duk `l sk kfgir`if kfgir`i f mk rksldvkr dis glftrlvkrseis glftrlv krseis y mk tlair di diss mkgeselfks. mkgesel fks. ^lr dl mkaés, fl plmrái skr mk ltrl alml. Di glaufemim sk meve mk sek sekaprk aprk kf uf gl glfju fjuftl ftl rkditeviakftk pkqukùl mk mk mere mere`kft `kftks ks pl pl  dátegls y kf ufi `rif aisi mk geumimifls, glf ufi orifji eftkrakmei mk aedetiftks quk lpkrif glal fkxl. Dls mere`kftks (y sus isksl rks y sus tågfegls) sk lr`ifezif kf pirtemls quk rkgdutif aedetiftks y quk kdihlrif pditiolrais quk mkspuås dk prlplfkf id kdkgtlriml3 y i åstk sldiakftk sk dl glfvlgi i lptir kftrk kddis. Gdirl quk fl ks di úfegi vái plrdldibigkf guid dis prkokrkfgeis plpudirks kftrif kf kd al mkdl. ]iaheåf i trivås mk di prlpei glapktkfgei kftrk dls mere`kftks, quk sk vkf lhde`imls i imkguir sus prl`riais i ksis prk okrkfgeis piri glfsk`uer `ifirsk kd oivlr mk dls vltiftks. Di seaede seaedetum tum gl glff kd alml kf qquk uk oufgelfi ufi kglfla kglfl a ái mk akr giml ks lstkfsehdk: dls pirtemls igtúif glal kaprksis quk dks lork gkf sus prlmugtls i geumimifls quk sk glaplrtif glal se oukrif glfsuaemlrkss quk, kf kstk glfsuaemlrk kstk gisl, fl mesplfkf mk mk mefkrl sefl mk vl vl tls. ^krl kf di ÷ptegi sgbuapktkreifi fl sk triti mk uf akrgiml mk glapktk gla pktkfgei fgei pkrokgti sefl lde`lp÷degi, ti tiftl ftl plr su idtl `ri `riml ml m mkk glfg gl fgkf kftrig trige÷f e÷f glal plr di ak akme memi mi kf quk, efkvetihdka efkv etihdkakftk, kftk, di diss p prk rk okrkfgeis mkd púhdegl igihif sekfml sekaprk aifepudimis. ¼Yuå biy, kftlfgks, mk di vlduftim `kfkrid< ^lr uf diml, kf tl mi glaufemim dis meokrkfgeis mk vidlrks y mk lpefelfks slf tidks quk rksudti eaplsehdk quk ksi vlduftim sk olrak y, akfls tlmivái, quk pukmi skrver mk hisk id glfskfsl kf tlrfl i uf supukstl —hekf gl aúf gdiriakftk mktkraefiml y mesgkrfehdk plr tlmls‑. ^lr ltrl di ml, skrái ef`kful fl mirsk gukfti mk quk dls prktkfmemls mkskls mk dls kdkgtlrks slf oihregimls plr di prlpi`ifmi, mk aifkri quk —di vlduftim mkd pukhdl ks kd prlmugtl y fl di oukrzi prlpudslri mkd prl

 

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gksl pldátegl‑.7]iftl aés quk —kd geumimifl flraid mksgekfmk i uf fevkd efokrelr mk prkstige÷f akftid tif prlftl glal pkfktri kf kd giapl mk di pldátegi‑. Kstk giapl sk dk ipirkgk glal tif rkaltl y glapdkjl quk —åd aesal gideoegirái mk efoifted‑ kd alml mk ir`u akftige÷f y ifédeses quk utedezi kf di aitkrei —se kstuveksk mkftrl mk di ksokri mk sus eftkrksks kokgtevls‑. W÷dl quk i ksti idturi sur`k yi ufi preakri meoegudtim eaplrtif tk. Wk`úf sk imvekrt imvekrtk, k, kd almkdl almkdl kdihlriml kdihlriml plr plr Wgbua pktkr gl g l f tek tek  fk uf úfegl kdkakftl mkalgrétegl, akmeitl l efakmeitl, quk ks di glapktkfgei kdkgtlrid3 sef kddi, fl plmrái isperir i ddiairsk mkal grétegl. ^krl, i di vkz, sus juegels tif fk`itevls slhrk kd kdkgtlriml bigkf quk i preakri vesti fl sk kftekfmi plr quå suplfk quk dls vltiftks kstiréf kf glfmegelfks mk eftkrvkfer védemiakftk kf ksi glapktkfgei. Gihk ufi sldi rkspuksti i kstl, y fl ks mkaiseiml s÷demi: sk rk qukrerái ufi akflr mlses mk rigelfidemim piri kdk`er i dls mere`kf tks, quk piri mkgemer dis pldátegis i ipdegir. Ks gekrtiakftk di slduge÷f plr di quk lpti Wgbuapktkr, piri quekf —di mkalgrigei se`feoegi tif s÷dl quk kd pukhdl tekfk di lplrtufemim mk igkptir l rkgbizir i dls blahrks quk bif mk `lhkrfirdk‑. Mk ibá quk, sk`úf åd, kd aå tlml mkalgrétegl fl ski aés quk uf —sestkai efstetugelfid piri ddk`ir i dis mkgeselfks pldátegis, kf kd quk dls efmevemuls imquek rkf kd plmkr mk mkgemer plr akmel mk ufi dugbi glapktetevi plr kd vltl mkd pukhdl‑. Kfsk`uemi vkrkals quk åd aesal pkrgehk dls dáaetks mk ksti sl duge÷f dug e÷f.. Iuf I uf mksmk mksmk su su pkrspkgtevi, ¼plr ¼plr quå quå kstiráif dls dls geumimifls quk mksgrehk kf glfmegelfks mk kviduir i dls mesteftls gifmemitls y sus pditiolrais< ¼Mk guédks rkgursls mesplfmráif piri prlgksir imkguimiakftk dls akfsijks quk rkgehkf l piri justeprkgeir dls mkV _ kef tk iùls mkspuås mkspuås,, kd pldet÷dl` l fl rtkia kregi fl _. L . Cky Jr. ehi i glf mkf sir kd puftl kf ufi o÷raudi quk sk deirái oialsi: —di vlz mkd pukhdl fl ks aés quk uf kgl‑ -mk dis vlgks mk dls pirtemls, mk dls gifmemitls, mk di puhdegemim, ktg.-.

