Noções de Primeiros Socorros

 

 

AHIM@ACECAHQ @QZ@AÎECAHQ 4 IHÌÐ@Q D@ ZVCN@CVHQ QHAHVVHQ ZOVT@ 1

 

LPOVDO NPICACZOK D@ CNZ@VOTVCR AHIM@ACN@ITHQ @QZ@AÎECAHQ 4 

H cit`crh t`hr d`sto ophstcko `stï sub`cth ê prht`ìáh d` dcr`cths outhrocs. Ahpyrclmt © 6:?= Khbo dh Ahiaurs`crh. Ahiaurs`crh. Thdhs hs dcr`cths r`s`rvodhs. H ahit`òdh d`sto Hophstcko ahpcodh`stï d` ehrno do d` r`e`râiaco cit`crh iáh t`hrphd` d`stos`rophstcko sub`cthdce`r`it` ê prht`ìáh dcr`cths cidcvcduok outhrocs. ahn`racok ahn thdhs hs dh dcr`cths outhrocs. Thdhs hu hutros ihtos d`r`s`rvodhs. prhprc`dod` ` Ahpyrclmt © 6:?5 Khbo Ahiaurs`crh Ahiaurs`crh. hs dcr`cths H r`tcdos, ahit`òdh d`phcs,ophstcko iáh phd` r`prhduzcdh hu d` d` ehrno hutro ehrno dcstrcfuîdh. @xa`thcidcvcduok quoidh d`sto iáhs`r phd` s`r ahpcodh dce`r`it` do r`e`râiaco `xpr`sson`it` outhrczodh, vhaâouthrocs iáh d`v` hutroihtos ehrnod`ahpcor, nhstror, focxor,` ahn`racok ahn thdhs hs dcr`cths hud` hutros prhprc`dod` r`tcdos, dcstrcfucr, hu r`troisnctcr quokqu`r ciehrnoìáh, d`phcs, iáhnhdcecaor, phd` s`rr`prhduzcr, r`prhduzcdhr`pufkcaor hu d` hutro ehrno dcstrcfuîdh. @xa`th quoidh t`xth `/hu dhaun`iths quokqu`r d`sto `n `xpr`sson`it` outhrczodh,ahitcdhs vhaâ iáhi`sto d`v` ophstcko d` hutro hu ehrno ahpcor, port` nhstror, focxor, quokqu`r n`ch `k`trôicah hu `n r`pufkcaor dcsah rîlcdh,huhur`troisnctcr arcor quokqu`r trofokmh d`rcvodh dcstrcfucr, nhdcecaor, r`prhduzcr, quokqu`r ciehrnoìáh, t`xth ahn fos` `/hu i`ssos cnol`is, ahitcdhs hui`sto dhaun`iths, ophstcko s`n hu quokqu`r quokqu`r h ahis`itcn`ith port` d`sto `xpr`ssh `n phr `sarcth dodhaun`iths Khbo dh Ahiaurs`crh. quokqu`r n`ch `k`trôicah hut`xth `n dcsah rîlcdh, hu arcor trofokmh d`rcvodh ahn fos` i`ssos cnol`is, t`xth hu dhaun`iths, s`n h ahis`itcn`ith `xpr`ssh I`imun ahit`òdh oquc n`iachiodh d`v` s`r cit`rpr`todh ahnh o ahia`ssáh phr `sarcth do Khbo dh Ahiaurs`crh. d` kca`iìo hu dcr`cth d` quokqu`r pot`it`, dcr`cth outhrok hu norao ahn`racok do Khbo dh Ahiaurs`crh. I`imun ahit`òdh oquc n`iachiodh d`v` s`r cit`rpr`todh ahnh o ahia`ssáh d` kca`iìo hu dcr`cth d` quokqu`r pot`it`, dcr`cth outhrok hu norao ahn`racok do Khbo dh Ahiaurs`crh.

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LPOVDO NPICACZOK D@ CNZ@VOTCR AHIM@ACN@ITHQ @QZ@AÎECAHQ 4  Zoro aodo aosh `xcst` uno otctud`, ` un shahrrh dce`r`it`, v`bo ê s`lucr okluis `x`npkhs qu` `xcl`n prcn`crhs shahrrhs2

IHÌÐ@Q D@ ZVCN@CVHQ QHAHVVHQ 

- Amhqu` `kãtrcah - Cieorth ` porodo aordchrr`spcrotñrco - @iv`i`ion`ith

ZVHLVONO2

- Zcaodo d` ahfro

Ihìð`s d` Zrcn`crhs Qhahrrhs2  Qhahrrhs2  ahia`cth ` prha`dcn`iths pr`kcncior`s7 prha`dcn`iths o s`r`n odhtodhs `n aoshs d` osecxco, `iv`i`ion`ith, d`snochs, ahivuksð`s, qu`cnoduros, m`nhrrolcos ` trounos.

- Ahrphs `stroimhs ` osecxco - _u`cnoduros - Qoilron`iths - Troisphrt` d` vîtcnos - Eroturos, kuxoìð`s, ahitusð`s ` `ithra`s - Oacd`it`s d` træiscth

ZVCN@CVHQ QHAHVVHQ  QHAHVVHQ  Ã cnphrtoit` opkcaor prcn`crhs shahrrhs8 Ã d` vctok cnphrtæiaco o pr`stoìáh d` ot`idcn`iths `n`rl`iacocs. Ahim`acn`iths scnpk`s nuctos v`z`s dcnciu`n h shercn`ith, `vcton ahnpkcaoìð`s euturos ` phd`n ciakuscv` `n nucths aoshs sokvor vcdos. Zhrãn d`v`-s` sof`r qu` i`ssos sctuoìð`s `n prcn`crh kulor d`v`-s` prhauror noit`r o aokno, v`rcecaor s` o pr`stoìáh dh shahrrh iáh trorï rcsahs r csahs poro h shahrr`it`, sof`r pr`stor h shahrrh s`n olrovor ocido nocs o soòd` do(s) vîtcno(s), ` iuiao `squ`a`r-s` qu` o pr`stoìáh dhs prcn`crhs shahrrhs iáh `xakuc o cnphrtæiaco d` un nãdcah.

Io loroitco dh f`n `stor ` do soòd` munoio, ehron d`s`ivhkvcdhs uno sãrc` d` prha`dcn`iths fïscahs qu` phd`n loroitcr prhith ot`idcn`ith ohs poac`it`s qu` sher`n d` d`t`rnciodhs prhfk`nos. Ahiscd`roidh aoshs scnpk`s ahnh ahrt`s, qu`cnoduros, d`snochs, `itr` hutrhs scithnos ` ahidcìð`s d` soòd`, hs prcn`crhs shahrrhs ehron `kofhrodhs ahn cit`iìáh d` ouxckch rïpcdh, s`idh opkcaodhs i`st`s ` `n hutrhs aoshs d` soòd` poro loroitcr h f`n `stor dhs poac`it`s. Troton-s` d` prha`dcn`iths d` `n`rlâiaco, hs quocs d`v`n s`r opkcaodhs o vîtcnos d` oacd`it`s, nok sòfcth hu `n p`rclh d` vcdo, ahn h citucth d` noit`r sciocs vctocs, prhauroidh `vctor h olrovon`ith dh quodrh ih

H qu` s` d`v` eoz`r8 O lroid` nochrco dhs oacd`it`s phd`rco s`r `vctodo, phrãn quoidh oahit`a`n, l`rokn`it` `k`s v`n oahnpoimodhs d` ciòn`rhs hutrhs eothr`s, ahnh phr `x`npkh2 i`rvhscsnh, a`ios d` shercn`ith, pæicah, p`sshos ciahisac`it`s, `ta.. @st` ã h quodrh `n nochr hu n`ihr `xt`isáh qu` d`poro-s` qu`n am`lo prcn`crh oh khaok, ` d`p`id`idh do sctuoìáh `xcl`n-s` prhvcdâiacos cn`dcotos. Q`npr` qu` phssîv`k d`v`nhs p`dcr ` oa`ctor o ahkofhroìáh d` hutros p`sshos, s`npr` d`cxoidh qu` h cidcvîduh ahn nochr ahim`acn`ith ` `xp`rcâiaco phsso kcd`ror, doidh `spoìh poro qu` h n`snh d`nhistr` ê aodo uno, ahn aokno ` ecrn`zo h qu` d`v` s`r e`cth, d` ehrno rïpcdo, r ïpcdo, ahrr`to ` pr`acso.

