Non Destructive Testing

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING FULL SCOPE OF NDT SERVICES

WWW.SGS.COM/NDT

RIGHT SERVICE \u2013 MAXIMUM RETURN

Whether it is in \ue001abrication, pipe systems, provided by quali\ue000ed inspectors technologies, looking \ue001or the \ue001astest manu\ue001acturing, pipeline, plant inspection methods, integrating our to international standards. SGS construction, chemical, petrochemical understands better than most that the work\ue001orce into your daily activities, plants, shipyards or o\ue001\ue001shoreexcellence industry, in o\ue001 any service commences combining technologies and care\ue001ully conventional and nuclear power plants with quality and the implementation listening to your needs. o\ue001 detailed and e\ue001\ue001ective inspection our Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) services provide quality assurance and procedures, state-o\ue001-the-art equipment When you need to save costs, improve and most o\ue001 all our pro\ue001essional people. process sa\ue001ety. SGS has a worldwide quality and want to be sure o\ue001 reliable SGS\u2019 \ue001ast growing networkproduction o\ue001 NDT or operating processes, track record with proven per\ue001ormance on NDT is the tool set you need. In every new construction, pipeline installation, inspectors is suitably trained, multi\ue001unctional and prepared to be stage o\ue001 the li\ue001e cycle o\ue001 your a in-service inspection and expansion available whenever our services are SGS can contribute with added value projects as the total NDT solution required. SGS creates added value to NDT services. provider. SGS\u2019 scope o\ue001 services covers both, conventional and advanced NDT your business by applying improved

SGS IS YOUR RELIABLE PARTNER, PRESENT IN ALL MAJOR INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD.

SGS is the global leader and innovator in inspection, veri\ue000cation, testing and certi\ue000cation services. Founded in 1878 is recognised as the global benchmark in quality and integrity. With over 55,000 employees, SGS operates a network o\ue001 ov 1,000 o\ue001\ue000ces and laboratories around the world.

CONTACT US

WWW.SGS.COM/NDT WWW.SGS.COM/NDT-TRAINING WWW.SGS.COM/AIM OR [email protected]

CONTENTS

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LNG CARRIER CARGO TANk TIGHTNESS TEST

06

ACOUSTIC EMISSION TESTING

07

ACOUSTIC LEAk TESTING OF PIPELINES

08

INDUSTRIAL 3D TOMOGRAPHY

09

DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY

10

HEAT EXCHANGER LIFE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (HELAS)

11

RTJ FLANGE SPECIAL ULTRASONIC TESTING

12

FAST CORROSION SCREENING

13

HYDROGEN INDUCED CRACkING DETECTION

14

GUIDED WAVE

LNG CARRIER CARGO TANk TIGHTNESS TEST LEAk DETECTION AND INTEGRITY EVALUATION FOR THE MEMBRANE

MEMBRANE TYPE LNG CARRIER LEAk TEST METHODS LNG carrier cargo tanks have been STRUCTURE developed to high end material n Ammonia (NH3) Leak Testing engineered assets. Materials used In this containment system, developed This test is per ormed by introducing and concepts applied are completely by Gaz Transport & Technigaz o France, an inert gas mixed with ammonia to sa eguarded by in-line monitoring o the cargo tanks are protected by a the internal space o the test material possible leakages o the gas. To ensure complete double side/bottom, co erdam and then over-pressurising. A ter sa e and reliable operation SGS o ersbetween each tank and trunk at topside. ammonia sensitive paint is spread over the welding seams to be tested, pre-services leak testing o newly the inert nitrogen/ammonia mixture Cargo is carried at -163 °C at near installed tanks. Also SGS introduces gas is ed internally through the test in-service leak testing and localisation atmospheric pressure, with the ranks material. The leak site and size can be eaturing a 250 mm insulation and a when the sa ety system indicates membrane o 1.2 mm thick corrugated detected by the location and diameter possible unsa e operations. o the discoloration o the sensitive stainless steel sheet. paint. This method is speci cally used Our services are compacted and highly specialised to make the turn around Leakages detected during operation can or application on welding seams. time as short as possible and will both occur due to sur ace cracks growing by locate leaks and ollow up any repair o ship movement and operation or as the n Helium (He) Leak Testing leaks. Speci cally or membrane type result o physical damages o the bottom This test is per ormed by introducing tankers localisation is very di cult dueo the tanks due to impact stress. helium gas into the internal space to its volume and limited access to the o the test material and overconcerned area. Regardless o type andTo locate leakages multiple technologies pressurising. The helium gas will fow size o leak, pin hole, arc strike, micro can be applied. Based on time rame, through any welding seam faws, crack and damage breakage should be expected damage and history, SGS cracks or pin holes. Any leaking repaired once localised, and SGS has will select and apply the most suitable helium gas will be sucked into a developed a proven and e cient technology. probe connected to a helium mass concept or this. spectrometer. Then the gas will be

