Nota Ringkas Ask T1

August 20, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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Nltf Nltf Ydnojf Ydnojfss Fsfs Fsfs Sfdns Sfdns J Jlbp lbpute uterr

( FSJ) ]6

IFI6 1 JLNSE[ FSFS [EBDJDYFN JLB[U]FSDLNF@ 6. Bfjsum [ebdjdrfn Jlbputfsdlnf` Jlbputfsdlnf` 1 Sftu prlses pebdjdrfn ifod tuaufn benyeèsfdjfn benyeèsfdj fn bfsf`fg lèg bfnusdf senmdrd ierifntujfn besdn ftfu jemuf-mufnyf sejf`d menofn benoounfjfn jlnsep fsfs sfdns jlbputer. 9. ]ejndj mf`fb [ebdjdrfn Jlbputfsdlnf` 1 f) ]ejndj @erfdfn @erfdfn be`diftjfn be`diftjfn pebecfgfn suftu bfsf`fg ftfu sdsteb yfno jlbpèjs jepfmf ifgfodfn-ifgfodfn ifgfodfn-ifgfodf n jecd` ifod bebumfgjfn pebfgfbfn mfn penyeèsfdfn penyeèsfdfn.. Clrfj df`fg bencfrd i) ]ejndj [enoecfbfn Clrfj df`fg persfbffn ftfu clrfj pfmf ifgfodfn-ifgfodfn jecd` bfsf`fg mfn beètfjjfnnyf mf`fb sftu jubpu`fn yfno sfbf. [endsjf`ffn df`fg bendnoof`jfn c) ]ejndj [endsjf`ffn df`fg fspej-fspej jurfno pentdno yfno termfpft mf`fb clrfj-clrfj yfno mdcfbjfn mfn bebhljus jepfsf fspej-fspej pentdno yfno mfpft bebifntu mf`fb penyeèsfdfn bfsf`fg. m) ]ejndj [enodt`fjfn be`diftjfn [enodt`fjfn be`diftjfn pebidnffn blme` ( hlrbu`f ,tejndj, perfturfn ftfu `fnojfg-`fnojfg ) ifod bfsf`fg yfno mdseèsfdjfn. --------------------- ]fbft Ifi 6 --------------------IFI 9 1 [EY_FJD@FN MF]F 9.6 SDS]EB NLBILY [EYMUFFN Nlbilr Nlbilr [er [erpu` puùgf ugfn n

Nlbilr Nlbilr [ermuf [ermuffn fn

 Mdjenf`d seifofd

 Mdjenf`d seifofd

Sdsteb Fsfs 6;.  Benoounfjfn 6; mdodt dfdtu ;-4  Mdounfjfn lèg bfnusdf mf`fb jegdmupfn segfrdfn

Sdsteb Fsfs 9.  Benoounfjfn 9 mdodt dfdtu ; mfn 6.  Mdounfjfn lèg jlbputer untuj benydbpfn mftf. ( ; 2 Lhh , 6 2 LN )

[enujfrfn Nlbilr [ermuffn jepfmf Nlbilr [erpuùgfn

@fnojfg = 1 = 1 9 ilèg mdfbid` mfrd 9,bfjf tebpftjfn 6 pfmf `faur nd`fd tebpft 9 m fn tl`fjjfn 9 mfrdpfmf 9 dfdtu( 9-9 2 ; ) @fnojfg 5 1 5 1 6 tdmfj ilèg mdfb mdfbid` id` mfrd; , bfjf tebpftjfn ; pfmf nd`fd tebpft 6 ( ifjd jejf` ;)

Clntlg 1 ]ujfrjfn 6;6;9 jepfmf nlbilr perp perpuùgfn. uùgfn. [enyeèsfdfn 1

Nd Nd`` fd fd t eb eb pft pft Nl. [ermuffn Aub`fg

93 27 6 6x7 27

99 2= ; ;x= 2;

96 2 9 6 6x9 29

Z cdjou nllr sgfhdnfz idntd sffm R

9; 26 ; ;x6 2;

Nd`fd ]ebpermuffn pft Nlbilr

668

7 ;

= ;

9 6

6 ;

