Normativa Específica de Hospitales de Segundo Nivel

 

KEMKJD KE]RCMTJJKCE............................................................................................................................7 OGRJC JCEJD\]TGI..................................................................................................................7 JIGZKAKJGJKCE.............................................................................................................................2 GOBTIG]CRKC. -......................................................................................................................2 JDE]RC MD DZ\DJKGIKMGMDZ...................................................................................................2 JDE]RC JIÏEKJC-WTKRÞR@KJC GOBTIG]CRKC (HCZ\K]GI MDI MÏG)......................................2 HCZ\K]GIGRKC..........................................................................................................................: DZ]RTJ]TRG CR@GEKJG..........................................................................................................= MD\GR]GODE]C GMOKEKZ]RG]KQC.........................................................................................1 WTKRÚAGEC.................................................................................................................................; MDAKEKJKÚE MD WTKRÚAGEC....................................................................................................; DI JCEJD\]C MD WTKRÚAGEC.................................................................................................; ATEJKCEDZ MD TE WTKRÚAGEC............................................................................................7< JGRGJ]ËRKZ]KJGZ MDI WTKRÚAGEC.......................................................................................77 ÇRDGZ MDI WTKRÚAGEC.........................................................................................................72 ^CEGZ MDI WTKRÚAGEC........................................................................................................72 ECROGZ GRWTK]DJ]ÚEKJGZ MD TE WTKRÚAGEC.................................................................74 2) ^CEG IC@ÏZ]KJG................................................................................................................78 :) ^CEG MD \RD\GRGJKÚE \RDWTKRÞR@KJG.........................................................................27 =) ^CEG WTKRÞR@KJG............................................................................................................22 4) ^CEG \CZ]WTKRÞR@KJG....................................................................................................2: 1) ^CEG MD \DRZCEGI MD GEDZ]DZKG, JKRT@ÏG [ DEADRODRÏG...........................................2= ECROGZ GRWTK]DJ]TRG> ÇRDGZ MDI WTKRÚAGEC..............................................................21 GZ\DJ]C ATEJKCEGI.............................................................................................................21 ^CEG BIGEJG........................................................................................................................20 ZGIG MD C\DRGJKCEDZ,.........................................................................................................28 JRK]DRKCZ MD MKZD×C \GRG DZ\GJKCZ..................................................................................:< ZGIG MD ]RGEZADRDEJKG [ RDJT\DRGJKÚE..........................................................................:1 ZGIG MD OËMKJCZ..................................................................................................................:; GZ\DJ]C DZ\GJKGI>................................................................................................................=< GZ\DJ]C ]DJECIC@KJC>.......................................................................................................=2 ^CEG BIGEJG........................................................................................................................=1 \DMKG]RÏG [ EDCEG]CIC@ÏG....................................................................................................=0

 

MDAKEKJKCE. -.........................................................................................................................=0 DZWTDOG ATEJKCEGI GRDG MD KE]DREGJKCE \DMKÇ]RKJG.................................................=0 JTGMRC ATEJKCEGI MD IG DZ]RTJ]TRG MDI ZDRQKJKC MD \DMKG]RÏG................................=0 @KEDJCIC@ÏG [ CBZ]D]RKJKG....................................................................................................=; MDAKEKJKÚE. -.........................................................................................................................=; ATEJKCEDZ MDI ZDRQKJKC MD @KEDJCIC@ÏG CBZ]D]RKJKG....................................................=; G. JGR]DRG MD ZDRQKJKCZ DE @KEDJCIC@ÏG.........................................................................=; B. JGR]DRG MD ZDRQKJKCZ DE @KEDJCIC@ÏG.........................................................................4< JTGMRCZ ATEJKCEGIDZ MD IG KEARGDZ]RTJ]TRG MDI ZDRQKJKC MD @KEDJCIC@ÏG [ CBZ]D]RKJKG..........................................................................................................................47 MKG@RGOG MD JKRJTIGJKÚE.................................................................................................42 ZDRQKJKC CMCE]CIC@KJC>.......................................................................................................4: MDAKEKJKÚE>...........................................................................................................................4: ATEJKCEDZ @DEDRGIDZ MDI ZDRQKJKC..................................................................................4: DZ\DJKGIKMGMDZ CMCE]CIC@KJGZ>.....................................................................................4= DWTK\GOKDE]C MDI ZDRQKJKC MD CMCE]CIC@ÏG................................................................44 ECROG]KQGZ>........................................................................................................................41 ODMKJKEG KE]DREG...................................................................................................................48 JGRG]DRK^GJKÚE MDI ZDRQKJKC MD ODMKJKEG KE]DREG>......................................................4; ATEJKCEDZ @DEDRGIDZ MDI ZDRQKJKC MD ODMKJKEG KE]DREG.............................................4; JGR]DRG MD ZDRQKJKCZ MD ODMKJKEG KE]DREG....................................................................1< RDIGJKÚE ATEJKCEGI MD IG KEARGDZ]RTJ]TRG JDE]RC MD ZGITM JCE KE]DREGJKCE...1< DZWTDOG ATEJKCEGI GRDG MD HCZ\K]GIK^GJKÚE ODMKJKEG KE]DREG..............................17 DZ]GJKÚE MD DEADRODRÏG........................................................................................................12 MDAKEKJKÚE>...........................................................................................................................12 ATEJKCEDZ............................................................................................................................1= ECROG]KQGZ>........................................................................................................................1= DZ]DRKIK^GJKCE..........................................................................................................................11 MDAKEKJKÚE. -.........................................................................................................................10 JCEJD\]CZ BGZKJCZ.............................................................................................................10 QDE]GNGZ MD IG DZ]DRKIK^GJKÚE.-........................................................................................18 ]RDZ ^CEGZ MDI ÇRDG MD DZ]DRKIK^GJKCE.-.........................................................................18 RDIGJKCEDZ ATEJKCEGIDZ MD ICZ GOBKDE]DZ>...................................................................0< RDJCODEMGJKCEDZ @DEDRGIDZ. -.......................................................................................0<

 

GZ\DJ]C ATEJKCEGI. -..........................................................................................................07 GZ\DJ]C DZ\GJKGI. -..............................................................................................................07 GZ\DJ]C ]DJECIC@KJC. -.....................................................................................................07 DODR@DEJKG..............................................................................................................................02 MDAKEKJKÚE.-..........................................................................................................................02 \RC]CJCICZ MD DODR@DEJKG [/C TR@DEJKGZ HCZ\K]GIGRKGZ.-.......................................02 JTGMRC ATEJKCEGI MD IG KEARGDZ]RTJ]TRG MDI HCZ\K]GI MD ZD@TEMC EKQDI> ÇRDG MD DODR@DEJKGZ. -.....................................................................................................................0: GZ\DJ]C ATEJKGI.-................................................................................................................0= GZ\DJ]C DZ\GJKGI.-...............................................................................................................0= GZ\DJ]C ]DJECIC@KJC. -.....................................................................................................04 ZDRQKJKC MD G\C[C [ CRKDE]GJKCE GI TZTGRKC (]RGBGNC ZCJKGI, \ZKJCIC@KG, ET]RKJKCE [ AKZKC]DRG\KG)..................................................................................................01 DZWTDOG ATEJKCEGI...........................................................................................................01 ]RGBGNC ZCJKGI DE HCZ\K]GIK^GJKCE.................................................................................01 ATEJKCEDZ @DEDRGIDZ MD ]RGBGNC ZCJKGI........................................................................01 \ZKJCIC@KG JIKEKJG..................................................................................................................00 ATEJKCEDZ @DEDRGIDZ MD \ZKJCIC@KG JIKEKJG..................................................................00 AKZKC]DRG\KG.............................................................................................................................00 ATEJKCEDZ @DEDRGIDZ MD AKZKC]DRG\KG.............................................................................00 ET]RKJKCE [ MKD]C ]DRG\KG.....................................................................................................08 ATEJKCEDZ @DEDRGIDZ MD ET]RKJKCE [ MKD]C ]DRG\KG.....................................................08 ZDRQKJKCZ GMOKEKZ]RG]KQCZ....................................................................................................0; JGRGJ]DRKZ]KJGZ BGZKJGZ....................................................................................................0; CBND]KQCZ ATEMGODE]GIDZ................................................................................................0; DZ]RTJ]TRG MD CR@GEK^GJKÚE DI ZDRQKJKC......................................................................0; RDJTRZCZ HTOGECZ DZJDEZKGIDZ MDI ZDRQKJKC GMOKEKZ]RG]KQC..................................0; CR@GEK@RGOG MDI MD\GR]GODE]C GMOKEKZ]RG]KQC.....................................................8< KEARGDZ]RTJ]TRG ATEJKCEGI MDI ZDRQKJKC GMOKEKZ]RG]KQC.........................................8< DWTK\GOKDE]C MDI ZDRQKJKC GMOKEKZ]RG]KQC (Ocbkikgrkc, dqukpcs, kestruodetgi y hdrrgokdetgs).........................................................................................................................87 ZDRQKJKCZ @DEDRGIDZ [ OGE]DEKOKDE]C...............................................................................82 JGRGJ]DRK^GJKCE MD ZDRQKJKCZ @DEDRGIDZ [ OGE]DEKOKDE]C......................................82 OGRJC JCEJD\]TGI............................................................................................................82 ]K\CZ MD OGE]DEKOKDE]C...................................................................................................82

 

DZ]RTJ]TRG MD CR@GEK^GJKÚE MDI ZDRQKJKC....................................................................8: RDJTRZCZ HTOGECZ DZJDEJKGIDZ MD ZDRQKJKCZ @DEDRGIDZ [ OGE]DEKOKDE]C...........8: DWTK\GOKDE]C MD ZDRQKJKCZ @DEDRGIDZ [ OGE]DEKOKDE]C (Ocbkikgrkc, dqukpcs, kestruodetgi y hdrrgokdetgs).................................................................................................8= DWTK\GOKDE]C MD GRDG MD DJCECOG]C [ JCJKEG...........................................................8= DWTK\GOKDE]C MD JCODMCR (ZDRQKJKCZ @DEDRGIDZ [ OGE]DEKOKDE]C)......................8= DWTK\GOKDE]C MD IGQGEMDRKG (ZDRQKJKCZ @DEDRGIDZ [ OGE]DEKOKDE]C)...................84 \RCJDZCZ [ \RCJDMKOKDE]CZ MD ZDRQKJKC @DEDRGIDZ [ OGE]DEKOKDE]C....................84 ECROG]KQG MD HCZ\K]GI ZD@TEMC EKQDI..............................................................................81 GZ\DJ]C TRBGEC>................................................................................................................81 GZ\DJ]C ATEJKCEGI>............................................................................................................80 GZ\DJ]C DZ\GJKGI>................................................................................................................8; GZ\DJ]C ]DJECIC@KJC>.......................................................................................................8; GZ\DJ]C \DRJD\]TGI>..........................................................................................................;< ECROG]KQG (MKODEZKCEGOKDE]C).....................................................................................;7 JCEJITZKCEDZ......................................................................................................................;= BKBIKC@RGAKG>........................................................................................................................;=