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ionised in the ion chamber by an electronic beam generated by a lament. A helium ion collector gathers only helium ions and will send an ampli ed signal to the indicator. The leakage can be measured by the signal strength. This method is speci cally used or application on welding seams. n

MAIN APPLICATIONS n n n n

LNG carrier (Mark III type & NO 96 type as latest version) All kinds o storage tanks Pressure chambers Heat exchangers

SGS understands like no other the importance o sa e investment and cargo. Our network covers all important ports around the globe and we will be Pressure Change Measurement at your service anywhere and anytime. Testing Since the teams are speci cally skilled The total leakage can be measured and have a huge track record in these by evaluating the inside pressure advanced inspections, expertise is not change related to the time passed always available locally. Coordination in a decompressed or pressurised test object. This test is per ormed in takes place via our Korean expert o ce. addition to other technologies in orderWe will make your docking time as short to quickly locate easy detectable leaksas possible and will give clear and that can be repaired in an early stage. reliable results.

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ACOUSTIC EMISSION TESTING DETECTING AND LOCATING DEFECTS USING ACOUSTIC EMISSION

ADVANTAGES Acoustic Emission Testing (AET) is a o some meters in between. The Non-Destructive testing method that is in ormation collected by each o the n In-service continuous monitoring used to analyse emitted sound waves sensors is monitored through a with alarms is possible caused by de ects or discontinuities. computer. n Entire structure can be monitored These acoustic waves are induced by I de ects exist in some areas, the signal rom a ew locations character o the sensor attached near ton Global testing small de ormations, corrosion or cracking which occur prior to structure ailure. the discontinuation appears in a di erent n Integrated service o AET and way. By analysing the discontinuous pressure control There ore with AET it is possible to signals, it is possible to grasp the de ect n Increased sensitivity compared to locate structural de ects and to monitor position and suspicious area o the the tendency o discontinuities. conventional testing methods structure. n Shorter testing time than other NDT INSPECTION TECHNIqUE

n Real time monitoring APPLICATION Ultrasonic testing is one o the traditional Non-Destructive testing methods. In n Monitoring o pressure vessel during hydrostatic pneumatic testing contrast to general ultrasonic testing, n Leak detection o valves AET is a method which evaluates elasticity waves caused by the de ect n In-service loose part monitoring ormed in the inward o the specimen. n Leak detection o a LNG ship’s tank

In a large-sized structure, several sensors (Secondary barrier – new building are attached to the wall, leaving a space and in-service)

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ACOUSTIC LEAk TESTING OF PIPELINES LEAkAGE DETECTION OF IN-SERVICE PIPELINE BY ACOUSTIC LEAk TESTING

SMARTBALL PIPELINE MONITORING Pipelines are the most sa e way o The system is able to provide the ADVANTAGES transporting chemicals and oil. However,pipeline operator with an approximation pipelines are impacted both by the mediao any leak rate discovered. SmartBall n SmartBall maps a pipeline at high the transport and the environment is easily deployed using existing pig resolution – locating leak as small around them. To monitor the integrity o launching and receiving acilities, and as 0.5 gpm, leak locations are pipelines they need to be inspected can easily navigate through bends, accurately located up to an accuracy regularly but what i In-Line Inspection diameter changes, valves and other o a ew meters. SmartBall’s leak (ILI) is not possible and Guided Wave potential obstructions. detection sensitivity is ar superior Ultrasound is not applicable because the to that o ered by CPM systems. pipeline is buried? Acoustic Leak n SmartBall is easy to use (similar Detection will prevent your asset rom to as a cleaning pig), and its cost impacting the environment as any leak e ectiveness allows to routinely location and size will be accurately deploy the device. No additional identi ed. equipment needs to be installed on the line.

