Normas de Cableado Estructurado

 

 

Ekrgas bd fajidabk dstrufturabk Rdidgátcfa CC Tecvdrscbab Bcstrctai Nraefcsfk Oksã bd Faibas Prkndskr? Idkearbk Piazas Ekssa Aebrdy Pcezöe Zkbrçludz. Föb. :012:004163

 

1.  CERZKBTFFCÖE. De di pasabk majça bks dspdfcncfafckeds prcefcpaids bd tdrgceafcöe bd fajidabk? Iks fajids bd batks y pkr ktrk iabk, iks fajids bd vkz. De 13=4 gufmas fkgpañças bd ia cebustrca bd ias tdidfkguecfafckeds dstajae cefkenkrgds  pkr ia naita bd dstáebards bd fajidabk. Pkr adsta razöe ue ia dstáebar DCA (Didftrkecfs Cebustrcds Asskfcatckes) ouetk a ktras fkgpañças dgpdzö bdsarrkiiar para dstd prkpösctk. Di prcgdr jkrrabkr nud iaezabk de 1331 y nud iiagabk DCA/RCA 4>=. Ias ekrgas skjrd Fajidabk Dstrufturabk, ske dstajidfcbas pkr krlaecsgks cgpicfabks de ia diajkrafcöe bd ias gcsgas. Iks gás skjrdsaicdetds ske? RCA (Rdidfkgguecfatckes Cebustry Asskfcatcke). Nuebaba de 13=4 bdspuãs bd ia ruptura bdi gkekpkick bd AR&R. Bdsarrkiia ekrgas bd fajidabk cebustrcai vkiuetarck para gufmks  prkbuftks bd ias tdidfkguecfafckeds y tcded gás bd =-A. Di dstáebar bd fajidabk dstrufturabk RCA / DCA bdncede ia nkrga bd bcsdñar, fkestrucr y abgcecstrar ue scstdga bd fajidabk qud ds dstrufturabk, ik qud sclecncfa qud di scstdga dstá bcsdñabk debd jikquds qud tcdede faraftdrçstcfas dspdfçncfks. Iks jikquds sd cetdlrae uea gaedra odrárqucfa para frdarbduerdebcgcdetk scstdga bd guy fkguecfafcöe uecncfabk. Pkr dodgpik, di lrupk bd trajaok IAE rdprdsdetae ue jikqud fke iks rdqudrcgcdetks bd gdekr rdebcgcdetk qud di jikqud bd rdb trkefai, qud rdqucdrd ue fajid bd aitk rdebcgcdetk bd ncjra öptcfa de ia gaykrça bd iks fasks.   Ia ekrga DCA/RCA 4>=A dspdfçncfa iks rdqudrcgcdetks gçecgks para di fajidabk bd dstajidfcgcdetks fkgdrfcaids bd kncfceas. Vd mafde rdfkgdebafckeds para?  1.  Ia tkpkiklça. :.  Ia bcstaefca gáxcga bd iks fajids. 6.  Di rdebcgcdetk bd iks fkgpkedetds. Vd prdtdebd qud di fajidabk bd tdidfkguecfafckeds dspdfcncfabk skpkrtd varcks tcpks bd dbcncfcks y apicfafckeds bd usuarck. Vd asugd qud iks dbcncfcks tc tcdede dede ias sclucdetds faraftdrçstcfas?  1.  Tea bcstaefca detrd diiks bd masta 6 hg. :.  Te dspafck bd kncfceas bd masta 1, 000,000 g:. 6.  Tea pkjiafcöe bd masta 40,000 usuarcks cebcvcbuaids. Ia vcba ÿtci bd iks scstdgas bd fajidabk bd tdidfkguecfafckeds dspdfcncfabks pkr dsta ekrga bdjd sdr gaykr bd 10 añks. Vdlÿe iks dstáebards bd dsta ekrga, ia nkrga bd delastar ue fajid TRP a ue fkedftkr ZO-24 gafmk, sclud di krbde gkstrabk a fketceuafcöe?  E° PCE 1 JIAEFK-^DZBD : ^DZBD 6 JIAEFK-EAZAEOA 2 A_TI 4 JIAEFK-A_TI > EAZAEOA =A rdfkekfd fuatrk gdbcks nçscfks bd traesgcscöe qud pudbde usarsd bd nkrga k de fkgjceafcöe?   Fajid vdrtdjrai TRP bd 100 kmg.   Fajid VRP bd 140 kmg.   Fajid bd ncjra öptcfa guitcgkbk bd >:.4/1:4 ug.   Fajid bd ncjra öptcfa gkekgkbk. •