Clntlg 1 ]ujfrjfn 676; jepfmf nlbilr permuffn. [enyeèsfdfn 1

[enl`fjfn Muf Nlbilr [ermuffn

[enujfrfn Nlbilr [erpuùgfn jepfmf Nlbilr [ermuffn 6) Jfemfg ifgfod menofn 9 mfn ounfjfn ifjdnyf

ifjd ifjd Ifjd ifjd ifjd

+

Ebpft tftfcfrf untuj lperfsd tfbifg ifod nlbilr permuffn. ]ftf ]ftfcf cfrf rf Lper Lperfsd fsd ]fbi ]fbifg fg Gf Gfsd sd`` ]fb ]fbifg ifg 6 ;-; ; 9 6-; 6 3 6-6 ; = 6; - 6 6

; 6 ; ; 6

Bfjf 676; 2 6;;6;9 9) Jfemfg Fbid` mfrd Ifjd Clntlg 1 ]ujfrjfn 676; jepfmf nlbilr permuffn.

[enfbifgfn mfn [enl`fjfn Nlbilr [ermuffn mf`fb Benteraebfg Fjsfrf [enoejl mfn FSCDD 6.

[enyeèsfdfn 1 @fnojfg 6 1 68 1 68 ilèg mdfbid` mfrd 67 , bfjf tebpftjfn 6 pfmf `faur nd`fd tebpft 68 mfn tl`fjjfn 68 mfrdpfmf 67 dfdtu ( 67-68 2 9 ) @fnojfg 91 7 tdmfjilèg mdfb mdfbid` id` mfrd 9 , bfjf tebpftjfn ; pfmf nd`fd tebpft 7 ( ifjd jejf` 9 ) @fnojfg 3 1 = tdmfj ilèg mdfbid` mfrd 9 , bfjf tebpftjfn ; pfmf nd`fd tebpft = ( ifjd jejf` 9 )

9.

6

Jlm FSCDD df`f df`fg g sdnojftfn sdnojftfn mfrdpfmf mfrdpfmf Fberdcfn Stfnmfrm Clme hlr Dnhlrbftdln Dntercgfnoe yfno bewfjd`d setdfp fjsfrf. Df benoounfj benoounfjfn fn nlbilr nlbilr permuffn permuffn untuj untuj bewfjd`d setdfp fjsfrf ( guruh , sdbil` jgfs , mdodt ) mfn bebpunyfd 697 fjsfrf.

6 ; 6

6 ; 6

; 6 6

Gf Gfsd sd`` tfbi tfbifg fg ;6 ;66;+ 6;+ ;; ;;;6 ;6 2 ;66 ;666 6 Mo Mon n be beru ruau auj j afmu afmuf` f` Jlm Jlm FSCD FSCDD, D, ;; ;;66;66 66;666 6 mdwf mdwfjd jd`d `d lèg lèg fjsf fjsfrf rf ?

=. Lperfsd tl`fj fntfrf tl`fj fntfrf muf Jlm muf Jlm FSCDD Jlm FSCDD ;;66 6;;; 6;;;  - Jlm FSCDD ;;66 ;6;;

[enfbifgfn Muf Nlbilr [ermuffn @dbf tftfcfrf untuj lperfsd tfbifg ifod nlbilr permuffn. ]ftf ]ftfcf cfrf rf Lper Lperfsd fsd ]fbi ]fbifg fg Gf Gfsd sd`` ]fb ]fbifg ifg 6 ;+; ; 9 ;+6 6 3 6+; 6 = 6+6 6; 5 6; + 6 66

67 ÿ 9 2 4 4 ÿ 9 2 = = ÿ 9 2 9 9 ÿ 9 2 6 6 ÿ 9 2 ;

Jlm FSCDD ;;66 ;66; ;66; + + Jlm FSCDD ;;66 ;;;6 ; ; ;

Bfjf 676; 2 6;;6;9

Bfjf nlbilr perpuùgfn ifod 6;6;9 df`fg 27+;+9+; 2 6;6;

6. 9. 3. =. 5.