 

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skapkùls pisimls l prkskftks mk dls plstudiftks< (Biaedtlf y dls Okmkridestis flrtkiakregifls oukrlf aés glfsestkftks y tkraefif' tks kf kstk puftl: seapdkakftk fl grkáif quk dls geumimifls gl aufks kstuvekskf kf glfmegelfks mk mkgemer plr sá aesals queåf mkhái skr l fl su prksemkftk y plr ksl grkirlf dls gldk`els kdkgtl ridks, i dls guidks sk dks itrehuy÷ id glaekfzl ufi orifgi oufge÷f mkdehkritevi. W÷dl quk dis idtkrfitevis mk kstk tepl pdiftkif uf rk`rksl id efoefetl mksmk quk tiaplgl sk kftekfmk plr quå kstiráif gipigetimls ksls geumimifls piri skdkggelfir i dls aekahrls mk ti dks gldk`els.) ]lml kstl id air`kf mk quk ski kxi`kriml (y prlpel mk di åpl gi kf quk ksgrehái) kd pksl quk dk ise`fihi Wgbuapktkr i di prlpi `ifmi3 l mk quk id vltiftk meoágedakftk pukmif rksudtirdk tif rkaltis glal åd eai`efihi mkgeselfks pldátegis quk tkf`if quk vkr glf di piz y di `ukrri, glf kd kapdkl y kd sidirel, glf di sk`uremim slgeid, glf kd iggksl i di kmugige÷f, glf kd ihlrtl, glf di mesgreae fige÷f, ktgåtkri. ^krl dl megbl bisti iquá idgifzi piri glaprkfmkr plr quå kf ksti vese÷f di mkalgrigei fl ks kd `lhekrfl mkd pukhdl   sefl mk dls   p  pll d át eg l s .= I dls geumimifls s÷dl dks tlgi ipdiumer l fl, glal kf Kspirti. Kf guiftl i dls mere`kftks, fkgksireiakftk sk prlokselfi dezif, sk trifsolraif kf kspkgeidestis kf di glsi púhdegi y kf —kd tritl mk dls dls blah blahrks" rks" y - t i d glal yi imver imverte tekri kri P kh kr - iimk mkaé aéss mk vever  p  pii r i   di pldátegi sk mkmegif tiaheåf i vever m k   di pldátegi. Glal kf kd gisl mk guidquekr ltri prlokse÷f, quekfks di prigtegif mksirrlddif kftlfgks sus prlpels eftkrksks, kd prefgepid mk dls gui dks glfsestk kf sk`uer kjkrgeåfmldi y kf aiftkfkrsk kf kd plmkr ufi vkz quk ddk`if i åd. Dl iftkrelr fl s÷dl pukmk iokgtir skrei= We b uheksk iid`ufi d`ufi mumi igkrgi mk di igtuidemim quk a iftek fk di vese÷f sgbua pktkreifi, skrái skrái su oeg oegekftk ekftk gl f dkkr dl qquk uk ksgr ksgrehk ehk kd slge÷d slge÷dl`l l`l idkaéf X ido Mfb rkfmlro ak mel se`dl mkspuås: —Di eduse÷f mkalgrétegi mk quk kxestk id`l isá glal kd `lhekrfl mkd pukhdl bi seml sekaprk ufi glfstiftk efvetige÷f i usurpimlrks y fukvls alflpldels". Ks Wgbuapktkr gise id pek mk di dktri.

 

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akftk di gidemim y di trifspirkfgei mk su demkriz`l sefl quk dk pdif tki uf sk`ufml reks`l auy glfsemkrihdk i di glftefuemim aesai mkd rå`eakf mkalgrétegl, guyls mesplsetevls glrrkf kd reks`l mk `e rir gimi vkz aés kf kd vigál. U, mk fukvl, Wgbuapktkr tekfk glf gekfgei mk kddl.;

Dls dáaetks mkd aefeaidesal I ksti idturi, idturi, ufi ufi rkodkxe÷f mk idgifgks idgifg ks aé aéss iapdels iapdels iyu iyumi i kftk kf tkff  mkr plr quå dis mls oiaedeis i dis quk iduml (di mkd  `lh  ` lh ek ekrf rf l m kd p u k hdl hd l  y di mkd `l  `lhe hekr krf f l mk dls pld p ldát áteg egls ls ) slf akfls ifti`÷fegis mk dl quk ipirkftif. Wugkmk quk di rkidemim slgeid ks efgurihdkakftk gla pdkji y iahe`ui y, plr ksl, sef pkrjuegel mk su utedemim, guidquekr ks oukrzl plr mir gukfti mk kddi akmeiftk uf almkdl seapdk y glbkrkftk igihi tlgifml kf id`úf alakftl sus prlpels dáaetks. Mly uf kjka pdl gdésegl. Di slgeldl`ái ddiaimi lhjktevesti  glfgehk hésegiakftk id blahrk glal uf prlmugtl mk di slgekmim kf di quk vevk y mkstigi kftlfgks kd kstumel mk dls prlgksls mk slgeidezige÷f, mk imiptige÷f y mk eftk `rige÷f quk dl almkdif. Wu prklgupige÷f gkftrid ks kd prlhdkai mkd lrmkf gldkgtevl y, plr dl tiftl, kd ifédeses mk dls akgifesals quk ijustif y tlrfif plsehdk di vemi kf glaúf. Kf giahel, di slgeldl `ái suhjktávesti  glfsemkri i di slgekmim iftk tlml glal uf prlmug tl buaifl y plfk kd igkftl kf kd kxiakf mk di igge÷f slgeid y mk dls almls kf quk blahrks y aujkrks grkif dls vidlrks y dis flr ais quk lrekftif sus glaplrtiaekftls. Kf kstk gisl, kd olgl ksté V Id`ufis mk dis dis ifidl`áis ifidl`áis i dis dis quk igumk Wgb ua pktkr slf slf mk ufi kdlgu kfg ei eff k `ihdk: `ihd k: —kd ^reakr ^reakr A efestrl efestrl mk ufi mka lgrigei -ks gr eh k - plmrái plmrái skr skr glapiriml i uf je  fktk quk ksté tif gla pdktiakftk ihslrtl ihslrtl kf tritir tritir mk mk a iftkfkrsk kf di seddi seddi quk quk fl pukm pukmkk bi gkr fef`úf pdif piri su gihid`iti, l i uf `kfkrid tif pdkfia kftk lgupiml kf isk`u isk`u rirs rirskk quk su kjår getl b i mk igitir sus sus ÷rmkfks, ÷rmkfks, quk tekf k q uk mkjir di kstritk`ei kstritk`ei ihif ml fimi i sá aesai‑.

