Normas DIN 5

 

 K`rans GJK

]us prjkmjpj`s s`k pnrnhdh`s n hn luankjgng. Enstn rdm`rgnr qud yn dk hns mjvjhjznmj`kds mnhgdn y dojpmjn, sd lneánk tjpjbjmng` h`s tnanþ`s gd hngrjhh`s y pjdgrns, sdoók uk`s aýguh`s gd gjadksj`kds prdvjnadktd dstnehdmjg`s. Ydr` hn k`ranhjznmjýk m`k ensd sjstdaîtjmn y mjdktábjmn knmd n bjknhds gdh sjoh` \J\, m`k hn Udv`humjýk Jkgustrjnh dk h`s pnásds nhtnadktd jkgustrjnhjzng`s, nktd hn kdmdsjgng gd pr`gumjr aîs y adc`r. Ydr` dh japuhs` gdbjkjtjv` hhdoý m`k hn prjadrn Oudrrn Aukgjnh (>:>7->:>:>?, munkg` h`s jkodkjdr`s nhdankds Knuenus y Ldhhajml, m`kstjtuydk dh prjadr `ronkjsa` gdgjmng` n hn k`ranhjznmjýk3 KNGJ - K`radk-Nussmluss gdr Gdutsmldk Jkgustrjd - M`ajtê gd K`ranhjznmjýk gd hn Jkgustrjn Nhdankn. Dstd `ronkjsa` m`adkzý n dajtjr k`rans enc` hns sjohns3 GJK qud sjokjbjmnenk Gdustmldr Jkgustrjd K`radk (K`rans gd hn Jkgustrjn Nhdankn). Dk >:52 dh KNGJ mnaej` su gdk`ajknmjýk p`r3 GKN - Gdutsmlds K`radk-Nussmluss - M`ajtê gd K`rans Nhdankns qud sj ejdk sjoujý dajtjdkg` k`rans enc`s hns sjohns GJK, dstns pnsnr`k n sjokjbjmnr "Gns Jst K`ra" - Dst` ds k`ran. Z aîs rdmjdktdadktd, dk >:?4, mnaej` su gdk`ajknmjýk p`r3 GJK - Gdutsmlds Jkstjtut bør K`rauko - Jkstjtut` Nhdaîk gd K`ranhjznmjýk. Uîpjgnadktd m`adkznr`k n surojr `tr`s m`ajtês knmj`knhds dk h`s pnásds jkgustrjnhjzng`s, nsá dk dh nþ` >:>< sd m`kstjtuyý dk Brnkmjn dh NBK@U - Ns`mjnmjýk Brnkmdsn gd K`ranhjznmjýk. Dk >:>: dk Jkohntdrrn sd m`kstjtuyý hn `ronkjznmjýk prjvngn E]J - Erjtjsl ]tnkgnrgs Jkstjtutj`k. Mhnsjbjmnmjýk gd hns k`rans

 

]doók su m`ktdkjg`, hns k`rans pudgdk sdr3  K`rans Bukgnadktnhds gd Wjp` Odkdrnh3  n dstd tjp` pdrtdkdmdk

hn k`rans rdhntjvns n b`rant`s, tjp`s gd hákdn, r`tuhnmjýk, vjstns, dtm..  K`rans Bukgnadktnhds gd Wjp` Wêmkjm`3  s`k nqudhhns qud lnmdk

rdbdrdkmjn n hns mnrnmtdrástjmns gd h`s dhdadkt`s admîkjm`s y su rdprdsdktnmjýk. Dktrd dhhns sd dkmudktrnk hns k`rans s`erd t`hdrnkmjns, r`smns, s`hgngurns, dtm.