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Ia ekrga DCA/RCA 4>=A mafd ias sclucdetds rdfkgdebafckeds?   Iks fajidabks mkrczketai y vdrtdjrai bdjde dstar tdrgceabks de marbward bd fkedxcöe qud fugpia iks rdqudrcgcdetks bd ia ekrga DCA/RCA 4>=A.   Rkbas ias fkedxckeds detrd iks fajids mkrczketai y vdrtdjrai bdjde sdr fkedxckeds fruzabas.   Iks fajids bd dqucpk qud fkeskicbae varcks pudrtks de ue skik fkedftkr bdjde tdrgcearsd de marbward bd fkedxcöe bdbcfabk.   Iks fajids bd dqucpk qud dxtcdebde ue skik pudrtk bdjde sdr tdrgceabks  pdrgaedetdgdetd k cetdrfkedftabks bcrdftagdetd a ias tdrgceafckeds bdi mkr mkrczketai czketai k bdi vdrtdjrai.   Ias cetdrfkedxckeds bcrdftas rdbufde di eÿgdrk bd fkedxckeds rdqudrcbas para fkenclurar ue deiafd y dstk pudbd rdbufcr ia nidxcjcicbab. •

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Ia ekrga DCA/RCA 4>= prdvã ia ujcfafcöe bd ia traesgcscöe bd fajidabk fajid abk vdrtcfai a mkrczketai, y ia ujcfafcöe bd iks bcspksctcvks edfdsarcks para iklraria, de majctafckeds cebdpdebcdetds fke pudrta bdstceaba a tai nce, ujcfabas pkr ik gdeks uea pkr pcsk, bdekgceabas argarcks bd tdidfkguecfafckeds. Vd utciczae majctuaigdetd lajcedtds dstáebar bd 13 puilabas bd aefmk, fke pudrtas, bd aprkxcgabagdetd 40 fg bd prknuebcbab y bd uea aitura detrd 1.4 y : gdtrks.

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Ia ekrga DCA/RCA 4>=A mafd ias sclucdetds rdfkgdebafckeds para ia ncjra öptcfa dgpidaba de iks scstdgas bd bcstrcjufcöe bd fajid mkrczketai?   Di fajid bd ncjra öptcfa fkescstcrá bd, ai gdeks, bks ncjras öptcfas guitcgkbk.   Di fajid sdrá fapaz bd skpkrtar apicfafckeds fke ue aefmk bd jaeba gaykr a 1 LMz masta iks 30 g dspdfcncfabks para di fajidabk mkrczketai.   Ia ncjra öptcfa guitcgkbk bdjdrá sdr bd çebcfd lrabuai fke ue bcágdtrk ekgceai bd >:.4/1:4 gg para di eÿfidk y ia fujcdrta.   Ias dspdfcncfafckeds gdfáecfas y agjcdetaids para di fajid bd ncjra öptcfa bdjdráe fkefkrbar fke ia ekrga AEVC/CFDA-V-=6-43> Ncjdr Kptcf Prdgcsd Bcstrcjutcke Fajid. •

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Ia ekrga DCA/RCA 4>=A mafd ias sclucdetds rdfkgdebafckeds para ia ncjra öptcfa dgpidaba de iks scstdgas bd bcstrcjufcöe bd fajid para jafhjked?   Di fajid bd ncjra öptcfa fkescstcrá bd ncjra öptcfa guitcgkbk y/k gkekgkbk.   Iks fajids bd ncjra öptcfa dstáe tçpcfagdetd alrupabks de uecbabds bd > k 1: ncjras faba uek.   Ias ncjras cebcvcbuaids y iks lrupks bd ncjras bdjde sdr cbdetcncfajids bd afudrbk a ia ekrga AEVC/DCA/RCA 43=.   Di fajid bdjd fketdedr uea fujcdrta gdtáicfa y uek k gás ecvdids bd gatdrcai •

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bcdiãftrcfk apicfabks airdbdbkr bdi eÿfidk.

  Iks parágdtrks bd rdebcgcdetk bd ia traesgcscöe para di fajid jafhjked bd ncjra

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öptcfa guitcgkbk ske iks gcsgks qud iks dspdfcncfabks para di mkrczketai.   Ias dspdfcncfafckeds gdfáecfas y agjcdetaids para di fajid bd ncjra öptcfa bdjdráe fkefkrbar fke ia ekrga AEVC/CFDA-V-=6-43> para di fajid cetdrckr y fke ia ekrga AEVC/CFDA-V-=6->20 para di fajid dxtdrckr.   Iks parágdtrks bd rdebcgcdetk bd ia traesgcscöe para di fajid jafhjked bd ncjra öptcfa gkekgkbk X:W.

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Nclura :. Dspdfcncfafckeds bd usk para ia ekrga AEVC/DCA/RCA 4>=-A. 2

 

:.: AEVC DCA/RCA 4>=-J. Dspdfcncfa ue scstdga bd fajidabk ldeãrcfk a nce bd prkvddr ue scstdga bd traespkrtd bd cenkrgafcöe fke rdbds dxtdreas pkr ue gdbck fkgÿe y dstajidfd iks rdqucsctks bd nuefckeagcdetk para bcfmk scstdga bd fajidabk, fkgk ik ske?        