3. Lperfsd Lperfsd tfbif tfbifg g fntfrf muf Jlm muf Jlm FSCDD

;

-

6;

6 ; ;

; 6 6

; ; ;

; ; ;

Gf Gfsd sd`` tfbi tfbifg fg 6; 6;;; ;; - ;6 ;6;; ;; 2 ;6 ;6;; ;; Mo Mon n be beru ruau auj j afmu afmuf` f` Jlm Jlm FSCD FSCDD, D, ;; ;;66;6; 66;6;; ; mdwf mdwfjd jd`d `d lèg lèg fjsf fjsfrf rf =

9.9 UJU UJUYFN YFN MF]F 6. Bfjsum Bfjsum Dbea Dbea Mdodtf` Mdodtf` - ofbifr yfno mdrfjfb mfn mdsdbpfn mf`fb ientuj pl`f-pl`f ( ; mfn 6 ). 9. Undt ujurfn dbea mdodtf` 1 Undt Ftrdiut Bfjnf Ujurfn 6) Yeslùsd Yeslùsd Id`fnofn pdjse` mpd yfno termfpft ( mlts per pfmf sesuftu dncg ) dbea. Clntlg 1 Sejdrfnyf suftu dbea bebpunyfd reslùsd ?9 mpd, bfjf df bebpunyfd ?9 pdjse` èifr mfn ?9 pdjse` tdnood dfdtu ?9x?92567= pdjse` sedncd perseod. 9) Mdbensd Mdbensd

Ujurfn pfnafno mfn èifr sesuftu dbea.

pdjse`

Mdbensd sesuftu dbea 2 id`fnofn pdjse` pfnafno x id`fnofn pdjse` èifr



Nltf Nltf Ydnojf Ydnojfss Fsfs Fsfs Sfdns Sfdns J Jlbp lbpute uterr 3) Jemf`fbfn Jemf`fbfn idt wfrnf

( FSJ) ]6

ipp Aub`fg wfrnf (idts per mf`fb sesuftu pdxe` ) dbea. Clntlg 1 Dbea yfno ierjemf`fbfn wfrnf 9 idt benofnmunod = wfrnf

9) Jemf`fbfn idt

Id`fnofn idt mf`fb sfbpe`

Idts

Clntlg 1 f) Fumdl 6 idt ( 9 nd`fd permuffn )

9

jerfnf 9 2 = . Df bewfjd`d 1 ;; 2 _frnf putdg ;6 2_frnf je`fiu cerfg 6; 2 _frnf je`f je`fiu iu oe`fp 66 2 _frnf gdtf gdtfb b Nlte 1 9n , dfdtu n df`fg nd`fd jemf`fbfn idt wfrnf sesuftu dbea.

3. Bfjsum Bfjsum Fumdl Fumdl Mdodtf` df`fg Mdodtf` df`fg dsyfrft iunyd yfno te`fg mdtujfr jepfmf nlbilr permuffn mfn mdsdbpfn mf`fb ientuj pl`f-pl`f idt. =. Undt ujurfn ifod fumdl mdodtf` 1 Ftrdiut Bfjnf 6) Jfmfr Sfbpe`

Id`f Id`fnofn nofn sfbpe` sfbpe` sesfft yfno mdfbid` mdfbid` lèg f`ft fnf` fnf`lo lo tl mdo mdodtf dtf` ` clnverter (FMC) sebf sebfsf sf prls prlses es penmdodtf`fn.

Undt Ujurfn Gertz (Gz)

i) (gfbpdr sfbf )

[erjfdtfn fntfrf Juf`dtd , Sfdz , Jemf`fbfn _frnf ( cl`lr meptg ) mfn Yeslùsd Dbea.

Sfdz Hfd` mfn Juf`dtd untuj Fumdl yfno Sfbf mf`fb [eìfofd Hlrbft Hfd`

6. @eidg tdnood reslùsd, reslùsd, mdbensd mfn jemf`fbfn idt wfrnf bfjf èidg tdnood jeperdncdfn sesuftu dbea mfn bebierdjfn dbea yfno ae`fs, tfafb mfn benfrdj.

Aends Hlrbft Fumdl 6) _FX

i) 9.

Fumdl 9 idt ( = nd`fd permuffn )

[erjfdtfn Sfdz Hfd` Dbea menofn Hlrbft Hfd` Aends Je è è i iddg fn fn Hlrbft Hfd` 6) A[O  Sfdz hfd` jecd`  Bumfg buft nfdj mfn buft turun mfrd Dnternet menofn cepft. 9) IB[  Juf`dtd tdnood

3) ODH  Sfdz hfd` jecd`  Bumfg buft nfdj mfn buft turun mfrd Dnternet menofn cepft. =) ]DHH

Clntlg Dnput mfn Lutput yfno mdgfsd`jfn 1 f) ( jurfno tepft )

Z cdjou nllr sgfhdnfz idntd sffm R



Juf`dtd tdnood.

 Juf`dtd mfpft

Je e`èb fg fgf n

3.

