Notes the Common and Iupac Names of Organic Compounds

The common and IUPAC names of the organic compounds in order of their functional groups are given in a tabular form: Ethers

Alkanes

Structure

Common name

IUPAC name

Butane

CH3-O-CH3

Dimethyl ether

Methoxy methane

iso-Butane

2-methyl propane

CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 Diethyl ether

Ethoxy ethane

CH3(CH2)4CH3

n-hexane

Hexane

CH3-O-CH2-CH3

Ethylmethylether

methoxy ethane

CH3.(CH3)2.C.CH3

neo pentane

2,2-di methyl propane

CH4

methane

methane

CH3-CH3 

Ethane

Ethane

CH3-CH2-CH3

Propane

Propane

Structure

Common name

IUPAC name

HCHO

Formaldehyde

Methanal

CH3CHO

Acetaldehyde

Ethanal

CH3-CH2-CHO

Propanaldehyde

Propanal

Structure

Common name

IUPAC name

CH3COCH3

Acetone

Propanone

CH3-CH2-CO-CH3

Ethyl methyl ketone Butanone

Structure

Common name

IUPAC name

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

n-Butane

(CH3)2CH CH3

Alkenes

Structure

Common name

IUPAC name

CH2=CH2

Ethylene

Ethene

CH3-CH=CH2

Propylene

Propene

CH3-CH2-CH=CH2

Unsym butylene

1-butene

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 

Sym butene

2-butene

Alkynes

Common name

IUPAC name

H-C≡C-H

Acetylene

Ethyne

CH3-CH2-C≡C-H

CH3-C≡C-CH3

Ketones

Carboxylic acids

Structure

CH3-C≡C-H

Aldehydes

Methyl acetylene/ Propylene Ethyl acetylene/ Butylene Di methyl acetylene Butylene

Propyne

1-butyne

2-butyne

Alcohols

Structure

Common name

IUPAC name

HCOOH

Formic acid

Methanoic acid

CH3COOH

Acetic Acid

Ethanoic acid

CH3-CH2COOH

Propionic acid

Propanoic acid

CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH n-butyric acid

Butanoic acid

Esters Structure

Common name

IUPAC name

H-CO-OCH3

Methyl formate

Methyl methanoate

Structure

Common name

IUPAC name

CH3-CO-OCH2-CH3 Ethyl acetate

CH3-OH

Methyl alcohol

Methanol

Alkyl halides

CH3-CH2-OH

Ethyl alcohol

Ethanol

CH3-CH2-CH2-OH

n- Propyl alcohol

Propanol

CH3-CH(OH)-CH3

iso-propyl alcohol

1-propanol

Ethyl ethanoate

Structure

Common name

IUPAC name

CH3-Cl

Methyl chloride

Chloromethane

CH3-CH2-Br

Ethyl bromide

Bromoehtane

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Acid Chloride

Other common names for compounds:

Structure

Common name

IUPAC name

C6H6(Benzene)

H-COCl

Formyl chloride

Methanoyl chloride

C6H5.OH (Phenol)

CH3-COCl

Acetyl chloride

Ethanoyl chloride

C6H5.NH2 ( Aniline) C6H5.CH3( Toluene) C6H5COOH(Benzoic acid)

Acid amides

C12H22O11(Sucrose)

Structure

Common name

IUPAC name

Many other compounds have names, still in use, which are

H-CO-NH2

Formamide

Methanamide

not in connivance with IUPAC guidelines but accepted, e.g.,

CH3-CO-NH2

Acetamide

Ethanamide

Camphor, Naphthalene, Anthracene, Isoprene, etc

Structure

Common name

IUPAC name

CH3-NH2

Methyl amine

Methanamine

Secondary suffix indicates the functional group present in the compound. The functional groups are m entioned as follows:

CH3-CH2-NH2

Ethyl amine

Ethanamine

Amines (Primary)



 Alcohol -ol



 Aldehyde -al

IUPAC name



Ketone -one

N-methyl



Carboxylic acid -oic acid

methanamine



Ester -oate

Amines (Secondary)

Structure

Common name

(CH3)2-NH

Di methyl amine

CH3-CH2-(CH3)-NH

Ethyl methyl amine N-methylethanamine

Amines (Tertiary)

 Acid chloride -oyl chloride



 Alkyl cyanide  –nitrile, etc.

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Structure

Common name

(CH3)3N

Tri methyl amine

CH3-CH2(CH3)2N



IUPAC name N,N-dimethyl methanamine

Ethyl dimethyl

N,N-dimethyl

amine

ethanamine