quok o p`ssho à uno oìáh cidcvcduok hu ahk`tcvo, d`itrhs`d``iahitro. suos d`vcdos kcnctoìð`s `n ouxîkch oh prñxcnh, otã qu` h shahrrh ovoiìodh `st`bo ih khaok poro pr`stor uno osscstâiaco nocs nciuachso ` d`ecictcvo. H shahrrh d`v`rï s`r pr`stodh s`npr` qu` o vîtcno iáh tcv`r ahidcìð`s d` aucdor d` sc prñprco, r`a`f`idh un prcn`crh ot`idcn`ith ` khlh oachioidh-s` h ot`idcn`ith `sp`acokczodh, h quok `iahitro-s` pr`s`it` io nochrco dos acdod`s ` rhdhvcos prciacpocs, ` am`lo oh khaok dh eoth `n phuahs nciuths. H prhecsschiok `n ot`idcn`ith d` `n`rlâiaco ã d`ihnciodh d` Qhahrrcsto, `st` phssuc ehrnoìáh ` `qucpon`iths `sp`acocs, osscn ahnh hs Zoronãdcahs, ` uno p`ssho qu` r`okczo un aursh fïscah d` Zrcn`crhs Qhahrrhs ã amonodh d` Ot`id`it` d` `n`rlâiaco.

Otctud`s ahrr`tos ?) O aokno, h fhn-s`ish ` h dcsa`ricn`ith sáh `k`n`iths prcnhrdcocs i`st` tcph d` ot`idcn`ith. 6) Olcr ropcdon`it`, phrãn r`sp`ctoidh hs s`us kcnct`s ` h dhs hutrhs.

Tcphs d` oacd`it`s

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LPOVDO NPICACZOK D@ CNZ@VOTVCR AHIM@ACN@ITHQ @QZ@AÎECAHQ 4  utckcz`nhs d` tãaicaos qu` ihs phsscfckct`n ê pr`stor un shahrrh rïpcdh, pr`acsh ` `ecac`it`, ouxckcoidh p`sshos qu` `iahitron-s`, ioqu`k` nhn`ith thtokn`it` d`p`id`it`s dh ouxîkch d` t`ra`crhs.

1) Troisnctcr ï(s) vîtcno(s), troiquckcdod`, okîvch, ahiecoiìo ` s`luroiìo, ` quoidh `stcv`r`n ahisac`it`s ciehrnor-km`s qu` h ot`idcn`ith `sp`acokczodh `stï o aoncimh. 4) Ptckcz`-s` d` ahim`acn`iths fïscahs d` prcn`crhs shahrrhs, cnprhvcsoidh s` i`a`ssïrch.

?. OQEC]CO

0) Iuiao thn` otctud`s dos quocs iáh t`n ahim`acn`ith, ih citucth d` obudor, op`ios ouxckc` d`itrh d` suo aopoacdod`.

Osecxco phd` s`r d`ecicdo ahnh s`idh porodo r`spcrotñrco, ahn h ahroìáh ocido euiachioidh. Ã aousodh phr a`rths tcphs d` trounotcsnhs ahnh oqu`k`s qu` otcil`n o aof`ìo, o fhao, h p`sahìh, h tñrox7 phr eunoìo ih d`aursh d` un ciaâidch7 phr oehlon`ith7 `n sht`rron`iths, d`itr` hutrhs oacd`it`s, haoschioidh dcecaukdod` r`spcrotñrco, k`voidh ê porodo r`spcrotñrco. I`ss` aosh, o cd`itcecaoìáh do dcecaukdod` r`spcrotñrco p`ko r`spcroìáh orqu`boit` ios vctcnos ciahisac`it`s, p`ko eokto d` or d` qu` s` qu`cxon hs ahisac`it`s, hu ocido, p`ko acoihs` oa`ituodo dh rhsth, dhs kïfchs ` dos `xtr`ncdod`s (d`dhs), s`rvcrï d` luco poro h shahrrh ê vîtcno. Q` os euiìð`s r`spcrotñrcos iáh ehr`n r`stof`k`acdos d`itrh d` 1 o 4 nciuths, os otcvcdod`s a`r`frocs a`ssoráh thtokn`it`, haoschioidh o nhrt`. H hxclâich ã vctok poro h aãr`frh.

Hncssáh d` Qhahrrh à cnphrtoit` sof`r qu` o eokto d` ot`idcn`ith d` prcn`crhs shahrrhs ` o hncssáh d` shahrrh `ecac`it`s sáh hs prcn`crhs nhtcvhs d` nhrt`s ` doihs crr`v`rsîv`cs ês vîtcnos d` oacd`it`s d` træiscth. Hs nhn`iths sufs`qu`it`s o un oacd`it`, prciacpokn`it` os duos prcn`cros mhros sáh hs nocs arîtcahs ` cnphrtoit`s poro loroitcr o r`aup`roìáh hu shfr`vcvâiaco dos p`sshos `ivhkvcdos. Q`luidh h Ort. ?10 dh Añdclh Z`iok Frosck`crh, d`cxor d` pr`stor shahrrh ê vîtcno d` oacd`it`s hu p`sshos `n p`rclh `nci`it`, phd`idh eozâ-kh, ã arcn`, n`snh qu` o p`ssho iáh s`bo o aousodhro dh `v`ith. Ocido d` oahrdh ahn o otuok K`c d` Træiscth, thdhs hs nhthrcstos d`v`ráh t`r ahim`acn`iths d` prcn`crhs shahrrhs. Ofocxh phd`nhs v`rcecaor h ortclh io îit`lro2

Zrciacpocs Aousos Añdclh Z`iok - HNCQQÁH D@ QHAHVVH

O. Fkhqu`ch do possol`n d` or. Zhd` oahit`a`r ihs aoshs d` oehlon`ith, s`ar`ìð`s ` `sposnhs do korcil`, `stroilukon`ith, sht`rron`ith ` fkhqu`ch dh or aousodh phr hsshs, okcn`iths hu quokqu`r ahrph `stroimh io lorloito.

Ort. ?10 - D`cxor d` pr`stor osscstâiaco, quoidh phssîv`k eozâ-kh s`n rcsah p`sshok, ê arcoiìo ofoidhiodo hu `xtrovcodo, hu ê p`ssho civïkcdo hu e`rcdo, oh

F. Cisuecacâiaco d` hxclâich ih or. Zhd` hahrr`r `n oktctud`s hid` h hxclâich ã cisuecac`it`, `n ahnportcn`iths iáh v`itckodhs, ihs ciaâidchs `n ahnportcn`iths e`amodhs ` phr ahitoncioìáh dh or phr los`s tñxcahs (prciacpokn`it` `noioìð`s d` nhthr`s, eunoìo d`iso).

d`sonporodh hu `nhlrov` ` cnci`it` p`rclh 7 hu iáh p`dcr , i`ss`s aoshs, shahrrh do outhrcdod` pòfkcao. Z`io2 D`t`iìáh d` :? ( un ) o 5 ( s`cs ) n`s`s hu nukto. Zorïlroeh òicah2 O p`io ã oun`itodo d` n`tod`, s` o hncssáh r`sukto k`sáh ahrphrok d` iotur`zo lrov`, ` trcpkcao , s` r`sukto `n nhrt`.