 

KE]RCMTJJKCE Ics hcspktgids md sd`uemc ekvdi c ekvdi ketdrodmkc, judetge jce gtdejkúe gmdoçs md oëmkjc `dedrgi, jce oïekoc jugtrc dspdjkgikstgs> gedstdskúic`c gedstdskúic`c,, jkrungec, `kedjúic`c y odmkjkeg ketdreg. Ig gskstdejkg hcspktgigrkg jcoprdemd di auejkcegokdetc md jcesuitg dxtdreg, igbcrds md hcspktgikzgjkúe, ketdrvdejkceds qukrþr`kjgs, gtdejkúe md ur`dejkgs y dodr`dejkgs, prcjdmkokdetcs md mkg`eústk prcjdmkokdetcs mkg`eústkjc jc y tdrgpëutkjg tdrgpëutkjg,, gtdejkúe md tdrgpkg ketdrodmkg, odmkjkeg pgikgtkvg y rdhgbkiktgjkúe6 qud sd juopide g trgvës md igs dspdjkgikmgmds md Odmkjkeg Ke Ketd tdre reg, g, @ked @kedjc jcic ic`ï `ïg g

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Cb Cbst stdt dtrk rkjk jkg, g, Jk Jkru ru`ï `ïg g

@d @ded edrg rgi,i, \d \dmk mkgt gtrï rïgg-Ed Edce cegt gtci cic` c`ïg ïg,,

 Gedstdskcic`ïg  Gedstdskci c`ïg y Zgium Crgi, jce di gpcyc md igs uekmgmds md gmokekstrgjk gmokekstrgjkúe úe y sdrvkjkcs `dedrgids mdi hcspktgi. \rcjdm \rc jdmko kokde kdetcs tcs quk qukrþr rþr`kj `kjcs cs md mdrkv rkvgmc gmcss md ig gtd gtdejk ejkúe úe go gobui buigtc gtcrkg rkg md od odmkj mkjke keg g dspdjkgikzgmg de çrdgs jcoc jkru`ïg `dedrgi. Ds ig kestgejkg md rdadrdejkg md ics dstgbidjkokdetcs md prkodr ekvdi md gtdejkúe de di çobktc md su rdm auejkcegi md sdrvkjkcs md sgium, md ogycr jgpgjkmgm rdsciutkvg, cardjd card jd sdrv sdrvkjkc kjkcss md odmk odmkjkeg jkeg `ded `dedrgi, rgi, cmce cmcetcic tcic`ïg `ïg y dspd dspdjkgi jkgikmg kmgmds mds md Odmk Odmkjkeg jkeg Ketdreg, `kedjcic`ïg y cbstdtrkjkg, jkru`ïg `dedrgi, pdmkgtrïg, gedstdskcic`ïg y ctrgs md gjudrmc gi pdraki dpkmdokciú`kjc icjgi y gvgigmc tëjekjgodetd pcr di ZDMDZ sd`þe ec ecrog rogtkv tkvg g vk` vk`det detd> d> jud judetg etg jce ue uekmg kmgmd mdss md gpc gpcyc yc gi mkg`e mkg`eúst ústkjc kjc y trg trgtgo tgokde kdetc, tc, rdjurscs huogecs, dqukpgokdetcs, odmkjgodetcs, kesuocs, dstrujturg aïskjg, odmkcs md tr trge gesp spcr crtd td y jcou jcouek ekjg jgjk jkúe úe qu qud d id pdro pdroktktd d prds prdstg tgrr sdrv sdrvkj kjkc kcss md og oged edrg rg keketdrruopkmg igs 2= hcrgs mdi mïg murgetd ics :14 mïgs mdi g÷c. Gpikjg ig gtdejkúe ketd`rgi ketdrjuiturgi, ketdrjuiturgi, ig `dstkúe pgrtkjkpgtkvg pgrtkjkpgtkvg,, y jcetrci scjkgi de sgium, dndrjd auejkceds md mcjdejkg gskstdejkgi d kevdstk`gjkúe, sd grtkjuig jce di prkodr y tdrjdr ekvdi, y ig odmkjkeg trgmkjkcegi, odmkgetd di jcopcedetd md rdadrdejkg y jcetrg rdadrdejkg md sdrvkjkcs md sgium. OGRJC JCEJD\]TGI Ig jrdgjkúe, kopidodetgjkúe c rd jgtd`crkzgjkúe md hcspktgids md sd`uemc ekvdi md gtdejkúe mdbd rdspcemdr di aiunc md gjtkvkmgmds g jtkvkmgmds nustkakjgmgs de gspdjtcs id`gids y tëjekjcs, jce ig pgrtkjkpgjkúe jcesdesugmg md igs kestgejkgs kevciujrgmgs de ig tcog md mdjkskceds. Ds ig kestgejkg md rdadrdejkg md ics dstgbidjkokdetcs md prkodr ekvdi md gtdejkúe de di çobktc md su rdm auejkcegi md sdrvkjkcs md sgium, md ogycr jgpgjkmgm rdsciutkvg, cardjd sdrvkjkcs md odmkjkeg `dedrgi, cmcetcic`ïg y dspdjkgikm dspdjkgikmgmds gmds md Odmkjkeg Ketdreg, `kedjcic`ïg y cbstdtrkjkg, jkru`ïg `dedrgi, pdmkgtrïg, gedstdskcic`ïg y ctrgs md gjudrmc gi pdraki pdraki dpkmdokc dpkmdokciú`kjc iú`kjc icjgi y gvgigmc tëjekjgodetd pcr di Z ZDMDZ DMDZ sd`þe ecrogtkvg 7

 

JIGZKAKJGJKCE GOBTIG]CRKC. Ds ue dstgbidjkokdetc md sgium kemdpdemkdetd de di jugi ig gskstdejkg dstç brkemgmg pcr ue prcadskcegi md ig sgium jce acrogjkúe gjgmëokjg md jugrtc ekvdi,i, de igs mkad ekvd mkadrdetd rdetdss dspd dspdjkgik jkgikmgmd mgmdss jiïek jiïekjc-q jc-qukrþ ukrþr`kj r`kjgs gs rdjc rdjcecjk ecjkmgs mgs md jceacrokmgm jce ig idy, jce tïtuic rd`kstrgmc de ig Zdjrdtgrïg md Dmujgjkúe Zupdrkcr, Jkdejkg, ]djecic`ïg ]djecic`ïg d Keecvgjkúe y de di Okekstdrkc md Zgium \þbikjg

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JDE]RC MD DZ\DJKGIKMGMDZ Ds ue dstgbidjkokdetc md sgium qud brkemg gtdejkúe md jcesuitg dxtdreg y judetg jce mcs c oçs md igs dspdjkgikmgmds jiïekjgs y/c qukrþr`kjgs rdjcecjkmgs md jceacrokmgm jce ig id idy6 y6 pu pudmd dmd tdedr sdr sdrvkj vkjkc kcss md gp gpcyc cyc md igb igbcrg crgtcr tcrkc kc,, md geçik geçiksks sks ji jiïek ïekjc jc y rgmkcic`ïg d kog`de md bgng jcopidnkmgm. \grg di sdjtcr prkvgmc, ig jcopidnkmgm mdi sdrvkjkc md gpcyc md rgmkcic`ïg d kog`de sd gmdjugrç g su jgrtdrg md sdrvkjkcs. Dstçe bgnc ig rdspcesgbkikmgm tëjekjg md ue dspdjkgikstg, md ue sub- dspdjkgikstg, md ue jiïekjc c md ue qukrþr`kjc. Gtkdemd g ig pcbigjkúe mdi pgïs g trgvës mdi subskstdog md rdadrdejkg y jcetrg rdadrdejkg mdi Zkstdog Egjkcegi md Zgium. JDE]RC JIÏEKJC-WTKRÞR@KJC GOBTIG]CRKC (HCZ\K]GI MDI MÏG) Ds ue dstgbidjkokdetc md sgium qud judetg jce igs dspdjkgikmgmds rdjcecjkmgs md jceacrokmgm jce ig idy y jce sdrvkjkcs md jcesuitg dxtdreg, agrogjkg kestktujkcegi pgrg di dstgbidjkokdetc pþbikjc y agrogjkg ketdreg pgrg di dstgbidjkokdetc prkvgmc, jce ue stcjf md odmkjgodetcs gutcrkzgmcs pcr ig Gutcrkmgm Zgektgrkg Egjkcegi. Brkemg Brk emg gtd gtdejk ejkúe úe md sgi sgium um jiïek jiïekjg, jg, quk qukrþr rþr`k `kjg jg c ji jiïek ïekjcjc-quk qukrþr rþr`k `kjg jg go gobui buigtc gtcrkg rkg y prc`rgogmg, prc`rgogm g, md aacrog crog jcetkeug, jce jukmgmcs md deadrodrïg y ue igpsc md ketdregjkúe odecr g vdketd y jugtrc (2=) hcrgs. \grg iidvgr g jgbc di trgtgokdetc c ics jukmgmcs md pgjkdetds qud mdbde sdr scodtkmcs g ics oëtcmcs md mkg`eústkjc c trgtgokdetc jiïekjc y/c qukrþr`kjc qud rdqukdrge, mdbd jcetgr cbik`gtcrkgodetd jce ig supdrvkskúe y/c kemkjgjkúe mdi dspdjkgikstg trgtgetd. 2

 

Dstcs jdetrcs pudmde tdedr sdrvkjkcs md gpcyc md eutrkjkúe, pskjcic`ïg, igbcrgtcrkc md geçiksks jiïekjc y rgmkcic`ïg d kog`de. Igs jgogs md dstd jdetrc ec sce jdesgbids. Dstçe bgnc ig rdspcesgbkikmgm tëjekjg md ue dspdjkgikstg c ue sub-dspdjkgikstg jiïekjc c qukrþr`kjc. HCZ\K]GIGRKC HCZ\K]GI BÇZKJC

Dstg Ds tgbi bidj djko kokd kdet etc c md sg sgiu ium m qu qud d ju jude detg tg jc jce e ics ics sdrv sdrvkj kjkc kcss md jces jcesui uitg tg dxtd dxtdre reg, g, dodr`dejkg d ketdregjkúe y jce igs dspdjkgikmgmds jiïekjgs y/c qukrþr`kjgs bçskjgs md odmkjkeg ketdreg, odmkjkeg agokikgr, `kedjcic`ïg `kedjcic`ïg y cbstdtrkjkg, pdmkgtrïg, jkru`ïg `dedrgi y cmc cmcetc etcic` ic`ïg. ïg. Mk Mkspc spced ed md juk jukmgm mgmcs cs md dea deadro drodr drïg ïg y cbs cbstdt tdtrkj rkjkg, kg, gmdoç gmdoçss md ics ics sk`ukdet sk`u kdetds ds sdrv sdrvkjkc kjkcss md gpcy gpcyc c mkg` mkg`eústk eústkjc jc y tdrg tdrgpëu pëutkjc> tkjc> jdet jdetrc rc quk qukrþr`k rþr`kjc, jc, jdet jdetrc rc cbstëtrkjc, rgmkcic`ïg d kog`de, igbcrgtcrkc md geçiksks jiïekjc, odmkjkeg trgesauskcegi, eutrkjkúe y mkdtëtkjg, agrogjkg kestktujkcegi pgrg di dstgbidjkokdetc pþbikjc y agrogjkg ketdreg pgrg di dstgbidjkokdetc prkvgmc, jce ue stcjf md odmkjgodetcs gutcrkzgmcs pcr ig Gutcrkmgm Zgektgrkg Egjkcegi6 pudmd jcetgr jce rdhgbkiktgjkúe ketd`rgi. Mdsgrrciig gjjkceds md prcocjkúe, prdvdejkúe, rdhgbkiktgjkúe, jukmgmcs pgikgtkvcs y rdjupdrgjkúe md ig sgium. \udmd jcetgr jce di sdrvkjkc md mcjdejkg d kevdstk`gjkúe. Jces Jc estktktu tuyd yd di dsjg dsjgiú iúe e md rd rdad adrd rdej ejkg kg ke keod odmk mkgt gtg g mdi mdi \rko \rkodr dr Ek Ekvd vdii md Gtde Gtdejk jkúe úe y mkrdjjkceg ig jcetrg rdadrdejkg.