 

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pukstl kf kd prlhdkai mkd glftrld quk kjkrgk kd i`kftk slhrk kd ak mel kf kd quk dk tlgi vever y kf su pltkfgeid glfse`uekftk piri mksi rrlddir prlykgtls iut÷flals. ^krl fe ufi fe ltri pkrspkgtevi pukmk isperir i ufi kxpdegige÷f alfesti y tltideziftk, y sus kxplfkftks aés dúgemls sekaprk dl bif siheml. Ks isá quk uf lhjktevesti glal Murcbkea ipkdi oefidakftk id suhjktevesal mk dls alakftls efflvimlrks mk eftkfsl —kftuseis al gldk gl dkgte gtevl vl‑‑ piri piri kf kftkfm tkfmkr kr g÷al g÷a l sk mksr mksrute utefez fezii y trifsolrai trifsolrai kd lr l r mkf kstihdkgeml3 y, i su vkz, uf suhjktevesti glal Pkhkr ihlrmi i`umiakftk kd tkai mk di hurlgritezige÷f y tkraefi kstumeifml di aifkri kf quk kd almkrfl blahrk mk dis lr`ifezigelfks igihi plr qukmir itripiml kf ufi —jiudi mk bekrrl‑. Kf údteai efstifgei, puks, gimi ufl mk kstls almls mk ihlrmir dl slgeid glfgduyk rkgurrekf ml id ltrl.  ` l h e k r f l m k d   Xktlal fukstrl giaefl. Glal yi mejk, di vese÷f  `l  pu  p u kh dl   tekfk tekf k i di isiahdki isiahdki plpudi plpudirr glal su a ifeokstige÷f ifeokstig e÷f aés mes teftevi y tiaheåf glal su dáaetk: se yi rksudtihi meoáged quk di `kf tk glfgurreksk rk`udirakftk id é`lri itkfekfsk, skrái eduslrel prktkfmkr quk ufi isiahdki aés l akfls pkraifkftk sk glf verteksk kf di efstetuge÷f pldátegi gdivk mk slgekmimks tif fuak rlsis, glapdkjis y meokrkfgeimis glal dis igtuidks y, augbl aés, quk tlmls quekrif y pukmif pukmif tkfk tkfkrr ufi pirtegepige÷f pirtegep ige÷f igtevi kf kddi kddi.. L ski quk, kf dls bkgbls, di isiahdki -kf guidquekri mk sus olr ais”mkhkré glfvever fkgksireiakftk glf mevkrsls akgifesals

mk rkprkskftige÷f3 lgurrk glf kd rkokråfmua, glf me kd aifmitl mkdk`itevlyy dl glfaesal dis mkaés almidemimks mk kxprkse÷f rkgti mk di vlduftim mk dls geumimifls. ^lr aés i riyi quk sk di quekri aiftkfkr, di vese÷f  `l  ` l h ekrf ek rf l m k dl dlss p l dá dáte tegl glss  sk gukdi plr dls eftkrstegels. Ks gdirl quk i ksti údteai vese÷f dk sugkmk id`l auy pirkgeml se ks quk fl mkski pkrmkr tlml skahdiftk mkalgrétegl. ^lr ksl suhri yå iftks di glfgekfgei quk tuvl Wgbuapktkr mkd reks`l quk kf orkftif tlmls dls almkdls kdetestis glal kd suyl. ^lr ksl tiaheåf,

 

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MKALGXIGEI

su mkoefege÷f mk di mkalgrigei glal prlgkmeaekftl rksudti efmeslgeibdk mk di aifkri kf quk trit÷ mk demeir glf kd prlhdkai, kstl ks, kstepudifml glf guemiml dis "glfmegelfks piri kd åxetl mkd aåtlml mkalgrétegl‑. U åsti ks di pukrti quk dk mi pisl i ufi skrek mk guks telfks prlpeis di ks ltri pkrspkgtevi, id aesal teka pl qukquk plfkslf kf aés kvemkfgei plrmkquå efveihdk ufi glfgkptuidezige÷f akriakftk prlgkmeakftidesti mk di mkalgrigei. ^iri mkgerdl kf dls tåraefls quk bk vkfeml usifml, ufi glf gkptuidezige÷f isá ipirkftihi bihkr iesdiml ufi prlpekmim glaúf i tlmls dls rk`áakfks mkalgrétegls (kd aåtlml), idkjéfmlsk mk ks ti olrai mk di ipkdige÷f sekaprk glapdegimi y mesgutehdk i dls pi rkgemls mk oiaedei. We kstl oukri vkrmim, idgifzirái di prkskfgei mkd aåtlml piri ddiair mkalgrétegl i uf rå`eakf. Wk kxpdegi quk di o÷raudi mk Wgbuapktkr glskgbiri imkptls répemiakftk. Kxgkptl quk, glal kfsk`uemi vkrkals, åd ouk kd preakrl kf fl grkkr, y plr auy hukfls altevls, quk dis glsis rksudtiskf tif seapdks. ^ukstl mk ltri aifkri, di suyi ks ufi mkoefege÷f mk dis quk suk dkf mkflaefirsk glfmegelfidks  plrquk prlvkkf ufi kspkgeoegige÷f mk skfteml s÷dl pirgeid kf di akmemi kf quk sk biddi sujkti, i su vkz, id guapdeaekftl mk mktkraefimis glfmegelfks. U di áfmldk mk dis glfmegelfks quk dk oeji Wgbuapktkr i su prlgkmeakftidesal dk mif i åstk di tkxturi rkditeviakftk ihekrti quk ks tápegi mk dls pirkge mls mk oiaedei. ^krl iftks mk sk`uer imkdiftk, mkskirái mkstigir ufi gergufstif gei histiftk fltihdk, i di quk dk itrehuyl ufi pirtk mk di rksplfsi hedemim plr ksi plhrkzi mkd mkhitk mkalgrétegl ditefliakregifl quk akfgelfå kf pé`efis iftkrelrks. Kxpdágeti l eapdágetiakftk, dis mkflaefimis trifsegelfks i di mkalgrigei quk lgurrekrlf kf fukstrls piásks kf dis mls údteais må gimis bif kstiml auy efoduemis plr di glfgkptuidezige÷f quk bezl Wgbuapktkr mk di mkalgrigei glal aåtlml. Wu skfgeddkz y su rki desal pirkgáif rksldvkr guidquekr mumi tiftl kf kd pdifl tk÷regl glal kf kd pdifl prégtegl, kspkgeidakftk piri iqukddls quk prl-

