Normograma

 

\miinr nvmiumt`vd 8 adrfdkrmcæm

Ms`kamturm?

Ink`simh`øa na snkur`lml y smiul na ni trmjmod

Urnsnatmld m?

Hr`st`ma hmf`id Dsdr`d

Urnsnatmld pdr?

Gmrna Pui`nt Hmstrd Idm`zm @L? ;:/:5:5

 

@atrdluhh`øa

ni s`ku`natn trmjmod ads bmjim sdjrn im adrfdkrmfm jís`hm lni s`stnfm knanrmi ln Z`nskds Imjdrmins, ni humi ads myulm pr`ah`pmifn pr`ah`pmifnatn atn m `lnat`c`hmr ims l`rnhtr`hns cualmfnatmins qun rnkuima y cdrtminhna im hdfpntnah`m ln knst`øa y hdadh`f`natd. \mfj`àa myulmald m prnvna`r y hdatrdimr ids r`nskds y mhh`lnatns, tna`nald na hunatm ni j`nanstmr ln ids trmjmomldrns, s`ku`nald ids lnhrntds, inyns y rnsdiuh`dans jís`hds.

 

Djont`vds

\`nan hdfd djont`vd pr`ah`pmi nstmjinhnr ims mht`v`lmlns ln prdfdh`øa y prnvnah`ø prnvnah`øa a tnal`natns m fnodrmr ims hdal`h`dans ln trmjmod y smiul ln im pdjimh`øa trmjmom trmjmomldrm, ldrm, prdtnk`àaldim hdatrm ids r`nskds lnr`vmlds ln im drkma`zm drkma`zmh`øa h`øa lni trmjmod qun punlma mcnhtmr im smiul `al`v`lumi d hdinht`vm na ids iukmrns ln trmjmod tmins 

Cæs`hds



]uæf`hds



J`diøk`hds



Nrkdaøf`hds



Us`hdsdh`mins

 

ADZ FM

\@UD LN ADZFM

CNHBM LN NRUNL@H@ØA

 

ZNXNÝM

DJI@KMH@DANX LNI NFUINMLDZ

 

DJI@KMH@DANX LNI NFUINMLD

 

Znsdiuh`øa

Fmr mrzzd : 2/ 2/:5=;

====/ :5=;

Udr ni humi sn lnc`ana ids



Msnsdrmr, hmpmh`tmr y hdimjdrmr hda ni l`snýd n `fpinfnatmh`øa lni XK‘XX\.



Snr`chmr, hdastmtmr y tnanr ldhufnatmld ni hufpi`f`natd ln ids Nstíalmrns Fæa`fds nstmjinh`ldss na im prnsnatn nstmjinh`ld rnsdiuh`øa



Urdpdrh`damr m ids trmjmomldrns fnhma`sfd fnhma`sfdss



Ms`sr dji`kmtdr`mfnatn dji`kmtdr`mfnatn m ims hmpmh`tmh`dans

pmrm im `lnachmh`øa ln prdluhtds quæf`hds Hmpmh`tmr hdastmatnfnatn m ids trmjmomldrns na ni fmanod ln prdluhtds quæf`hds Nstmjinhnr fnhma`sfds pmrm nv`tmr ni mhdsd imjdrmi Nstmjinhnr dji`kmtdr` dji`kmtdr`mfnatn mfnatn ua hdf`tà ln hdav`vnah`m



Hufpi`r hda ids fnhma`sfds ln `lnachmh`øa `lnachmh`ø a ln prdluhtds quæf`hds lurmatn rnnavmsn Adchmr ims mhh`dans y m ims pnrsdams qun knanrna pnrsnhuh`øa d mhdsd sdjrn sus hdfpmýnrds ln trmjmod

Hda nstn ca sn bmhna rndrfms na ids mspnhtds ln l`rnhh`øa, ua`vnrsmi`zmh`øa, ua`vnrsmi`zmh`øa, camah`mh`øa, nqu`i`jr`d natrn ids mhtdrns lni s`stnfm, rmh`dami`zmh`øa, rmh`dami`zmh` øa, y fnodrmf`natd na im prnstmh`øa ln snrv`h`ds ln smiul, drtminh`f`natd na ids



nstíalmrns fæa`fds lni s`stnfm ln knst`øa ln snkur`lml y smiul na ni trmjmod, pmrm nfpinmldrns y hdatrmtmatns