Juf`dtdd  Juf`dt

jurf jurfno no fpfid`f mdbfbpftjfn.

@eidg tdnood tdnood re reslù slùsd sd mf mfn n mdbens mdbensd, d, `èidg eidg ifnyfj ifnyfj pdjse` mdounfjfn untuj bebientuj dbea. @eidg ifnyfj pdjse` ierbfjnf èidg ifnyfj idt mfn ifdt mdperùjfn untuj benydbpfn bfjùbft tentfno pdjse`-pdjse` mf`b dbea mfn benyeifijfn sfdz dbea iesfr.

 Sfdz yfno

6. Bfjsum Bfjsum Jfmfr Jfmfr Jemf`fbfn Idt df`fg Idt df`fg aub`fg id`fnofn idt ( ; mfn 6 ) yfno mdounfjfn untuj bewfjd`d setdfp sfft bfsf bfdn if`dj (p`fy ifcj tdbe ) fumdl dtu.

iesfr.  ]dmfj ilèg mdbfbpftjfn. Juf`dtd `dtd jurf jurfno no  Juf fpfid`f mdbfbpftjfn.

9. Jfmfr jemf`fbfn idt idt mdujur mf`fb undt idt persfft persfft (ips) 3. Yubus penodrffn jfmfr jemf`fbfn idt 1



Sfdz yfno sfnoft iesfr.

Jfmfr Jemf`fbfn Idt (ips) 2 Jfmfr Sfbpe`(Gz) x Jemf`fbfn Idt(idt) x Sfùrfn

mdjejf`jfn sete`fg mdbfbpftjfn . (mdounfjfn mf`fb dnmustrd percetfjfn mfn peneridtfn)

=. ]ermfpft muf aends aends sfùrfn dfdtu dfdtu 1 f) Fumdl blnl mdjeùfrjfn be`fùd sftu sftu sfùrfn. i) Fumdl Sterel Sterel mdjeùfrjfn be`fùd muf muf sfùrfn.

9



Fumdl yfno tdmfj mdbfbpftjfn.

 Sfdz hfd` fmf`fg iesfr.  Ierjuf`dtd tdbood.

9) B[3

mdbfbpftjfn.  Fumdl yfno te`fg mdbfbpftjfn. jecd`.  Sfdz hfd` fmf`fg jecd`. renmfg.  Juf`dtd èidg renmfg.

3) BDMD

benydbpfn n iunyd iunyd mf`fb  ]dmfj benydbpf ientuj pl`f idt ; mfn 6. Berejlm mfn benofwf` benofwf` nltf  Berejlm

@eidg tdnood tdnood jemf`f jemf`fbfn bfn idt wfrnf sesuftu sesuftu dbea, sebfjdn tdnood pdjse` per idt (ppi) dbea. @eidg ifnyfj idt mfn ifdt mdperùjfn untuj benydbpfn bfjùbft pdjse` mfn benafmdjfn sfdz dbea iesfr.

[erguiunofnfntfrf Sfdz Fumdl menofn Jfmfr Jemf`fbfn Idt (idt meptg)

Cdrd-cdrd

ifod setfdp perf`ftfn buzdj. ierifnmdno no  Sfdz hfd` èidg jecd`, ierifnmd _FX mfn B[3.  Juf`dtd fmf`fg tdnood.

[enujfrfn Sfdz Mftf mfrd Idt je Ifdt, Jd`lifdt, Beofifdt, Odofifdt mfn ]erfifdt ifod Hfd` Fumdl mfn Dbea. Undt 6 i dtdt 6 ifdt 6 jd `l `li f fdd t 6 be beof ofif ifdt dt 6 od odof ofif ifdt dt 6 terf terfif ifdt dt

[enerfnofn Un ndd t mf tf tf p f f`` dn dno je cd cd` 7 idt 6; ;9 9 = id t 6 ;= ;=7 7 5? 5?8 8 if ifdt dt 6 ;? ;?3 3 ?= ?=6 6 79 79= = ifdt ifdt 6 ;4 ;44 4 56689? 56689? ?? ??8 8 if ifdt dt

[enodrffn Sfdz Hfd` ifod Dbea Mdodtf` Clntlg 1

Hltl iereslùsd 3;;mpd ierujurfn ierujurfn 6?dncgd x 63 2dncgd . Jdrfjfn sfdz hfd` hltl terseiut. [enodrffn1 [enodrffn1 @eifr ofbifr 2 6? x 3;; 2 56;; pdjse` [fnafno ofbifr 2 63 x 3;; 2 34;; pdjse` Aub`fg pdjse` 2 @eifr ofbifr x [fnafno ofbifr 2 56;; x 34;; 2 64 74; ;;; pdjse`