 

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D-urihif mestifgeirsk dl aés plsehdk mk iftkrelrks okrvlrks rkvldu gelfirels." Fimi mk eduselfks rlusskiufeifis pisimis mk almi. Di glapktkfgei kftrk mere`kftks y dis kdkggelfks pkre÷megis slf y mk hkf skr dls kjks mkd sestkai y tlml dl quk eaplrti ks quk, i trivås mkd kd pukhdl iùlsi isuquekfks réf vltl, mk mkgemer plr iutlregk åd. We dis gimi glsistiftls fl sidkf `ustl, sk di kfgir`i `kftk yi tkfmré lgise÷f mk mksquetirsk kf dls se`uekftks glaegels. Glftri dl quk eai`efirlf vireis `kfkrigelfks mk blahrks mk glriz÷f tekr f l (pigk  Bk`kd), kstl y fl ltri glsi ks di mkalgrigei. ^lr ksl ibl ri gise tlmls slals mkalgrétegls.0 Ouk ufi tápegi aifelhri kxtrigtevi: sk sig÷ mk Wgbuapktkr di mkoefege÷f pkrl fl sk mejl fimi, l gise fimi, igkrgi mk dis kxe `kftks glfmegelfks i dis guidks åstk di bihái sujktiml. U ksl quk dl pdiftki sef vukdtis: —Di mkalgrigei prlspkri kf sestkais slgeidks quk aukstrif gekrtis girigtkrástegis3 auydkhekf mumirsk se tekfk l fl skfteml kd prk`uftirsk yg÷al eráiplmrái kf ltrls sestk ais quk fl tekfkf ksis girigtkrástegis l g÷al dk erái glf kddi i di `kftk kf ksls ltrls sestkais". K efsestk: —se uf oásegl lhskrvi quk kd aesal akgifesal oufgelfi mk uf alml meokrkftk kf åplgis mes teftis y kf du`irks mesteftls, glfgduyk quk su oufgelfiaekftl mk pkfmk mk glfmegelfks kxtriùis id aesal. Flsltrls fl plmkals sefl ddk`ir i di aesai glfgduse÷f plr dl quk sk rkoekrk id sestkai mkalgrétegl‑. ? Ksgre Ksgrehl, hl, plr kjka pdl, kd slge÷dl`l gb edkf l Ifquk `kd gipturi Odeso Odesoesgb esgb imkguimiakftk rkoe rkoereåfmlsk reåfmlsk i ddiitiftl mk oe fege÷f sgbuapktkreifi: —Ks ufi glfgkptuidezige÷f kd skfteml glal di almidemim kokgtevi mk lpkrige÷f mk uf lrmkf pldátegl mkalgrétegl‑. Mksmk duk`l, dis getis plmráif audtepdegirsk. 0 F ÷tk sk quk ltrf ltrf `rif vk fti ji ipirkftk mk di mk oefege÷f p rlgkmea kftidesti bi seml y ks dl quk @ ueddkra l L ―M lf fk dd dd ddiai iai su aef aefaei aeiôs ôsai, ai, quk oigedeti dis gla pirigelf ks guiftetitevis rkokremis i uf fúakrl iapdel mk gisls. Kf prefgepel, rksudtirái suoegekftk hisir his ir di glap irige÷f kf vire vireihdk ihdkss quk sskk suplfkf tif lhjktevis, ufávlgis y blal`åfkis glal di kxestkfgei mk kdkggelfks pkre÷megis l mk pirtemls pldátegls. Wef kahir`l, dls fu akrlsls gisls mk gdiseoegige÷f mumlsi quk sekaprk ipirkgkf mif tkstealfel mk quk, iuf isá y kf kstk fevk d, glf iqukddi mkoefege mkoefege÷f ÷f fl histi histi..

 

78

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Di slrprksi iftk ksi laese÷f iuakfti guifml sk glaprukhi quk kd iutlr sk lgupi efgdusl mk meokrkfgeir kftrk —dis slgekmimks kf quk ks plsehd pls ehdkk quk oufgelfk‑ kd aåtlml mkalgrétegl mka lgrétegl y iqukdd iqukddis is mlfmk, imk im k aés, pukmk ddk`ir i lpkrir glf åxetl.

Dis glfmegelfks mk ufi mkoefege÷f Kf preakr du`ir, piri Wgbuapktkr ks plsehdk quk kd aåtlml oufgel fk kf —dls piásks mk `rif efmustrei mk tepl almkrfl‑ y, plr dl tif tl, su ir`uakftl sk rkoekrk úfegiakftk i kddls. Fl sk triti mk ufi rkstregge÷f akflr: ksté idumekfml i dis —almkrfis slgekmimks gi petidestis‑ y, aés prkgesiakftk, i dis figelfks lggemkftidks mksirrl ddimis l, glal tiaheåf megk, i dis slgekmimks gipetidestis —kf su kstiml mk aimurkz‑. Igkrgi mk kddis bihái ioeraiml iftks quk —fuf gi buhl tifti dehkrtim pkrslfid -ksperetuid y glrplrid-  p  pii r i tl tlmm l s 3 fufgi buhl tif hukf éfeal piri tldkrir k efgdusl piri oefifgeir i dls kfkae`ls alrtidks mk di gdisk mlaefiftk3 fufgi buhl ufi sea pitái tif kokgtevi plr dls suoreaekftls rkidks y oef`emls3 fufgi tif hukfi mesplsege÷f piri igkptir gir`is slgeidks‑. Kf re`lr, Wgbuapktkr iftegepi isá ufi mk dis prkaesis gkftridks mk dis tklráis mk di almkrfezige÷f mk dls iùls gefgukfti y skskfti: uf piás mkhk glakfzir plr grkgkr kglf÷aegiakftk y plr trifsolr air sus piutis mk lr`ifezige÷f slgeid piri rkgeåf mkspuås kfgirir di tirki mkd mksirrlddl pldátegl, kstl ks, di eapdiftige÷f mk ufi mk algrigei rkprkskftitevi. Fe åd fe quekfks dl se`uekrlf eai`efirlf quk oukri oigtehdk efvkrter di skgukfgei, plstudifml quk kd aåtlml mkalgrétegl pumeksk prkgkmkr i di almkrfezige÷f.2 2 Ksgre Ksgrehái hái bigk tr trks ks mågi mågimis mis uf pldetødl`l flrtkia kregifl: —di kxp krekfgei mk di diss figelf ks quk sskk biddif kf prlgksl mk almkrfezige almkrfezige÷f ÷f efmegi qquk uk di mka lgrigei, tid gl  a l flsltrls di kftkfm ka ls, f l ks ipr iprlpeimi lpeimi pir pirii ssu u kstimel mk mksirrlddl‑ ( Ip tkr, 95 ?; : =; 8). G lf trire trireia ia kftk, io ioer eraihi aihi kf 955 > kd slge slge÷dl`l ÷dl`l hris hrisedkùl edkùl Orifgesgl P koo koolrt: lrt: —fl grk l quk sk pukm pukmii fk`ir quk di mka lgrigei ks kd úf egl gia efl quk pukmk ddkvir i dls pie-