>>

iny

=008

Xnkur`lml na im ui`zmh`øa ln prdluhtds quæf`hds na ni trmjmod



=5=5

iny

:553

Mhdsd imjdrmi

 

 

==::

Iny

:55;

Fdl`chmh`øa lni s`stnfm knanrmi ln snkur`lml sdh`mi na smiul





 Umrh`pmr na ims l`nrnatns mhv`lmlns hda rnimh`øa m im `fpinfnatmh`øa lni XK‘ XX\ y na ni hufpi`f`natd ln ids Nstíalmrns Fæa`fds ln Xnkur`lml y Xmiul na ni \rmjmod.



Lnca`r y fdl`chmr ids Uimans Dji`kmtdr`ds ln Xmiul (UDX) qun ims Nalmlns Urdfdtdrms ln Xmiul (NUX) kmrmazmría m ids mci`mlds snkÿa ims adrfms ln ids Znkæfnans Hdatr`juvd

 

prdkrmfms ln smiul pÿji`hm y ln ims uah`dans ln, `aspnhh`øa, v`k`imah`m y hdatrdi



y im drkma`zmh`øa y uah`damf`natd ln rnlns pmrm im prnstmh`øa ln snrv`h`ds ln smiul iny

== oui`d :5=:

=>3:

Xn fdl`chm ni s`stnfm ln r`nskds imjdrmins y sn l`htma ims dtrms l`spds`h`dans l`spds`h`d ans na fmtnr`m ln smiul dhupmh`dami









>2<

Lnh`s`øa

Fmyd =8-:5=<

Xustuh`øa ln im lnh`s`øa >3: lni :5=: Urdhurmr ni hu`lmld `atnkrmi ln su smiul Hufpi`r adrfms rnkimfnatds, `astruhh`dans lni XK-XX\ Xuf`a`strmr `adrfmh`øa, himrm vnrms y hdfpintm sdjrn su nstmld ln smiul @adrfmr dpdrtuamfnatn sdjrn ids r`nskds y pni`krds ln su iukmr ln trmjmod Urnsnatmr m ids uah`damr`ds, `adrfns, rnk`strds, mhtms, y ldhufnatds

Nink`r i`jrnfnatn sus rnprnsnatmatns mi hdf`tà ln fnl`h`am , b`k`nan y snkur`lml `alustr`mi y hda ids rnkimfnatds n `astruhh`dans ln snrv`h`ds drlnamlds pdr ni nfpinmldr

 

58=:

Znsd nsdiuh uh`ø `øa a

Fmrzd mrzd læms hminalmr`ds s`ku`natns im dhurrnah`m ln im funrtn, sn bmrí uam `avnskmh`øa nahmf`amlm m lntnrf`amr ims hmusms lni nvnatd y rnf`rid m im mlf`a`strmldrm hdrrnspdal`natn, na ids drfmtds qun pmrm tmi ca nstm lntnrf`an, ids humins lnjnría snr mprdjmlds pdr im l`rnhh`øa tàha`hm ln r`nskds







`fpmrlms pdr sus supnr`drns Ms`sr m ids hursds ln hmpmh`tmh`øa sdjrn b`k`nan, snkur`lml `alustr`mi y smivmfnatd f`anrd qun im nfprnsm u dtrms nalmlns lnj`lmfnatn mutdr`zmlms `fpmrtma Umrh`pmr na im prnvnah`øa ln ids r`nskds prdns`damins m trmvàs ln ids hdf`tàs pmr`tmr`ds ln smiul dhupmh`dami, d hdfd v`kæms dhupmh`damin dhupmh`daminss  Ids pnas`damlds pdr `avmi`lnz pdr r`nskds prdns`damins,, lnjnría prdns`damins fmatnanr mhtumi`zmlm im `adrfmh`øa sdjrn su ldf`h`i`d, tniàdad y lnfís lmtds qun s`rvma ims v`s`tms ln rnhdadh`f`natd Hdimjdrmr y vnimr pdr ni hufpi`f`natd ln ims dji`kmh`danss hdatrmælms dji`kmh`dan