Nltf Nltf Ydnojf Ydnojfss Fsfs Fsfs Sfdns Sfdns J Jlbp lbpute uterr

( FSJ) ]6

Dbea sjf`f je`fiu 2 6 pdjse` 2 6 ifdt Dbea ierwfrnf 2 3 ifdt ( 3 wfrnf fsfs idru, berfg,gdafu) Sfdz hfd` dbea sjf`f je`fiu 2 64 74; ;;; pdjse` x 6 ifdt 2 64 74; ;;; ifd ifdtt Sfdz hfd` dbea ierwfrnf 2 64 74; ;;; pdjse` x 3 ifdt 2 54 8?; ;;; ifdt [enodrffn Sfdz Hfd` ifod Fumdl Mdodtf` Sfdz hfd` fumdl 2 Jfmfr sfbpe` x Jemf`fbfn idt x Sfùrfn x Murfsd Fumdl ( Gz) ( ifdt ) ( sfft ) --------------------- ]fbft Ifi 9--------------------IFI 3 1 F@OLYD]BF

[enoenmf`d guiunofn mfn bfjsumnyf [enoenmf`d Guiunofn 2 > ≥

0

≭

Z cdjou nllr sgfhdnfz idntd sffm R

i) Strujtur Jfwf`fn Mwdpd`dgfn Mwdpd`dgfn  Bebd`dg md fntfrf muf set tdnmfjfn untuj md`fjsfnfjfn. Clntlg 1 d ) [esumljlm

Bfjsum

Sfbf menofn @eidg iesfr mfrdpfmf

dd) Cfrtf F`dr

@eidg iesfr ftfuf sfbf menofn @eidg jecd` mfrdpfmf @eidg jecd` ftfu sfbf menofn

[seumljlm mfn Cfrtf F`dr yfno Be`diftjfn Strujtur Jfwf`fn [d`dgfn. dd) Cfrtf F`dr

f) Strujtur Jfwf`fn [d` [d`dgfn dgfn ]unoof` pd`dgfn untuj  gfnyf bebpunyfd sftu pd`dgfn be`fjsfnfjfn be`fjsfnfjf n sftu set tdnmfjfn yfno tertentu. Clntlg 1 d) [seumljlm

Fòlrdtbf df`fg 6. Bfjsum Bfjsum Fòlrdtbf df`fg urutfn tdnmfjfn untuj benyeèsfdjfn benyeèsfdj fn sesuftu bfsf`fg . 9. Fòlrdtbf ilèg mdwfjd`jfn menofn menofn cfrf 1 f) [seumljlm dfdtu [seumljlm dfdtu beberdgf`jfn beberdgf`jfn `fnojfg-`fnojfg fòlrdtbf menofn benoounfjfn fyft-fyft yfno rdnojfs mfn pfmft. i) Cfrtf f`dr dfdtu f`dr dfdtu menofn benoounfjfn sdbil` orfhdj sepertd ofrds ùrus, fnfj pfnfg mfn ientuj oelbetrd. ( Yuauj rfafg md ifwfg ) Sdbil`

c) Strujtur Jfwf`fn [eìfofd [d`dgfn [d`dgfn  Benofnmunod èidg mfrdpfmf muf set tdnmfjfn yfno ier`fdnfn seifofd pd`dgfn untuj md`fjsfnfjfn.

dd) Cfrtf F`dr

Nfbf/Jeounffn

[seumljlm mfn Cfrtf F`dr yfno Be`diftjfn Strujtur Jfwf`fn U`fnofn.

d) [seumljlm f) UN]UJ (HLY) sftu sftu `fnojfg ftfu sftu set  be`fjsfnfjfn

]erbdnf` ( Bu`f/]fbft) Ofrds F`dr ( benoguiunojfn sdbil` ) Dnput/ Lutput (]erdbf mftf/ CetfjK[fpfr) [rlses

`fnojfg iermfsfrjfn jepfmf pebid`fno yfno te`fg mdtetfpjfn. d) [seumljlm

[d`dgfn (Tf/]dmfj) K ( ]rue/Hf`se) [enyfbiuno (benyfbiunojfn cfrtf f`dr yfno terpdsfg)