 

ODIGWL - Hehdeltkgi

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Mksmk duk`l, sk pukmk kstir mk igukrml l fl glf ufi prlplsege÷f mk ksti áfmldk. ^krl dl quk fl rksudti dágetl ks pisirdi plr idtl sef sequekri mesguterdi guifml sk imlpti di mkoefege÷f prlgkmeakftidesti plrquk, efsestl, åsti fl ouk pkfsimi plr Wgbuapktkr piri guid quekr slgekmim sefl piri slgekmimks mksirrlddimis, mlfmk —di dk`esdige÷f slgeid l, mk ufi aifkri aés `kfkrid, dis rkolrais efste tugelfidks i oivlr mk dis aisis, fl bif seml seapdkakftk ufi gir `i eapuksti plr di oukrzi i di slgekmim gipetidesti plr di fkgksemim efkdumehdk mk ide`krir di aeskrei sekaprk grkgekftk mk dls plhrks se fl quk, imkaés mk kdkvir kd fevkd mk dis aisis kf vertum mk sus kokg tls iutlaétegls, kd prlgksl gipetidesti bi prlplrgelfiml tiaheåf dls akmels aitkreidks y di vlduftim piri megbi dk`esdige÷f‑. Aés tlmivái guifml, eaprksgefmehdk glal ks, ksti hisk mk mksi rrlddl kglf÷aegl y slgeid tlrfi kf prefgepel veihdk kd aåtlml mkal grétegl pkrl fl idgifzi piri isk`urir su åxetl. Id`ufls mk dls altevls yi oukrlf efsefuimls iftks y tekfkf quk vkr glf dls itrehutls quk mk hkf rkufer tiftl dls mere`kftks glal dls mere`emls. Xkpiskals hrk vkakftk dis guitrl glfmegelfks piri kd åxetl quk oeji Wgbuapktkr. Di preakri bigk i dls pkde`rls quk ddkvi eapdágetls di prlokselfidezige÷f mk di pldátegi. ¼G÷al kvetir di glrrupge÷f mk dls mere`kftks, su kfgekrrl glrplritevl, su aifepudige÷f mk dls rkgursls mk plmkr piri dl`rir pkrpktuirsk kf åd< ¼Mk quå aifkri itrikr i dls aés gipigks k eapkmer quk kd tidkftl y kd girégtkr mk dls pldátegls gie`if —plr mk hijl mkd fevkd akmel‑, glal bihrái sugkmeml kf di Xkpúhdegi mk Pke air< Di rkspuk air< rkspuksti sti mk mk Wgbua Wgb uapkt pktkr kr ks auy auy plgl sitesoigtlrei y oefidakf oefi dakftk tk gergudir: —kd aitkreid buaifl mk di pldátegi mkhk skr mk ufi gidemim suoegekftkakftk kdkvimi‑ y, piri dl`rirdl, di —úfegi `iriftái kokgtevi‑ ks quk sk glfsldemk uf —kstritl slgeid‑ mkmegiml plr kftkrl i kddi. Fi sk skss diteflia kregifls i di almkrfemim‑. almkrfemim‑. U kstl duk`l duk`l mk mk slstkfkr quk kf I a åregi Di tefi sk bi kstifgiml di almkrfezige÷f —kf dls pdifls slgeid y kglf÷aegl"3 sk suork uf prkl gup iftk "hdlq uk l mk pkrspkgtevis‑ y ufi —¡alaei ` kfkridezimi‑3 kfkridezimi‑3 sk ai rgbi bigei —d —dii mkseftk`rige÷f slgeid"3 y sk bif meoufmeml kf di plhdige÷f skfteaekftls mk —pårmemi mk outurl" y mk —pårmemi mk du`ir kf kd aufml‑.

 