 K`rans gd Antdrjnhds3 s`k nqudhhns qud lnmdk rdbdrdkmjn n hn

mnhjgng gd h`s antdrjnhds, m`k dspdmjbjmnmjýk gd su gdsjoknmjýk, pr`pjdgngds, m`ap`sjmjýk y dksny`. N dstd tjp` pdrtdkdmdránk hns k`rans rdhntjvns n hn gdsjoknmjýk gd antdrjnhds, tnkt` adtîhjm`s, nmdr`s, er`kmds, dtm., m`a` k` adtîhjm`s, huerjmnktds, m`aeustjehds, dtm.  K`rans gd Gjadksj`kds gd pjdzns y admnkjsa`s 3 dspdmjbjmnkg`

b`rans, gjadksj`kds y t`hdrnkmjns ngajsjehds. N dstd tjp` pdrtdkdmdránk hns k`rans gd m`kstrummjýk knvnh, aîqujkns ldrrnajdktns, tuedráns, dtm. ]doók su îaejt` gd nphjmnmjýk, hns k`rans pudgdk sdr3 Jktdrknmj`knhds3 N dstd orup` pdrtdkdmdk hns k`rans dajtjgns

p`r J]@, MDJ y TJW-Tkjýk Jktdrknmj`knh gd Wdhdm`aukjmnmj`kds.

Udoj`knhds3 ]u îaejt` sudhd sdr m`ktjkdktnh, ds dh mns` gd

hns k`rans dajtjgns p`r dh MDK, MDKDHDM y DW]J.

 Knmj`knhds3 ]`k hns rdgnmtngns y dajtjgns p`r h`s gjbdrdktds

`ronkjsa`s knmj`knhds gd k`ranhjznmjýk, y dk m`km`rgnkmjn m`k hns rdm`adkgnmj`kds gd hns k`rans Jktdrknmj`knhds y rdoj`knhds pdrtjkdktds. Ds dh mns` gd hns k`rans GJK Nhdankns, hns TKD Dspnþ`hns, dtm.

Gd Daprdsn3 ]`k hns rdgnmtngns hjerdadktd p`r hns daprdsns y

qud m`aphdadktnk n hns k`rans knmj`knhds. Dk Dspnþn nhoukns gd hns daprdsns qud dajtdk sus pr`pjns k`rans s`k3 JKWN (Jkstjtut` Knmj`knh gd Wêmkjmn Ndr`dspnmjnh), UDKBD, JEDUGU@HN, MWKD, ENSNK, JEDUJN, dtm.

 

Mhnsjbjmnmjýk gd h`s tjp`s gd gjeuc` têmkjm`.

Hn k`ran GJK >:: mhnsjbjmn h`s gjeuc`s têmkjm`s ntdkgjdkg` n h`s sjoujdktds mrjtdrj`s3

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@ecdtjv` gdh gjeuc` B`ran gd m`kbdmmjýk gdh gjeuc`.

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M`ktdkjg`.

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Gdstjk`.

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Mhnsjbjmnmjýk gd h`s gjeuc`s sdoók su `ecdtjv`3 

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Mr`qujs3 Udprdsdktnmjýk n ank` nhzngn rdspdtnkg` hns pr`p`rmj`kds gd h`s `ecdt`s. Gjeuc`3 Udprdsdktnmjýk n dsmnhn m`k t`g`s h`s gnt`s kdmdsnrj`s pnrn gdbjkjr dh `ecdt`. Yhnk`3 Udprdsdktnmjýk gd h`s `ecdt`s dk rdhnmjýk m`k su p`sjmjýk ` hn bukmjýk qud muaphdk. Orîbjm`s, Gjnornans y Îenm`s3 Udprdsdktnmjýk orîbjmn gd adgjgns, vnh`rds, gd pr`mds`s gd trnenc`, dtm. Adgjnktd hákdns ` supdrbjmjds. ]ustjtuydk gd b`ran mhnrn y rdsuajgn n tnehns kuaêrjmns, rdsuhtng`s gd dksny`s, pr`mds`s antdaîtjm`s, básjm`s, dtm.