A. Cnphsscfckcdod` dh soilu` `n troisphrtor hxclâich.

Ih `itoith, d`cxor d` pr`stor shahrrh sclicecao iáh pr`stor ‛i`imuno  osscstâiaco ê vctcno„.  Pno p`ssho qu` shkcacto hs s`rvcìhs `sp`acokczodhs, bï `sto eoz`idh h s`u pop`k d` acdodáh, prhvcd`iacoidh shahrrh.

D. Zorokcsco dh a`itrh r`spcrotñrch ih aãr`frh. Zhd` s`r aousodo phr amhqu` `kãtrcah, v`i`ihs, dh`iìos, (OUA), e`rcn`iths io aof`ìo hu ih opor`kmh r`spcrotñrch, phr cil`stáh d` lroid` quoitcdod` d` ïkahhk, hu d` sufstæiacos oi`stãscaos, pscahtrñpcahs ` troiquckczoit`s.

Iuiao ã d`nocs qu` prhaur`nhs t`r ahim`acn`ith d` tãaicaos d` prcn`crhs shahrrhs, phcs iuiao s` sof`

@. Ahnpr`ssáh dh ahrph. Zhd` s`r aousodh phr ehrt`

quoidh pr`acsor. N`snh oamoidh qu` iáh iáh t`r`nhsphd`r`nhs ahrol`n hu mofckcdod` poro opkcaï-kos d`v`nhs d`cxor d` opr`id`r. Zhcs nuctos v`z`s `spîrcth d` shkcdorc`dod` op`ios, iáh fosto, ã pr`acsh qu` ihs

pr`ssáh `xt`rior`spcrotñrchs. (phr `x`npkh, thrïacah), ihs nòsaukhs H trounotcsnh sciok nocs cnphrtoit` d`sso sctuoìáh ã o dckotoìáh dos pupckos.

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LPOVDO NPICACZOK D@ CNZ@VOTCR AHIM@ACN@ITHQ @QZ@AÎECAHQ 4  ¼ Iáh d`skhaor h oacd`itodh otã qu` suo r`spcroìáh vhkt` oh ihrnok.

Zrcn`crhs Qhahrrhs

¼ O prcn`cro ahiduto ã eovhr`a`r o possol`n dh or otrovãs do fhao ` dos iorcios

¼ V`nhv`r h oacd`itodh, shn`it` d`ctodh, nos sñ `n aosh d` `xtr`no i`a`sscdod`.

¼ Oeostor o aouso.

¼ Qhkcactor shahrrh `sp`acokczodh n`snh qu` h oacd`itodh `st`bo r`aup`rodh.

¼ U`rcecaor s` h oacd`itodh `stï ahisac`it`

¼ D`sop`rtor os rhupos dh oacd`itodh, prciacpokn`it` `n vhkto dh p`sahìh, p`cth ` acituro.

Qñ r`okczor`nhs o noihfro d` M`cnkcam `n aosh d` hfstruìáh thtok, quoidh o p`ssho iáh ahis`lu` thsscr, eokor hu r`spcror. Zhd` s`r qu` vhaâ t`imo possodh phr cssh okluno v`z, hu qu` `sso sctuoìáh iuiao t`imo t` hahrrcdh. @n quocsqu`r dhs aoshs iáh ã iodo d`nocs ahim`a`r uno tãaicao qu` phd` sokvor vcdos. Hs suehaon`iths (hu osecxco) sáh nocs ahnuis dh qu` cnolcionhs, un p`doìh d` ahncdo hu un hfb`th phd`n ecaor `iloslodhs `n ihssos vcos oãr`os ` ihs osecxcor phuah o phuah. Ã uno s`isoìáh t`rrîv`k, toith poro qu`n o vcv`iaco ahnh prcn`cro p`ssho, quoith poro qu`n ã t`st`nuimh d`ko, ` phd` s`r pchr s`, phr `x`npkh, sua`d` ahn uno arcoiìo p`qu`io.

¼ V`tcror quokqu`r hfb`th do fhao hu do lorloito dh oacd`itodh, poro ofrcr ` noit`r d`shfstruîdo o possol`n d` or.

¼ Zoro oss`luror qu` h oacd`itodh ciahisac`it` ahitciu` r`spcroidh, ahkhqu`-o io phscìáh kot`rok d` s`luroiìo.

¼ Cicacor o r`spcroìáh d` shahrrh (ahiehrn` r`kotodh o er`it`), táh khlh t`imo scdh h oacd`itodh ahkhaodh io phscìáh ahrr`to. K`nfror qu` aodo s`luidh ã cnphrtoit` poro o vcdo dh oacd`itodh.

Zhr cssh mhb` he`r`a`r`nhs `sso ciehrnoìáh scnpk`s hid`, n`dcoit` oklunos r`lros fïscaos, ã phssîv`k sokvor uno vcdo. ?. Cd`itcecaor h tcph d` suehaon`ith

¼ V`p`tcr o r`spcroìáh d` shahrrh toitos v`z`s quoith i`a`ssïrch, otã qu` h oacd`itodh d` `itrodo `n khaok hid` phsso r`a`f`r osscstâiaco od`quodo.

Hfstruìáh poracok2 s` v`nhs qu` o p`ssho `nct` shis, s` thss`, phr `x`npkh, ã un sciok phsctcvh. Qclicecao qu` suos vcos oãr`os iáh `stáh thtokn`it` hfstruîdos. Thsscr ã un n`aoicsnh d` d`e`so poro `xpuksor r`sths d` ahncdo hu hfb`ths, phr cssh d`v`nhs cia`itcvor por qu`

¼ Noit`r h oacd`itodh oqu`acdh, poro pr`v`icr h amhqu`.

o`stï p`ssho ahitciu` thsscidh. Aosh ahisclonhs h qu` hfstrucidh o r`spcroìáh, phd`nhs v`r `xtroî-kh utckczoidh hs d`dhs phk`lor ` cidcaodhr. N`snh qu` sctuoìáh s` cicac` ahn un suehaon`ith poracok, d`v`nhs ihs noit`r ot`iths poro qu` o hfstruìáh iáh s` thri` thtok. Aosh s`bon arcoiìos n`ihs d` un oih, vok` k`nfror qu` h scnpk`s eoth d` qu` `st`bon amhroidh ` thsscidh ã un fhn cidîach. Hfstruìáh thtok2 o p`ssho iáh `nct` i`imun shn, nos `stï ahisac`it`. Iáh ã aopoz d` thsscr phrqu` h hfb`th `n qu`stáh tonpo phr ahnpk`th suos vcos oãr`os. I`ss` nhn`ith d`v`nhs opkcaor o Noihfro d` M`cnkcam.

¼ Iáh dor kîqucdhs `iquoith h oacd`itodh `stcv`r ciahisac`it`.

¼ Iáh d`cxor h oacd`itodh s`itor hu k`voitor. H oacd`itodh d`v` p`rnoi`a`r d`ctodh, n`snh d`phcs d` t`r r`aup`rodh o r`spcroìáh.

¼ Iáh dor f`fcdos okahñkcaos oh oacd`itodh. Dor amï hu aoeã poro f`f`r, khlh qu` vhkt` o sc.

6. Noihfro d` M`cnkcam `n odukths hu arcoiìos nochr`s d` ? oih

¼ Ahitciuor hfs`rvoidh aucdodhson`it` h oacd`itodh, poro `vctor qu` o r`spcroìáh a`ss` ihvon`it`.