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MKALGXIGEI

mi megk, plr kjkapdl, igkrgi mkd reks`l mk quk kstk kstritl sk glrrla pi fe mkd pipkd quk mkhkf ju`ir di flraitevemim jurámegi y su efstetugelfidezige÷f kf uf Kstiml glfstetugelfid oerakakftk irrie`iml. ^krl ak eaplrti akfls mesguter iblri ksi skumlslduge÷f quk suhri yir tlml dl quk mksmk yi eapdegi: i sihkr, quk fe di akri glapktkfgei kftrk dls mere`kftks fe dls vltls quk åstls rkgehkf slf uf ivid suoegekf tk mk su emlfkemim l mk su glfmugti mkalgrétegi.5 [fi sk`ufmi glfmege÷f itiùk i di glfvkfekfgei mk kxgduer mkd giapl mk dis mkgeselfks pldátegis i ufi giftemim mk isuftls quk ks akjlr plfkr kf aifls mk kspkgeidestis, dl guid efgduyk i di imaefes trige÷f mk justegei, id aifkjl mk dis oefifzis, ktg. Kf ltris pidihris, fl skrái fkgksirel fe úted quk tlmis dis oufgelfks mkd Kstiml sk re`ek skf plr kd aåtlml mkalgrétegl. W÷dl quk tiaheåf kd pkde`rl iftk relr pdifki slhrk kstk prefgepel plequk —kd plmkr mkd pldátegl piri mkse`fir kd pkrslfid mk dls lr`ifesals púhdegls fl pldátegls, se dl kapdki mk ufi aifkri mksgirimi i oivlr mk sus pirgeidks, histiré i akfuml plr sá aesal piri glrrlapkrdl‑. Kf tkrgkr du`ir, i uf `lhekrfl mkalgrétegl dk ks efmespkfsihdk glf tir glf —dls skrvegels mk ufi hurlgrigei hekf gipigetimi quk `lgk mk hukfi rkputige÷f y sk iplyk kf ufi s÷demi trimege÷f, mltimi mk uf oukr tk skfteml mkd mkhkr y mk uf kspret mk glrps   fl akfls oukrtk‑. ^krl ufi aiquefirei isá —fl pukmk grkirsk iprksurimiakftk‑ y, ltri vkz, —di gukste÷f mkd aitkreid buaifl mesplfehdk ks mk eaplrtifgei mkgesevi‑. Wk`úf sk vk, bisti iquá dis glfmegelfks `erif kf tlrfl i dis girig tkrástegis mk dls mere`kftks k efstidif ufi gukste÷f prkvei quk kd aåtlml mkalgrétegl fl pukmk rksldvkr plr sá aesal, i pksir mk quk kforkfti isá ufi iakfizi glfstiftk piri su hukf oufgelfiaekftl 5 Dis mevk mevkrsi rsiss guidemi guidemimks mks quk kxe`k di vl gig e÷f pldátegi oukrlf ufi prklgup ige÷f gk f  trid mk Aix Pkhkr, guyi efodukfgei slhrk Wgbuapktkr ks fltlrei. ^iri Pkhkr, sk triti mk ufi prlokse÷f quk mkaifmi ufi glahefige÷f histiftk efusuid mk itrehutls eftkdkgtuidks y kalgelfidks. Kftrk ltris glsis, kd pldátegl mkhk isuaer ufi pdkfi rksplfsihedemim pkrsl fid plr di giusi quk ihrizi, plskkr hukf juegel, skr tif skfsitl glal kstlegl, kstir mlti ml mk `rifmks mlses mk kfkr`ái y mk rksestkfgei y sihkr quk su trihijl rkquekrk —eri y kstumel‑.

 

WGB[A^K]KX U DLW ^LDÁ]EGLW

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k efgdusl piri su glftefuemim. Fls biddials kf di orlftkri glf di ve  pukh khdl dl,, guyi mksglfoeifzi bigei dis akmeigelfks sus se÷f `lhekrfl mkd pu gkptehdks mk lsgurkgkr di kxprkse÷f mk di vlduftim iut÷flai mk dls geumimifls di ddkv÷ best÷regiakftk i emkir, glf aiylr l akflr koe gigei, meokrkftks akgifesals mk glftrld mk dls mkdk`imls l rkprkskf tiftks y mevkrsls sestkais mk pksls y glftripksls. Aés iúf quk kf ksti pkrspkgtevi bif lgupiml sekaprk uf du`ir mk prevedk`el dls tk ais mk di kmugige÷f gávegi y mk dis prégtegis mkalgrétegis y ks prk gesiakftk i kddls quk sk vefgudi di guirti glfmege÷f mk Wgbuapktkr. Glfgekrfk, kf kokgtl, i di —iutlmesgepdefi mkalgrétegi‑3 y åsti su plfk uf rkspktl ihsldutl plr di dky y uf idtl `riml mk tldkrifgei bi gei dis meokrkfgeis mk lpefe÷f plr pirtk mk di geumimifái. ^krl, slhrk tlml, —dls kdkgtlrimls y dls pirdiakftls tekfkf quk tkfkr uf fevkd ef tkdkgtuid y alrid dl histiftk kdkviml glal piri kstir i sidvl mk dls lorkgeaekftls mk dls ouddkrls y oirsiftks l mk ltrls blahrks quk, sef skr fe ufi glsi fe ltri, sk glfmugeréf mk di aesai aifkri quk iahls‑. Kstk ks uf pérriol mkgesevl y akrkgk ufi rkdkgturi. ^lr uf diml, vukdvk i plfkr mk aifeoekstl quk, plr sá sldl, kd aåtlml quk Wgbua pktkr ddiai mkalgrétegl fl efaufezi kf ihsldutl glftri oirsiftks y ouddkrls fe ks fkgksireiakftk iptl piri prltk`kr kd kjkrgegel aes al mk mk di mkalg mka lgri rigei gei.. ^lr kd ltrl ”y kd tka tkaii rkipirkg rki pirkgkré kré vireis vk v k gks kf kstk dehrl- kd åxetl mk ksk aåtlml tkraefi mkpkfmekfml, kf glfskgukfgei, mkd kdkviml fevkd eftkdkgtuid y alrid  mk di geumimifái. Kd puftl ks tif eaplrtiftk quk Wgbuapktkr ddk`i id kxtrkal mk prlgdiair quk di iutlmesgepdefi mkalgrétegi kxe`k —uf girégtkr fi gelfid y ufls béhetls figelfidks mk uf gekrtl tepl quk fl kf tlmis pirtks bif tkfeml lplrtufemim mk mksirrlddirsk, sef quk pukmi glf oeirsk kf quk dls grkk kd aesal aåtlml mkalgrétegl‑. We sk di tl ai detkridakftk, ufi ioeraige÷f mk kstk tepl l ks fukviakftk gergudir l sk prksti i eftkrprktigelfks ktflgåftregis tif erretiftks glal efslstkfehdks. ^krl aés iddé mk di plgi okdegemim mk di o÷raudi, efme gi mk fukvl bisti m÷fmk, piri piri Wgbua Wgbuapktkr, pktkr, ufi mkalgrigei prlgkmeakftidesti s÷dl pukmk lpkrir védemiakftk glal tid iddá mlfmk

 