3



Nltf Nltf Ydnojf Ydnojfss Fsfs Fsfs Sfdns Sfdns J Jlbp lbpute uterr

( FSJ) ]6

dd) Cfrtf F`dr F`dr

Z cdjou nllr sgfhdnfz idntd sffm R

[enoesfnfn Yf`ft yfno ]ermfpft mf`fb [seumljlm mfn Cfrtf F`dr

c) U@FNO-SE@FOD (YE[EF] UN]D@)  Be`fjsfnfjfn sftu set `fnojfg secfrf ieru`fno-u`fno segdnoof syfrft yfno mduad fmf`fg ienfr.

Yf`ft df`fg 6. Bfjsum Bfjsum Yf`ft df`fg jesd`fpfn ftfu jesf`fgfn yfno benyeifijfn benyeifijf n sesuftu fòlrdtbf ftfu ftur cfrf

d) [seumljlm

tdmfj ierhunosdlutput sepertdyfno yfnosf`fg. mdgfrfpjfn ftfu te`fg benoeùfrjfn 9. Sete`fg suftu fòlrdtbf fòlrdtbf mdsdfpjfn, sebfjfn sebfjfn sebu`f ( sebfjfn juf`dtd ) gfrus mdaf`fnjfn. 3. ]ermfpft muf cfrf sebfjfn sebfjfn sebu`f dfdtu1 f) ]ejndj Sebfjfn Beaf ( Beaf ( Mesj Cgecj) 1 sftu tejndj bfnuf` untuj benyebfj `lodj setdfp `fnojfg sertf `lodj f`drfn `fnojfg-`fnojfg fòlrdtbf menofn benoounfjfn sftu sfbpe` dnput mfn bebprlses mftf dtu secfrf bfnuf` benodjut `fnojfg-`fnojfg fòlrdtbf.

dd) Cfrtf F`dr

i) SE@FOD (_GD@E)  Be`fjsfnfjfn sftu set `fnojfg se`fod sftu

@fnojfg ( Step ]grluog) i) ]ejndj @fnojfg Mebd @fnojfg ( Beberdjsf `lodj fòlrdtbf secfrf `fnojfg mebd `fnojfg benodjut urutfn mf`fb fòlrdtbf tfnpf benoounfjfn sfbpe` mftf dnput. --------------------- ]fbft Ifi 3 --------------------IFI = 1 JLM FYFGFN =.6 1 [ebifnounfn Jlm Frfgfn

syfrft yfno mduad fmf`fg ienfr. d) [seumljlm

Jlm Frfgfn df`fg Frfgfn df`fg sftu frfgfn yfno 6. Bfjsum Bfjsum Jlm benofrfgjfn jlbputer be`fjujfn sesuftu tuofs.

dd) Cfrtf F`dr F`dr

[ebilèg uifg df`fg uifg df`fg stlrfn dnoftfn 9. Bfjsum Bfjsum [ebilèg yfno mdounfjfn lèg prlorfb jlbputer untuj benydbpfn mftf yfno perù mdlf`fgjfn jebumdfn. 3. [ebilèg uifg ilèg ilèg benydbpfn mft mftf f mf`fb ientuj 1 f) Nd`fd ierfnojf ierfnojf ( ; -4 ) i) ]ejs ( guruh ftfu ftfu fiafm ) c) Nd`fd Ierfnojf ( Illèfn - ]rue/Hf`se ]rue/Hf`se )

=

bftebftdj df`fg sdbil`-sdbil` yfno =. Lperftlr bftebftdj df`fg mdounfjfn mf`fb benaf`fnjfn lperfsd bftebftdj mf`fb jlm frfgfn. ( Yuauj Afmuf`md ifwfg ). Nfbf lperftlr

Lperftlr mf`fb

Lperfsd yfno md`fjujfn lèg

]fbifg ]l`fj Mfrfi Ifgfod

jlbputer + * /

jlbputer 9+3 5-= 3*5 6; / 9

5. [enoejlmfn yfno yfno be`diftjfn St Strujtur rujtur Jfwf`fn [d`dgfn fmf`fg sepertd ierdjut 1 [enoejlmfn yfno mdounjfn DH DH … E@SE DH E@SE DH ….. E@SE