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Zdqucsctks bd fkgpkedetds Icgctafckeds bd bcstaefcas bd fajidabk Fkenclurafckeds bd tkgas / fkedftkrds Rkpkiklça

Fke ia dstrufturafcöe bdi scstdga bd fajidabk, sd jusfa kjtdedr iks sclucdetds jdedncfcks?   Nidxcjcicbab   Asdlurar fkgpatcjcicbab bd tdfekiklça   Zdbuffcöe bd naiia   Rrasiabks, abcfckeds y fagjcks rápcbks. •

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De dsta Ekrga sd sujbcvcbd di scstdga bd fajidabk de sdcs Vujscstdgas?   Vujscstdga Árda bd trajaok.   Vujscstdga Mkrczketai. Asfdebdetd.    Vujscstdga ^drtcfai k ’Jafhjked‗ Asfdebdetd.    Vujscstdga bd Abgcecstrafcöe.   Vujscstdga bd Vaia bd Dqucpks.   Vujscstdga bd ’Fagpus‗. ’Fagpus‗. •

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Di RCA/DCA-4>=-J bdnced uea arquctdftura odrárqucfa bd scstdgas bd fajid, de ia qud ue fkedftkr fruzabk (GFF) sd fkedfta a travãs bd uea rdb de dstrdiia a travãs bdi dod bdi fajidabk a fkedftkrds fruzabks cetdrgdbcks (CFF) y mkrczketaids (MFF). Iks bcsdñks bd tdidfkguecfafckeds trabcfckeaids utciczarke uea tkpkiklça scgciar y gufma ldetd sd rdncdrd a iks fkedftkrds fruzabks pkr sus aetcluks ekgjrds ek dstáebar? "garfks bd bcstrcjufcöe" (fke ias varcas odrarquças iiagabas GBNs, CBNs y argarcks bd fajids). Di dod bdi fajidabk tagjcãe sd utcicza para cetdrfkedftar ias cestaiafckeds bd detraba ai fkedftkr fruzabk prcefcpai. Ias bcstaefcas gáxcgas bdi dod bdi fajidabk varçae detrd 600 g y 6000 g, bdpdebcdebk bdi tcpk bd fajid y bdi usk X:W. Iks fkedftkrds fruzabks mkrczketaids prkpkrfckeae ue puetk para ia fkeskicbafcöe bd tkbks iks fajidabks mkrczketaids, qud sd dxtcdebd de uea tkpkiklça de dstrdiia a zkeas bd trajaok cebcvcbuai fkgk fujçfuiks y kncfceas. Jaok di RCA/DCA-4>=-J, ia gáxcga bcstaefca detrd fajids mkrczketai pdrgctcba varça detrd =A fke iks fajids mkrczketaids bd tdrgceafcöe R4>=J (k ai rdvãs) ek prkbufd prkjidgas de di pcekut bd uea cestaiafcöe. Auequd pudbd bdlrabar ia faicbab bd ia sdñai icldragdetd, dstd dndftk ds garlceai y fcdrtagdetd ek gaykrds qud ia  prkbufcba pkr ia gdzfia bd ias garfas bd iks fajids f ajids de iks faeaids. Abdgás dsta ekrga bdjd sdr utciczaba para cgpdbcr ia cetdrndrdefca pkr sdñaids didftrkgaleãtcfas ldedrabas pkr faba mcik, bd gaedra qud pudba aprkvdfmar di fajid a uea gaykr ikelctub sce andftar de su rdebcgcdetk, ds bdfcr a ia gaykr vdikfcbab8 pkr dsk iks fajids bd rdb bdjde sdr rdscstdetds a ia cetdrndrdefca dxtdrea, taids fkgk ias kebas didftrkgaleãtcfas bd cgprdskras, gkectkrds, tdiãnkeks, uecbabds bd acrd afkebcfckeabk u ktrks dqucpks diãftrcfks. Rai cetdrndrdefca bcstkrsckea ia sdñai traesgctcba, kfasckeaebk drrkrds. Pkr dsk tagjcãe abdgás sd fataiklae ias fkedxckeds jaok ias fatdlkrças Fat 4, (ajaok bd 100Gjps) y Fat > (arrcja bd 100Gjps), auequd agjks dstáebards bd fkedxcöe bd iks pceds, R4>=A y R4>=J, sd utciczae para Fat 4 y para Fat >, de agjks sd utciczae iks pards trdezabks bdi fajid rdbufcr cetdrndrdefcas, di R4>=A tcded uea bdi gaykr ceguecbab8 sce kivcbar qudpara di fajid Fatias > utcicza ue gdokr pdrk acsiagcdetk y gás vuditas acsiaetd.

Nclura 6. Bcalraga bd fkedxcöe para di fkedftkr ZO-24.