 

=;;:

Lnhrntd

=00<

 

Mci`mh`øa y hdzmh`øa ln XKZU





=:;<

:505

Lnhrntd

lnhrntd

=00;

:558



Urdtnhh`øa hdatrm r`nskds ln `atdx`hmh`øa pdr jnahnad

Mhv`lml ln mitd r`nskd

 



prdns`damins lni f`a`stnr`d ln trmjmod y snkur`lml sdh`mi Ni nfpinmldr nstmrí dji`kmld m mci`mr m sus trmjmomldrns mi s`stnfm knanrmi ln r`nskds imjdrmins lnsln ni fdfnatd na qun sn amhn ni væahuid imjdrmi natrn niids Lnjnrí trmasf`r l`hbm `adrfmh`øa, pdr nshr`td, m im nalml d nalmlns prdfdtdrms ln smiul m im qun nstàa mci`mlds sus trmjmomldrns ims l`spds`h`dans lni pírrmd = lni mrhuid :d. ln nstn Hdavna`d, na ims hdal`h`dans y lnatrd ln ids iæf`tns ln nfpd qun sn lntnrf`ana, prnv`m hdasuitm hda ims drkma`zmh`dans fís rnprnsnatmvms ln nfpinmldrns y ln trmjmomldrns `atnrnsmlds, ldaln tmins drkma`zmh`dans drkma`zmh`dans nx`stma Nstmjinhn hdzmh`dans nspnh`mins pmrm ims pnrsdams qun rnmi`zma mhv`lmlns ln mitd r`nskd

 







pdr ids nfpinmldrns na nstn Lnhrntd Umrh`pmr lni HDUMXX\ Dji`kmh`øa ln `adrfmh`øa ln ids pnas`damlds Hufpi`r hda ims tmrnms fmalmlms pdr ni nfpinmldr Hnrh`drmr qun ni nfpinmldr id bmym `ahiu`ld na im hdzmh`øa lni s`stnfm knanrmi ln r`nskds imjdrmins M ids prdluhtds huyd hdatna`ld na jnahnad nxhnlm lni = pdr h`natd pdr ua`lml ln vdiufna7 nstds prdluhtds sn lns`kamría na mlnimatn pdr im nxprns`øa "prdluhtds qun hdatnakma jnahnad"





Nstmjinhn hdzmh`dans nspnh`mins pmrm ims pnrsdams qun rnmi`zma mhv`lmlns ln mitd r`nskd Xuf`a`strm `adrfmh`øa

 

himrm y vnrms y hdfpintm sdjrn su nstmld ln smiul 

=5=3

=

Lnhrntd

:5=>

Znkimfnatm im mci`mh`øa ln nstul`matns mi XKZI y dtrms



l`spds`h`dans 



=35;

Znsdiuh`øa

:55:

Xn fdl`chm pdr tmjim ln fdl`chmh`øa ln mhv`lmlns fdl`chmh`øa nhdaøf`hms pmrm ni s`stnfm knanrmi ln r`nskds prdns`damins

 

Hdf`tà Umr`tmr`d ln Xnkur`lml y Xmiul na ni \rmjmod Mldptmr ids fnhma`sfds fnhma`sfds

mhv`lmlns ln Urnvnah`øa y Urdfdh`øa.

anhnsmr`ds pmrm rnmi`zmr ni pmkd mah`pmld ln im hdzmh`øa, humald ni pmkd lni mpdrtn nstà m su hmrkd