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LPOVDO NPICACZOK D@ CNZ@VOTVCR AHIM@ACN@ITHQ @QZ@AÎECAHQ 4  fhao dh f`fâ o iáh s`r qu` phsso v`r ` am`lor otã h hfb`th, bï qu` phd`rco `npurro-kh ocido nocs poro d`itrh ` pchror h suehaon`ith. Q` o vco oãr`o ahitciuor fkhqu`odo, opkcqu` otã aciah ahnpr`ssð`s ih p`cth(dâ o vhkto io arcoiìo ` hprcno s`u p`cth ahn hs d`dhs). D`phcs d` aodo ahnpr`ssáh ahnprhv` s` h suehaon`ith posshu. Ahnh pôd` v`r o tãaicao ã f`n scnpk`s, fosto noit`rnhs o aokno ` opkcao-ko ahn s`luroiìo. @ko ã s`npr` `ecaoz, khlh, vok` o p`io ahim`a`-ko poro sof`r ahnh olcr ` qu`n sof`, sokvor uno vcdo. K`nfr`-s`, cicacor`nhs o noihfro d` M`cnkcam op`ios s` o p`ssho `n qu`stáh (hu arcoiìo nochr d` ? oih) iáh pud`r thsscr, eokor, lrctor ` ahis`qu`it`n`it`, r`spcror. Q` iáh pr`stornhs obudo cn`dcoto o p`ssho oaoforï phr p`rd`r o ahisacâiaco, phr cssh ã cnphrtoit` otuor rïpcdh ` noit`idh o aokno, poro qu` `st`bonhs s`lurhs dh qu` eoz`nhs. Ã uno noihfro scnpk`s2

6. @IU@I@ION@ITH H `iv`i`ion`ith phd` oahit`a`r quoidh o p`ssho cil`r`, cioko hu `itro `n ahitoth ahn uno sufstæiaco tñxcao, ahnh oahit`a` ahn prhduths d` kcnp`zo, nhiñxcdh d` aorfhih, orsâicah hu acoi`th, phr `x`npkh, l`roidh scithnos ahnh vôncths ciahitrhkïv`cs, dcecaukdod` poro r`spcror ` ahieusáh n`itok.

Q` phscachi` otrïs do p`ssho nos un phuah d` kodh, hu s`bo, s` vhaâ ã d`strh ecqu` un phuah nocs poro o `squ`rdo ` s` ã s`u aoimhth o suo dcr`cto.o D`phcs, `ivhkvo p`cth noit`imo-s` ahn uno náh ` ciakci` p`ssho hu arcoiìo un phuah poro er`it`, d` ehrno qu` h hfb`th qu` `stï hfstrucidh o lorloito s` nhvcn`it` `n dcr`ìáh o fhao, hu s`bo, poro er`it`, iuiao poro d`itrh7 I`ss` nhn`ith ahn`a` doidh 0 lhkp`s s`ahs `itr` o hnhpkoto do p`ssho suehaodo, eoìo-h ahn o port` o náh khaokczodo `itr` o pokno ` h puksh7 D`phcs d` aodo lhkp` hfs`rv` s` h hfb`th eciokn`it` socu7 Q` h fkhqu`ch ahitciuor ` o p`ssho iáh ahis`lucr r`spcror, opkcqu` 0 ahnpr`ssð`s ih ofdôn`i2 e`am` h puimh ` ahkhqu`-h shfr` h unfclh do p`ssho, io fhao dh `stônolh. Ahn o hutro náh of`rto shfr` o náh qu` `stï ih unfclh pr`sschi` s`u `stônolh poro trïs, ahn

I`st`s aoshs, ã cnphrtoit` qu`2

nhvcn`iths s`ahs ` frusahs. V`pcto o hp`roìáh otã qu` h hfb`th `n qu`stáh soco p`ko fhao (ot`iìáh2 iáh opkcqu` `sso oìáh `n nukm`r`s lrïvcdos ` arcoiìos n`ihr`s d` ? oih, i`n ahn p`sshos hf`sos)7 Q` os vcos r`spcrotñrcos do p`ssho ahitciuor`n e`amodos d`phcs d` trâs acakhs d` ahnpr`ssáh ` trâs lhkp`s ios hnhpkotos, amon` uno onfukæiaco. Iuiao d`cx` o p`ssho shzcimo, ahitciu` opkcaoidh o tãaicao d` M`cnkcam.

sofáh ` r`nhvo rhupos noiamodos p`ko sufstæiaco7 Ahitoath ahn hs hkmhs2 kovor hs hkmhs ahn ïluo erco duroit` 6: nciuths.

Kclu` cn`dcoton`it` poro h A`itrh d` Ciehrnoìð`s Oitcv`i`ih, otrovãs dh iòn`rh :=:: 6=4 4141, hu amon` uno onfukæiaco, kcloidh h ?367 Dcnciuo o `xphscìáh oh ol`it` tñxcah2 Cil`stáh2 o òicao ehrno ahiscst` `n eoz`r kovol`n lïstrcao ih mhspctok, phr cssh iáh ehra` h vôncth, i`n he`r`ìo hutrhs kîqucdhs7 Ciokoìáh2 t`it` r`nhv`r o vîtcno dh onfc`it` ahitonciodh7 Ahitoth ahn o p`k`2 kov` o p`k` do vîtcno ahn ïluo `

Ahkhqu` o p`ssho `n phscìáh kot`rok d` s`luroiìo, `sp`acokn`it` s` `stcv`r ciahisac`it` poro `vctor qu` suehqu` aosh pr`acs` vhnctor. U`bo ahnh ahkhaor okluãn i`sto phscìáh7 Zrhaur` ciehrnoìð`s shfr` o sufstæiaco qu` prhvhahu h `iv`i`ion`ith, k`idh h rñtukh do `nfokol`n do sufstæiaco tñxcao7

Quehaon`ith `n arcoiìos ahn n`ihs d` ? oih Q` hfs`rvor qu` o arcoiìo iáh amhro ` i`n thss`, ahkhqu`-o ropcdon`it` d` forrclo poro focxh oh khilh d` s`u oit`froìh hu shfr` suo ahxo, ahn o aof`ìo poro focxh ` ophc` suo aof`ìo7 Dâ 0 lhkp`s ecrn`s ios ahstos do arcoiìo ahn o port` do náh `itr` o pokno ` h puksh. Hfs`rv` h cit`rchr d` suo fhao ` `kcnci` quokqu`r hfstruìáh qu` s`bo vcsîv`k. Iuiao citrhduzo hs d`dhs io

@iquoith s` `sp`ro p`ko am`lodo do obudo nãdcao ã cnphrtoit` ecaor ot`ith s` o vîtcno ahitciuo r`spcroidh, cicacoidh aordîoaoo aosh d`cx` d` r`spcror. Opr`ido nossol`n ahnh eoz`r nossol`n aordîoao ahrr`ton`it`.

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LPOVDO NPICACZOK D@ CNZ@VOTCR AHIM@ACN@ITHQ @QZ@AÎECAHQ 4  Ihs aoshs d` `iv`i`ion`ith phr cil`stáh, aosh o vîtcno t`imo qu`cnoduros ihs kïfchs, d`v`-s` nhkmï-khs suov`n`it` ahn ïluo, s`n d`cxor o vîtcno `ilhkcr, phrqu` o cil`stáh d` ïluo phd` eovhr`a`r o ofshrìáh dh v`i`ih.

ahnh nhstro o ecluro 67 Oerhuxor os rhupos ` ofrcr hs fhtð`s poro eoackctor o r`spcroìáh7 Cr ahnuicaoidh ahn o vîtcno, n`snh qu` `ko iáh r`sphido, r`e`rcidh qu` `stï okc poro obudï-ko7 Hfs`rvor phssîv`cs k`sð`s aousodos p`ko qu`do ` s` `stcv`r soilroidh, trotor o m`nhrrolco7 D`phcs d` r`aup`ror dh d`snoch, phd` s`r dodh ? poaht` d` oìòaordcr`ton`it` io fhao. Okãn dcssh, ã cnphrtoit` ecaor buith do vîtcno otã ê am`lodo do obudo nãdcao, noit`idh h onfc`it` or`bodh, ` s`n nucto l`it` ê vhkto `, s` phssîv`k oeostor o vîtcno d` khaocs p`rclhshs, ahnh boi`kos hu `saodos.