SMARTBALL

n

SmartBall provides pro-active monitoring to identi y small, pin-hole leaks that are not detected by conventional leak detection systems. Thereby allowing easier and less costly repairs, and avoiding more signi cant leaks down the road that may result in environmental damage and cost clean-up.

SmartBall is a ree swimming leak detection sphere, containing acoustic sensors that record leaks in liquid gas, oil and chemical transport pipelines. This cost-e ective and easy to deploy system is highly accurate in detecting and locating leaks. SmartBall contains proprietary acoustic sensing technologyAPPLICATION to identi y and locate very small leaks n Routine Leak Surveys o any fuid n SmartBall reduces alse alarms o ten (< 0.5 gpm). SmartBall travels inside the transport pipeline (also when standard generated by other systems. pipeline whereby the device directly ILI tools are not applicable) n SmartBall allows on-site processing passes any leak – clearly capturing the n Emergency leak location, minimisingor immediate results. noise created by even the smallest product loss and clean-up costs n SmartBall can be deployed in pipelines leaks. n Validation o alarms generated by as small as 4 inches in diameter. Computerised Pipeline Monitoring n SmartBall is also capable o traversing Conventional pig tracking units are (CPM) systems (with leak location) non-piggable pipelines as the ball used to track the device as it travels can be much smaller than the pipeline n Leak location during hydro tests through the pipeline, whereby the diameter. n Product the t detection location o any leak can be located with an accuracy o a couple o meters.

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INDUSTRIAL 3D TOMOGRAPHY NOTHING TO HIDE?

APPLICATION For decades we have studied on 2D Especially composite materials, light representations o materials to identi metals y and smaller parts can be 100% n Micro systems acceleration sensor (pores in glass adhesive, inclusion de ects and possible causes to ailure.inspected and analysed. 3D Tomography adds a new dimension in cavity) INSPECTION TECHNIqUE to de ect recognition, sizing, and n Crack detection inside the cement characterisation. This originally purelyX-Ray generator and detector (Image or polymer parts Intensi er) are stationary and the sample medical applied technology has n Inspection o GRP and CRP or high added value in ailure analysis, is rotated during the examination. internal discontinuities The digital detector registers 100’s o 3D modelling and NDT validations. n Evaluation tests o NDT procedures single cross sectional X-Ray images to detect certain de ects 3D-COMPUTERISED TOMOGRAPHY rom all angles in the computer which n Generate calibration data to set up reconstructs the inner-structural image. other NDT technologies Computerised Tomography (CT) visualises the physical structures in the interior o High speed computers process the data n Generate 3D CAD data o an existing an object without physically opening or into a complete 3D visual comprehensive object or reproduction (reverse cutting it. This tool is extremely power ulto understand and interpret. As the engineering) technology still develops, both accuracy n Optimising production methods o to analyse root causes o ailure. But also when other technologies need to be and object size are continuously components and materials applied in the eld or per ormance tests improving. SGS operates extreme are conducted, 3D Tomography delivers accurate and power ul systems to coverSGS integrates material testing and eld excellent insight in de ect characteristicsboth micro structures and electronics application o the best NDT methods or as well as larger components. and calibration data. both steel, polymer and GRP materials.