Mhnsjbjmnmjýk gd h`s gjeuc`s sdoók hn b`ran gd m`kbdmmjýk3 

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Gjeuc` n hîpjz3 Munhqujdrn gd h`s gjeuc`s nktdrj`rds rdnhjzng`s n hîpjz. Gjeuc` n tjktn3 Ágda, pdr` dcdmutng` n tjktn. @rjojknh3 Dh gjeuc` rdnhjzng` p`r prjadrn vdz y, dk odkdrnh, s`erd pnpdh trnshómjg`. Udpr`gummjýk3 M`pjn gd uk gjeuc` `rjojknh, `etdkjgn p`r munhqujdr pr`mdgjajdkt`. M`kstjtuydk h`s gjeuc`s utjhjzng`s dk hn prîmtjmn gjnrjn, puds h`s `rjojknhds s`k k`ranhadktd m`ksdrvng`s y nrmljvng`s mujgng`snadktd, t`aîkg`sd ngdaîs hns adgjgns gd sdourjgng m`kvdkjdktds.

Mhnsjbjmnmjýk gd h`s gjeuc`s sdoók su m`ktdkjg`3

 

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Gjeuc` odkdrnh ` gd m`kcukt`3 Udprdsdktnmjýk gd ukn aîqujkn, jkstruadkt`, dtm., dk su t`tnhjgng. Gjeuc` gd gdspjdmd3 Udprdsdktnmjýk gdtnhhngn d jkgjvjgunh gd mngn uk` gd h`s dhdadkt`s y pjdzns k` k`ranhjzngns qud m`kstjtuydk uk m`kcukt`. Gjeuc` gd orup`3 Udprdsdktnmjýk gd g`s ` aîs pjdzns, b`rankg` uk suem`kcukt` ` ukjgng gd m`kstrummjýk.

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Gjeuc` gd tnhhdr ` m`aphdadktnrj`3 Udprdsdktnmjýk m`aphdadktnrjn gd uk gjeuc`, m`k jkgjmnmjýk gd gdtnhhds nuxjhjnrds pnrn sjaphjbjmnr rdprdsdktnmj`kds rdpdtjgns. Gjeuc` dsqudaîtjm` ` dsqudan3 Udprdsdktnmjýk sjaeýhjmn gd h`s dhdadkt`s gd ukn aîqujkn ` jkstnhnmjýk.

Mhnsjbjmnmjýk gd h`s gjeuc`s sdoók su gdstjk`3 

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Gjeuc` gd tnhhdr ` gd bnerjmnmjýk3 Udprdsdktnmjýk gdstjkngn n hn bnerjmnmjýk gd ukn pjdzn, m`ktdkjdkg` t`g`s h`s gnt`s kdmdsnrj`s pnrn gjmln bnerjmnmjýk. Gjeuc` gd admnkjznmjýk3 Udprdsdktnmjýk gd ukn pjdzn m`k h`s gnt`s kdmdsnrj`s pnrn dbdmtunr mjdrtns `pdrnmj`kds gdh pr`mds` gd bnerjmnmjýk. ]d utjhjznk dk bnerjmnmj`kds m`aphdcns, sustjtuydkg` n h`s nktdrj`rds. Gjeuc` gd a`ktncd3 Udprdsdktnmjýk qud pr`p`rmj`kn h`s gnt`s kdmdsnrj`s pnrn dh a`ktncd gd h`s gjstjkt`s suem`kcukt`s y m`kcukt`s qud m`kstjtuydk ukn aîqujkn, jkstruadkt`, gjsp`sjtjv`, dtm. Gjeuc` gd mhnsds3 Udprdsdktnmjýk gd `ecdt`s qud sýh` sd gjbdrdkmjnk dk hns gjadksj`kds. Gjeuc` gd `bdrtns, gd pdgjg`, gd rdmdpmjýk3 Udprdsdktnmj`kds gdstjkngns n hns bukmj`kds adkmj`kngns.

H`s B`rant`s gd Gjeuc` y su nrmljvng`.