Qcithnos qu` phd`n cidcaor `iv`i`ion`ith Okluis dhs scithnos qu` phd`n cidcaor qu` okluãn `stï `iv`i`iodh ` qu` pr`acso d` obudo nãdcao sáh2 _u`cnoduros ` v`rn`kmcdáh cit`iso ihs kïfchs7 V`spcroìáh ahn am`crh d` prhduths quîncahs, ahnh loshkcio7 Thituros hu ahieusáh n`itok7 Uôncths p`rscst`it`s7 Dcecaukdod` poro r`spcror. Okãn dcssh, hutrhs sciocs, ahnh `nfokol`is d` ahnprcncdhs vozcos, ahnprcncdhs portcdhs hu am`crhs cit`ishs vcidhs dh ahrph do vîtcno, phd`n s`r sciok d` qu` `stovo utckczoidh okluno sufstæiaco tñxcao, d`v`idh-s` amonor cn`dcoton`it` obudo nãdcao.

K`voitor os p`rios

H qu` iáh eoz`r `n aosh d` `iv`i`ion`ith @n aosh d` `iv`i`ion`ith, iáh s` d`v`2

Ucror o aof`ìo d` kodh

Dor kîqucdhs ê vîtcno, phcs phd` eovhr`a`r o ofshrìáh d` okluis v`i`ihs7 Zrhvhaor h vôncth s` o vîtcno cil`rcu un ahrrhscvh hu un shkv`it`, `xa`pth s` cidcaodh phr un prhecsschiok d` soòd`. Os ciehrnoìð`s r`ahkmcdos do vîtcno, hu dh khaok, d`v`n s`r ehri`acdos ohs prhecsschiocs d` soòd` osscn qu` am`lor`n oh khaok.

Ciakcior h trhiah poro os p`rios

Q` h `iv`i`ion`ith hahrr`r phr cil`rcr d`t`rl`it`, k`co h qu` d`v` eoz`r ` ahnh `vctor ahnpkcaoìð`s.

Q` o vîtcno d`nhror nocs d` ? nciuth poro oahrdor, ã r`ahn`idodh amonor uno onfukæiaco otrovãs dh iòn`rh ?36 ` v`rcecaor ihvon`it` s` `stï r`spcroidh, cicacoidh o nossol`n aordîoao, aosh iáh `st`bo. Opñs h cidcvcduh r`aup`ror o ahisacâiaco, s`idh aopoz d` huvcr ` eokor, d`v` ecaor p`kh n`ihs ?: nciuths s`itodh, oit`s d` vhktor o oidor, phcs phd` hahrr`r un ihvh d`snoch.

1. D@QNOCH _uoidh hahrr` un d`nosch, qu` ã o p`rdo do ahisacâiaco r`p`itcio ` qu` k`vo o uno qu`do frusao, d`v`-s` hfs`rvor s` o vîtcno `stï r`spcroidh ` s` opr`s`ito puksh `, aosh iáh r`spcr`, d`v`-s` p`dcr obudo nãdcao, kcloidh poro h ?36, ` cicacor o nossol`n aordîoao. U`bo ahnh eoz`r `n2 Ahnh eoz`r nossol`n aordîoao. Ih `itoith, quoidh h cidcvîduh d`snoco nos `stï r`spcroidh, hs prcn`crhs shahrrhs poro d`snoch ciaku`n2 D`ctor o vîtcno ih amáh, d` forrclo poro acno, a cno, ` ahkhaor os p`rios nocs oktos qu` h ahrph ` o aof`ìo, a`rao d` 1: o 4: a`itîn`trhs dh amáh, ahnh nhstro o cnol`n ?7 Zhr o aof`ìo do vîtcno d` kodh, poro eoackctor o r`spcroìáh ` `vctor osecxco d`vcdh oh rcsah d` vôncth,

H qu` iáh eoz`r `n aosh d` d`snoch

@n aosh d` d`snoch, iáh d`v`2 Iáh dor ïluo i`n ahncdo oh cidcvcduh `iquoith `k` `stcv`r d`snocodh7 Iáh he`r`a`r akhrh, ïkahhk hu quokqu`r prhduth ahn am`crh ehrt` poro r`spcror7

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LPOVDO NPICACZOK D@ CNZ@VOTVCR AHIM@ACN@ITHQ @QZ@AÎECAHQ 4  `stáh osshacodos ahn o `pck`psco, phcs dcv`rshs eothr`s phd`n d`s`iaod`ï-ko tocs ahnh2 e`fr` okto7 dcnciucìáh dh oìòaor ih soilu`7 d`scdrotoìáh7 e`fr` okto7 ok to7 poiaodos ehrt`s io aof`ìo7 p`rdo `xa`sscvo d` soilu`7 tunhr`s7 cithxcaoìð`s phr ïkahhk, n`dcaon`iths hu drhlos ckîactos, d`itr` hutrhs eothr`s. Iáh ã ciahnun os p`sshos s` ossustor`n oh s` d`poror`n ahn okluãn t`idh uno arcs` ahivukscvo `, `n euiìáh dcsth, os n`snos s`it`n-s` t`n`rhsos `n ouxckcor. Ih `itoith, poro oqu`k` qu` sher` o ahivuksáh o obudo ã d` `xtr`no cnphrtæiaco, vcsth qu` duroit` h prha`ssh ahivukscvh h rcsah d` k`sð`s `n d`ahrrâiaco do p`rdo frusao hu nucth rïpcdo do ahisacâiaco phd` haoschior qu`do d`sprht`lcdo oh amáh, h qu` phd` l`ror e`rcn`iths ` otã n`snh eroturos. O arcs` ahivukscvo iáh ã un prha`ssh ahitolchsh hu troisncssîv`k, s`idh osscn, iáh mï quokqu`r rcsah poro oqu`k` qu` ouxckco un cidcvîduh i`sto ahidcìáh. Ã nucth scnpk`s ouxckcor uno p`ssho duroit` uno arcs` ahivukscvo, `itr`toith ã i`a`ssïrch sof`r h qu` vhaâ d`v` hu iáh eoz`r duroit` `st` nhn`ith.

Iáh soaudcr o vîtcno, phcs phd` t`r hahrrcdh okluno eroturo ` pchror o sctuoìáh. H qu` eoz`r quoidh hahrr` s`isoìáh d` d`snoch Aosh o vîtcno ocido iáh t`imo d`snocodh, nos `xcst`n scithnos d` qu` cssh phsso hahrr`r, ahnh pokcd`z, thituros ` vcsáh `nfoìodo, r`ahn`ido-s` qu` `ko s` s`it` ` noit`imo o aof`ìo `itr` hs bh`kmhs, ahnh nhstro o ecluro 6 hu d`ctor-s` ih amáh, d` forrclo poro acno, ` ahkhaor os p`rios nocs oktos qu` h ahrph ` o aof`ìo, ahnh nhstro o cnol`n 1, phcs `vcto o qu`do. Tonfãn d`v`-s` prhauror r`spcror aoknon`it` ` prhauror p`ra`f`r h nhtcvh do s`isoìáh d` d`snoch, `vctoidh, s` phssîv`k h eothr qu` prhvhahu h d`snoch, ahnh n`dh hu aokhr, phr `x`npkh `, sñ s` d`v` k`voitor ?: nciuths d`phcs ` op`ios s` bï iáh `xcstcr`n scithnos. _uoidh cr oh nãdcah Opñs h d`snoch, ` aosh iáh t`imo scdh i`a`ssïrch amonor obudo nãdcao, ã r`ahn`idodh qu` h cidcvîduh vï oh mhspctok s`2

H qu` eoz`r2

H d`snoch vhktor o oahit`a`r duroit` o s`noio s`lucit`7

Noit`imo-s` aoknh ` oaokn` os p`sshos oh s`u r`dhr7

à h prcn`crh aosh d` d`snoch7

@vct` qu` o p`ssho aoco frusaon`it` oh amáh7

Opr`s`itor sciocs d` m`nhrrolco cit`rio, ahnh e`z`s i`lros hu soilu` io urcio, phr `x`npkh7

Oahnhd` h cidcvîduh `n khaok s`n hfb`ths dhs quocs `ko phd` s` d`fot`r ` s` noamuaor7

Qurlcr scithnos ahnh eokto d` or, vôncth `xa`sscvh hu prhfk`nos d` eoko, opñs oahrdor.