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DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY LOCATING, SIZING AND MONITORING OF CORROSION ON PIPING

APPLICATIONS phosphors, which retain the latent image. On-stream radiography on the ollowing When the imaging plate is scanned with a laser beam in the digitizer, the piping can be done latent image in ormation is released n Metal and plastics n Insulated piping as visible light. n Diameter range up till 22 inches In the industrial environment o re neries and chemical plants, inspections have This light is captured and converted into in special applications to be per ormed on a variety o di culta digital stream to compute the digital n During process ( lled) and even to reach locations, on pipes that might image. No chemical developer is needed. at high temperatures up to 250 °C be isolated and where people are working The image can be digitally enhanced n Problem solving on pipelines and around the clock. This is where Computed or interpretation and measurements, appendages (valves reducers, etc.) Radiography (CR) comes in. The thus a larger range o wall thicknesses ADVANTAGES execution o Computed Radiography is can be inspected. These images can similar to conventional radiography, yet be produced using an appreciable lower n Wall thickness can be measured digitally with higher accuracy and it has several important advantages. radiation dose or in less time. reproducibility INSPECTION TECHNIqUE First o all or CR weaker isotopes can n Due to the higher sensitivity o the The execution o Computed Radiography plates less be used to expose the “ lms” and the radiation dose is needed other advantage is the digital readout is similar to conventional radiography or the on-stream technique. The imagen The CR reports can be embedded o the wall thickness which highly improves accuracy and reproducibility. handling is di erent as a phosphor imagein AIM so tware plate is used instead o a conventional n Results available direct a ter In addition to abandoning the use o lm.The image plate stores 4096 grey chemicals, ast archiving o images is exposure values, which can be visually distributed possible. The results can be ully n No chemicals, darkroom or in several numbers o grey values integrated into any Asset Integrity developer needed Management (AIM) system to reliably Because o this, a wide variety o n Images are digitally archived; thickness ranges can be inspected in monitor and ollow up degradation. no quality loss and easier to trace only one image. The images can be and view Computed Radiography uses an imagingproduced using an appreciable lower n Image can be digitally enhanced and radiation dose compared to conventional optimised or digitally interpretation plate instead o a lm. The imaging plate contains photo-stimulable storage radiography.

On-stream radiographic imaging is one o the most used techniques or locating, sizing and monitoring o corrosion on piping when insulated.

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HEAT EXCHANGER LIFE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (HELAS) REMAINING LIFE ASSESSMENT BY MEASURING DEPTH OF CORROSION

ADVANTAGES OF HELAS TECHNOLOGY Heat exchangers are vital components the measurement o ultrasonic in your processes and good per ormanceimmersion length converted into n All materials can be inspected ensures sa e and energy e cient corrosion depth inside cooling water/air n High speed inspection o max. operations throughout time. There ore, n type tubes. Based on the maximum 200 mm/sec heat exchangers are regularly inspectedvalue o corrosion measured, extreme n Corrosion data acquisition max. and taken out o operation. SGS o ers value analysis is per ormed and 10,000 point/sec a complete package o inspection in andremaining li e o the heat exchanger n High precision data presentation around heat exchangers in order to (±0.15 mm o corrosion depth) estimated by evaluating the maximum create a ull set o data, which is easy corrosion depth which can exist in the n Remain Li e Assessment & Transition accessible and ready or ollow-up. whole heat exchanger. Graphs Several technologies and tools can be n Very comprehensive and portable EXTREME VALUE ANALYSIS applied depending on your pre erence, system history built so ar and technical The depth distribution o corrosion requirements. which occurs in speci c instruments Our service o er is a complete answer or equipment is di erent according on your primary request to ensure sa e HELAS has been developed to quickly to particular probability distribution. operation. Our job does not end with Each sample’s basic distribution ollows inspect heat exchangers where corrosion the report only. It will end with ull an index distribution and its maximum calculation o remaining li e time and is expected only inside o tubes. The inspection speed is much higher than distribution ollows Gumbel distribution.ollow-up inspections. with IRIS which makes the inspection SGS calculates the remaining li e by estimating the maximum corrosion aster and more e cient. All data is directly analysed and leads to a complete with MVLUE (Minimum Variance Linear li e time assessment and not only a ‘wallUnbiased Estimate) and MLH (Maximum thickness’ report. The basic principle is Likelihood) methods.