@ahiu`r mi nstul`matn na ni X`stnfm ln Knsøa ln



Xnkur`lml y Xmiul na ni \rmjmod.  @adrfmr ids mhh`lnatns y ims nanrfnlmlns dhurr`lds hda dhms`øa ln im príhhm d mhv`lmlns. Hmpmh`tmr mi nstul`matn sdjrn ims mhv`lmlns qun vm m lnsmrrdiimr, y nxpi`hmrin ids r`nskds m ids qun vm m nstmr



nxpunstd lmald fnl`lms ln prnvnah`øa y hdatrdi pmrm f`kmrids @lnachmr ims himsns ln r`nskds pmrm sus nfpinmlds Junam hdfua`hmh`øa pmrm prdfdh`øa prdfdh`ø a y prnvnah`ø prnvnah`øa a ln r`nskds imjdrmins



 

Hufpi`r ims adrfms, rnkimfnatds n `astruhh`dans lni XK-XX\  @adrfmr dpdrtuamfnatn m ids hdatrmtmatns tdlm advnlml lnr`vmlm lni hdatrmtd. Urdhurmr ni hu`lmld `atnkrmi ln su smiul.  Lmr hufpi`f`natd m ims rnhdfnalmh`dans na fmtnr`m ln prnvnah`ø prnvnah`øa. a. ^i`zmr ids ninfnatds ln prdtnhh`øa pnrsdami @adrfmr im dhurrnah`m ln `ah`lnatns, mhh`lnatns d ln nanrfnlmlns hmusmlms pdr im príhhm d mhv`lml

 



Urdhurmr ni hu`lmld `atnkrmi ln su smiul Hufpi`r adrfms rnkimfnatds, `astruhh`dans lni XK-XX\ Xuf`a`strmr

 

`adrfmh`øa, himrm vnrms y hdfpintm sdjrn su nstmld ln smiul 

=5;:

Lnhrntd

:5=>

Lnhrntd ÿa`hd rnkimfnatmr`d lni snhtdr trmjmod



    

:=

Fdl`chmld pdr ni mrt. >>, Iny 03: ln :55>. Ids nfpinmldrns qun tnakma m su snrv`h`d l`nz (=5) d fís trmjmomldrns pnrfmanatns lnjna nimjdrmr ua rnkimfnatd nspnh`mi ln b`k`nan y snkur`lml, m fís tmrlmr lnatrd ln ids trns (8) fnsns s`ku`natns m im `a`h`mh`øa ln imjdrns, s` sn trmtm ln ua aunvd nstmjinh`f`natd. nstmjinh`f` natd. Ni F`a`stnr`d ln im Urdtnhh`øa Xdh`mi v`k`imrí ni hufpi`f`natd ln nstm l`spds`h`øa



:83

Znsdiuh`øa

:552

 



pmrm `fpinfnatmr ims fnl`lms hdrrnhvms qun rnsuitna ln im `avnskmh`øa, `avnskmh`ø a, Znf`r, m im rnspnhvm mlf`a`strmldrm ln r`nskds prdns`damins, ids `adrfns ln `avnskmh`øa ln ids mhh`lnatns ln trmjmod Urdtnknr, vnimr pdr ni hufpi`f`natd hufpi`f`n atd ln im

 



=0=2

Znsdiuh`øa

:550

prdb`j`h`øa m ufmr, hda ni ca ln prdtnknr m ims pnrsdams ln im nxpds`h`øa ln bufd ln



Hufpi`r adrfms rnkimfnatds, `astruhh`dans lni XK-XX\

tmjmhd mfj`natmi Hdfua`hmr, comr na ua iukmr v`s`jin mi pÿji`hd ua mv`sd



Xuf`a`strmr `adrfmh`øa, himrm vnrms y hdfpintm sdjrn su nstmld ln smiul



Xuf`a`strm `adrfmh`øa himrm y vnrms y hdfpintm sdjrn su nstmld ln smiul

Im humi sn rnkuim im príhhm ln nvmiumh`dans fnl`hms dhupmh`damins, fmanod y hdatna`ld ln ims b`stdr`ms hiæa`hms

Ni nfpinmldr pdlrí hdatrmtmr im rnmi`zmh`øa ln ims nvmiumh`dan nvmiumh`danss fàl`hms dhupmh`damins hda prnstmldrns ln snrv`h`ds ln smiul

dhupmh`damins

dhupmh`dami, ids humins lnjna hdatmr hda fàl`hds nspnh`mi`stms

 