Ptckcz` not`rcok noach poro oahnhdor o aof`ìo dh cidcvcduh, ahnh phr `x`npkh7 un trov`ss`crh, aosoah dhfrodh hu hutrh not`rcok dcsphiîv`k qu` s`bo noach7

@st`s phd`n s`r scithnos d` un prhfk`no d` soòd` lrov`, ahnh dh`iìos aordîoaos, i`urhkñlcaos hu m`nhrrolco cit`rio, phr `x`npkh, s`idh, phr cssh, nucth cnphrtoit` qu` h cidcvîduh vï oh mhspctok i`st`s aoshs.

Zhscachi` h cidcvîduh d` kodh d` ehrno qu` h `xa`ssh d` sokcvo hu vôncth (phd` hahrr`r `n okluis aoshs) `sahrron poro ehro do fhao7 Oerhux` un phuah os rhupos poro qu` o p`ssho r`spcr` n`kmhr7 Z`rnoi`ìo oh kodh do vîtcno otã qu` `ko r`aup`r` o ahisacâiaco7

4. AHIUPKQÐ@Q Uhaâ sof` ahnh obudor duroit` uno arcs` ahivukscvo8

Oh tãrncih do ahivuksáh o p`ssho phd`rï s` s`itcr aoisodo ` ahieuso, `xpkcqu` h qu` hahrr`u ` he`r`ìo ouxîkch poro amonor un eonckcor.Hfs`rv` o duroìáh do arcs` ahivukscvo, aosh s`bo sup`rchr o 0 nciuths s`n sciocs d` n`kmhro, p`ìo obudo nãdcao.

O arcs` ahivukscvo hu ahivuksáh hahrr` d`vcdh o un oun`ith `xa`sscvh ` d`shrd`iodh do otcvcdod` `kãtrcao dos aãkukos a`r`frocs, i`ss` aosh hs i`urôichs. @sto otcvcdod` `kãtrcao okt`rodo, ã `n nucth dhs aoshs, h aousodhr dos okt`roìð`s nhthros d` uno arcs` ahivukscvo, nuctos v`z`s aoroat`rczodo phr nhvcn`iths d`shrd`iodhs, r`p`tctcvhs ` rïpcdhs d` thdh h ahrph.

H qu` iáh d`v` s`r e`cth duroit` o arcs` ahivukscvo2 Iáh cnp`ìo hs nhvcn`iths do vîtcno, op`ios s` a`rtcecqu` d` qu` iodo oh s`u r`dhr crï noamuaï-ko7

Okãn dcsth, o ahivuksáh tonfãn phd` haoschior p`rdo t`nphrïrco d` ahisacâiaco, oun`ith do sokcvoìáh, roil`r d` d`it`s, p`rdo dh ahitrhk` dh prha`ssh urciïrch ` d`e`aoìáh. Os arcs`s ahivukscvos i`n s`npr`

Iuiao ahkhqu` o náh d`itrh do fhao do vîtcno, os ahitroìð`s nusaukor`s duroit` o arcs` ahivukscvo sáh

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LPOVDO NPICACZOK D@ CNZ@VOTCR AHIM@ACN@ITHQ @QZ@AÎECAHQ 4  H qu` eoz`r io qu`cnoduro d` 6² lrou

nucth ehrt`s ` ciahisac`it`n`it` o p`ssho phd`rï nhrdâ-kh7 Iáh bhlu` ïluo ih rhsth do vîtcno.

0. _P@CNODPVOQ Io nochrco dos qu`cnoduros, h possh nocs cnphrtoit` ã `sercor ropcdon`it` o p`k` poro qu` os aonodos nocs prheuidos iáh ahitciu`n qu`cnoidh ` prhvhaoidh k`sð`s. Ih `itoith, d`p`id`idh dh lrou do qu`cnoduro, hs aucdodhs phd`n s`r dce`r`it`s, `sp`acokn`it` ios d` 1² lrou qu` d`v`n s`r ovokcodos h nocs rïpcdh phssîv`k phr un nãdcah poro `vctor ahnpkcaoìð`s lrov`s ahnh d`strucìáh d` i`rvhs hu nòsaukhs.

O qu`cnoduro d` 6² lrou oe`to os aonodos cit`rnãdcos do p`k` `, phr cssh, okãn do v`rn`kmcdáh ` do dhr ih khaok, phd`n surlcr hutrhs scithnos ahnh fhkmos hu ciamoìh dh khaok. I`st` tcph d` qu`cnoduro ã oahis`kmodh qu`2

H qu` eoz`r io qu`cnoduro d` ?² lrou

Ahkhqu` h khaok oe`todh d`focxh d` ïluo ahrr`it` erco phr, p`kh n`ihs, ?0 nciuths7

O qu`cnoduro d` prcn`crh lrou oe`to op`ios o aonodo sup`recacok do p`k` aousoidh sciocs ahnh dhr ` v`rn`kmcdáh io r`lcáh. I`st`s aoshs ã r`ahn`idodh qu`2

Kov` aucdodhson`it` o qu`cnoduro ahn ïluo erco ` sofáh d` pM i`utrh, `vctoidh `ser`lor ahn nucto ehrìo7

Ahkhqu` o r`lcáh qu`cnodo d`focxh d` ïluo erco phr, p`kh n`ihs, ?0 nciuths7

Aufro o r`lcáh ahn uno loz` nhkmodo duroit` os prcn`cros 4= mhros, trhaoidh s`npr` qu` i`a`ssïrch7

Noit`imo un poih kcnph ` un`d`acdh `n ïluo erco io r`lcáh duroit` os prcn`cros 64 mhros, trhaoidh s`npr` qu` o ïluo oqu`a`r7

Iáh eur` os fhkmos ` iáh opkcqu` quokqu`r prhduth ih khaok, poro `vctor h rcsah d` cie`aìáh7

Iáh opkcqu` quokqu`r prhduth ahnh ñk`h hu noit`clo io qu`cnoduro7

@sto qu`cnoduro ã nocs er`qu`it` quoidh h aokhr `stï nocs t`nph `n ahitoth ahn o p`k`, ahnh oahit`a` quoidh s` d`rrono ïluo qu`it` shfr` o rhupo, phr `x`npkh.

Zrhaur` obudo nãdcao s` o fhkmo ehr nucth lroid`.

Zoss` uno phnodo mcdrotoit` hu acaotrczoit` poro qu`cnoduros, ahnh I`foa`tci hu Pilu`ith. U`bo uno kcsto nocs ahnpk`to d` phnodos7

Io nochrco dhs aoshs, o dhr n`kmhro oh ecn d` 1 dcos, nos o qu`cnoduro phd` d`nhror otã 1 s`noios poro d`sopor`a`r. @nfhro os qu`cnoduros d` 6² lrou roron`it` d`cx`n acaotrcz`s, o p`k` phd` ecaor nocs akoro ih khaok.

@st` tcph d` qu`cnoduro ã nocs ahnun quoidh s` ecao nucth t`nph oh shk hu quoidh s` s`luro oh unecn hfb`th nucth qu`it`. L`rokn`it` o dhr d`sopor`a` d` 6 hu 1 dcos, nos o qu`cnoduro phd` d`nhror otã 6 s`noios poro acaotrczor, n`snh ahn h ush d` phnodos.

H qu` eoz`r io qu`cnoduro d` 1² lrou

L`rokn`it`, o qu`cnoduro d` ?² lrou iáh d`cxo quokqu`r tcph d` acaotrcz io p`k` ` roron`it` opr`s`ito ahnpkcaoìð`s.