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RTJ FLANGE SPECIAL ULTRASONIC TESTING DETECTION OF GROOVE CRACkING WITHOUT BOLT DISMANTLING

Many stainless steel fanges used in highINSPECTION TECHNIqUE pressure and temperature conditions RTJ fange inspection is based on are a ected by cracking decreasing theultrasonic testing which sends ultrasonic process integrity. Up to now, general waves to the fange top only. penetrant testing has been used or the In contrast, SGS introduces the sound fange examination but this method waves obliquely and vertically to the needs dismantling o the fange and groove ace and fange top as well. rearrange a terwards. These scanning methods make it In case o standard ultrasonic testing possible to cover all o the groove the dead zone generated below bolt area including parts below bolt holes. holes is very signi cant and decreases the e ectiveness o inspections. SGS With the SGS method fanges larger than introduces an unique and very advanced4 inches can be inspected. The time inspection technique to inspect Ring required to inspect one pair o fanges Type Joint (RTJ) fanges or cracks in- is very short, and all unnecessary cost service without a dead zone. o dismantling and mounting can be prevented unless de ects have been ound. This technology really supports n our Asset Integrity Management (AIM) solution to make sure your assets n operate sa ely and e cient. ADVANTAGES n n n

Inspect all the fange groove area Unnecessary to dismantle bolts Unnecessary to rearrange pipes

n

Fast and accurate inspection critical de ects

or

Used to determine which fanges need to be opened during turnaround projects Can be used in service up to 70 °C

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FAST CORROSION SCREENING ADVANCED ULTRASONIC SCREENING METHOD

Most corrosion monitoring programmescorrosion, thereby allowing e ective C) De ect present that has a through-wall are ocused on time based monitoring odecision-making in ensuring long term extend which is likely to be greater pre-de ned measurement locations. integrity o equipment. Fast Corrosion than 30/40% But what i corrosion occurs in other Screening provides reliable data between locations or suspected locations are hard an extended probe separation up to 1 m.ADVANTAGES to access? Fast Corrosion Screening is a good n Probe separation up to 1 m addition to Guided Wave inspections. n 100% coverage o material between New technologies like Fast Corrosion Where Guided Wave inspections are the probes Screening and Guided Wave will identi more y suitable or screening large n Suitable or steel pipes and plates the corrosion locations that need to be distances (hundreds o meters piping n Sensitive to both internal and monitored. per day) Fast Corrosion Screening is external sur ace degradation better in assessing speci c areas, i.e. n Signal response gives in ormation on These technologies add value to your saddles and clamps. de ect severity Asset Integrity Management (AIM) n Tolerant to typical eld sur ace DEFECT CLASSIFICATION systems by increasing the e ectiveness conditions and thin coating o inspection programmes. The ultrasound signals provide an n Recommended or wall thickness indication o de ect severity. The signal ~3 to 100 mm FAST CORROSION SCREENING TECHNOLOGY responses can provide an indication n Pipe diameters > 4 inches Fast Corrosion Screening is a medium o any changes in the vessel wall n Suitable or inaccessible geometries range ultrasonic screening technique (either external or internal) and based such as inspecting under clamps and which provides ull volume inspection on current experience the responses saddles, pipe supports, tank foors o material between the transmitting are divided into three categories that and hal buried pipes and receiving probes. Fast Corrosion correspond to the ollowing de ect Screening can be used on both pipes extend and plates, and is especially suitable A) Nominal wall thickness loss o < 10% or inaccessible geometries such as (approximately) o through-wall extend clamps, saddles and pipe supports. or any de ect present This eliminates the need or expensive B) De ect present has a through-wall extend which is likely to be between shutdown but provides su cient ~10% and 30/40% in ormation to indicate areas o

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HYDROGEN INDUCED CRACkING DETECTION SAFETY EVALUATION AND HIC MONITORING ON PIPING AND VESSEL

Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) is a replacement has become absolutely n Parts where hydrogen corrosion ailure mechanism resulting in sudden critical. has occurred and accurate testing exposures and cracks due to growing is needed HIC INSPECTION TECHNIqUE laminations inside the base material n Scanner range: axial radius max and welds. Hydrogen Induced CrackingOur system scans steel plates and 300 mm is a mechanical racture caused by pipes. The system trans ers acquired n Possible testing specimen: pipe, penetration and di usion o atomic ultrasonic data to digital images with curved pipe, spherical sur ace, fat hydrogen into the internal structure o a resolution o 0.5*0.5 mm unit. plate (diameter > 150 mm) steel, which changes into molecular A ter printing sections, scan plans, ADVANTAGES hydrogen at internal inter ace betweenand side views calculations are non-metallic inclusion and base made. Connectivity and distribution n Very high resolution equipment o de ects and maximum damaged material. giving clear data presentation zones are reported. By using materials n Test speed: 150 mm/sec and racture mechanical strength Due to its nature it is extremely n Scanner accuracy: Maximum important to ollow this process closely calculation, your assets are evaluated ±0.5 mm whenever rst signs have been detected. or sa e use and monitoring. n Possibility to print an image o real de ect size APPLICATION Codes like API RP579 and NACE n Quantitative analysis, permanent RP0296-96 give good direction or integrity o data, periodic monitoring n Pipelines, towers, vessels, heat assessment o high temperature/high exchangers in aqueous sulphide and side by side analysis pressurised equipment but expertise environment o oil industry acilities, n Identi y the need to apply urther and experience in HIC inspections is petrochemical plants and oil NDT to con rm or increase integrity critical to assess correctly the damage transportation stage o materials and determine when

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GUIDED WAVE ADVANCED CORROSION INSPECTION TECHNOLOGY FOR PIPELINES AND PROCESS PIPING

Are you sure about the condition o your piping? What about the buried sections or the insulated parts? It is not easy to asses their condition in an e ective way. The piping may be located high above the ground where they cross roadways or other pipe racks. What do you know a ter some local spot measurements?

insulation. The ultrasound is transmitted supply more data than ever to take decisions about urther inspection or and received rom one single location. even replacement. The response rom the metal loss eature is a unction o the depth and METAL LOSS DETECTION IN PIPELINE circum erential extent o the metal loss. AND PROCESS PIPING Guided Wave tools are available as xed The Guided Wave technology uses low ring and modular ring. The xed ring requency guided ultrasound waves designs are suitable or pipe diameters travelling along the pipe, providing 100%up to 8 inches. For larger diameters, a coverage o the pipe length. In normalmodular ring up to 42 inches has been As process piping is a vital element application, tens o meters o piping may adopted. o your acilities, good understanding be inspected rom a single location. o their reliability is preventing Guided Wave inspections help you unexpected shutdowns or delays A ected areas are precisely located in to limit ollow-up inspection and during maintenance periods. Guided terms o distance rom the transducer maintenance to the areas o real interest Wave technology is a relatively new ring and highlighted or urther local where the piping was ound to be inspection technology with signi cant examination by visual or other de ective. advantages above any other spot conventional NDT methods. This non-destructive screening technique canThis considerably reduces the time and measurement. be used without extensive sca olding total cost o these activities. The Guided Wave technology screens and minimises the requirement o With Guided Wave you li t your inspection removing insulation along the piping. plan to a much more e ective level than 100% o the volume o the piping inspected or metal loss eatures such ever be ore. Our state-o -the-art Guided Wave as corrosion and erosion. The piping can be in operation, insulated and even be equipment generates waves propagating buried. Guided Wave technology will long distances, even beneath a layer o

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APPLICATIONS n n n n

Diameters 2“ to 42“ Temperatures rom -40 to 120 ºC Road crossings and buried pipelines Testing o elevated or complex piping rom convenient locations

n

n n n n

Detection o insulation

corrosion/erosion under

O shore process piping/riser inspection Re nery piping Chemical plant Power generation plant

FEATURES n

n

Screens pipelines and process piping or metal loss eatures

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100% coverage at rates o up to ½ km per day, dependent upon n the attenuation characteristics and geometry o the pipe

Able to distinguish between metal n Our Enhanced Focussing Capability loss and pipe eatures result in better localisation o de ects (welds, supports, bends, etc.) n Unique presentation o the inspection result with “Unrolled pipe display” Incorporation in your inspection plan aligned with VT, UT and RT so tware inspections

CONTACT US SGS INDUSTRIAL SERVICES COMPETENCE CENTRE NDT SPECIAL EXAMINATIONS

Malledijk 18, Postbus 200, 3200 AE Spijkenisse, The Netherlands T +31 181 693 703, F +31 181 693 587, [email protected] WWW.SGS.COM/NDT

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