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MKALGXIGEI

-plr Jis rizlfks quk ouksk- di geumimifái gukfti glf dls rkgursls aitkreidks, eftkdkgtuidks y alridks imkguimls. Mk ibá quk rkstrefji su ifédeses i dls piásks mksirrlddimls3 y mk ibá tiaheåf di eaprumkf gei mk quekfks bif qukreml iprlpeirsk mkd aåtlml ldveméfmlsk mk  Jis glfm gl fmeg egel elfk fks, s, sef mirsk ggu u kf kfti ti mk quk su prktkf prk tkfmem memii sk skfg fgedd eddkz kz rk rk  sudti ipkfis ipirkftk. Ks isá, plr kjkapdl, quk tekfk riz÷f Gistlreimes guifml ksgrehk glf oukrtk tlfl grátegl quk ufi mkalgrigei prlgkmeakftidesti glfs tetuyk uf oriumk —sidvl quk ufl eftkrvkf`i prloufmiakftk kf di lr `ifezige÷f sustiftevi mk di vemi slgeid‑. ^krl Wgbuapktkr (pksk i sus glfveggelfks alférquegis, i su deaetimi seapitái plr di mkalgri gei y i su mksmåf plr dls —suhflraidks‑ quk, sk`úf åd, slf sekaprk di pirtk aés fuakrlsi mkd pukhdl) fl úfegiakftk dl sihái sefl quk dl mejl iftks. Mkspuås, kd aesal Gistlreimes sk prk`ufti quå sugkmkrái se i uf piás —di mkalgrigei dk giyksk mkd gekdl‑ (sk suplfk quk se`uk bihdifml mk di mkalgrigei glal aåtlml)3 y rksplfmk quk fl muri rái aés quk ufls plgls iùls sidvl quk kf`kfmrisk efmevemuls quk sk glrrksplfmekrif glf kddi y quk oukskf gipigks mk bigkrdi oufgel fir y mk rkprlmugerdi. We ufl sk itekfk i Gipetidesal, slgeidesal y mk algrigei, Wgbuapktkr buhekri seml tlmivái aés ksgåptegl quk åd kf guiftl i di iptetum mkd prlpel aåtlml piri `kfkrir tidks efmevemuls. Kf rksuakf, dl gekrtl ks quk hukfi pirtk mk di plpudiremim mk di quk `lzi Wgbuapktkr kftrk dls ifidestis mk di pldátegi kf Iaåregi Ditefi (y fl s÷dl iquá) ksté hisimi kf uf aidkftkfmeml. Aés i`u ml y akfls glapdigekftk mk sus sk`uemlrks, kd kglfl aesti iustráigl fl grkái quk kf augbls kd  `l  ` l h ek r f l m k d p u k h dl   pkrl kstihi glfvkfgeml mk quk, kf iuskfgei mk ufi skrek mk rkquesetls auy prk gesls, kd `l  `lhe hekr krf f l mk m k dls ppldá ldátegl teglss mkskahlgirái, aés tirmk l aés tka prifl, kf uf akrl seaudigrl mk rå`eakf mkalgrétegl. U kddl i pksir mk quk buheksk pirtemls pldátegls l kdkggelfks pkre÷megis. Ui bihái megbl Jkookrslf quk mk fimi vidk quk i dls måspltis —dls biyials kdk`eml flsltrls aesals: uf mkspltesal kdkgtevl fl ks kd `lhekr fl plr kd guid bkals dugbiml‑.

 

_. Dis tklráis pduridestis K s B I H E ] [ I D (y glrrkgtl) prkskftir i Wgbuapktkr glal kd iftkgk mkftk efakmeitl mk di mkflaefimi glfgkpge÷f —pduridesti‑ mk di mkalgrigei, quk mlaef÷ di detkrituri if`dlsijlfi mk dis mågimis mkd gefgukfti y mkd skskfti k bezl skfter tiaheåf su efodukfgei kf Iaå regi Ditefi. Ak rkokrerå auy sugeftiakftk i kddi plrquk ks ltri di mkrevige÷f quk quekrl bigkr mk dl kxpukstl rkgeåf y ksti aesai rkokrkfgei ak skrveré piri justeoegirdi. Dls pduridestis mekrlf plr hukfi di mkoefege÷f prlgkmeakfridesti mk di mkalgrigei pkrl giaheirlf id`ufls mk sus supukstls,  `lh lh ek ekrr f l m k dls p l de tritifml mk idkjirsk ise mk ufi kstregti vese÷f  ` tegls. Wu oufmimi y prefgepid grátegi i Wgbuapktkr ouk quk, id lpk rir glf uf almkdl megltøaegl glapukstl s÷dl plr dls geumimifls y dls pldátegls, pis÷ plr idtl kd bkgbl fimi treveid mk quk tidks geu mimifls pirtegepif mk ufi audtetum mk islgeigelfks (sefmegitls, lr`ifezigelfks kaprksireis, `rupls mk prkse÷f, glaufemimks rkde `elsis y vkgefidks, ktg.), dis guidks sk kfgir`if mk irtegudir y mk i`rk`ir sus mkaifmis piri mkspuås prlalvkrdis k eapudsirdis if tk dis iutlremimks. Di glfskgukfgei mk kstl, sk`úf dls pduridestis, ks quk kd plmkr sk biddi mespkrsl kf di slgekmim y quk sekaprk kxestk ufi audtepdegemim tiftl mk puftls mk iggksl i di glsi púhdegi glal mk prlgksls mk mk gese÷f. ^iri ksti pkrspkgtevi, kftlfgks, kd Kstiml igtuirái slhrk tl ml glal uf érhetrl quk mkgemk kftrk dis mevkrsis mkaifmis quk rkgehk, sk`úf di gidemim mk tidks mkaifmis y glfolrak i di eaplr tifgei mk dls iplyls quk kddis skif gipigks mk alvedezir. ^lr ksl, fl rksudtirái mk fef`ufi aifkri efkvetihdk ksi glfgkftrige÷f mk pl

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MKALGXIGEI

mkr kf aifls mk dls mere`kftks pldátegls quk bihái mksgreptl Wgbua pktkrr y quk ti pktk tift ftll dl prkl prklgup gupihi ihi.9 .9>> Glal ksgrehái kf 95;? Xlhkrt Mibd, ufl mk dls aés dúgemls tk÷regls mkd pduridesal, aekftris quk ufi megtimuri ks kd `lhekr fl mk u f i   aeflrái, ufi mkalgrigei ks kd `lhekrfl mk ufi giftem i m   mk a eflráis, quk viráif vi ráif kf fú fúakrl akrl,, tia iùl iù l y mevkrse mev krsemi mim.9 m.999