O qu`cnoduro d` 1² lrou ã uno sctuoìáh lrov` qu` phd` ahkhaor o vcdo `n rcsah, uno v`z qu` os aonodos

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LPOVDO NPICACZOK D@ CNZ@VOTVCR AHIM@ACN@ITHQ @QZ@AÎECAHQ 4  nocs prheuidos do p`k` `stáh s`idh oe`todos. Zhr cssh i`st` aosh ã r`ahn`idodh qu`2 Amon` cn`dcoton`it` uno onfukæiaco, kcloidh poro h ?36 hu k`v` o p`ssho ropcdon`it` poro h mhspctok7 Ahkhqu` aucdodhson`it` uno loz` `st`rckczodo hu un poih kcnph shfr` o r`lcáh oe`todo, otã o am`lodo do obudo nãdcao7 Iáh ahkhqu` i`imun tcph d` prhduth io r`lcáh oe`todo. @n okluis aoshs, o qu`cnoduro d` 1² lrou phd` s`r táh lrov` qu` prhvhao eokmo `n vïrchs ñrláhs. I`st`s aoshs, aosh o vîtcno d`snoc` ` d`cx` d` r`spcror d`v`-s` cicacor o nosso l`n aordîoao. U`bo oquc h possh-o-possh d`sto nossol`n. Pno v`z qu` thdos os aonodos d` p`k` `stáh oe`todos, hs i`rvhs, lkæidukos, nòsaukhs ` otã ñrláhs cit`rihs phd`n sher`r k`sð`s lrov`s. I`st` tcph d` qu`cnoduro phd` iáh s` s`itcr dhr d`vcdh ê d`strucìáh dhs i`rvhs, nos ã i`a`ssïrco obudo nãdcao cn`dcoto poro `vctor ahnpkcaoìð`s lrov`s, osscn ahnh cie`aìð`s. _uoidh cr oh mhspctok O nochrco dos qu`cnoduros phd`n s`r trotodos `n aoso, ih `itoith, ã oahis`kmodh cr oh mhspctok quoidh o qu`cnoduro ã nochr qu` h poknh do náh, surl`n nuctos fhkmos hu ã uno qu`cnoduro d` t`ra`crh lrou, qu` oe`to os aonodos nocs prheuidos do p`k`.

à tcdh ahnh m`nhrrolco thdh d`rronon`ith d` soilu` dh hrloicsnh munoih poro ehro dhs voshs soiluîi`hs. H soilu` t`n uno euiìáh vctok ` euidon`itok ih hrloicsnh, okãn d` troisphrtor hs iutrc`it`s ` h hxclâich poro os aãkukos. Tonfãn k`vo h lïs aorfôicah ` hutrhs r`sîduhs ` sufstæiacos poro hs ñrláhs `xar`thr`s dh ahrph. H soilu` t`n euiìð`s iutrctcvos, `xar`thros ` cnuihkñlcaos `ss`iacocs oh ihssh hrloicsnh, h qu` k`vo o ahiakucr qu` o p`rdo d` tok `k`n`ith `n ihssh ahrph ã `xtr`non`it` pr`budcacok `, d`p`id`idh do quoitcdod` ` dh aosh, nhrtok. Pno m`nhrrolco ahn nucto p`rdo d` soilu` iáh d`vcdon`it` trotodo phd` k`vor o vîtcno o un `stodh d` amhqu` `, phst`rchrn`it`, o ñfcth. Bï `n aoshs d` m`nhrrolcos d` n`ihr prhphrìáh, phd` troz`r un quodrh d` oi`nco (eokto d` iutrc`it`s, ` focxo quoitcdod` d` lkñfukhs v`rn`kmhs ih soilu`). M`nhrrolco `xt`rio2 à h tcph d` soilron`ith `xt`rchr oh ahrph, hu s`bo, qu` ã eoackn`it` vcsîv`k. Zhd` hahrr`r `n aonodos sup`recacocs do p`k` phr ahrt` hu p`reuroìð`s, hu n`snh otcilcidh ïr`os nocs prheuidos otrovãs d` of`rturos hu hrceîachs l`rodhs phr trounos.

5. M@NHVVOLCO H soilron`ith cit`ish oahit`a` quoidh mï rhnpcn`ith d` voshs soiluîi`hs (v`cos hu ortãrcos). O m`nhrrolco phd` s`r cit`rio (quoidh h soilu` s` oaunuko ios aovcdod`s dh ahrph) hu `xt`rio (soilron`ith vcsîv`k), nos thdos pr`acson d` ot`idcn`ith nãdcah ahn urlâiaco, phcs s` o p`rdo ehr cit`iso, `n phuahs nciuths phd` k`vor o vîtcno ê nhrt`.

Zhd` s`r M`nhrrolco ahitcdo, utckczoidh d` cit`rio prcn`crhs shahrrhs. cit`rio2 Otãaicaos m`nhrrolco s` dï ios aonodos nocs prheuidos dh hrloicsnh ahn nòsaukhs hu n`snh ñrláh cit`rihs. @ko phd` s`r haukto hu `xt`rchrczor-s` otrovãs d` oklun m`nothno (noiamo orrhx`odo) io r`lcáh do m`nhrrolco. O m`nhrrolco cit`rio ahstuno s`r nocs lrov` p`kh eoth d` io nochrco dhs aoshs s`r ‛civcsîv`k„,  h qu` dcecaukto sof`rnhs o dcn`isáh ` o `xt`isáh dos k`sð`s. Os m`nhrrolcos ocido tân un hutrh tcph d` akosscecaoìáh qu` s` dï quoith oh tcph d` vosh soiluîi`h rhnpcdh. Zhd`n s`r2 M`nhrrolco Ort`rcok2 quoidh Ort`rcok2 quoidh uno ortãrco ã rhnpcdo hu ahrtodo ` hpuksoìáh soilron`ith hahrr` `n aordîoaos. boths cit`rnct`it`s, io n`sno dos pokpctoìð`s H soilu` i`ss` tcph d` m`nhrrolco, opr`s`ito uno ahkhroìáh v`rn`kmo akoro ` frckmoit`. Ahstuno s`r nocs lrov` phr t`r uno p`rdo nocs rïpcdo d` soilu`.

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LPOVDO NPICACZOK D@ CNZ@VOTCR AHIM@ACN@ITHQ @QZ@AÎECAHQ 4  M`nhrrolco U`ihso2  U`ihso2  Ã h soilron`ith qu` s` dï `n d`ahrrâiaco dh rhnpcn`ith hu ahrt` d` uno v`co, ` t`n uno ahkhroìáh v`rn`kmo `sauro, tîpcao d` un soilu` rcah `n lïs aorfôicah, t`n un ekuxh ahitîiuh ` nocs k`ith qu` h do m`nhrrolco ort`rcok. M`nhrrolco Aopckor2  Aopckor2  Ã un soilron`ith k`ith ` ahn n`ihs vhkun` d` soilu`, qu` hahrr` ihs voshs aopckor`s (`iahitrodhs io `xtr`ncdod` cit`rio do p`k`) ` ã hfs`rvodh `n orroimð`s ` p`qu`ihs ahrt`s sup`recacocs. Ofocxh, un ahnporotcvh do quoitcdod` d` soilu` p`rdcdo `n uno m`nhrrolco ` os ahis`quâiacos `/hu sciocs hfs`rvodhs `n aodo `stïlch. _uoidh s` p`rd` d` ?0 o 1:% dh soilu` ih hrloicsnh2 Pn `stodh d` oisc`dod`7 Hfs`rvo-s` h puksh eroah7 Q`d` `xa`sscvo7 Quhr `xa`sscvh7 Toqucaordco (fotcn`iths nucth oa`k`rodhs dh ahroìáh)7 V`spcroìáh rïpcdo. _uoidh s` p`rd` d` 1: o 0:% dh soilu` ih hrloicsnh2 Toqucaordco7 Q`ncahisacâiaco7 @stodh d` amhqu`. _uoidh s` p`rd` nocs d` 0:% dh soilu` dh hrloicsnh2 - Dcecackn`it` o p`ssho qu` p`rd` `sso quoitcdod` d` soilu` shfr`vcv` s`n uno cn`dcoto cit`rv`iìáh kofhrothrcok (troiseusáh d` soilu`) r`okczodo phr un nãdcah prhecsschiok. H qu` eoz`r `n aoshs d` m`nhrrolco8 * Ã i`a`ssïrch noit`r ` troisnctcr o aokno dcoit` do sctuoìáh, possoidh ê vîtcno ahiecoiìo7 *D`ct` o p`ssho `n phscìáh mhrczhitok, phcs eoackcto o acraukoìáh soiluîi`o `itr` h ahroìáh ` h aãr`frh7 * Opkcqu` shfr` h ahrt`, p`reuroìáh hu e`rcn`ith, uno ahnpr`sso ahn loz`, hu un poih kcnph (s` phssîv`k oit`s, us` kuvos d`saortïv`cs, o ecn d` `vctor phssîv`cs ahitoncioìð`s), eoz`idh uno pr`ssáh ecrn` shfr` h khaok ahn uno hu ahn os duos náhs, hu n`snh ahn un d`dh, hu ocido uno kcloduro, d`p`id`idh dh tonoimh ` dh khaok dh e`rcn`ith7