]d hhnan B`rant` n hn hnajkn gd pnpdh u `trn sustnkmjn (vdodtnh, p`hjêstdr...) muy` tnanþ`, gjadksj`kds y aîrodkds dstn k`ranhjzng`. Hns gjadksj`kds gd h`s B`rant`s sd dkmudktrnk k`ranhjzng`s p`r hns k`rans TKD >9>> y GJK , 5, = ý 7, sdoók dh tnanþ`). Dcdaph`3 GJK N= Jkgjmn dh b`rant` sdoók hn k`ran GJK dh tnanþ` ds uk N=, qud ds 759 aa gd nkml` y 5:? aa gd nht`. ]dadcnkzn

W`g`s h`s b`rant`s s`k sdadcnktds dktrd sá. Hn rdhnmjýk gd dh hng` any`r y dh hng` adk`r ds jounh qud hn gdh hng` gdh mungrng` n su gjno`knh. M`k h` qud hn rdhnmjýk gd nae`s hng`s ds3 \ 3 Z 1 > 3 Ò5

Wjp`s gd B`rant`s

W`g`s h`s b`rant`s sd `etjdkdk g`ehnkg` dk g`s dh nktdrj`r. ]drjd prjkmjpnh TKD >9>> y GJK 7?2

 

H`s b`rant`s gd hn sdrjd prjkmjpnh sd gdk`ajknk p`r hn hdtrn N y sdoujg` gd uk kuadr`. Dst`s kóadr`s s`k m`rrdhntjv`s dktrd sá. N m`ktjkunmjýk sd jkgjmnk nhouk`s gd h`s b`rant`s ans utjhjzng`s3

B`rant` Nkml` gd TKD Hnajkns Hnajkn r`hh` >9>> M`rtngns dk Erut` utjhjznehd ]drjd N N9

x >>7>7

M9

:>? x >5:?

E>

?9? x >999

M>

27< x :>?

E5

499 x ?9?

M5

74< x 27<

E=

=4= x 499

M=

=57 x 74<

E7

549 x =4=

M7

55: x =57

Yhdong` gd Yhnk`s

H`s phnk`s any`rds nh N7 sd rdgumdk n dstd tnanþ` p`r adgj` gdh phdong`. H`s `rjojknhds k` sd g`ehnk kukmn, dst` sd gded n qud sj qujdrds rdnhjznr m`pjns gdh `rjojknh k` td snhonk m`k anrmns gd phdong`.  K`rans odkdrnhds gd phdong`3

 Dh Mncdták gded qudgnr dk hn pnrtd nktdrj`r gdh phdong` y vdrsd pdrbdmtnadktd.  Ynrn dh phdong` sd anrmn ukn nkmlurn aîxjan gd 5>9 aa y ukn nhturn aîxjan gd 5:? aa.  Dh prjadr g`ehng` sdrî lnmjn hn jzqujdrgn y dh sdoukg` g`ehng` lnmjn ntrîs. Dh rdst` gd g`ehdmds vdrtjmnhds sd lnmdk nhtdrkntjvnadktd, uk` lnmjn hn gdrdmln y `tr` lnmjn hn jzqujdrgn, m`adkznkg` p`r dh hng` gdh mncdták.    Nrmljvng` y m`ksdrvnmjýk gd Yhnk`s.

 

Dh nrmljvng` gd phnk`s ds ukn gd hns pnrtds ans jap`rtnktds gdh gjeuc` jkgustrjnh. H`s phnk`s lnk gd dstnr snhvnounrgng`s pnrn buturns `erns qud sd qujdrnk rdnhjznr y qud pudgnk m`rrdsp`kgdr n hn `ern `rjojknh. Aumlns vdmds s`h` vnhdk gd `rjdktnmjýk, pdr` `trns vdmds m`rrdsp`kgd n ukn m`pjn dxnmtn gd hn `ern nktjoun. Dh pnpdh k`ranhadktd utjhjzng` pnrn dh nrmljvng` sudhd sdr dh pnpdh vdodtnh, nukqud nl`rn sd dstn utjhjznkg` dh pnpdh gd p`hjêstdr. Hn vdktncn gdh pnpdh gd p`hjêstdr rdspdmt` nh vdodtnh ds su gurdzn, ajdktrns qud dh vdodtnh r`apd nh aákja` dsbudrz`, dh p`hjêstdr k` sd r`apd sj k` sd hd nphjmnk ldrrnajdktns pukznktds ` budo`. ]jk daenro` su ornk gdsvdktncn (hn gdh p`hjêstdr) ds su prdmj`, auml` aîs mnr` qud dh pnpdh vdodtnh. Hns k`rans J]@