:3:

Znsdiuh`øa

:5=:

Cuah`damf`natd lni Hdf`tà ln hdav`vnah`m hdav`vnah` m imjdrmi na nalmlns pÿji`hms y nfprnsms pr`vmlms



  

Ni nfpinmldr lnjn hdatmr hda tdlm im `adrfmh`øa ps`hdsdh`mi ps`hdsdh` mi ln ids trmjmomldrns pmrm vnimr pdr ni r`nskd Us`hdsdh`mi lni f`sfd Lnsmrrdiimr fnl`lms prnvnavms y hdrrnhvms ln mhdsd imjdrmi Urdfdvnrr uam junam Urdfdvn hdav`vnah`m hdav`vnah` m imjdrmi ^i`zmr rnhursds Znspmilmr im l`ka`lml n `atnkr`lml ln ids trmjmomldrns



   

Urdhurmr ni hu`lmld `atnkrmi ln su smiul Hufpi`r adrfms, rnkimfnatds n `astruhh`dans sdjrn ni prdkrmfm ln XK-XX\ Ids trmjmomldrns lnjna suf`a`strmr tdlm im `adrfmh`øa sdi`h`tmlm pdr ni nfpinmldr @adrfmr s`tumh`dans ln r`nskd Xnku`f`natd mi pima ln fnodrm Nink`r sus rnspnhvds rnprnsnatmatns Cdfnatmr junams rnimh`dans natrn ids

 

trmjmomldrns 8832

Znsdiuh`øa

:5=<

Udr im humi sn fdl`chm pmrh`mifnatn im rnsdiuh`øa =

Xn fdl`chm ni lnhrntd =5;: lni :5=>



0

Iny

=0;0

Fnl`lms sma`tmr`ms



lnjna f`kmr ids r`nskds, prnvna`r ims pds`jins mnhh`dans ln im smiul ln sus trmjmomldrns y prdvnnrins hdal`h`dans snkurms ln trmjmod \dlds ids nfpinmldrns, hdatrmstms y trmjmomldrns, qunlmrma suontds m ims l`spds`h`dans lni prnsnatn tuid y sus rnkimfnatmh`dans rnkimfnatmh`dans Ids hdatrmstms qun nfpinna trmjmomldrns, mlqu`nrna ni hmríhtnr ln nfpinmldrns pmrm ids nnhtds ln nstn tuid y sus rnkimfnatmh`dans





lns`kamld pdr ni nfpinmldr hmpmz ln `lnat`c`hmr pni`krds na ni s`t`d na ldaln sn rnmi`zm trmjmod na miturms, qun t`nan su mutdr`zmh`øa pmrm mpi`hmr fnl`lms hdrrnht`vms `afnl`mtms pmrm hdatrdimr ids r`nskds msdh`mlds m l`hbds pni`krds.



Hufpi`r ims l`spds`h`dans ln im prnsnatn iny, y sus rnkimfnatmh`dans, rnkimfnatmh` dans, msæ hdfd, ims adrfms lni rnkimfnatd ln fnl`h`am, b`k`nan y snkur`lml ni humi sn nstmjinzhm ^smr y fmatnanr mlnhumlmfnatn ids l`spds`vds ln hdatrdi



 

=:0>

Lnhrntd iny

=00<

Drkma`zmh`øa y mlf`a`strmh`øa lni s`stnfm knanrmi ln r`nskds prdns`damins









Umkd na su tdtmi`lml ln im hdzmh`øa ln ids trmjmomldrns m su snrv`h`d Xuspnalnr ims mhv`lmlns ln mitd r`nskd qun ad kmrmahna im snkur`lml lni pnrsdami Xupnrv`smr ims mhv`lmlns ln mitd r`nskd rnmi`zmlms pdr hdatrmstms qun nonhutna mhv`lmlns pmrm su írnm @adrfmr mi rnspdasmjin ln snkur`lml y smiul na ni trmjmod sdjrn im nx`stnah`m ln hdal`h`dans `asnkurms d pni`krds qun ad bmyma s`ld `lnachmlds na ni lnsmrrdiid ln ims mhv`lmlns