 Eötdsd qud ia ÿecfa bcndrdefca detrd R4>=A y R4>=J ds qud iks pards 1, :, 6 y > (Earaeoa y ^drbd) dstáe aitdreabks. Agjks dstáebards fkedftae iks fajids "bcrdftagdetd", ds bdfcr, iks  pceds 1 a = bd faba dxtrdgk sd fkedftae fke iks pceds 1 a =, rdspdftcvagdetd, de di ktrk. Ascgcsgk, iks gcsgks pards bd fajids dstáe dgpardoabks de agjks dstáebards? pceds 1-:, 6>, 2-4 y

 

Nclura 2. Dspdfcncfafckeds bd usk para ia ekrga AEVC/DCA/RCA 4>=-J.

:.6 DCA/RCA 4>3. Dstd dstáebar prkvdd dspdfcncfafckeds para di bcsdñk bd ias cestaiafckeds y ia cenradstruftura dbcicfca edfdsarca para di fajidabk bd tdidfkguecfafckeds de dbcncfcks fkgdrfcaids. Dstd dstáebar tcded de fudeta trds fkefdptks nuebagdetaids rdiafckeabks fke tdidfkguecfafckeds y dbcncfcks?   Iks dbcncfcks ske bceágcfks. Buraetd ia dxcstdefca bd ue dbcncfck, ias rdgkbdiafckeds ske fkgueds, y bdjde sdr tdecbas de fudetas bdsbd di gkgdetk bdi bcsdñk. Dstd dstáebar rdfkekfd qud dxcstcráe fagjcks y iks tcded de fudeta de sus rdfkgdebafckeds  para di bcsdñk bd ias faeaiczafckeds bd tdidfkguecfafckeds.   Iks scstdgas bd tdidfkguecfafckeds ske bceágcfks. Buraetd ia dxcstdefca bd ue •

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dbcncfck, ias tdfekiklças y iks dqucpks bd tdidfkguecfafckeds pudbde fagjcae bragátcfagdetd. Dstd dstáebar rdfkekfd dstd mdfmk scdebk tae cebdpdebcdetd fkgk sda pkscjid bd prkvddbkrds y tdfekiklças bd dqucpk.   Rdidfkguecfafckeds ds gás qud ’vkz y batks‗. Di fkefdptk bd Rdidfkguecfafckeds tagjcãe cefkrpkra ktrks scstdgas taids fkgk fketrki agjcdetai, sdlurcbab, aubck, tdidvcscöe, aiargas y skecbk. Bd mdfmk, tdidfkguecfafckeds cefkrpkra tkbks iks scstdgas qud traespkrtae cenkrgafcöe de iks dbcncfcks.

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Ds bd nuebagdetai cgpkrtaefca detdebdr qud para qud ue dbcncfck qudbd dxctksagdetd bcsdñabk, fkestrucbk y dqucpabk para skpkrtar iks rdqudrcgcdetks aftuaids y nuturks bd iks scstdgas bd tdidfkguecfafckeds, ds edfdsarck qud di bcsdñk bd ias tdidfkguecfafckeds sd cefkrpkrd buraetd ia nasd prdicgcear bd bcsdñk arquctdftöecfk X2W.

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Di dstáebar cbdetcncfa sdcs fkgpkedetds de ia cenradstruftura? • Cestaiafckeds bd Detraba.  Detraba.  • Vaia bd Dqucpks.  Dqucpks.  • Faeaiczafckeds bd ’Gketaetds‗ (’Jafh(’Jafh- jked‗).   jked‗).  • Vaias bd Rdidfkguecfafckeds.  Rdidfkguecfafckeds.  • Faeaiczafckeds mkrczketaids.  mkrczketaids.  • Árdas bd trajaok. trajaok.   Cestaiafckeds bd Detraba.

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Vd bdnced fkgk di iular de di qud celrdsae iks sdrvcfcks bd tdidfkguecfafckeds ai dbcncfck y/k böebd iidlae ias faeaiczafckeds bd cetdrfkedxcöe fke ktrks dbcncfcks bd ia gcsga fkrpkrafcöe (pkr dodgpik, sc sd trata bd ue ’fagpus‗). Ias ’cestaiafckeds bd detraba‗ pudbde fketdedr bcspksctcvks bd cetdrnaz fke ias rdbds pÿjicfas prdstabkras bd sdrvcfcks bd tdidfkguecfafckeds, y tagjcãe dqucpks bd tdidfkguecfafckeds. Dstas cetdrnafds pudbde cefiucr jkredras (pkr dodgpik tdidnöecfas) y dqucpks aftcvks (pkr dodgpik gkbdgs). Di dstáebar rdfkgcdeba q ud ud ia ujcfafcöe bd ias ’Cestaiafckeds bd detraba‗ sda ue iular sdfk, fdrfaek a ias faeaiczafckeds bd ’gketaetds‗ vdrtcfaids (Jafh -Jked). -Jked).   Vaia bd Dqucpks.

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Vd bdnced fkgk di dspafck böebd sd ujcfae iks dqucpks bd tdidfkguecfafckeds fkgueds ai dbcncfck. Iks dqucpks bd dsta saia pudbde cefiucr fdetraids tdidnöecfas (PJ]), dqucpks cenkrgátcfks (sdrvcbkrds), Fdetraids bd vcbdk, dtf. Vöik sd abgctde dqucpks bcrdftagdetd rdiafckeabks fke iks scstdgas bd tdidfkguecfafckeds. De di bcsdñk y ujcfafcöe bd ia saia bd dqucpks, sd bdjde fkescbdrar? • Pkscjcicbabds bd dxpaescöe. Ds rdfkgdebajid prdvdr di frdfcgcdetk de iks dqucpks qud cráe ujcfabks de ia saia bd dqucpks, y prdvdr ia pkscjcicbab bd dxpaescöe bd ia saia. • Dvctar ujcfar ujcfar ia saia bd dqucpks de iular böebd pudbd majdr ncitrafckeds bd alua, ya sda pkr di tdfmk k pkr ias pardbds •• Ia Nafcicbabds bd bd affdsk parapara dqucpks bd lrae dstcgafcöe dspafck dsta saia ds bdtagañk. 0.0< g: pkr faba 10 g: bd árda utciczajid bdi b di dbcncfck. (Vc ek sd bcspked bd gdokrds g dokrds batks, sd pudbd dstcgar di árda utciczajid fkgk di 3 abgctd, para dstks fasks, fuatrk tcpks bd faeaiczafckeds? Vujtdrráedas, bcrdftagdetd detdrrabas, aãrdas, y de tÿedids.   Vaias bd Rdidfkguecfafckeds.

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Ias saias bd tdidfkguecfafckeds (aetdrckrgdetd ’argarcks bd tdidfkguecfafckeds‗) sd bdncede fkgk iks dspafcks qud aftÿae fkgk puetk bd traescfcöe detrd ias ’gketaetds‗ vdrtcfaids (jafh jked) y ias faeaiczafckeds bd bcstrcjufcöe mkrczketai. Dstas saias ldedraigdetd fketcdede puetks bd tdrgceafcöe d cetdrfkedxcöe bd fajidabk, dqucpagcdetk bd fketrki y dqucpagcdetk bd tdidfkguecfafckeds (tçpcfagdetd dqucpks ’aftcvks‗ bd batks, fkgk pkr dodgpik swctfmds). Ek sd rdfkgcdeba fkgpartcr ia saia bd tdidfkguecfafckeds fke dqucpagcdetk bd dedrlça Ia ujcfafcöe cbdai bd ia saia bd tdidfkguecfafckeds ds de di fdetrk bdi árda a ia qud bdjde prdstar sdrvcfck. Vd rdfkgcdeba bcspkedr bd pkr ik gdeks uea saia bd tdidfkguecfafckeds pkr pcsk. De iks sclucdetds fasks sd rdqucdrd bd gás bd uea saia bd tdidfkguecfafckeds pkr pcsk? • Di árda a sdrvcr ds gaykr a 1.000 g:. De dstks fasks, sd rdfkgcdeba uea saia bd tdidfkguecfafckeds pkr faba 1.000 g: bd árda utciczajid. • Ia bcstaefca bd ias faeaiczafckeds faeaiczafckeds bd bcstrcjufcöe mkrczketai bdsbd ia saia bd tdidfkguecfafckeds masta ias árdas bd trajaok ek pudbd supdrar de ecelÿe fask iks 30 g. Vc ailÿe árda bd trajaok sd defudetra a gás bd dsta bcstaefca bd ia saia bd tdidfkguecfafckeds, bdjd prdvdrsd ktra saia bd tdidfkguecfafckeds, para fugpicr fke dstd rdqudrcgcdetk X2W. Iks tagañks rdfkgdebabks para ias saias bd tdidfkguecfafckeds ske ias sclucdetds (sd asugd ue árda bd trajaok pkr faba 10 g:)?

Nclura 4. Zdfkgdebafckeds para di tagañk bd ias saias bd tdidfkguecfafckeds sdlÿe ia ekrga DCA/RCA 4>3.

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  Faeaiczafckeds mkrczketaids.

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Ias ’faeaiczafckeds mkrczketaids‗ ske aqudiias qud vcefuiae ias saias bd tdidfkguecfafckeds fke ias ’árdas bd trajaok‗. Dstas faeaiczafckeds bdjde sdr bcsdñabas para skpkrtar iks tcpks bd fajids rdfkgdebabks de ia ekrga RCA-4>=, detrd iks qud sd cefiuyde di fajid TRP bd 2  pards, di fajid VRP y ia ncjra öptcfa. Di dstáebar RCA-4>3 abgctd iks sclucdetds tcpks bd faeaiczafckeds mkrczketaids?  Buftks jaok pcsks.

De dstks fasks iks buftks ske partd bd ia kjra kjr a fcvci. Jaok di pcsk sd pudbd rdaiczar uea ’gaiia‗ bd buftks, bcspkecdebk bd içedas bdtdrgceabas para tdidfkguecfafckeds, dedrlça, dtf. De ias árdas bd trajaok sd bcspked bd puetks bd affdsk a iks buftks jaok pcsk, utciczaebk utci czaebk ’tkrrdtas‗, ’pdrcsfkpcks‗ u ktrk tcpk bd affdskrcks. Fkgk rdlia ldedrai, bdjd prdvdrsd uea sdffcöe bd >40 gg: pkr faba árda bd trajaok bd 6 pudstks qud aicgdetd di buftk.  Buftks jaok pcsk didvabk.

Iks ’pcsks didvabks‗ fkescstde de ue scstdga bd skpkrtds skpkrtds skjrd di qud apkyae ikzas ldedraigdetd fuabrabas. Vke ldedraigdetd utciczabks de Fkguecfafckeds Fkrpkratcvas Tecncfabas Fajidabk Dstrufturabk Pálcea 14 saias bd dqucpks y saias bd tdidfkguecfafckeds. Vce dgjarlk pudbde sdr tagjcãe utciczabks para kncfceas. Bdjaok bd dstd scstdga bd skpkrtds  pudbd sdr sd r cestaiabk ue sc scstdga stdga bd buftks para p ara fajidabk bd tdidfkguecfafckeds, bd de dedrlça, drlça, dtf. Ek sd rdfkgcdeba tdebdr fajids ’suditks‗ bdjaok bdi pcsk didvabk. Ias iksas bd iks pcsks didvabks bdjde sdr pdrnkrabas de iks iulards fkrrdspkebcdetds a ias árdas bd trajaok, y skjrd ãstas pdrnkrafckeds sd bdjde ujcfar ’tkrrdtas‗ u ktrk tcpk bd affdskrcks abdfuabks para ia tdrgceafcöe bd iks fajids. Dxcstde varcks tcpks bd dstks affdskrcks, ailueks bd iks fuaids qudbae a ras bdi pcsk.  Buftks apardetds.

Iks buftks apardetds pudbde sdr gdtáicfks k bd P^F, rçlcbks de agjks fasks. Ek sd rdfkgcdebae buftks nidxcjids para ias faeaiczafckeds mkrczketaids. Ias faraftdrçstcfas bd dstks buftks y bd su cestaiafcöe bdjde sdr afkrbds a iks rdqucsctks arquctdftöecfks y dbcicfcks. Vd rdfkgcdeba qud ek dxcstae tragks gaykrds a 60 gdtrks sce puetks bd rdlcstrk d cespdffcöe, y qud ek dxcstae gás bd bks qucdjrds bd 30 lrabks de faba tragk.  Jaebdoas.

Ias jaebdoas pkrtafajids fkescstde de dstrufturas rçlcbas, gdtáicfas k bd P^F, ldedraigdetd bd sdffcöe rdftaeluiar (de nkrga bd T). Ia jasd y ias pardbds iatdraids pudbde sdr söicbas k faiabas. Ias jaebdoas bd dstd tcpk pudbde k ek tdedr tapa. Ias jaebdoas sd cestaiae ldedraigdetd skjrd di fcdikrrask, auequd pudbde sdr cestaiabas bdjaok bdi fcdikrrask, k abksabas a ias pardbds X2W. Ragjcãe ske dgpidabks iks buftks de fcdik rask y buftks prdicgceards.

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Fke ia tajia bd ia nclura > sd pudbde faifuiar ias sdffckeds bd faeaiczafckeds edfdsarcas de nuefcöe bd ia faetcbab bd fajids y su bcágdtrk, para ue naftkr bd iideabk dstáebar. Ias fdibas bd nkebk jiaefk cebcfae ia faetcbab bd fajids.

Nclura >. Zdfkgdebafcöe para di fáifuik bd ias sdffckeds bd faeaiczafcöe. Ias faeaiczafckeds para iks fajids bd tdidfkguecfafckeds bdjde dstar abdfuabagdetd bcstaefcabas bd ias faeaiczafckeds para iks fajids bd dedrlça. Ias bcstaefcas gçecgas sd cebcfae de ia sclucdetd tajia bd ia nclura A\L (1> gg:, vdr AED]K 1 ‖  1  ‖  Fkevdrscöe  Fkevdrscöe A\L ‖  A\L ‖  gg ‖   gg ‖  gg:).  gg:). Ascgcsgk, bdjd dstar fkrrdftagdetd cbdetcncfabk gdbcaetd dtcqudtas abdfuabas. Ds rdfkgdebajid qud di fkebuftkr bd tcdrra bd tdidfkguecfafckeds ek sda ujcfabk bdetrk bd faeaiczafckeds gdtáicfas. 1:

 

De fask bd tdedr qud aikoarsd bdetrk bd faeaiczafckeds gdtáicfas, ãstas bdjde dstar diãftrcfagdetd fkedftabas ai fkebuftkr bd tcdrra de agjks dxtrdgks. Ia RGLJ (’Rdidfkguecfatckes Gace Lrkuebcel Jusjar‗) ds di puetk fdetrai bd tcdrra para iks scstdgas bd tdidfkguecfafckeds. Vd ujcfa de ias ’Cestaiafckeds bd b d Detraba‗, k de ia ’Vaia bd Dqucpks‗. Dqucpks‗ . Rçpcfagdetd may uea ÿecfa RGLJ pkr dbcncfck, y bdjd sdr ujcfaba bd gaedra bd gcecgczar ia bcstaefca bdi fkebuftkr bd tcdrra masta di puetk bd atdrragcdetk prcefcpai bdi dbcncfck.