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  HCZ\K]GI @DEDRGI Dstgbidjkokdetc md sgium qud judetg jce ics sdrvkjkcs md jcesuitg dxtdreg, dodr`dejkg d ketdregjkúe y jce igs dspdjkgikmgmds jiïekjgs y/c qukrþr`kjgs md> odmkjkeg ketdreg, odmkjkeg agokikgr, `kedjcic`ïg y cbstdtrkjkg, pdmkgtrïg, jkru`ïg `dedrgi, cmcetcic`ïg y ctrgs dspdjkgikmgmds rdjcecjkmgs md jceacrokmgm jce ig idy, sd`þe su pdraki dpkmdokciú`kjc. Mkspced md jukmgmcs md deadrodrïg y cbstdtrkjkg, gmdoçs md ics sdrvkjkcs md gpcyc mkg`eústkjc y tdrgpëutkjc jcoc> jdetrc qukrþr`kjc, jdetrc cbstëtrkjc, tdrgpkg ketdeskvg (jukmgmcs ketdeskvcs) y edcegtcic`ïg jce igjtgrkc, rgmkcic`ïg d kog`de, igbcrgtcrkc md geçiksks jiïekjc, igbcrgtcrkc md gegtcoïg pgtciú`kjg, odmkjkeg trgesauskcegi, eutrkjkúe y mkdtëtkjg6 agrogjkg kestktujkcegi pgrg di dstgbidjkokdetc pþbikjc y agrogjkg ketdreg ketd reg pgrg di dstgb dstgbidjk idjkokde okdetc tc prkvg prkvgmc, mc, jce ue stcjf md odmk odmkjgode jgodetcs tcs gutcrkzgmcs pcr ig Gutcrkmgm Zgektgrkg Egjkcegi. Gmdoçs pudmd jcetgr jce sdrvkjkc md mkçiksks, sdrvkjkc md gtdejkúe bçskjg md qudogmcs, rdhgbkiktgjkúe ketd`rgi y bgejc md idjhd huogeg. DZ]RTJ]TRG CR@GEKJG MD\GR]GODE]C ODMKJC GZKZ]DEJKGI Ds di çobktc dokedetdodetd cpdrgtkvc gskstdejkgi mdi hcspktgi, rdigjkcegmc jce igs prdstgjkceds md sgium qud rdgikzg g trgvës md 1 uekmgmds, qud sd mdsjrkbde g jcetkeugjkúe. Tekmgm md jcesuitg dxtdreg. - jcestktukmg -  jcestktukmg pcr jcesuitcrkcs pgrg ig gtdejkúe md igs 4 dspdjkgikmg dspdjkgikmgmds mds qud cardjd di hcspktgi md sd`uemc ekvdi md gtdejkúe> odmkjke odm kjkeg g ketdr ketdreg, eg, `ked `kedjcic jcic`ïg `ïg y cbst cbstdtrkj dtrkjkg, kg, jkru` jkru`ïg ïg `de `dedrgi drgi,, pdm pdmkgtrïg kgtrïg,, gedstdskcic`ïg y cmcetcic`ïg jce prdstgjkceds md jgrçjtdr rdsciutkvc sd`þe ig jgrtdrg md sdrvkjkcs.  

=

 

Tekmgm md hcspkt hcspktgikzgj gikzgjkúe. kúe. -- jce`rd`g  jce`rd`g ics sdrvkjkcs md hcspktgikzgjkúe c ketdregjkúe md usugrkcs qud jcrrdspcemde g igs dspdjkgikmgmds getds sd÷gigmgs, gmdoçs md qud ics ics qu qud d ke ke`r `rds dsge ge pcr pcr do dodr dr`d `dej ejkg kgss y ic icss ketd ketdre regm gmcs cs de tdrg tdrgpk pkg g ketd ketdro rodm dmkg kg y rdjupdrgjkúe rdjupdrgjkú e pcstcpdrgtcrkg pcstcpdrgtcrkg..

 

Tekmgm md gpcyc gi mkg`eústkjc y trgtgokdetc. -  -   jcgmyuvg y jcopidodetg igs gj gjtktkvk vkmg mgmd mdss jiïe jiïekj kjgs gs qu qud d sd juop juopid ide e de igs igs uekm uekmgm gmds ds md jces jcesui uitg tg dxtd dxtdre reg, g, hc hcspk spktgi tgikzg kzgjkú jkúe e y dod dodr`d r`dejk ejkgs, gs, g`r g`rup upgem gemc c ic icss sk` sk`ukd ukdetd etdss sdr sdrvkj vkjkc kcs> s> quk qukrúa rúage gec c y dstdrkikzgjkúe, agrogjkg, eutrkjkúe, kog`decic`kg, igbcrgtcrkc y odmkjkeg trgesauskcegi.

 

Tekmgm md dodr`dejkgs. - sd - sd jcestktuyd de ig pudrtg md ke`rdsc md igs ur`dejkgs y dodr`dejkgs odmkjc qukrþr`kjgs, ïetkogodetd rdigjkcegmgs jce di jcetdxtc `dedrgi mdi hcspktgi, gsï jcoc ig rdadrdejkg y jcetrg rdadrdejkg md usugrkcs, ics sdrvkjkcs md jcouekjgjkúe y trgespcrtd 4

 

Tekmgm md cmcetcic`ïg. - jcestktukmg -  jcestktukmg pcr jcesuitcrkcs dspdjkgikzgmcs pgrg ig gtdejkúe md ig dspdjkgikmgm qud cardjd di hcspktgi gi ketdrkcr md su jgrtdrg.

Tekmgm md deadrodrïg. -  -  sd ig jceskmdrg md ogedrg kemdpdemkdetd pcr igs gjtkvkmgmds oþitkpids qud rdgikzg, ec scic de ig gtdejkúe mkrdjtg md ics usugrkcs, skec tgobkëe de ig mkeçokjg md ics aiuncs auejkcegids hcspktgigrkcs, tgetc mdi jcopcedetd gskstdejkgi jcoc gmokekstrgtkvc

1

 

MD\GR]GODE GMOKEKZ]RG]K Di mdpgrtgodetc

]C QC md

gmokekstrgjkúe

acrog pgrtd md

ig

cr`çekjg

mdi

sd`uemc

ekvdi

dstrujturg

hcspktgi

md

md gtdejkúe, mdpdemkdemc mkrdjtgodetd md ig mkrdjjkúe `dedrgi. Ds ig uekmgm cr`çekjg dejgr`gmg md brkemgr gpcyc de sdrvkjkcs gmokekstrgtkvcs, akegejkdrcs, dstgmïstkjcs, gsï tgobkëe ig gmokekstrgjkúe md rdjurscs huogecs y jcetrci ketdrec g trgvës md gjjkceds qud pdroktge di usc gmdjugmc md ics bkdeds y sdrvkjkcs qud judetg di hcspktgi. Zd cr`gekzg dstrujturgiodetd de trds sdrvkjkcs Gskstdejkgids, jgmg uec md diics jce cbndtkvcs auejkcegids a uejkcegids mdi mdpgrtgodetc. Dstcs sce> uekmgm gmokekstrgtkvg akegejkdrg, uekmgm md dstgmïstkjg d keacroçtkjg y uekmgm md desd÷gezg (mcjdejkg (mcjdejkg)) d kevdstk`gjkúe kevdstk`gjkúe.. Tekmgm gmokekstrgtkvg akegejkdrg. - sd -  sd jcestktuyd de ig uekmgm ecrogtkvg, md supdrvkskúe y gpcyc tëjekjc de ic qud sd rdakdrd g cr`gekzgjkúe, prc`rgogjkúe md cpdrgjk;eds, rdjurscs huogecs, ogtdrkgids y akegejkdrcs mdi hcspktgi. Ig uekmgm ds rdspcesgbid mdi bude auejkcegokdetc md igs çrdgs qud sd dejudetrge bgnc su çobktc md gjjkúe, gsï jcoc jccrmkegr, ecrogr y supdrvksgr  ig `dstkúe gmokekstrgtkvg y akegejkdrg md igs mkadrdetds çrdgs.

Tekmgm

md

dstgmïstkjg

d

keacroç kea croçtkjg tkjg.. -  uekmgm dejgr`gmg md qud di hcspktgi judetd y prcvdg keacrogjkúe dstgmïstkjg de sgium y brkemd scpcrtd keacroçtkjc, odjgekzgjkúe d ketd`rgjkúe md ics skstdogs md keacrogjkúe rdqudrk rdqudrkmcs mcs pgrg ics prcjdscs cr`gekzgjkcegids. Rdjcpkigr tcmg ig keacrogjkúe md ics skstdogs md keacrogjkúe rdqudrkmcs pgrg ics prcjdscs cr`gekzgjkcegids. Rdjcpkigr tcmg ig keacrogjkúe 0

 

qud sd `dedrg, gsï jcoc brke mgr sdrvkjkcs md grjhkvc y dstgmïstkjcs g igs uekmgmds mdi hcspktgi qud tkdede ig edjdskmgm md cbtdedr mgtcs d keacrogjkúe dstgmïstkjg jceakgbid pgrg ig tcog md mdjkskceds.

Tekmgm Tek mgm dspgjk dspgjkgi gi md sgiu sgium m pþb pþbikj ikjg.g.- ds ig uekmgm dejgr`gmg md prdstgr gpcyc de dpkmdokcic`kg hcspktgigrkg, `dstkúe md jgikmgm, mcjdejkg d kevdstk`gjkúe, sd`þe ics jcevdekcs jce uekvdrskmgmds y/c kestktujkceds dmujgtkvgs, pcr ctrg pgrtd, prcoudvd ig desd÷gezg, jgpgjktgjkúe jgpgjktgjkúe jcetkeug d kevdstk`gjkúe kevdstk`gjkúe,, tgetc md ics rdjurscs huogecs hcspktgigrkcs, jcoc md gqudiics de acrogjkúe de prd y pcst`rgmc uekvdrsktgrkc y ics qud prcjdmge prcjdmge md ics dstgbid dstgbidjkok jkokdetc detcss md sgium g ig qud pdrtd pdrtdedjd edjd di hcspktgi md sd`uemc ekvdi md gtdejkúe.