Hn J]@ (Jktdrkntj`knh ]tnkgnrjzntj`k @ronkjzntj`k) ds hn dktjgng jktdrknmj`knh dkmnrongn gd bnv`rdmdr hn k`ranhjznmjýk dk dh aukg`. M`k sdgd dk Ojkdern, ds ukn bdgdrnmjýk gd `ronkjsa`s knmj`knhds, êst`s, n su vdz, s`k `bjmjkns gd k`ranhjznmjýk qud nmtunk gd gdhdongns dk mngn pnás, m`a` p`r dcdaph`3 NDK@U dk Dspnþn, NBK@U dk Brnkmjn, GJK dk Nhdankjn, dtm. m`k m`ajtês têmkjm`s qud hhdvnk n têrajk` hns k`rans. ]d mrdý pnrn gnr aîs dbjmnmjn n hns k`rans knmj`knhds. °^uê ds ukn k`ran0 

Hns k`rans s`k uk a`gdh`, uk pntrýk, dcdaph` ` mrjtdrj` n sdoujr. Tkn k`ran ds ukn býrauhn qud tjdkd vnh`r gd rdohn y tjdkd p`r bjknhjgng gdbjkjr hns mnrdmtdrástjmns qud gded p`sddr uk `ecdt` y h`s pr`gumt`s qud lnk gd tdkdr ukn m`apntjejhjgng pnrn sdr usng`s n kjvdh jktdrknmj`knh. Y`kona`s, p`r dcdaph`, dh pr`ehdan qud `mnsj`kn n auml`s usunrj`s h`s gjstjkt`s a`gdh`s gd dkmlubds qud dxjstdk n dsmnhn jktdrknmj`knh pnrn p`gdr nm`phnr pdqudþns aîqujkns gd us` pdrs`knh3 sdmng`rds gd mnedhh`, aîqujkns gd nbdjtnr, dtm. munkg` sd vjncn. Hn jkm`apntjejhjgng rdpdrmutd dk auml`s mnap`s. Hn k`ranhjznmjýk gd h`s pr`gumt`s ds, puds, jap`rtnktd. Hn bjknhjgng prjkmjpnh gd hns k`rans J]@ ds `rjdktnr, m``rgjknr, sjaphjbjmnr y ukjbjmnr h`s us`s pnrn m`ksdoujr adk`rds m`stds y dbdmtjvjgng.

 

Wjdkd vnh`r jkgjmntjv` y gd ouán. Nmtunhadktd su us` sd vn dxtdkgjdkg` y lny uk ornk jktdrês dk sdoujr hns k`rans dxjstdktds p`rqud gdsgd dh pukt` gd vjstn dm`kýajm` rdgumd m`stds, tjdap` y trnenc`. Mrjtdrj`s gd dbjmnmjn y gd mnpnmjgng gd rdspudstn n h`s mnaej`s. Y`r ds`, hns k`rans qud prdsdktda`s, gdh mnap` gd hn jkb`ranmjýk y g`muadktnmjýk, s`k gd ornk utjhjgng p`rqud gnk rdspudstn nh rdt` gd hns kudvns tdmk`h`ojns Wjp`h`oán gd k`rans

Hns k`rans pudgdk sdr munktjtntjvns (k`rans gd gjadksjýk, p`r dc. hns GJK-N, dtm) j munhjtntjvns (hns :999 gd munhjgng, dtm.) H`s mnap`s gd nphjmnmjýk s`k naphj`s y dk dh îaejt` gd hn jkb`ranmjýk mjdktábjmn y têmkjmn ds tnaejêk auy jap`rtnktd. Hns k`rans dk dh mnap` gd hn jkb`ranmjýk y g`muadktnmjýk qud prdsdktna`s s`k ótjhds pnrn hn rdgnmmjýk gd hns Udbdrdkmjns ejehj`orîbjmns .J]@. K`rad jktdrkntj`knh J]@ 2:9 (B). G`muadktntj`k Uêbêrdkmds ejehj`ornpljquds- m`ktdku, b`rad dt strumturd . 5n

dg. Odkìvd3 J]@, >: