Normas Apa y Vancouver

 

I@FNFO@D EFNBARNDY P OBGÀS@AD

Gfreds D]D y Xdgafuvbr Bstuc`dgtb Ndy Eur`nnf @gor`c Kuc`tl Dôf

9=944 9=99 9=9 9=99 - Fgn Fgn`g `gbb

Aursf IHD-Q-AF-1-3 IEO Cfabgtb Inof. Bsafidr Xdnc`v`bsf Oustdvf Qdun

 

Gfreds pd ¶Tuà sfg nds gfreds D]D6 Nds gfreds D]D rbprbsbgtdg bn afgkugtf cb rbonds, pdutds y ar`tbr`fs h`kdcfs cb edgbrd bstägcdr pdrd prbsbgtdr nfs trdidkfs dadcàe`afs y prfybatfs. Nds gfreds cb nd Debr`adg ]syalfnfo`adn Dssfa`dt`fg sfg lfy bg cåd ugf cb nfs bstägcdrbs eäs rbafgfa`cfs pdrd nd trdgse`s`ñg cbn afgfa`e`bgtf a`bgtåh`af y dadcàe`af. Cbscb bn dôf 4090, audgcf sdnb d nuz bn pr`ebr bsifzf cb nds gfreds, ldstd bn prbsbgtb, D]D sb ld afgvbrt`cf bg ug bxtbgsf edgudn pdrd nd c`vunoda`ñg cbn trdidkf a`bgtåh`af bg tfcds nds ärbds cbn afgfa`e`bgtf.

 

Gfreds pd ¶añef suro`brfg nds gfreds D]D6 Nds gfreds D]D suro`brfg bg bn dôf 4090, orda`ds d nd Dsfa`da`ñg Bstdcfug`cbgsb cb ]s`afnfoåd, cbi`cf d qub ug orupf cb ps`añnfofs, a`bgtåh`afs y bc`tfrbs sb rbug`brfg pdrd arbdr ug edgudn qub nbs pbre`t`brd puin`adr cb hfred dcbaudcd bg nds rbv`stds cb dgtrfpfnfoåd y ps`afnfoåd nfs drtåaunfs a`bgtåh`afs y dadcàe`afs cbn pdås. P afg bnnds sb pubcbg prbsbgtdr cb edgbrd bstdgcdr`zdcd tfcf cfauebgtf.

¶pdrd quà s`rvbg nds gfreds D]D6 Nds gfreds D]D s`rvbg pdrd rbcdatdr tbxtfs dadcàe`afs ug`vbrs`tdr`f tdnbs afef; SHO, SHE, drtåaunfs, bgsdyfs, afepbgc`fs, tbs`s b `gvbst`oda`fgbs a`bgtåh`ads. Afg bnnds sb bv`tdg qub bx`stdg `gafgs`stbga`ds dn rbcdatdr y prbsbgtdr nds `gvbst`oda`fgbs cb adräatbr bepår`af, tbñr`af y ebtfcfnño`af, cb `oudn edgbrd c`se`guybg nfs pndo`fs, yd qub rbondebgtdg bn usf cb nds a`tds tbxtudnbs tdei`àg.

Hfredtf Obgbrdn

 

HFYEDSF CBN CFAREBGSF; Sdedôf adrtd/ pdpbn 94ae x 9?ae Hubgtbs y tdedôf; ▫ S`ebs Gbw rfedg; 49 pugtfs

Obfro`d; 44 pugtfs Afeputbr Efcbrg; 4= pugtfs ▫ Adn`ir`; 44 pugtfs ▫ Nua`cd Qdgs Rg`afcb; 4= pugtfs ▫ DY@DN; 44 ]RGSFQ BQ]DA@DCF; @gtbrn`gbdcff 9,= Q`g bspda`f bgtrb pärrdhfs @gtbrn`gbdc ▫ ▫

DN@GBDA@ÑG; D nd `zqu`brcd `zqu`brcd,, s`g kust`h`adr

QDGOY@D; Bg nd pr`ebrd någbd cb adcd pärrdhf d 4,9? ae Qdgoråd hrdgabsd cb 4,9? ae bg nds rbhbrbga`d GREBYDA@ÑG CB NDQ ]ÄO@GDQ; Bxtrbef supbr`fr cbrbalf, bg gûebrfs dräi`ofs 9,23 ae EDYOBGBQ;   e   a     3    2  ,     9

 9    ,  2    3    a   e

9,23 ae

 

t`pfs cb a`tds   4 ¶Tuà bs a`td c`rbatd   9 ¶Tuà bs a`td `gc`rbatd   1 ¶Tuà bs a`td cb a`td 3 ¶Tuà bs a`td i`in`foräh`ad

 

¶Tuà sfg nds A`tds Nds a`tds sfg nds rbhbrbga`ds cb ftrfs dutfrbs pdrd cdr aràc`tf cb sus `cbds bg bn cfauebgtf qub sb bndifrd. Nds a`tds sb ut`n`zdg pdrd rbhfrzdr `cbds, rbsuntdcfs y cdtfs, cdr pugtfs cb v`stds, bkbepnfs, pdrd prfhugc`zdr f depn`h`adr nfs drouebgtfs prfp`fs cbn trdidkf d bndifrdr.

A@SDQ SB\SRDNBQ Rgd a`td bs tbxtudn audgcf sb bxtrdbg hrdoebgtfs f `cbds tbxtudnbs cb ug tbxtf. Nds pdndirds f hrdsbs fe`t`cds sb rbbepndzdg afg pugtfs suspbgs`vfs (...). ]drd bstb t`pf cb a`td bs gbabsdr`f `ganu`r bn dpbnn`cf cbn dutfr, bn dôf cb nd puin`ada`ñg y nd päo`gd bg nd audn bstä bn tbxtf bxtrdåcf. Bn hfredtf cb nd a`td vdr`drä sboûg bn àghds`s -bg bn dutfr f bg bn tbxtf-.

 

4

A`td C`rbatd

¶Tuà bs ugd ugd a`td c`rba c`rbatd6 td6

Rgd a`td bs tbxtudn f c`rbatd audgcf sb rbprfcuab pdndird pfr pdndird c`rbatdebgtb cb ug tbxtf cb ug ftrf dutfr, f `ganusf cb su prfp`f tbxtf yd bsar`tf bg ftrd puin`ada`ñg. Q`beprb qub rbdn`abs ugd a`td c`rbatd cbibs `ghfredr, dcbeäs cbn dutfr y dôf y nd päo`gd bspbaåh`ad.

 

A`tds cb ebgfs cb 3= pdndirds Audgcf nd a`td t`bgb ebgfs cb 3= pdndirds sb bsar`ib `gebrsd bg bn tbxtf, bgtrb afe`nnds y s`g aurs`vd . Qb bsar`ib pugtf cbspuàs cb h`gdn`zdr nd a`td y tfcfs nfs cdtfs.

A`td idsdcd bg bn dutfr

A`td idsdcd bg bn tbxtf

Sbgbr bg aubgtd qub;

 

A`td c`rbatd ebgfr d 3= pdndirds;

✑

Nd a`td c`rbatd afrtd nnbvd afe`nnds (" ") y sb `gafrpfrd bg su prfp`f tbxtf, tbxtf, s`g ug hfredtf dc`a`fgdn.

✑

Q` nd a`td dpdrbab dn h`gdn cb ugd frda`ñg, afnfqub nd pugtuda`ñg h`gdn cbspuàs cbn pdràgtbs`s cb a`brrb cb nd a`td. Gf `gsbrtb pugtfs suspbgs`vfs dn pr`ga`p`f y/f dn h`gdn cb ugd a`td d ebgfs qub nd

✑ ✑ ✑

hubgtb fr`o`gdn nf `ganuyd. Afnfqub ugd a`td bgtrb pdràgtbs`s, yd sbd `gebc`dtdebgtb cbspuàs cb nd a`td f dn h`gdn cb nd frda`ñg. ]drd ugdcba`td gdrrdt`vd, `ganuyd bn dutfr y bn dôfbgtrb bg nd pdràgtbs`s frda`ñg y nubof afnfqub gûebrf päo`gd u ftrd `ghfreda`ñg cb ui`ada`ñg cbspuàs cb nd bna`td.

 

A`tds cb eäs cb 3= pdndirds Nds a`tds qub t`bgbg eäs cb 3= pdndirds sb bsar`ibg dpdrtb cbn tbxtf, afg sdgoråd, s`g afe`nnds y s`g aurs`vd. Dn h`gdn cb nd a`td sb afnfad bn pugtf dgtbs cb nfs cdtfs.

A`td idsdcd bg bn tbxtf

A`td idsdcd bg bn dutfr

 

Sbgbr bg aubgtd qub; A`td c`rbatd edyfr d 3= pdndirds; ✑ d a`td c`rbatd ndrod gf nnbvd afe`nnds (" "). ✑ Gf `gsbrtb pugtfs suspbgs`vfs dn pr`ga`p`f y/f dn h`gdn cb ugd a`td d

ebgfs qub nd hubgtb fr`o`gdn nf `ganuyd.

✑ Gf sb cbib dorbodr bn pugtf h`gdn nubof cbn pdràgtbs`s cb a`brrb. ✑ Bn tbxtf a`tdcf vd bg ug gubvf pärrdhf, y sb dpn`ad ugd sdgoråd cb

9,28 ae dn edrobg `zqu`brcf.

 

  9 A`td @gc`rbatd ¶Tuàtrdgse`tb bs ugd `gc`rbatd6 nd pbrsfgd `gvbst`odcfrd trdgse `tb bga`td sus prfp`ds pdndirds ugd `cbd bxprbsdcd bg bn trdidkf rbhbrbga`dcf. rbhbrbga`dcf. Dn pdrdhrdsbdr, nd pbrsfgd `gvbst`odcfrd `gvbst`odcfrd cbib dsbourdrsb cb afgsbrvdr bn sbgt`cf cb nd `cbd a`tdcd, s`g dôdc`rnb g` rbstdrnb. Cbibefs tbgbr bg aubgtd qub dug audgcf sb ldod ugd pdrährds`s, s`oub s`bgcf ugd a`td. a` td. ]drdhrdsbdr gf bn`e`gd nd pfs`i`n`cdc cb afebtbr pndo`f.

BKBE]NF;

A`td c`rbatd; c`rba td; Yfcråoubz Yfcr åoubz(9=48 (9=48)) pndgtbd; „Nd bv bv`c `cbg bga` a`dd cb af afgh ghn` n`at atff cb `g `gtb tbrb rbsbs sbs bg bst bstbb ad adsf sf bs `e `epf pfs`s`in inbb cb pd pdsd sdrr pfr dntf― (p. 31?). ]drährds`s; Qboûg ld sbôdnd sbôdndcf cf Yfcrå Yfcråoubz oubz (9=48), (9=48), bs suedebg suedebgtb tb andrf qub bg nd s`tuda`ñg s`tuda`ñg ld ebc`d ebc`dcf cf ug afghn`atf afghn`atf cb `gtbrbsbs. `gtbrbsbs. Bg bn dsugtf ldy andrfs `gc`a`fs `gc`a`fs cb afghn`atf afghn`atf cb `gtbrbsbs (Yfcråoubz, 9=48).

 

1

A`td cb a`td ¶Tuà bs ugd a`td cb a`td6

bs audgcf bn tbxtf qub tb `gtbrbsd yd bstä a`tdcf pfr ftrf dutfr. Bg bstb adsf dn nbatfr nb cbib qubcdr andrf cb cñgcb prfv`bgb tu rbhbrbga`d. Q` nd a`td bs pdrdhrdsbdcd, tdei`àg t`bgbs qub dgftdr qub gf nbåstb bn tbxtf fr`o`gdn s`gf nd rbhbrbga`d cb ftrf.

Bkbepnf;

„]ndtñg afgs`cbrdid nd bsar`turd afef ugd tbagfnfoåd bxtbrgd y dkbgd, nf e`sef qub eualds pbrsfgds lfy bg cåd p`bgsdg cb nd afeputdcfrd. ]ubstf qub bg nd datudn`cdc yd lbefs `gtbr`fr`zdcf nd bsar`turd cb edgbrd tdg prfhugcd y lbalf cb bnnd ugd pdrtb tdg `epfrtdgtb cb gfsftrfs e`sefs Z…U gfs pdrbab c`håa`n afgs`cbrdrnd ugd tbagfnfoåd, afef pfr nf rboundr ldabefs afg nd `eprbgtd y nd afeputdcfrd―. (FGO, 40