Nokia Ultrasite Mha System

Nokia UltraSite MastHead Amplifier SYSTEMs

Jouni Pelkonen PE Project Manager Delivery Operations Nokia Networks

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CONTENT • Backround for MHA • UltraSite BTS sensitivity and Rx level reporting • MHA main parts and features • MHA power feed and gain control • Installation and installation verification • MHA Reliability

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Backround for MHA

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Benefits of Nokia MHA • • • • •

Increase coverage (50…100%) Balance Rx-Tx link in case of uplink limitation Improve system sensitivity Decrease mobile transmitted power MHA and Bias Tee interfaces smoothly with Nokia BTS's => no extra PDU's or complicated cable sets needed => type approved with Nokia BTS, to meet GSM specs (in terms of blocking, intermodulation and sensitivity)

BTS RX w/o MHA

BTS RX with MHA

BTS TX 4

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What is noise? (2) • Dependent on the receivers bandwidth, a certain level of noise can be captured. This noise is subsequently referred to as the thermal "noise floor" of the receiver • As an example, what is the thermal noise floor expressed in dBm in a GSM system at a temperature of +17 deg. Celcius, and a receiver demodulator bandwidth of 271 kHz ? Solution: NGSM = 10log[1000 × 1.38 × 10 −23 × 290 × 271000] NGSM = -119.6 dBm Note: Thermal Noise Floor is the noisefloor without TX or RX non-idealities 5

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Facts/Formula Overview (1) • System Sensistivity - The minimum usable signal level at the input of the system. This level must exceed the noise floor by the required carrier to noise ratio (C/N) ( Psystem) dBm = (kT 1B ) dBm + ( Fsystem ) dB + ((C / N ) min) dB

• Noise Figure for Amplifiers - Amplifiers generate additional noise relatively to the noise floor. The noise at the output of an amplifier with a noise factor F and a gain G is defined by ( Namp )linear = (kT 1BFG ) ( Namp ) dBm = 10 log(1000 × kT 1BFG )

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Facts/Formula Overview (2) • System Noise Factor - When cascading matched amplifiers/attenuators a resulting system noise factor will be generated according to Friis formula. It can be seen that the most dominant factors in the formula is the noise factor and gain of the first amplifier/attenuator in the cascade --> F1 and G1:

Fsystem

F2 − 1 F3 − 1 = F1 + + G1 G1G2

Note 1. In Friis formula Noise factors and Gains are linear values and not dB values

Noise factor = linear Noise figure = dB

Note 2. Conversion from dB values to linears are done according to: x (dB) = 10x/10 (linear) 7

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Implementation Overview 1 Hypothetical General Case

Noise Factor F1

Noise Factor Fn

Noise Factor F2

System Input Gain = G1

Gain = G2

st

nd

1 Amplifier Stage

2

amplifier stage

n

th

Gain = Gn subsequent amplifier stage

Resulting Noise Factor - Fsystem

The system noise factor for this implementation can be derived using Friis formula: Here we note that the stage 3 quotient F3-1/G1G2=0

Fsystem (linear ) = F 1 +

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F 2 − 1 Fn − 1 + G1 G1G 2

-->

Fsystem (linear ) = F 1 +

F 2 −1 G1

Implementation Overview 2 Feeder

Without MHA

Base Station

Noise Factor - F1

Noise Factor F2

Receiving Antenna Feeder Loss = L Gain G1= 1/L

Gain = G2 Resulting Noise Factor - Fsystem

The system noise factor for this implementation can be derived using Friis formula: Here we note that the stage 3 quotient F3-1/G1G2=0 and that the feeder loss is eqvivalent to the feeder noise factor, hence L=F1-->G1=1/F1

F 2 − 1 F3 − 1 Fsystem (linear ) = F 1 + + G1 G1G 2 Fsystem ( linear ) = F 1 + F2 × F1 − F1 9

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-->

-->

F 2 −1 Fsystem (linear ) = F 1 + 1 / F1 Fsystem ( linear ) = F2 × F1 Fsystem ( dB ) = 10 log( F2 ) + 10 log( F1 )