^lr ksl, —di tklrái mkalgrétegi sk lgupi mk dls prlgksls akmeif tk dls guidks dls geumimifls glaufks kjkrgkf uf `riml mk glftrld rkditeviakftk idtl slhrk dls dámkrks‑3 y dls efstruakftls oufmi akftidks mk kstk glftrld slf, plr uf diml, dis kdkggelfks pkre÷me gis y, plr kd ltrl, di glapktkfgei kftrk dls pirtemls, dls `rupls y dls efmevemuls. ^krl dl quk ak eftkrksi suhriyir iquá ks quk, kf åsk y ltrls ksgre tls, tiaheåf Mibd (id e`uid quk Wgbuapktkr iftks y quk augbls ltrls pduridestis mkspuås) sk kapkùi kf kstihdkgkr —dls rkquesetls sl

geidks mk di mkalgrigei‑, l ski, fukviakftk, dis glfmegelfks quk di tlrfif plsehdk y veihdk. U slstekfk quk kd aés eaplrtiftk mk tlmls kddls ks di ihufmifgei aitkreid, i di quk vefgudi merkgtiakftk glf dls prlgksls mk efmustreidezige÷f y mk urhifezige÷f quk tuvekrlf du `ir kf dls piásks gipetidestis ivifzimls. 9(V Iu fquk fl pukml mkt mktkfkrak kfkrak iquá kf kst kstkk pu al, vidk di pkfi skùidir quk di pk pkrs rs pkgtevi pduridesti sk ouk almeoegifml glf kd tekapl i pirter mk uf mlhdk rkglflgeaekf tl: kd mk di grkgekftk iutlflaái rkditevi mk dls ipiritls kstitidks y kd mk dis `rifmks iseaktráis mk plmkr quk meokrkfgeif i dls `rupls quk dls prkselfif. Kf dis údteais mågi mis, mis, mif uf hukf tkste tksteal al fel mk ks kstls tls giah els ddiis glrre glrrekftks kftks quk sskk glf lg kf gla l ——ff kl  pduridesti‑ pduridest i‑ y ——fkl fkl glrplhistiftk ritesti". aés ^ lr dl ks lp lrtufl ger quk kf ufi dl dlss Kstimls emls kd pduridesal bi seml qukmkaés, ufi tklrái pldátegi:mkglfstetuyk oedlsloái[f púhde gi mk di guid pirtegepif tiftl Xkpuhdegifls glal Mka÷gritis, iufquk skif mesteftls dls `rupls `ru pls mk eftkr eftkrksks ksks gl f dl dlss quk sskk emkf teoe teoequkf qukf . 99 Kf re`lr re`lr,, Mibd prkoekrk rkskrvir kd tåra efl mkalgrigei   piri uf sestkai pldátegl emkid (y quezés efidgifzihdk) mlfmk kxesti ufi pkrokgti l gise pkrokgti e`uidmim mk plmkr, y bi hdir kf gia hel mk  p l dei de i r q u ái ,  ks mkger, mkd `lhekrfl mk augbls pkrl fl mk tlmls, guifml sk triti mk rkokrersk i rk`áakfks glfgrktls, ddusári, mk kstk alml, ksi meokrkfgei i di quk ak rkokrá kf pé`efis iftkrelrks, kftrk di emki   mk di mkalgrigei y sus a ife o k s tige lfk s b e s t÷regis glfgrktis.

 

DIW ]KLXÁIW ^D[XIDEW]IW

 

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Mk ksi ihufmifgei mkpkfmk fl s÷dl quk —di aeskrei y kd glfodeg tl slgeid sk rkmuzgif i prlplrgelfks aifkjihdks‑ sefl quk di geumi mifái pukmi `lzir mk idtls fevkdks mk kmugige÷f y mk efolraige÷f, isá glal tiaheåf mkd tekapl [hrk fkgksirel piri di pirtegepige÷f pldátegi. Iùimk i kstl quk, iuf guifml di mestrehuge÷f mkd efprksl fl e`uidetirei, uf fl lrmkf mkalgrétegl ks errkidezihdk iddá mlfmk dls ski rkgursls pldátegls rksudtif rkditeviakftk e`uidks piri tlmls. Aés tlmivái, mkhk bihkr uf kxtkfmeml glfskfsl kf di slgek slgekmim mim igkr gi mk dls vidlrks vidlrks quk `lhekrfif kd sestkai sestkai,, kftkfmekf k ftkfmekfml ml tid glfsk gl fskf f sl fl glal akri iqueksgkfgei sefl kf kd skfteml prloufml mk ufi vkrmimkri gudturi pldátegi. Iùls mkspuås, Mibd ehi i itkapkrir kd pduridesal mkaiseiml sea pdk mk sus pdiftkls efegeidks glf mls rkglflgeaekftls auy se`feoe gitevls piri fukstrl isuftl: ufl, quk kf dls piásks gipetidestis dis `rifmks lr`ifezigelfks -kf kspkgeid, dis kglf÷aegis”bif idgifzi ml uf plmkr mksakmeml, pkde`rlsis quk mestlr selfif dis rk`dis mkd juk`l3`kfkrifml y ltrl, qukiseaktráis sef ufi mkalgritezige÷f prkvei mk dls du`irks mk trihijl, di e`uidmim pldátegi tkraefi sekfml uf ae tl. Kf kd olfml, meré gdiriakftk Mibd, tlmls dls rkquesetls mk di mk algrigei sk glfmkfsif kf di kxe`kfgei mk uf  p  pre ref f g epel ep el o u k r t k mk   e`uidmim.

Wk`úf sk vk, tiaheåf kstls tritiaekftls mk di mkalgrigei igihif rkaeteåfmlfls merkgtiakftk id tkai mk su oigtehedemim kf glftkx tls mktkraefimls. Ks aés: duk`l mk tlair glal puftl mk pirtemi di  `lh lhek ekrf rfll mk dls pl pldát dátegl egls, s,  dls pduridestis aitezirlf kd ipirkftk vese÷f  ` rkidesal mk Wgbuapktkr id i`rk`irdk i su ifédeses di glfsemkrige÷f, tiftl mk ufi virekmim mk olrais mk igge÷f plsehdks kf kd kspigel púhdegl glal mk dis iseaktráis mk plmkr. U, slhrk tlml, begekrlf uf pirtegudir befgipeå kf di gukste÷f mk di e`uidmim, iddá mlfmk kd kgl flaesti iustráigl slstkfái quk fl bihái biddiml —kf di ksokri mkd ifédeses kapáregl‑ fef`ufi —justeoegige÷f rigelfid‑ piri kxidtirdi. Mk ibá quk ae eftkfge÷f fl ski tiftl glfkgtir dl quk ddkvials megbl glf ufi mesguse÷f igkrgi mk di kstrugturi mkd plmkr -glal

 

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MKALGXI GEI

bigk kd pduridesal- sefl rkdigelfirdl glf gekrtls ispkgtls mk di prl hdkaétegi mk dis glfmegelfks, quk juz`l grátegls piri sihkr guéfml y g÷al ks plsehdk l fl bihdir mk pirkgemls mk oiaedei.