Aends [d`dgfn [d`dgfn ]unoof` Mwdpd`dgfn [eìfofd [d`dgfn

8. I`lj-i`lj yfno mdounfjfn mdounfjfn mf`fb f fturcfrf turcfrf Scrftg9.; yfno be`diftjfn Strujtur Jfwf`fn U`fnofn fmf`fg sepertd ierdjut 1 hlrever ( ieru`fno tfnpf gentd ) f) hlrever (

i) repeft ( repeft ( ieru`fno benodjut id`fnofn è`f`rfn yfno mdtentujfn )

c) repeft untd` ( untd` ( ieru`fno segdnoof syfrft mdpenugd )

Nltf Nltf Ydnojf Ydnojfss Fsfs Fsfs Sfdns Sfdns J Jlbp lbpute uterr

( FSJ) ]6

cfrf be`diftjfn `dbf hfsf ?. [ ebifnounfn ftur cfrf be`diftjfn utfbf dfdtu 1 f) Hfsf 6 1 Fnf`dsds Fnf`dsds bfsf`fg bfsf`fg benoetfgud jegenmfj  [enoftur cfrf perù benoetfgud pe`fnoofn untuj benentujfn dnput, prlses mfn lutput yfno mddnodnd. i) Hfsf 9 1 Yej Yejf f ientuj ftur ftur cfrf pseumljlm,  [enoftur cfrf bu`f benu`ds pseumljlm, be`fjfr cfrtf f`dr mfn berejf ientuj Fntfrf Bujf [enoounf Orfhdj / Orfpgdcf` User Dnterhfce (OUD ). c) Hfsf 3 1 [enoej [enoejlmfn lmfn mdtujfrjfn jepfmf jlm yfno  [seumljlm fjfn mdtujfrjfn mdhfgfbd lèg jlbputer menofn benoounfjfn ifgfsf penofturcfrffn sepertd Xdsuf` Ifsdc, AFXF ftfu [gytln. m) Hfsf = 1 [enouadfn [enouadfn mfn [enyfgpepdaftfn  Ftur cfrf yfno mdtu`ds fjfn mduad untuj

benoesfn mfn bebietu`jfn seifrfno rf`ft yfno termfpft pfmf ftur cfrf.

e) Hfsf 5 1 Mljubentf Mljubentfsd sd pebifnounfn  Benofnmunod `fplrfn prlses pebifnounfn perdnojft fwf` gdnoof fjgdr prlses. Mljubentfsd mf`fbfn ( untuj jeounffn  Mljubentfsd pe`fnoofn) Mljubentfsd ùfrfn ( untuj penoounf fjgdr  Mljubentfsd yfno benoounfjfn ftur cfrf).

=.9 Jlm Frfgfn G]B@

Z cdjou nllr sgfhdnfz idntd sffm R

Ifnner df`fg sepfnmuj wei yfno mdètfjjfn mf`fb 6. Ifnner df`fg `fbfn sesfwfno mfn ilèg mdounfjfn seifofd tfauj jepfmf `fbfn wei.

G]B@@ (Gypertext Bfrjup @fnoufnoe) mdounfjfn 6. G]B untuj bebidnf `fbfn seswfno). 9. Jlm frfgfn G]B@ ilèg mdtfdp menofn

benoounfjfn fp`djfsdftfu fp`djfsd Nltepfm Nltepfm mfn mfn mdsdbpfn mf`fb hlrbft ‐.gtb`‒ ‒.gtb‒.

5. ]fo ifod benu benu df`fg df`fg 1 f) 0nfv>0/nfv> 0nfv>0/nfv> Bentfjrdh pfutfn penoebumdfn i) 0u`>0/u`> Bentfjrdh senfrfd tfj tertdi c) 0`d> Bentfjrdh senfrfd dteb 8. ]fo untuj untuj [u``-mlwn benu df`fg benu df`fg 1 f) 0seèct>0/seèct> Untuj benogfsd`jfn pu``-mlwn benu i) 0lptdln> 0lptdln> Benunaujjfn aends pd`dgfn yfno fmf

3. ]fo mf`fb G]B@ 1 f) 0gtb`> 0gtb`>0/gtb` 0/gtb`> > ]fo dnd bebfjùbjfn jepfmf pe`fyfr wei ifgfwf mljuben dnd fmf`fg hfd` gtb`. i) 0gefm>0 0gefm>0/gefm> /gefm> ]fo dnd fmf`fg ifgfodfn jepf`f fturcfrf gtb`. c) 0tdtè>0/tdtè> ]fo dnd untuj bebfpfrjfn tfauj mljuben gtb`. m) 0ilmy>0/ 0ilmy>0/ilmy> ilmy> ]fo dnd fmf`fg ifgfodfn jfnmunofn hfd` gtb`,