Implementation Overview 3 MHA

With MHA

Feeder + Base Station

Noise Factor - F1

Noise Factor - F2 Noise Factor F3

Gain= G1

Feeder Loss = L Gain G2= 1/L

Receiving Antenna Gain = G3

Resulting Noise Factor - Fsystem

The system noise factor for this implementation can be derived using Friis formula: We include the stage 3 quotient F3-1/G1G2 and note this time that L=F2 and hence G2=1/F2

F 2 − 1 F3 − 1 Fsystem (linear ) = F 1 + + G1 G1G 2

-->

F3 − 1 F 2 −1 + Fsystem (linear ) = F 1 + G1 G1 × 1 / F 2

1 1 Fsystem (linear ) = F 1 + [ F 2 − 1 + F 3 × F 2 − F 2] Fsystem (linear ) = F 1 + [ F 3 × F 2 − 1] --> G1 G1 Fsystem ( dB ) = 10 log[ F 1 + 10

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F3× F 2 1 − ] G1 G1

MHA - A Dramatic System Improvement, Example 3 - WCDMA Feeder + Connector Loss (dB) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

System Sensitivity Without an MHA With an MHA System NF System Sensitivity System NF System Sensitivity Improvement (dB) (dBm) (dB) (dBm) (dB) 3 -99.0 2.17 -99.8 0.8 4 -98.0 2.25 -99.7 1.7 5 -97.0 2.36 -99.6 2.6 6 -96.0 2.49 -99.5 3.5 7 -95.0 2.64 -99.3 4.4 8 -94.0 2.83 -99.2 5.2 9 -93.0 3.06 -98.9 5.9 10 -92.0 3.33 -98.7 6.7 11 -91.0 3.65 -98.3 7.4 12 -90.0 4.02 -98.0 8.0 13 -89.0 4.44 -97.5 8.6

Assumptions:

- BS NF is 3 dB - BS Demod BW is 5000 KHz - MHA NF is 2 dB - MHA Gain is 12dB - Digital Detection Threshold is 5 dB (Eb/No) - Temperature 17ºC = 290 K - Processing gain will improve the sensitivity (e.g. 25 11 additionally © NOKIA 1999 FILENAMs.PPT/ DATEdB / NN for Voice as an example)

HALF the System Noise Factor DOUBLE the System Sensitivity

Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS RF Performance • BTS Receiver Sensitivity Minimum BTS sensitivity value measured at BTS antenna connector (without MHA) or at MHA input connector when MHA is used. BTS sensitivity value with MHA is with high gain mast head amplifier especially designed for UltraSite BTS. Maximum feeder loss can be 7 dB in GSM900 and 10 dB in GSM1800/1900. Note that there is no full-band MHA1800 available.

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UltraSite BTS sensitivity and Rx level reporting

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UltraSite EDGE RX chain with/without MHA ANTENNA

UltraSite EDGE BTS FEEDER CABLE

TRX DVxx/RTxx High gain: +29,4dB (GSM1800)

• When using UltraSite GSM/EDGE MHA, feeder loss information is inputted with the HW configurator. Based on this data, needed RX chain gain is determined and filter unit variable gain is set accordingly to provide optimal performance.

ANTENNA

UltraSite EDGE BTS FEEDER CABLE MHA: 33dB

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TRX DVxx/RTxx Low Gain: -3.6dB...+6.4dB (GSM1800)

• UltraSite EDGE filter unit (DVxx/RTxx) has two gain settings: High gain (fixed): Without MHA Low gain (variable): With MHA

RX level reporting in UltraSite EDGE and Talk Without MHA ANTENNA -90dBm

FEEDER CABLE: 3dB

UltraSite EDGE BTS

RX level reporting point

Reported RX level: -93dBm

RX level reporting point

ANTENNA -90dBm

FEEDER CABLE: 3dB

Talk BTS

Reported RX level: -93dBm

• UltraSite EDGE and Talk: Received signal level of the BTS is measured in the TRX. From this measurement value, reported RX level is calculated such way that it shows RX level at the BTS antenna port (top of cabinet). It is noted that the signal received by the antenna is attenuated by the amount of the antenna feeder loss. 15