 







=8>3

Znsdiuh`øa

:5=:

Fdl`chmh`øa ln im rnsdiuh`øa 3>: lni :5=:

 

Kmrmazmr nspmh`d s`hd pmrm rnua`dans Znspdasmj`i`lml Znspdasmj`i `lml ln im MZU

 

ln r`nskds y nqu`pds ln prdtnhh`øa pnrsdami Umrh`pmr mhvmfnatn na ims ninhh`dans lni hdf`tà pmr`tmr`d ln snkur`lml y smiul na ni trmjmod HDUMXX\ y na im ninhh`øa lni hdf`tà ln hdav`vnah`m Urdhurmr ni hu`lmld `atnkrmi ln su smiul Hufpi`r adrfms rnkimfnatds, `astruhh`dans lni XK-XX\ Xuf`a`strmr `adrfmh`øa, himrm vnrms y hdfpintm sdjrn su nstmld ln smiul @adrfmr dpdrtuamfnatn sdjrn ids r`nskds y pni`krds ln su iukmr ln trmjmod @lnachmr y nvmiumr ids pni`krds lni iukmr ldaln rnmi`zmrma ims mhv`lmlns ln mitd r`nskd y mpi`hmr ims fnl`lms hdrrnhvms anhnsmr`ms Nstmjinhnr hdfprdf`sds natrn ims pmrtns Znh`j`r y lmr tríf`tn m

 



>5

Iny

=005

Udr im humi sn `atrdluhna rndrfms mi høl`kd sustmavd lni trmjmod

  

8:5

iny

=003

Hdavna`d =;< ln im D@\ sdjrn im prnvnah`øa ln mhh`lnatns `alustr`mins fmydrns



Znmi`zmr mhv`lmlns ln hmpmh`tmh`øa pmrm ids f`nfjrds lni hdf`tà



Hdatrmtds ln trmjmod Znkimfnatd `atnrad lni trmjmod Znkimfnatd ln b`k`nan y snkur`lml `alustr`mi



Nstmjinhnr fnl`lms ln prdfdh`øa prdfdh`ø a y prnvnah`ø prnvnah`øa a na snkur`lml y smiul na ni trmjmod



J`ji`dkrmcæm

bps?//www.f` bps?//www.f`asmiul.kdv.hd asmiul.kdv.hd/Adrfmv` /Adrfmv`lmlTAunvd/Z lmlTAunvd/ZNXDI^H@%H8%08A NXDI^H@%H8%08A%:5=0=2%:5LN%:5:5 %:5=0=2%:5LN%:5:550.pl  50.pl  bps?//www.mrisurm.hdf/`aln bps?//www.mri surm.hdf/`alnx.pbp/lnhrntds-i x.pbp/lnhrntds-inyns-rnsdi nyns-rnsdiuh`dans-h`rhui uh`dans-h`rhuimrns-y-our`sprulnah` mrns-y-our`sprulnah`m m bps?//www.f`atrmjmod.kdv.hd bps?//www.f` atrmjmod.kdv.hd/mtnah`da-mi-h` /mtnah`da-mi-h`ulmlmad/trmaspmrnah ulmlmad/trmaspmrnah`m/rnsdiuh` `m/rnsdiuh`dans dans bps?//www.f`atrmjmod.kdv.hd bps?//www.f` atrmjmod.kdv.hd/adrfmv`lml/ /adrfmv`lml/inyns-y-lnh inyns-y-lnhrntds-iny/i rntds-iny/inyns-mprdjmtd nyns-mprdjmtdr`ms-ln-hdavna` r`ms-ln-hdavna`ds-d`t ds-d`t

 

ims qunoms prnsnatmlms hda sus prunjms Cdfnatmr junams rnimh`dans natrn trmjmomldrns @adrfmr sdjrn ims hdal`h`dans ln smiul Hdadhnr ni rnkimfnatd ln b`k`nan C`rfmr ims natrnkms ln ldtmh`dans Urdhurmr pdr ni mutdhu`lmld y rnpdrtn ln hdal`h`dans `asnkurms