8

 

;

 

WTKRÚAGEC MDAKEKJKÚE MD WTKRÚAGEC Mdaked ue qukrúagec júoc ue icjgi jcevde jce vdekde kdetdo tdodet detd d

gjc gjcemk emkjkc jkcegm egmc c

pgrg hgjdr cpdrgjkceds qukrþr`kjgs md ogedrg qud pudmge prdsdejkgrsd gi tr trgv gvës ës md ue ueg g sdpg sdpgrg rgjk jkúe úe md jrkstg jrkstgi,i, y, jug jugiq iqukd ukdrr sgi sgig g mce mcemd md sd dadjtþge dstgs cpdrgjkce cpdrgjkceds. ds. Teg mdakekjkúe md qukrúagec ds "Ig odtg jcoþe mdi dqukpc qukrþr`kjc ds ig dakjkdejkg y dakjgjkg de ig gtdejkúe gi deadroc kemkvkmugi pgrg gikvkgr su suarkokdetc, rdstgbidjdr su dstrujturg y auejkceds jcrpcrgids y ic`rgr ue rdsuitgmc pcstcpdrgtcrkc agvcrgbid, jcetrkbuydemc g ig sgium úptkog mdi pgjkdetd su rd`rdsc g ig scjkdmgm c ig oudrtd jce mk`ekmgm". Ig okskúe mdi qukrúagec jceskstd de prdstgr trgtgokdetc qukrþr`kjc gmdjugmc g ig pgtcic`ïg md ics pgjkdetds jce ig oçxkog prcadskcegikmgm, rdspdtc y dakjgjkg pgrg sgtksagjdr sus dxpdjtgtkvgs y odncrgr su sgium. Ctrg mdakekjkúe> Di qukrúagec ds ueg dstrujturg kemdpdemkdetd de ig jugi sd prgjtkjge ketdrvdejkceds Wukrþr Wuk rþr`k `kjgs jgs y gjt gjtug ugjkc jkceds eds md ge gedst dstdsk dskg-r g-rdg dgek ekogj ogjkú kúe e edjds edjdsgrk grkgs gs pgr pgrg g di bud bude e mdsgrrciic md ueg ketdrvdejkúe y md sus jcesdjudejkgs, jcesdjudejkgs, qud tkdede iu`gr de `dedrgi de di dxtdrkcr mdi qukrúagec. Di qukrúagec pdroktd ig gtdejkúe `icbgi d kemkvkmugikzgmg md ics pgjkdetds pcr ue dqukpc ketdrmks ketd rmksjkpi jkpikegrk kegrkc c (ged (gedstdsk stdskstgs, stgs, jkru jkrunge ngecs cs y tgob tgobkëe këe rgmk rgmkúic úic`cs, `cs, `gst `gstrcde rcdetdrúi tdrúic`cs c`cs,, eduoúic`cs. DI JCEJD\]C MD WTKRÚAGEC Di qukrúagec ds ueg dstrujturg qud mdbd dstgr  jdrrgmg jcopidtgodetd kemdpdemkdetd mdi rdstc mdi

hcspktgi

de

ig

jugi

ketdr ketdrvde vdejkc jkceds eds quk qukrþr rþr`k `kjgs jgs,,

sd

prgjtkjge

gjt gjtug ugjkc jkceds eds md

gedstdskg y md rdgekogjkúe pgrg qud tde`g ue bude mdsgrrciic de gi`ueg ketdrvdejkúe gmdoçs md qud mde detr trc c mdi qu qukkrú rúag age ec ec dxk xkst std de

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jcesdjudejkgs md jcetgokegr yg qud gi dxtdrkcr dxkstde oujhgs bgjtdrkgs, vkrus y oujhgs jcsgs oçs qud mdgobuige de di gkrd. Di qukrúagec pdroktd ig gtdejkúe `icbgi c kemkvkmugikzgmg md ics pgjkdetds pcr ue dqukpc ketdrmksjkpikegrkc ketdrmksjkp ikegrkc pgrg tcmcs ics gjtcs qud sd rdgikjde jce ig cjupgjkúe md gedstdskg, di qukrúagec mdbd cjupgr di iu`gr jdetrgi mdbkmc g ueg dvkmdetd edjdskmgm md dstgr jdrjg md gi`uegs çrdgs md gjc`kmg c md hcspktgikzgjkúe gsï jcoc ics sdrvkjkcs oëmkjctëjekjcs, tgobkëe di djcskstdog mdi qukrúagec mdbd ogetdedrsd ogetdedrsd de ue ekvdi oïekoc md jcetgokegjkúe pcr odmkc md ikopkdzg, ic jugi ig sgig sd mdbd sdr ikopkgmg jgmg mïg de jgmg cpdrgjkúe c ketdrvdejkúe vgrkgs vdjds detrd jgmg pgjkdetd. Ig okskúe md ue qukrúagec ds cardjdr ue ogrjc pctdetd g tcmgs ketdrvdejkceds yg sdge didjt di djtkvg kvgss c jci jcidjt djtkvg kvgs, s, pgr pgrg g pgj pgjkd kdetd etdss prd prdsde sdetge tgemc mc dea deadro drodm dmgmd gmdss quk qukrþr rþr`k `kjgs jgs rd`uigmgs c ur`detds.

ATEJKCEDZ MD TE WTKRÚAGEC

Di

qukrúagec

ds

ueg dstrujturg kemdpdemkdetd de ig jugi sd prgjtkjge ketdrvdejkceds qukrþr`kjgs y gjtugjkceds gjtugjkce ds md ged gedstdsk stdskg-rdg g-rdgekog ekogjkúe jkúe edjd edjdsgrk sgrkgs gs pgrg di bude mdsgrrci mdsgrrciic ic md ueg ketdrvdejkúe y md sus jcesdjudejkgs, qud tkdede iu`gr de `dedrgi de di dxtdrkcr mdi qu qukr krúa úage gec. c. Di qu qukr krúa úage gec c ds ue dspg dspgjk jkc c jd jdrr rrgm gmc c qud qud mdbd mdbd sdr sdr jcop jcopid idtg tgod odet etd d kemdpdemkdetd mdi rdstc mdi hcspktgi6 mdbd puds qudmgr gksigmc ardetd gi rdstc mdi hcspktgi pcr ueg sdrkd md sdpgrgjkceds jce igs dstrujturgs dxtdrkcrds. Di qukrúagec pdroktd ig gtdejkúe `icbgi d kemkvkmugikzgmg md ics pgjkdetds pcr ue dqukpc ketdrmks ketd rmksjkpi jkpikegrk kegrkc c (ged (gedstdsk stdskstgs, stgs, jkru jkrunge ngecs cs y tgob tgobkëe këe rgmk rgmkúic úic`cs, `cs, `gst `gstrcde rcdetdrúi tdrúic`cs c`cs,, eduoúic`cs, deadrodrgs md qukrúagec, guxkikgr md deadrodrïg, jgokiidrc...) pgrg tcmcs ics gjtcs qud sd hgjde bgnc gedstdskg (`dedrgi c icjgi sd`þe di gjtc qud mdbd dadjtugrsd y di dstgmc md sgium mdi pgjkdetd). 77

 

Zke dobgr`c, su kopigetgjkúe de di hcspktgi mdbdrç tdedr de judetg igs rdigjkceds mdi qukrúagec jce di sdrvkjkc md igs ur`dejkgs, di mdpgrtgodetc md gedstdskg-rdgekogjkúe, ig rdgekogjkúe, ics igbcrgtcrkcs, di bgejc md sge`rd, ig dstdrkikzgjkúe, ig agrogjkg y ics sdrvkjkcs hcspktgigrkcs. Di qukrúagec mdbd cjupgr ue iu`gr jdetrgi mdbkmc g ueg dvkmdetd edjdskmgm md dstgr  jdrjg md gi`uegs dstrujturgs md gjc`kmg c md hcspktgikzgjkúe, gsï jcoc ics sdrvkjkcs oëmkjc-tëjekjcs oëmkjc-tëjek jcs y dstc mdbd `ukgr su jcestrujjkúe de ue eudvc hcspktgi. De di jgsc md rddstrujturgjkúe c jrdgjkúe md ue eudvc qukrúagec de ueg dstrujturg grquktdjtúekjg getk`ug, sdrç edjdsgrkc detcejds rdadrkrsd g mkakjuitgmds grquktdjtúekjgs vkejuigmgs g ig dxkstdejkg md dstcs dmkakjkcs, de pgrtkjuigr pgrg di trgtgokdetc mdi gkrd y ig jkrjuigjkúe mdi ogtdrkgi y igs pdrscegs. Di djcskstdog mdi qukrúagec mdbd ogetdedrsd g ue ekvdi md jcetgokegjkú jcetgokegjkúe e oïekoc pcr  odm od mkc

md

ueg

ikop kopkd kdzzg

juyc juycss

rk rkto toc cs

dstg stgbid bidjk jkm mcs

md mdb bdrçe rçe

cbsdr bsdrvvgrsd rsd

dsjr dsjrup upui uics csgo gode detd td.. Ic Icss pr prke kejk jkpk pkcs cs md ig ikikop opkd kdzg zg mdbd mdbde e sdr sdr jcmk jcmkakakjg jgmc mcss pcr  pcr  prcjdmkokdetcs prcjdmkok detcs dsjrktcs mksjutkmcs pcr jgmg dqukpc. Di prdikokegr ds ig dvgjugjkúe md tcmcs ics rdskmucs d kestruodetcs ogejhgmcs de skstdogs jdrrgmcs (jcetdedmcrds dstgejcs y bcisgs hdroëtkjgodetd jdrrgmcs). Ig ikopkdzg md ig sgig md cpdrgjkceds sd hgjd vgrkgs vdjds gi mïg, detrd jgmg pgjkdetd. \grg diic, sd mdskeadjtge tcmgs igs sgigs md cpdrgjkceds utkikzgmgs mdspuës mdi akegi md jgmg prc`rgog cpdrgtcrkc jce prctcjcics md hk`kded, ske civkmgr di rdstc md igs pgrtds mdi qukrúagec> cakjkegs, mdspgjhcs, vdstugrkcs, dtj.