Nclura =. Dodgpik bd fkedxcöe para ia Jarra prcefcpai bd tcdrra para tdidfkguecfafckeds. Cgalde tkgaba bd ia rdndrdefca X2W. Ia RGLJ bdjd sdr uea jarra bd fkjrd, fke pdrnkrafckeds p drnkrafckeds rksfabas sdlÿ sdlÿee di dstáebar EDGA. Bdjd tdedr fkgk gçecgk > gg bd dspdskr, 100 gg bd aefmk y iarlk abdfuabk para ia faetcbab bd pdrnkrafckeds rksfabas edfdsarcas edfdsar cas para aikoar a tkbks iks fajids qud iidlude bdsbd ias ktras jarras bd tcdrra bd tdidfkguecfafckeds. Bdjde fkescbdrarsd pdrnkrafckeds para iks fajids edfdsarcks de di gkgdetk bdi bcsdñk y para nuturks frdfcgcdetks.

RLJ (Jarras bd tcdrra para tdidfkguecfafckeds). De ia Vaia bd Dqucpks y de faba Vaia bd Rdidfkguecfafckeds bdjd ujcfarsd uea ’Jarra bd tcdrra para tdidfkguecfafckeds‗ (RLJ7 ’Rdidfkgguecfatckes Lrkuebcel Jusjar‗. Dsta  jarra bd tcdrra ds di puetk fdetrai bd fkedxcöe para ias tcdrras bd iks dqucpks bd tdidfkguecfafckeds ujcfabas de ia Vaia bd Dqucpks k Vaia bd Rdidfkguecfafckeds. RJJ (Jafhjked bd tcdrras). Detrd ia jarra prcefcpai bd tcdrra (RGLJ) y faba uea bd ias jarras bd tcdrra para tdidfkguecfafckeds (RLJ) bdjd tdebdrsd ue fkebuftkr bd tcdrra, iiagabk RJJ (Rdidfkgguecfatckes Jkebcel Jafhjked). Di RJJ ds ue fkebuftkr acsiabk, fkedftabk de ue dxtrdgk ai RGLJ y de di ktrk a ue RLJ, cestaiabk bdetrk bd ias faeaiczafckeds bd tdidfkguecfafckeds. Di bcágdtrk gçecgk bd dsta fajid ds > A\L (vdr AED]K 1  ‖   16

 

Fkevdrscöe A\L ‖  A\L ‖  gg ‖   gg ‖   gg:) gg:) y ek pudbd tdedr dgpaigds de ecelÿe puetk bd su rdfkrrcbk. De di bcsdñk bd ias faeaiczafckeds sd sulcdrd gcecgczar ias bcstaetds bdi RJJ (ds bdfcr, ias bcstaefcas detrd ias jarras bd tcdrra bd faba argarck bd tdidfkguecfafckeds  ‖ RLJy RLJy ia jarra  prcefcpai bd tcdrra bd tdidfkguecfafckeds ‖  tdidfkguecfafckeds ‖ RGLJ-). RGLJ-).  

:.4 DCA/RCA >0>. Ia ekrga >0> ds vctai para di jude nuefckeagcdetk bd su fajidabk dstrufturabk ya qud majia skjrd ia cbdetcncfafcöe bd faba uek bd iks sujscstdgas jasabk de dtcqudtas, föbclks y fkikrds, fke ia nceaicbab bd qud sd pudbae cbdetcncfar faba uek bd iks sdrvcfcks sdrv cfcks qud de ailÿe gkgdetk sd tdelae qud majcictar k bdsmajcictar. Dstk ds guy cgpkrtaetd, ya qud de ia bkfugdetafcöe qud sd bdjd detrdlar ai usuarck us uarck nceai, ia ekrga bcfd qud sd tdebrá qud qu d dspdfcncfar ia nkrga de qud dstá bcstrcjucba ia rdb, pkr böebd vcaoa, quã puetks fkedfta y iks gdbcks qud q ud utcicza (Rcpks bd fajids y bdrcvafckeds). Ia ekrga RCA/DCA >0> prkpkrfckea uea luça qud pudbd sdr utciczaba para ia dodfufcöe bd ia abgcecstrafcöe bd iks scstdgas bd fajidabk. Zdsuita nuebagdetai para iklrar uea fktczafcöe abdfuaba sugcecstrar a iks kndrdetds ia gaykr gayk r faetcbab bd cenkrgafcöe pkscjid. De partcfuiar, ds guy cgpkrtaetd prkvddriks bd piaeks bd tkbks iks pcsks, de iks qud sd bdtaiide? 1.- Tjcfafcöe bd iks lajcedtds bd tdidfkguecfafckeds :.- Tjcfafcöe bd buftks a utciczar para fajidabk vdrtcfai 6.- Bcspkscfcöe bdtaiiaba bd iks pudstks bd trajaok 2.- Tjcfafcöe bd iks tajidrks diãftrcfks de fask bd sdr rdqudrcbks 4.- Tjcfafcöe bd pcsk-buftks sc dxcstde y pudbde sdr utciczabks Para prkvddr ue dsqudga bd cenkrgafcöe skjrd ia abgcecstrafcöe bdi fagcek para di fajidabk bd tdidfkguecfafcöe, dspafcks y gdbcks cebdpdebcdetds. Garfaebk fke ue föbclk bd fkikr y lrajaebk de dstks iks batks para ia abgcecstrafcöe bd iks fajids bd tdidfkguecfafckeds para su bdjcba cbdetcncfafcöe. Ia sclucdetd tajia gudstra di föbclk bd fkikr de iks fajids X4W.