9. Hrfbe df`fg Hrfbe df`fg idnojfd yfno bebifgfodjfn sjrdn pfpfrfn `fbfn sesfwfno jepfmf ifgfodfn-ifgfodfn tertentu sepertd 1 f) Ifod hrfbe Ifod hrfbe be`dntfno 1 be`dntfno 1

dfdtu jfnmunofn mljuben sepertd tejs, dbea,pfutfn mfn seifofdnyf. e) ]fo pfrforfpg gefmdno 0g6> 0g6> untuj untuj bebfpfrjfn sfdz tejs teriesfr. 0g8> 0g8> untuj untuj bebfpfrjfn sfdz tejs terjecd`.

[erftusfn sfdz idnojfd

Idnojfd be`dntfno mdifgfodjfn

?. ]fo untuj bebfsujjfn untuj bebfsujjfn pfutfn tejs mfn dbea mf`fb gtb` df`fg 0f>0/f> df`fg 0f>0/f> dbea mf`fb gtb` df`fg 1 7. ]fo untuj untuj bebfsujjfn dbea mf`fb Nfbf hfd` dbea

Hltl 6 mdpfpfrjfn

adjf dbea tdmfj mfpft mdpfpfrjfn. 0dbo src2‒hltl6.odh‒ f`t2‒Hltl 6‒ styè2‒wdmtg13;;px:gedogt193;px:‒> Sfdz dbea

0hrfbeset rlws2‒=;%,8;%‒>

Ifnner , Hrfbe mfn Benu mf`fb G]B@

hrfbe beneofj 1 beneofj 1 i) Ifod Ifod hrfbe Idnojfd beneofj mdifgfodjfn

Jetdof-tdof idnojfd bebpunyfd sfdz èifr yfno sfbf

0hrfbeset cl`s2‒*,*,*‒> 7. f) ]ermfpf ]ermf pftt sdntfjs 3ntfjs aends rf`ft dfdtu rf`ft dfdtu 1 ) Yf`ft sd ( Syntfx ) errlr fpfid`f id`f penofturcfrf penofturcfrf benu`ds benu`ds  Clntlg 1 fpf f`fbft ebe` seifofd ‐mltclb‒ iujfn ‐.clb‒ i) Yf`ft `lodj ( @lodcf` errlr  ) ) frfgfn tdmfj tdmfj md mdtu`ds tu`ds men menofn ofn iet ietu` u`  Jlm frfgfn c) Yf`ft bfsf bfsf `frdfn ( Yuntdbe errlr  ) )  Mdseifijfn lèg prlorfb yfno mdounfjfn. dnoftfn yfno  Clntlg 1 Xdrus,pepdaft ftfu dnoftfn tdmfj bencujupd.

3. Benu df`fg Benu df`fg pfutfn pfntfs je ifgfodfn-ifgfodfn tertentu mf`fb `fbfn sesfwfno. =. ]ermfpft ieierfpf ieierfpf aends benu gtb`, dfdtu 1 f) Benu senfrfd pfutfn pfutfn stftdj stftdj i) Benu aends afmuf` ifwfg c) Benu peìfofd peìfofd tdnojft m) Benu terfpuno terfpuno

4. ]fo untuj untuj rufno jlben mf`fbgtb` jlben mf`fbgtb` df`fg 1 f) 0hlrb> Bebienfrjfn rufno jlben mdsemfdfjfn pfmf pe`fyfr wei. i) 0textfref> 0textfref> Mdounfjfn untuj benodsd tejs pfnafno. c) 0dnput> 0dnput> Bebilègjfn penoounf benogfntfr dnput yfno mdbfsujjfn. Nltf [entdno 1 mdtu`ds mf`fb mf`fb jurunofn jurunofn 0  ]fo gtb` mdtu`ds pfsfnofn.  ]fo gtb` wuaum mf`fb pfsfnofn. fwf` 0 > m mfn fn tfo fjgd fjgdrr 0 />.  ]fo fwf`

>.

--------------------- ]fbft Ifi =---------------------

‐ ]ge gfrmer ylu wlrj hlr slbetgdno, tge orefter ylu—`` hee` wgen ylu fcgdeve dt. ‒

5

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