JGRGJ]ËRKZ]KJGZ MDI WTKRÚAGEC Di qukrúagec c sgig md cpdrgjkceds ds di iu`gr de di jugi sd iidvg g jgbc di gjtc qukrþr`kjc. • Di qukrúagec dstç jcetrcigmc `dc`rçakjg, gobkdetgi y bgjtdrkciú`kjgodetd bgjtdrkciú`kjgodetd y dstç rdstrke`kmc di aiunc Detrgetd y sgikdetd md pdrscegi. • Ds jcevdekdetd qud dstë gmygjdetd g ig uekmgm md jukmgmcs pcs gedstdskg y g ig uekmgm md jukmgmcs Ketdeskvcs qukrþr`kjc qukrþr`kjcs. s. • Ig tdopdrgturg dstç jcetrcigmg detrd 2< y 2=¾J. • Ig huodmgm detrd di :< y di 1 • Ge`kcic`ïg y Jkru`ïg vgsjuigr. • Jkru`ïg @dedrgi. • Jkru`ïg crgi y ogxkicagjkgi. • Jkru`ïg piçstkjg y rdpgrgmcrg. • Jkru`ïg tcrçjkjg. • Jkru`ïg Jgrmkcvgsjuigr. • Jkru`ïg cejciú`kjg. • Jkru`ïg bgrkçtrkjg. • Jkru`ïg pdmkçtrkjg. • Edurcjkru` Edurcjkru`ïg. ïg. ÇRDGZ MDI WTKRÚAGEC Di çrdg qukrþr`kjg sd mkvkmd de trds çrdgs y tkded pcr cbndtkvcs okekokzg ig mkspdrskúe md okjrccr`geksocs keadjjkcscs, gsï jcoc agjkiktg di aiunc md pgjkdetds, pdrscegi d kestruodetcs y dqukpgokdetcs edjdsgrkcs pgrg di jukmgmc sgektgrkc. Di qukrúagec dstç dstrujturgmc de igs sk`ukdetds çrdgs> ^CEGZ MDI WTKRÚAGEC 

^CEG ED@RG> Ig ED@RG> Ig prkodrg çrdg md rdstrkjjkúe qud ds ueg vdrmgmdrg zceg  Gocrtk`ugmcrg  Gocrtk`ug mcrg md prctdjjk prctdjjkúe. úe. 

Ds di çrdg

md gjjdsc,

de diig sd rdvksge igs jcemkjkceds md cpdrgjkúe y prdsdetgjkúe md ics pgjkdetds6 sd hgjd tcmc di trgbgnc t rgbgnc gmokekstrgtkvc rdigjk rdigjkcegmc cegmc y di pdrscegi. Jgobkgr di vdstkmc pcr ig rcpg dspdjkgi md usc md qukrúagec. \rkodrg çrdg md pgsc mdi pgjkdetd, sd rdgikzgrçe trgbgncs gmokekstrgtkvcs y jgobkc md pdrscegi, sd dejudetrg de sgektgrkcs y vdstkmcrds dstg mdbd dstgr mkvkmkmg pcr ueg pudrtg qud jcedjtgrg jce di çrdg `rks.

7:

 



^CEG ^CE G @RKZ @RKZ>>  Ig sd` sd`uem uemg g çrd çrdg g ds ig iiiigog gogmg mg tgo tgobk bkëe ëe zce zceg g iko ikopkg pkg,, tcm tcmc c pdrscegi qud detrg g ig zceg `rks, mdbd vdstkr pkngog qukrþr`kjc. Ig jgbdzg sd jubrd jce `crrc md tdig y cjuitg tcmc di pdic pgrg Kopdmkr ig jgïmg md ics jgbdiics de zcegs dstërkids6 ig egrkz y ig bcjg sd jubrde jce ueg ogsjgrkiig.

 Çrdg sdokrrdstrke`kmg> Kejiuyd ics pgskiics md gjjdsc gi qukrúagec, detrd ctrcs. Gjjdsc súic g pdrscegi gutcrkzgmc (jce gtudemc qukrþr`kjc).    Çrdgs md jkrjuigjkú jkrjuigjkúe e gopikgs, sd dejudetrg di ogtdrkgi qud sdrç iidvgmc pgrg su utkikzgjkúe de ig sgig. De dstg çrdg dejcetrgocs sgig md gedstdskg, igbcrgtcrkcs, rgycs x, bgejc md sge`rd, sgig md rdjupdrgjkceds, jdetrgi md dqukpcs y dstdrkikzgjkúe.



^CEG BIGEJG> Di BIGEJG> Di çrdg md ogycr rdstrkjjkúe ds di çrdg dstërki c çrdg bigejg de ig qu qud d sd de dejud judetr etrg g ig sgi sgig g md cpdrg cpdrgjk jkced cedss prc prcpkg pkgode odetd td mkjhg mkjhg.. Çrd Çrdg g rdst rd strk rke` e`km kmg> g> ^c ^ceg eg dstë dstërk rki.i. Zd ed edjd jdsk sktg tg og ogsj sjgr grkikiig ig.. Keji Kejiuy uyd d igs igs sgig sgigss md cpdrgjkceds, çrdgs md igvgmc y hgbktgjkceds md ogtdrkgi dstërki.  

• Çrdg md

ogycr

 

rdstrkjjkúe. • Jcoprdemd ig sgig md cpdrgjkceds ]gog÷c> Di tgog÷c kmdgi ds md :4-1< o2, g pgrtkr md gquï sdrïg mdogskgmc `rgemd, sdrïg pcjc þtki tdedr di ogtdrkgi g utkikzgr g 4-1 odtrcs md mkstgejkg y ecs tdemrïgocs qud 7=

 

ocvdr guodetgemc di rkds`c md jcetgokegjkúe. Odecs md :4 o2 sdrïg mdogskgmc pdqud÷c, di pdrscegi md qukrúagec ec pcmrïg ocvdrsd md acrog júocmg. \grdmds y tdjhc> Kopdrodgbids, rdskstdetds, jcetrg ogejhgs, ske `rkdtgs, ske jcicrds agtk`getds pgrg ig vkstg, ske vdetgegs, gbscrbdetds md scekmc, sgikdetds qud pudmge jcetdedr pcivc. Ic Icss td tdjh jhcs cs mdbd mdbde e sd sdrr ikiksc scs, s, md ogtdr og tdrkg kgii keg kegitd itdrgb rgbid id y gbs gbscrb crbde detd td mdi scekmc. Igs pgrdmds y pudrtgs mdbde sdr getk aigog y dstgr  rdvdstkmgs

jce

ogtdrkgi

kopdrodgbid kopdrodgb id d kegitdrgb kegitdrgbid, id, g prudbg md ogejhgs, ske `rkdtgs, md açjki ikopkdzg, ske brkiic, ske jcicrds agtk`getds pgrg ig vkstg. Ics qukrúagecs mdbde dstgr mdsprcvkstc md vdetgegs gi dxtdrkcr y igs tuvkdrg mdbdrçe dstgr sdiigmgs hdroëtkjgodetd. Ec mdbde usgr ics gzuidncs pgrg rdvdstkr sus pgrdmds mdbkmc g qud igs uekceds sce sktkcs prcpkjkc prcpkjkcss pgrg di mdsgrrciic md `ërodeds. Ics qukrúagecs mdbde dstgr g`rupgmcs de ueg scig pigetg y jcestktukr ueg uekmgm auejkcegi kemdpdemkdetd. Jgmg qukrúagec mdbd tdedr ueg supdrakjkd oïekog md :< o2. Okdetrgs igs jkru`ïgs ogycrds rdqudrkrçe ueg supdrakjkd qud supdrd ics :4 o2. Ics sudics sud ics y pgr pgrdm dmds ds tde tdemrç mrçe e jgrgj jgrgjtdr tdrïst ïstkjg kjgss get getkds kdstçt tçtkjg kjgs, s, sdr sdrçe çe md og ogtdr tdrkg kgii pigec pigec,, kopdrodgbid, kopdrodgb id, kegitdrgbid, murc y rdskstdetd, jce dsqukegs rdmcemdgmgs qud agjkiktde su ikopkdzg.. Ig giturg sudic-tdjhc mdbdrç sdr md : o. ikopkdzg Zd ogetdemrç ue çrdg dspdjïakjg pgrg di giogjdegnd tdopcrgi md rcpg c dqukpc jcetgo jce tgokeg kegmc. mc. Ig tdo tdopdr pdrgtu gturg rg sdr sdrç ç dst dstgbi gbid, d, csj csjkikigem gemc c det detrd rd ics ics 2< y 2= `rgmc `rgmcss jdetï`rgmcs, okdetrgs ig huodmgm md ics qukrúagecs sd sktugrç de di rge`c mdi :< gi 1 7. Zktugjkúe mdi pgjkdetd 2. Edjdskmgm md scpcrtd akskciú`kjc :. Jcopidnkmgm mdi prcjdmkokdetc qukrþr`kjc =. ]kpc md gedstdskg gmokekstrgmc 4. Edjdskmgm md trgtgokdetc pgrg di mcicr  74

 

1. \drkcmc pgrg jcetrcigr ics pgrçodtrcs vktgids y dvgiugr di dstgmc akskciú`kjc, ds mdjkr, tkdopc qud tgrmd di pgjkdetd de dstgbkikzg dstgbkikzgrsd. rsd. 0. Jukmgmcs md ig hdrkmg qukrþr`kjg (gpúsktc), mrdegnds y scemgs. Ig deadrodrïg md qukrúagec sdrïg úptkog qud dadjtugrg ueg vksktg pcstcpdrgtcrkg y rdgikzgrg ueg dvgiugjkúe md ics jukmgmcs gpikjgmcs pgrg odncrgr ics jukmgmcs qud sd suokekstrge gi pgjkdetd de su prcjdsc qukrþr`kjc.

ECROGZ GRWTK]DJ]ÚEKJGZ MD TE WTKRÚAGEC GZ\DJ]C ATEJKCEGI Ecrogs grquktdjturg mdi qukrúagec> Di mksd÷c grquktdjtúekjc mdbd kejiukr ics sk`ukdetds didodetcs>  Gjjdskbidss g ics sktkcs mcemd sd dejudetrge ics pgjkdetds qukrþr`kjcs  Gjjdskbid qukrþr`kjcs,, uekmgm md juk jukmgm gmc cs

ketde tdesk skvc vcs, s,

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ctrc trcs.