EAZAEOA Rdrgceafcöe fdetrai bd kncfcea. ^DZBD Fkedxcöe bd rdb / fcrfuctk auxcicar. PTZPTZA Fkedxcöe gaykr / dqucpk bd batk. JIAEFK Rdrgceafcöe bd fajid GF a CF. LZCV Rdrgceafcöe bd fajid CF a GF. A_TI Rdrgceafcöe bd fajid mkrczketai. FANàRdrgceafcöe bdi fajid bdi fagpus. AGAZCIIK Gaetdecgcdetk auxcicar, aiargas y sdlurcbab. ZKOK Vcstdga bd tdiãnkek. 12

 

:.> CVK/CDF ‖  11=01.  11=01. CVK/CDF 11=01 ds ia ekrga cetdreafckeai gás cgpkrtaetd qud dstajidfd iks rdqucsctks nuebagdetaids para iks parágdtrks bd traesgcscöe bd iks fajidabks dstrufturabks, sus fkgpkedetds, y para ia tkpkiklça bd ia fapa nçscfa bd ias rdbds. Fugpicr fke dsta ekrga ds uea dxcldefca y, a ia vdz, ia laraetça bd nuefckeaicbab bd tkbks iks prktkfkiks bd traesgcscöe dstajidfcbks para ias tdfekiklças bd ia cenkrgafcöe. De ekvcdgjrd bd :01< sd pujicfö uea eudva dbcfcöe bd ia ekrga, ia CVK/CDF 11=01?:01 GMz. Fiasd B? masta 100 GMz. Fiasd D? masta :40 GMz. Fiasd N? masta >00 GMz. Fiasd Na? masta 1,000 GMz.

6.  ZDNDZDEFCAV mttp?//aescdcatca.jiklspkt.fkg/  . Gayk 4 bd X1W Ekrgas AEVC DCA/RCA 4>=. Rkgabk bd?  bd?  mttp?//aescdcatca.jiklspkt.fkg/ :0:0. Ekrgas bd fajidabk dstrufturabk. TECRDI. Rkgabk bd?  bd? mttps?//uectditf.fkg/ekrgas-skjrd-fajidabk-dstrufturabk/ . Gayk 4 bd :0:0. tf.fkg/ekrgas-skjrd-fajidabk-dstrufturabk/. X:W Gadstrça Rdidfkguecfafckeds. AEVC/RCA/DCA 4=> A, J y F. Rkgabk bd? mttp?//fbaifaia-upsug.jiklspkt.fkg/:014/0>/aesctcadca-4>=-j-y-f.mtgi . Gayk 4 bd :0:0. mttp?//fbaifaia-upsug.jiklspkt.fkg/:014/0>/aesctcadca-4>=-j-y-f.mtgi. X6W \chca Vcstdgas. Dstáebar AEVC/RCA/DCA 4>=J. Rkgabk bd? mttps?//scstdgas1161=J. mttps?//scstdgas1161=J .  Gayk 4 bd :0:0. X2W Br. Cel. Oksã Okshkwcfz. ’Fajidabk dstrufturabk‗. Cestctutk bd Celdecdrça Diãftrcfa, Nafuitab bd Celdecdrça Tecvdrscbab bd ia Zdpÿjicfa Gketdvcbdk, TZTLTAS Kftujrd :016. ^drscöe 11. Rkgabk bd? mttps?//ccd.ncel.dbu.uy/desd/ascle/ffu/gatdrcai/bkfs/Fajidabk%:0Dstrufturabk.pbn .  Gayk 4 bd :0:0. X4W Dstáebar bd Abgcecstrafcöe para ia Cenradstruftura bd Rdidfkguecfafckeds bd Dbcncfcks Fkgdrfcaids. Rkgabk bd mttps?//juujuiujudea.ocgbknrdd.fkg/cenradstrufturas-bdrdb/ekrga-aesc-tca-dca->0>/  . Gayk 4 bd :0:0. rdb/ekrga-aesc-tca-dca->0>/

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