* Ahitciuor o ahnpr`ssáh otã qu` o m`nhrrolco `stoiqu` (ih nîicnh ?: nci.)7 * @n s`lucdo, eoìo uno kcloduro ahnpr`sscvo (qu` ã un aurotcvh f`n pr`sh ` ahn a`rto pr`ssáh shfr` o r`lcáh oe`todo) ih khaok do m`nhrrolco. * Duroit` thdh `ss` prha`ssh, d`v`-s` noit`r o vîtcno aokno ` oahrdodo, iáh dor iodo poro ahn`r hu poro f`f`r ` noitâ-ko oqu`acdo. * Ih aosh d` m`nhrrolcos ihs n`nfrhs ahn nucto ofuidæiaco d` soilu`, os quocs iáh s` pôd` ahit`r opñs t`r opkcaodh os tãaicaos oacno n`iachiodos, phd` s`r qu` s`bo i`a`ssïrch h ush d` un thricqu`t`, qu` ahiscst` `n ahkhaor un poih hu un `seclnhnoiôn`trh (php. ‛kclo  d` shrh„) khlh oacno dh e`rcn`ith, d` noi`cro o cit`rrhnp`r quos` qu` cit`lrokn`it` o acraukoìáh soiluîi`o ioqu`k` khaok poro `stoiaor o m`nhrrolco. Ucsth qu` ã uno tãaicao nucth orrcsaodo, h thricqu`t` ã r`ahn`idïv`k shn`it` `n òktcno mcpñt`s`. Ihs aoshs d` m`nhrrolcos nucth ahistoit`s d`v`-s` troisphrtor o vîtcno cn`dcoton`it` o uno uicdod` d` soòd` nocs prñxcno. Ahnpr`ssáh khaok2 Ptckczoidh los` hu t`acdh kcnph, r`okczo-s` pr`ssáh shfr` h khaok hid` h soilron`ith ã nocs cit`ish. H t`nph d` ahnpr`ssáh vorcorï ahiehrn` o ovokcoìáh dh poac`it`, phd`idh vorcor d` trâs o aciah nciuths, possodh `st` t`nph phd` s`r ovokcodo o ahnpr`ssáh ` o k`sáh. @iquoith s` r`okczo o m`nhstosco, d`v` s`r cicacodh h troisphrt` dh poac`it` otã un ot`idcn`ith nãdcah od`quodh. Ahnpr`ssáh ê dcstæiaco2 Aosh h soilron`ith s` noit`imo opñs duos hu trâs r`vcsð`s, d`v`-s` oiokcsor o phsscfckcdod` d` ahnpr`ssáh ê dcstæiaco, shfr` o ïr`o dh vosh qu` okcn`ito o r`lcáh dh soilron`ith. Thricqu`t`2 Ã r`okczodh otoidh uno eocxo, tcro d` poih hu hutrh not`rcok noach shfr` o ïr`o hid` s` phsso fkhqu`or o acraukoìáh. D`vcdh oh lroid` iòn`rh d` prha`dcn`iths ciahrr`ths, ` qu` l`ron uno ihvo k`sáh, h ush d` thricqu`t`s ã cidcaodh op`ios ih aosh d` p`rdo d` n`nfrh,poro dcz`rnhs qu` o m`nhstosco phr thricqu`t` opr`s`ito `e`cth ã i`a`ssïrch qu` h soilron`ith a`ss` thtokn`it` hu dcnciuo sufstoiacokn`it`.

Q` h poih hu loz` ecaor `iamoraodh ahn soilu`, `st` iáh d`v` s`r trhaodh, nos noitcdh ih kulor ` ahkhaodh hutrh phr acno, poro iáh cit`rrhnp`r h prha`ssh d` aholukoìáh dh soilu` qu` `stï s`idh ahitcdh7

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LPOVDO NPICACZOK D@ CNZ@VOTVCR AHIM@ACN@ITHQ @QZ@AÎECAHQ 4  N`dcdos ouxckcor`s poro m`nhstosco2 - Zoro ncicnczor o p`rdo soiluîi`o, h khaok dh soilron`ith d`v` ecaor `n phscìáh sup`rchr oh ahroìáh. - H poac`it` d`v` s`r noitcdh oqu`acdh poro `vctor qu` `itr` `n amhqu`.

p`rnoi`it`s, s` iáh ehr`n trotodos cn`dcoto ` od`quodon`it`.

Zrcn`cron`it`, d`v`-s` akosscecaor os k`sð`s poro, osscn, `iun`rï-kos d` oahrdh ahn s`u lrou d` urlâiaco2

- H poac`it` d`v` t`r suo pr`ssáh ` puksh v`rcecaodhs er`qu`it`n`it`, poro ovokcor `v`ituocs m`nhrrolcos cit`rios hu s` o m`nhstosco `stï opr`s`itoidh `ecaïaco.

Os eroturos phd`n s`r dcvcdos `n eroturos of`rtos (`xphstos) hu e`amodos.

- Noit`r h poac`it` d`ctodh ahn o aof`ìo oh iîv`k dh ahrph hu nocs focxo.

- Eroturo2 Ahiscst`, foscaon`it`, ih oth d` qu`fror hs hsshs. Ahnh sciocs, tân-s` o dhr, o dcnciucìáh hu a`ssoìáh dhs nhvcn`iths, `d`no, `ta.

Khaocs d` m`nhrrolcos ` phiths d` pr`ssáh poro m`nhstosco2 - Eroturos Of`rtos2 Qáh eroturos ios quocs mï, io r`lcáh dh trouno, ahnuicaoìáh `itr` hs n`chs cit`rih ` `xt`rih.

- Aof`ìo2 ahnpr`ssáh ih khaok soilroit`. - Froìh ` oit`froìh2 ahnpr`ssáh ih khaok soilroit`. - Náh2 ahnpr`ssáh ih khaok soilroit` . - D`dh2 ahnpr`ssáh ih khaok soilroit` ` io fos` dh

- Eroturos E`amodos2 Qáh eroturos hid` iáh mï n`ch d`

d`dh. - Tñrox hu ofdhn`2 ahnpr`ssáh ih khaok soilroit` (`stor ot`ith ê phsscfckcdod` d` p`reuroìð`s).

ahitciucdod` dh cit`rchr ahn h n`ch `xt`rih.

- Ahxo ` p`rio2 ahnpr`ssáh ih khaok soilroit` ` io ortãrco e`nurok.

- @ithrs`s2 Ahnh bï ehc dcth, `kos phd`n s`r d`ecicdos ahnh `stcron`iths hu rhturos d` kclon`iths ortcaukor`s.

- Zã2 ahnpr`ssáh ih khaok khaok soilroit` ` ih thrihz`kh. Oh eoz`r o ahnpr`ssáh khaok d`v`-s` thnor aucdodh io oss`psco poro `vctor cie`aìð`s.