Gidn dng gmc mcss

md

pgjk jkde detd tdss

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dead eadro rod dmg mgm mds

keadjtcjcetg`kcsgs keadjtcjcetg` kcsgs c md çrdgs sëptkjgs c ouy jcejurrkmgs.  Gpgrtgmg mdi rdstc mdi hcspktgi pgrg okekokzgr di trçesktc md pdrscegs gndegs g diig. Zgigs md dspdrg, jcesuitg dxtdreg, juedrcs.  DZ]RTJ]TRG AÏZKJG MDI BICWTD WTKRÞR@KJC> ^CEGZ [ ICJGIDZ MD IG TEKMGM Di qukrúagec `dedrgi rdqukdrd ueg sdrkd md rdjurscs dstrujturgids y md dqukpgokdetc, qud dstgrç auemg auemgodet odetgiod giodetd etd de rdig rdigjkúe jkúe jce igs jgrgjtdr jgrgjtdrïstkj ïstkjgs gs md ig gjtk gjtkvkmg vkmgm m qukrþr`kjg prdvkstg. Ds kopcrtgetd sd÷gigr qud gmdoçs md ig gpikjgjkúe md ics jrktdrkcs dxpudstcs de dstd mcjuodetc md dstçemgrds y rdjcodemgjkceds, ig prc`rgogjkúe auejkcegi y di mksd÷c md ics rdjurscs md ig uekmgm mdbde gmgptgrsd g jgmg rdgikmgm jcejrdtg y mdpdemde dspdjkgiodetd md igs mdjkskceds qud ics rdspcesgbids md ig `dstkúe hgyge gmcptgmc de su jgsc de rdigjkúe jce ig cr`gekzgjkúe md igs uekmgmds, md sus sus rd rdju jurs rscs cs hu huog ogec ecss y md ig md mdakakek ekjk jkúe úe md prcj prcjds dscs cs y prct prctcj cjci cics cs md auejkcegokdetc, auejkcegok detc, gsï jcoc md ctrcs jcemkjkc jcemkjkcegetds egetds dspdjïakjcs md jgmg sktugjkúe. Ig dstrujturg md ueg uekmgm md qukrúagec rdspcemd g igs prkejkpgids auejkceds qud sd rdgikzge de diig y judetg jce igs sk`ukdetds zcegs> 7) ^ceg md gjjdsc y rdjdpjkúe. 2) ^ceg ic`ïstkjg. :) ^ceg md prdpgrgjkú prdpgrgjkúe e prd qukrþr`kjg. =) ^ceg qukrþr`kjg. 4) ^ceg pcstqukrþr`kjg. 71

 

1) ^ceg md pdrscegi md gedstdskg y jkru`ïg. MDZJRK\JKÚ MDZJRK\ JKÚE E MD IGZ \RK \RKEJK EJK\GI \GIDZ DZ ATE ATEJKC JKCEDZ EDZ [ JGR JGRGJ] GJ]DRÏZ DRÏZ]KJ ]KJGZ GZ MD JGMG TEG MD IGZ ^CEGZ WTD KE]D@RGE TE WTKRÚAGEC @DEDRGI 7) ^CEG GJJDZC [ RDJD\JKÚE   7. g Detrgmg, vdstïbuic y trgesadrdejkg mdi pgjkdetd Di gjjdsc gi qukrúagec `dedrgi sd mdbd rdgikzgr mdsmd ue pgskiic md jkrjuigjkúe ketdreg (pgjkdetds dejgogmcs, pdrscegi y suokekstrcs) mdi hcspktgi qud sd mdbd dejcetrgr

bkde

rdigjkcegmc

dspgjkgiodetd jce ig TJJ, ur`dejkgs y igs uekmgmds md hcspktgikzgjkúe. hcspktgikzgjkúe. Rdsuitg mdsdgbid qud di bicqud mkspce`g md ue þekjc gjjdsc md ogedrg qud sd pudmge jcetrcigr ics mkstketcs trçakjcs mdetrc md ig uekmgm. Di gjjdsc þekjc pdroktd jcetrcigr ig sd`urkmgm de di ketdrkcr md ig uekmgm. Dxkstde mkvdrscs jrktdrkcs pgrg rdgikzgr di trgsigmc mdi pgjkdetd dejgogmc hgstg ig odsg qukrþr`kjg pcr ic qud mdbdrç mdakekrsd de jgmg jgsc di prctcjcic md trgesadrdejkg mdi pgjkdetd. De ig prçjtkjg, oujhcs md ics dqukpcs kopigetgmcs pgrg ig trgesadrdejkg mdi pgjkdetd de dstg zceg, qud dstgbidjde ueg bgrrdrg detrd di vdstïbuic md gjjdsc y di pgskiic qud jcouekjg jce ig zceg qukrþr`kjg, ec sd hge usgmc, gspdjtc qud mdbd jceskmdrgrsd jce di pdrscegi md ig uekmgm getds md kopigetgr dstd skstdog trgesadrdejkg. Ig mkodeskúe mdi vdstïbuic md gjjdsc sd de dejud judetr etrg g de rdi rdigjk gjkúe úe jce ic icss tkpcs tkpcs md trç trçakj akjcs cs prd prdvk vkstc stcss (pgjk (pgjkdet detds ds dej dejgog gogmcs mcs,, pdrscegi hgjkg vdstugrkcs, suokekstrcs), ig mkodeskúe mdi qukrúagec, di skstdog md trgespcrtd y ig ogedrg md rdgikzgr ig trgesadrdejkg mdi pgjkdetd mdsmd su jgog gi ketdrkcr mdi bicqud. Dxkstkrç dspgjkc suakjkdetd pgrg gicngr md ueg ogedrg jcopgjtg igs jgogs md ics pgjkdetds dejgogmcs qud giiï qudmde trgs ig trgesadrdejkg mdi pgjkdetd hgjkg ig zceg qukrþr`kjg. Ds mdsdgbid ig icjgikzgjkúe mdi qukrúagec de ig þitkog pigetg md ig zceg mdi hcspktgi mdstkegmg gi trgtgokdetc y mkg`eústk mkg`eústkjc jc md ogedrg qud igs kestgigjkc kestgigjkceds, eds, prkejkpgiodetd ics ics dq dqukp ukpcs cs tdrok tdrokegi egids ds md trg trgtgo tgokde kdetc tc md gk gkrd, rd, mks mkspc pce`g e`ge e md ue dsp dspgjk gjkc c prc prcpkc pkc,, mkrdjtgodetd jcedjtgmc jce ics qukrúagecs y rdstc md zcegs mdi bicqud, md acrog qud igs kopcrtgetds igbcrds md ogetdekokdetc md ics oksocs sd pudmge rdgikzgr ske ketdradrkr ig gjtkvkmgm ketdreg md ig uekmgm de ue dspgjkc bkde gjcemkjkcegmc pgrg di mdsgrrciic md dsg auejkúe. Rdsuitg gskoksoc jcevdekdetd qud di qukrúagec sd sktþd de di oksoc ekvdi qud ig uekmgm c uekmgmds md jukmgmcs jrïtkjcs. 70

 

7. b. Rdjdpjkúe y jcetrci Di pudstc md rdjdpjkúe mkspcemrç md ue bude jcetrci vksugi mdi gjjdsc y jkrjuigjkceds md ig zceg. 7. j. Mdspgjhc md jcetrci Zd jceskmdrg edjdsgrkc ue icjgi pgrg ig cr`gekzgjkúe md ig gjtkvkmgm ketdreg md ig uekmgm, jcetrci mdi ocvkokdetc md pgjkdetds y rdigjkúe jce ctrgs uekmgmds mdi hcspktgi (igbcrgtcrkc md gegtcoïg pgtciú`kjg, agrogjkg, dstdrkikzgjkúe, dtj.). Mkspcemrç md ueg kestgigjkúe kestgigjkú e md tubc eduoçtkjc. Dstd icjgi mdbd dstgr bkde jcouekjgmc jce ig rdjdpjkúe md ig ue uekm kmgm gm,, y jc jce e ig jk jkrj rjui uigj gjkú kúe e rd rdig igjk jkce cegm gmg g jce jce di gjjd gjjdsc sc g ics ics qukr qukrúa úage gecs cs..  Gskoksoc, de dstd icjgi pudmd icjgikzgrsd icjgikzgrsd di pudstc md jcetrci y jdetrgi md gigrogs md igs kestgigjkceds ketdregs mdi qukrúagec. 7. m. Mdspgjhc keacrogjkúe Zd rdqukdrd ue mdspgjhc pgrg agjkiktgr ig keacrogjkúe de jcrrdjtgs jcemkjkceds md prkvgjkmgm y gmdjugmgs jcemkjkceds gobkdetgids, g ics agokikgrds y/c gjcopg÷getds mdi pgjkdetd ketdrvdekmc de ig uekmgm. Dstd icjgi mdbd dstgr ketd`rgmc de di bicqud y de zceg prúxkog g ig dspdrg y dstgr md ics agokikgrds y/c gjcopg÷getds mdi pgjkdetd. 7. d. Dspdrg `dedrgi Ig sgig md dspdrg `dedrgi md ics agokikgrds y gjcopg÷getds mdi pgjkdetd sd icjgikzg audrg mdi qukrúagec, de ueg zceg prúxkog gi gjjdsc y gi mdspgjhc md keacrogjkúe, gsï jcoc md ig TR\G. Di mkodeskcegokdetc md ig zceg md dspdrg mdpdemdrç md ig gjtkvkmgm qukrþr`kjg prdvkstg y md igs jgrgjtdrïstkjgs scjkcjuiturgids md ig pcbigjkúe, mdbkdemc jcetgr de jcemkjkceds ecrogids jce ueg prdvkskúe md 7,4 gskdetcs júocmcs (ics tkdopcs md dspdrg pudmde sdr igr`cs) pcr pgjkdetd qud sd dejudetrd de jugiqukdr  çrdg md ig uekmgm. Igs jcemkjkceds gobkdetgi gobkdetgids ds md ig sgig md dspdrg mdbde jceskmdrgr  ig sktug sktugjkú jkúe e md ges geskd kdmg mgm m y ge ge`us `ustkg tkg qud sd prd prdsde sdetge tge de igs igs pdr pdrsce scegs gs qud qud sd dejudetrge de diig. Dstg sgig mkspcemrç gskoksoc md gsdcs gmgptgmcs pgrg di usc md ics ics ago agokikikg kgrds rds y/c gjc gjcopg opg÷ge ÷getds tds md ic icss pg pgjkd jkdetd etds. s. Ig sgi sgig g mdbdr mdbdrç ç mks mkspce pcedr dr md jcedxkceds tdidaúekjgs, gsï jcoc oçqukegs md dxpdmkjkúe md bdbkmgs y jcokmg arïg, y audetd md g`ug arïg. Ds mdsdgbid qud igs oçqukegs dxpdemdmcrgs, mgmc di vciuode md igs oksogs, mkspce`ge md ue dspgjkc prcpkc md acrog qud su kestgigjkúe ec gadjtd gi auejkcegokdetc y jgpgjkmgm md ig sgig.

78

 

7. a. Qdstugrkcs md pgjkdetds  Gsdcs y vdstugrkcs md pgjkdetds jce ketdrvdejkúe qukrþr`kjg prc`rgogmg qud gjumde gi bicqud qukrþr`kjc mdsmd di dxtdrkcr mdi hcspktgi y pcr tgetc ske ke`rdsc prdvkc de uekmgm md hcspktgikzgjkúe. Ics vdstugrkcs sdrçe mkadrdejkgmcs (hcobrds, oundrds) y mdbdrçe jcetgr jce dspgjkc suakjkdetd pgrg tgqukiigs qud pdroktge ig justcmkg md rcpg y cbndtcs pdrscegids y tdemrçe igvgbcs, kecmcrc (7 jgmg 7< pgjkdetds) y mujhgs. De ig tgbig sk`ukdetd sd mdsjrkbde igs auejkceds y jgrgjtdrïstkjgs prkejkpgids md ics icjgids md ig zceg prd qukrþr`kjc. 2) ^CEG IC@ÏZ]KJG 2.g. Qdstugrkcs y gsdcs md pdrscegi.Icjgids pgrg ig prdpgrgj prdp grgjkúe kúe mdi pdrs pdrscegi cegi qu qukr krþr þr`k `kjc jc,,

jc jce e

pc pcsk skbi bid d

gjjdsc mdsmd ig detrgmg prkejkpgi gi qukrúagec. Ics vdstug vds tugrkc rkcss jc jcetg etgrçe rçe jce ueg zceg md prdpgrgjkúe prdvkg gi gjjdsc md ig zceg qukrþr`kjg y tdemrçe ue mksd÷c qud auejkced jcoc dsjiusg mdsmd di dxtdrkcr mdi bicqud g ig jkrjuigjkúe ketdreg mdi pdrscegi mdetrc mdi oksoc. Mkspcemrç gskoksoc md ueg zceg prdvkg md gsdc jce igvgb igvgbc c kec kecmcr mcrc c y muj mujhg hg.. Jce jgp jgpgjk gjkmgm mgm pgrg pgrg 2> igvgmc md ogec Icjgi

gscjkgmc

gi

qukrúagec

pgrg

ig

md mdske skeadj adjjkú jkúe e y jci jcicjg cjgjkú jkúe e md og ogsjg sjgrki rkiigs igs.. Jcetk`uc gi qukrúagec, dstgrç sdpgrgmc md ig jkrjuigjkúe `dedrgi md pgjkdetds md ig uekmgm md qukrúagec. Jcetgrç, jcoc oïekoc, jce mcs pu puet etcs cs md g`ug g`ug pc pcrr qu qukr krúa úage gec c jce jce `r `rkakac c qu qukr krþr þr`k `kjc jc md gjjk gjjkce cego gokd kdet etc c ec og ogeu eugi gi,, mkspdesgmcrds getksëptkjcs, sdjgmcr md ogecs gutcoçtkjc y rdicn. De di jgsc md hcspktgids uekvdrsktgrkcs dstd dspgjkc mdbd sdr ogycr pcr ig gopiktum md ics dqukpcs qukrþr`kjcs. Dspgjkc jce pcskbkikmgm md jcopgrtkrsd pcr jgmg mcs qukrúagecs. Qkskúe mdi qukrúagec mdsmd dstg zceg md igvgmc md ogecs qukrþr`kjc pgrg pdroktkr di jcetrci pcr pgrtd mdi pdrscegi md ig gjtkvkmgm de di qukrúagec. Mkspcemrç md dstgetdrïgs jce ogtdrkgi (`crrcs, oçsjgrgs) y mkspdesgmcrds, gsï jcoc rdjc`kmg md devcitcrkcs md pgpdi.

=.2. Wukrúagec Icjgi de di qud sd rdgikzg ig ketdrvdejkúe qukrþr`kjg y mcemd jceaiuyde ics mkstketcs trçakjcs md ig uekmgm (pgjkdetd, pdrscegi, ogtdrkgi dstërki y ogtdrkgi usgmc). De auejkúe md ig/s jkrjuigjkúe/ceds gscjkgmg/s gi qukrúagec sd mkspcede ics icjgids prkejkpgids md ig uekmgm (vdstugrkcs, sgikmg md sujkc de su jgsc y TR\G). Ig supdrakjkd þtki oïekog md jgmg qukrúagec sd jceskmdrg md =< o2, jce ueg giturg ikbrd (sudic - agisc tdjhc) oïekog md : odtrcs y jce uegs mkodeskceds qud pdroktkrçe trgzgr ue jïrjuic md 1 o md mkçodtrc girdmdmcr md ig odsg mdi qukrúagec. Igs pgrdmds y tdjhcs sdrçe md ogtdr og tdrkg kgid idss murcs murcs,, ec pcr pcrcsc cscs, s, kop kopdro drodgb dgbids ids,, igvgb igvgbids ids d k`e k`eïau ïau`cs `cs,, ske `rkdt `rkdtgs, gs, jcetkeucs y ske brkiics6 ec hgbrç rkdids ek didodetcs susjdptkbids susjdptkbids md gjuouigr sujkdmgm y ics di didod dodetc etcss md pgr pgrdm dm sdr sdrçe çe dop dopctr ctrgm gmcs. cs. Di sud sudic ic sdrç sdrç getk getk didjt didjtrcs rcstçt tçtkjc kjc,, 2:

 

jcemujtkvc y dstgrç jcedjtgmc g tkdrrg. Di qukrúagec mkspcemrç md ue gjjdsc (pudrtgs gu gutco tcoçtk çtkjgs jgs dst dstge gejgs jgs md jcr jcrrdm rdmdrg drg)) mds mdsmd md ig zce zceg g md prd prdpgr pgrgjk gjkúe úe mdi pdrsc pdrscegi egi jcouekjgmg jce ig jkrjuigjkúe md pdrscegi (vdstugrkcs), pgjkdetds (TR\G), y ctrc, de su jgsc, pgrg ig sgikmg md sujkc md ig sgig. Zd utkikzgrçe, prdadrdetdodetd, brgzcs grtkjuigmcs oúvkids pgrg gedstdskg y jkru`ïg. Gejignds pgrg içopgrg y ctrcs dqukpcs, odmkgetd pigjgs de acrngmc supdrkcr, ubkjgmcs (rdjcodemgmc) de igs dsqukegs mdi rdjtçe`uic gscjkgmc g ig odsg qukrþr`kjg. De ig tgbig sk`ukdetd sd mdsjrkbde igs auejkceds y jgrgjtdrïstkjgs prkejkpgids md ics icjgids md ig zceg qukrþr`kjg. 4) ^CEG \CZ]WTKRÞR@KJG 4.7. Tekmgm md Rdjupdrgjkúe \cst-Gedstëskjg (TR\G) Zgig jce jgpgjkmgm pgrg 7,4-2 pudstcs pcr qukrúagec6 jgmg pudstc jce 72 o2 þtkids. Ig TR\G ec rdgikzg auejkceds md TJK pcsqukrþr`kjg. Di dspgjkc md ig sgig sdrç prdadrdetdodetd mkçagec y mctgmc md kiuokegjkúe egturgi. 4.2. Jcetrci md deadrodrïg Icjgikzgmc de ueg pcskjkúe jdetrgi mdetrc md ig zceg. Mdbd pdroktkr ig cbsdrvgjkúe mkrdjtg md tcmcs ics pudstcs md ig sgig jcoþe. Di jcetrci md deadrodrïg mdbd mkspcedr  md jcouekjgjkceds pgjkdetd / deadrodrg odmkgetd ue skstdog gjþstkjc y iuokecsc. Kestgigjkúe md tubc eduoçtkjc md trgespcrtd md oudstrgs. Jcetrci md ig kestgigjkúe md sd`urkmgm y prctdjjkúe jcetrg kejdemkcs, jugmrc md gigrog md `gsds. Jcedxkceds keacroçtkjgs y tdidaúekjgs. 4.:. Giogjëe `dedrgi  Giogjëe md idejdrïg idejdrïg md ig T TR\G R\G de jgrrcs, gs gsïï jcoc ctrc ogtdrk ogtdrkgi gi aue`kbid aue`kbid..

4.=. Cakjkc ikopkc Ic Icjg jgii gscj gscjkg kgmc mc mk mkrd rdjt jtgo gode detd td gi jc jcet etrc rcii md dead deadro rodr drïg ïg pgrg pgrg ig prdp prdpgr grgj gjkú kúe e md odmkjgodetcs.

4.4. Cakjkc sujkc Icjgi pgrg di giogjdegokdetc md rcpg sujkg y rdskmucs, g trgespcrtgr odmkgetd jgrrcs y jcetdedmcrds mkstrkbukmcs pcr ig `dstkúe md rdskmucs. Mdbd mkspcedr md puetc md g`ug y dspgjkc suakjkdetd pgrg pdroktkr ig jigskakjgjkúe gvgezgmg md rdskmucs. Ics rdskmucs `dedrgmcs de dstg zceg mdbde sdr jcrrdjtgodetd kmdetkakjg kmdetkakjgbids bids y jigrgodetd 2=

 

ji jigs gskakakj kjgm gmcs cs de jc jcet etde dedm dmcr crds ds dspd dspdjk jkgi gids ds de auej auejkú kúe e mdi mdi prcj prcjds dsc c pcstd pcstdrk rkcr cr md trgtgokdetc.

4.1. Giogjëe md dqukpcs Ic Icjgi jgi pg pgrg rg di gi giogj ogjdeg degokd okdetc etc md dq dqukp ukpcs cs pcr pcrtçt tçtkikids ds md usc de igs aue auejkc jkced edss md rdgekogjkúe/mdspdrtgr rdgekogjk úe/mdspdrtgr (rdspkrgmcrd (rdspkrgmcrds, s, RJ\, dtj.). Jce tcogs diëjtrkjgs pgrg ig rdvkskúe md ics dqukpcs. Ig prc prc`rg `rgogj ogjkú kúe e md dst dstcs cs icj icjgid gidss pcs pcskbk kbkikt iktg g mks mkspce pcedr dr md jkrjui jkrjuigj gjkce kceds ds ikikbrd brdss md cbstçjuics, gsï jcoc ue ogetdekokdetc y ikopkdzg gmdjugmcs md ics oksocs. 4.0. Cakjkc md ikopkdzg Icjgi pgrg di giogjdegokdetc md dqukpcs y prcmujtcs md ikopkdzg. Jce puetc md g`ug y vdrtdmdrc. Jcoc sd pudmd cbsdrvgr de di gpgrtgmc 1.4, ig ikopkdzg ds ue gspdjtc kopcrtgetd md ig prdvdejkúe md igs keadjjkceds de ig uekmgm, pcr ic qud dstg auejkúe mdbd jcetgr jce ics icjgids md gpcyc edjdsgrkcs pgrg di mdsgrrciic jcrrdjtc md dstg gjtkvkmgm.

Di

pdrscegi md ikopkdzg

ds uec md ics

usugrkcs md ig uekmgm

juyg auejkúe ec

sudid sdr rdjcecjkmg

jce ig mkspcskjkúe

md icjgids suakjkdetd.

De

sk`ukdetd sd mdsjrkbde

igs

ig

tgbig

auejkceds

y

jgrgjtdrïstkjgs

prkejkpgids md ics pcstqukrþr`kjg.

icjgids md ig zceg

1) ^CEG MD GEDZ]DZKG, DEADRODRÏG

\DRZCEGI JKRT@ÏG

MD [

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Dstg Dst g zce zceg, g, qud ke kejiu jiuyd yd ics dsp dspgjk gjkcs cs md trg trgbgn bgnc c (cr (cr`g `gekz ekzgjk gjkúe, úe, sds sdskc kceds eds ji jiïek ïekjgs jgs,, mcjdejkg y acrogjkúe) mdi pdrscegi mdi qukrúagec, sd icjgikzg de di dxtdrkcr mdi oksoc mdbkdemc sktugrsd de ueg zceg prúxkog.

1.7. Mdspgjhcs md pdrscegi Icjgids pgrg ig cr`gekzgjkúe y trgbgnc mdi pdrscegi md ig uekmgm, mkstrkbukmcs de au auej ejkú kúe e md mdii oc ocmd mdic ic md `d `dst stkú kúe e md ig ue uekm kmgm gm.. Jc Jce e jced jcedxk xkce ceds ds keac keacro roçt çtkj kjgs gs y tdidoçtkjgs. Tec md dstcs mdspgjhcs mdbd jcrrdspcemdr gi jccrmkegmcr md qukrúagec. 1.2. Zgig md rduekceds Zgig pcikvgidetd mctgmg md odmkcs keacroçtkjcs y tdidoçtkjcs pgrg di trgbgnc mdi dqukpc qukrþr`kjc. Dspg Ds pgjk jkc c pg pgrg rg sd sdsk skce ceds ds ji jiïe ïekj kjgs gs,, md mc mcjd jdej ejkg kg y acro acrogj gjkú kúe, e, jce jce dquk dqukpg pgok okde detc tc (vkmdc (vk mdcjce jceadr adrde dejkg jkg,, jce jcedxk dxkúe úe md ko kog`d g`de e jce quk qukrúa rúage gecs, cs, dtj dtj.), .), qud pdr pdrok oktge tge ig tdidodmkjkeg. Di eþodrc md icjgids pcikvgidetds y su mkodeskúe sd dejudetrg de rdigjkúe jce di tgog÷c md ig uekmgm y igs jgrgjtdrïstkjgs md ig gjtkvkmgm mcjdetd mdi hcspktgi. 1.:. Zdjrdtgrïg Icjgi pgrg di trgbgnc gmokekstrgtkvc md ig uekmgm. Mctgmc jce jcedxkceds keacroçtkjgs y tdidoçtkjgs t didoçtkjgs.. 1.=. Zgig md dstgr  Zgig md dstgr y mdsjgesc qud kejcrpcrg ueg zceg pgrg rdark`drkc mdi pdrscegi qud trgbgng de ig uekmgm.

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1.4. Gsdcs y vdstugrkcs md pdrscegi Icjgids mdstkegmcs mdstkegmcs g gsdcs y vdstugrkcs mdi dqukpc qukrþr`kjc sktugmc de di dxtdrkcr md ig ue uekm kmgm gm,, de ue ueg g zc zceg eg pr prúx úxko kog g g ig ok okso sog. g. Zu mkod mkodes eskc kceg egmc mc sd deju dejude detrg trg rdigjkcegmc jce ig mkodeskúe y jgrgjtdrïstkjgs md ig gjtkvkmgm qukrþr`kjg gsï jcoc di prctcjcic qud dxkstg de rdigjkúe jce di dopidc md ig rcpg (bigejg, vdrmd) g usgr de jgmg jgmg zceg zceg md ig ue uekm kmgm gm.. De ig tgbi tgbig g sk sk`u `ukd kdet etd d sd md mdsj sjrk rkbd bde e igs igs auej auejkc kced edss y jgrgjtdrïstkjgss prkejkpgids md ics icjgids md ig zceg md pdrscegi md gedstdskg, jkru`ïg y jgrgjtdrïstkjg deadrodrïg.

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ECROGZ GRWTK]DJ]TRG> ÇRDGZ MDI WTKRÚAGEC GZ\DJ]C ATEJKCEGI

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ECROGZ GRWTK]DJ]ÚEKJGZ MDI WTKRÚAGEC

\rkejkpkcs auemgodetgids pgrg di mksd÷c md sgig qukrþr`kjg> • Ecrogs grquktdjturg> Mkspcskjkúe aïskjg mdi qukrúagec • Ig mk mkst strk rkbu bujk jkúe úe md çr çrdg dgss md mdet etrc rc md mdii qu qukr krúa úage gec c hg md sdr sdr tgi tgi qu qud d dvkt dvktd d ics ics mdspigzgokdetcs keedjdsgrkcs md igs pdrscegs qud de ëi trgbgnge. • De jdetrc md ig hgbktgjkúe yg qud ds di iu`gr md trgbgnc, y sd rdqukdrd oçs dspgjkc, pgrg ig prdpgrgjkúe md ig odsg mdi kestruodetgi, vdstkmc dstërki, y pcskjkcegokdetc md ics ogtdrkgids dstërkids. • Dvktgr pcr tcmcs ics odmkcs qud hgyg jgbids pcr di sudic. Ds prdadrkbid qud tcmgs igs kestgigjkceds dstëe prdpgrgmgs mdsmd di tdjhc, dstc dvktgrç trcpkdzcs y gjjkmdetds murgetd ig jkru`ïg.

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Dxkstd : tkpcs md zceg de di qukrúagec> zceg bigejg, zceg `rks, zceg ed`rg.

^CEG BIGEJG • Çrdg md ogycr rdstrkjjkúe. • Jcoprdemd ig sgig md cpdrgjkceds ]gog÷c> Di tgog÷c kmdgi ds md :4-1< o2, g pgrtkr md gquï sdrïg mdogskgmc `rgemd, sdrïg pcjc þtki tdedr di ogtdrkgi g utkikzgr g 4-1 odtrcs md mkstgejkg y ecs tdemrïgocs qud ocvdr guodetgemc di rkds`c md jcetgokeg jcetgokegjkúe. jkúe. Odecs md :4 o2 sdrïg mdogskgm mdogskgmc c pdqud÷c, di pdrscegi md qukrúagec ec pcmrïg ocvdrsd md acrog júocmg. \grdmds y tdjhc> Kopdrodgbids, rdskstdetds, jcetrg ogejhgs, ske `rkdtgs, ske jcicrds agtk`getds pgrg ig vkstg, ske vdetgegs, gbscrbdetds md scekmc, sgikdetds qud pudmge jcetdedr pcivc. Ics tdjhcs mdbde sdr ikscs, md ogtdrkgi kegitdrgbid y gbscrbdetd mdi scekmc. Igs pgrdmds y pudrtgs mdbde sdr getk aigog y dstgr rdvdstkmgs jce ogtdrkgi kopdrodgbid d kegitdrgbid, g prudbg md ogejhgs, ske `rkdtgs, md açjki ikopkdzg, ske brkiic, ske jcicrds agtk`getds pgrg ig vkstg. Ics qukrúagecs mdbde dstgr mdsprcvkstc md vdetgegs gi dxtdrkcr y igs tuvkdrg mdbdrçe dstgr sdiigmgs hdroëtkjgodetd. Ec mdbde usgrr ic usg icss gzu gzuid idnc ncss pgr pgrg g rdv rdvdst dstkr kr sus pgrdm pgrdmds ds mdbk mdbkmc mc g qud qud igs uekce uekceds ds sce sktkcs sktkcs prcpkjkcs pgrg di mdsgrrciic md `ërodeds. Ics qukrúagecs mdbde dstgr g`rupgmcs de ueg scig pigetg y jcestktukr ueg uekmgm auejkcegi kemdpdemkdetd. Jgmg qukrúagec mdbd tdedr ueg supdrakjkd oïekog md :< o2. Okdetrgs igs jkru`ïgs ogycrds rdqudrkrçe ueg supdrakjkd qud supdrd ics :4 o2. Ics sudics sud ics y pgr pgrdm dmds ds tde tdemrç mrçe e jgrgj jgrgjtdr tdrïst ïstkjg kjgss get getkds kdstçt tçtkjg kjgs, s, sdr sdrçe çe md og ogtdr tdrkg kgii pigec pigec,, kopdrodgbid, kegitdrgbid, murc y rdskstdetd, jce dsqukegs rdmcemdgmgs qud agjkiktde su kopdrodgbid, ikopkdzg.. Ig giturg sudic-tdjhc mdbdrç sdr md : o. ikopkdzg Zd ogetdemrç ue çrdg dspdjïakjg pgrg di giogjdegnd tdopcrgi md rcpg c dqukpc jcetgo jce tgokeg kegmc. mc. Ig tdo tdopdr pdrgtu gturg rg sdr sdrç ç dst dstgbi gbid, d, csj csjkikigem gemc c det detrd rd ics ics 2< y 2= `rgmc `rgmcss jdetï`rgmcs, okdetrgs ig huodmgm md ics qukrúagecs sd sktugrç de di rge`c mdi :< gi 1 Kmdgi pudrtgs jcrrdmkzgs pcrqud dikokege igs jcrrkdetds md gkrd jgusgmgs pcr  igs pudrtgs `krgtcrkgs. \udrtgs jcrrdmkzgs ec mdbde qudmgr mdetrc md igs pgrdmds. \drc sk jcrrdmkzc supdrakjkgi supdrakjkgi.. Ogetdedr ig pudrtg md qukrúagec jdrrgmg, dxjdptc qud hgyg edjdskmgm md pgsgnd md dqukpgokdetc, dqukpgok detc, pdrscegi c pgjkdetds. \cr ic `dedrgi sce md tkpc vcigemdrc vcigemdrc,, prcvkstgs md ue vksc md 24x24 jo. y md gejhc md 7.4< o. \kscs> Rdskstdetd gi g`ug y jcemujtcr md jcrrkdetd pgrg dvktgr di gjuouic md jgr`gs didjtrcds didj trcdstçtk tçtkjgs jgs dsqu dsqukegs kegs rdmcemd rdmcemdgmgs gmgs pgrg odnc odncrr ikop ikopkdzg kdzg.. Ics pksc pkscss mdb mdbde de sdr  getkdstçtkjcs pgrg mkskpgr ig didjtrkjkmgm md ics dqukpcs y pdrscegi, y jcoc prdvdekr ig gjuouigjkúe md jgr`gs didjtrcstçtkjgs de sktkcs qud sd usge gedstëskjcs keaigogbids. Md ogtdrkgi pigec, kopdrodgbids, kegitdrgbid, murcs y rdskstdetds. G ekvdi mdi zújgic, igs dsqukegs mdbde sdr rdmcemdgmgs pgrg agjkiktgr su ikopkdzg. Hgy mkspcekbids pkscs jcemujtcrds md icsg md jdodetc, ikeúidc y tdrrgzc. 

Ecrogs grquktdjturg> ]kpc md mksd÷c mdi qukrúagec

Ig odtg md tcmgs igs kmdgs md mksd÷c mdi qukrúagec sce ig sd`urkmgm mdi pgjkdetd y ig dakjkdejkg de di trgbgnc • Jcrrdmcr Jdetrgi • Mcbid Jcrrdmcr Jdetrgi jce Eþjidc Jdetrgi Gsëptkjc • Jkrjuigr (Jcrrdmcr \drkaërkjc) • \rcydjtc Ketd`rgmc ZGIG MD C\DRGJKCEDZ, Zgig md gpcyc y gedstdskg y igvgbcs (HM) g) Auejkceds De sgig md cpdrgjkceds> ketdrvdejkceds qukrþr`kjgs `dedrgids ec dspdjkgikzgmgs. De sgig md gpcyc y gedstdskg> gpcyc gmkjkcegi gi gjtc qukrþr`kjc, qud jcoprdemd tgobkëe ig prdpgrgjkúe md ig ketdrvdejkúe oëmkjc-pgjkdetd y gedstdskg mdi oksoc. De çrdg md Igvgbcs> gsdc y mdskeadjjkúe md ogecs y getdbrgzcs md ics oëmkjcs getds md rdgikzgr  ig ketdrvdejkúe. :<

 

b) Mkodeskceds 

Zupdrakjkd þtki gprcxkogmg =0.