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RX level reporting in UltraSite EDGE and Talk With MHA ANTENNA

ANTENNA

FEEDER CABLE: 3dB

-90dBm

MHA: 33dB

RX level reporting point

UltraSite EDGE BTS

Reported RX level: -90dBm

Ultrasite EDGE: • RX level is reported at the input of the MHA. Since antenna feeder loss information is fed to the BTS HW configurator, RX level reporting shows correct received signal value at the antenna 16

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FEEDER CABLE: 3dB

-90dBm

MHA: 12dB

Talk BTS

RX level reporting point

Reported RX level: -81dBm

Talk: • RX level is reported at the BTS antenna connector the same way as without MHA

RX level reporting in UltraSite EDGE and Talk • Note: Talk family BTS always reports RX level at BTS antenna connector and therefore addition of MHA is seen as an increase of RX level. With UltraSite EDGE, addition of MHA does no change RX level reporting values that much, since reporting reference point is at MHA input when it is used. • Example:

Reported RX level Pin,ant=-90dBm Feeder loss=3dB UltraSite EDGE Talk Without MHA -93dBm -93dBm With MHA -90dBm -81dBm

• Change in RX level reporting, when adding a MHA, however, does not mean that system sensitivity would increase the same amount.

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System sensitivity without MHA • Definition of system sensitivity: Receiver input power level, at which specified bit error rate (BER) is achieved in a defined reference point • GSM spec defines sensitivity to be measured at BER=2% • Reference point for system sensitivity = Antenna • BTS sensitivity without MHA is typically specified at the BTS antenna connector • System sensitivity w/o MHA = ( BTS sensitivity ) – ( antenna feeder cable losses ) BTS sensitivity w/o MHA is specified at BTS antenna connector

ANTENNA FEEDER CABLE

Reference point for system sensitivity BTS

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System sensitivity with MHA • Degradation of system sensitivity due to feeder cable losses can be compensated by using a MHA • Specification of BTS sensitivity with MHA may vary from product to product: Talk: BTS sensitivity is only specified at BTS antenna connector, affect of MHA must be calculated separately UltraSite: When using a MHA, BTS sensitivity is specified at MHA input and separate sensitivity figures with MHA can be found from product documentation

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System sensitivity with MHA • System sensitivity: Talk: Calculated from BTS and MHA noise figure + feeder loss, see table on next page. Sensitivity is a function of feeder cable loss. UltraSite: System sensitivity = UltraSite sensitivity specification with MHA (see product documentation). Note that sensitivity remains constant regardless of the feeder loss ! Talk BTS sensitivity is only specified at BTS antenna connector

ANTENNA FEEDER CABLE MHA

UltraSite BTS sensitivity with MHA is specified at MHA input

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BTS

System sensitivity with MHA Antenna feeder loss

UltraSite EDGE system sensitivity (GSM1800) Without With MHA MHA MHA improvement

Talk system sensitivity (GSM1800) Without With MHA MHA MHA improvement

dB

dBm

dBm

dB

dBm

dBm

dB

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

-112 -111 -110 -109 -108 -107 -106 -105 -104 -103 -102

-112.5 -112.5 -112.5 -112.5 -112.5 -112.5 -112.5 -112.5 -112.5 -112.5 -112.5

0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5

-110 -109 -108 -107 -106 -105 -104 -103 -102 -101 -100

-111.7 -111.6 -111.5 -111.4 -111.2 -110.9 -110.7 -110.4 -110.0 -109.6 -109.1

1.7 2.6 3.5 4.4 5.2 5.9 6.7 7.4 8.0 8.6 9.1

Note: UltraSite system sensitivity remains constant regardless of feeder loss !!

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Up/downlink balance without MHA Up/down link balance / dB

Uplink limited output power range

+6 +4 Uplink limited

+2 0

Downlink limited

-2 -4 +36

+38

+40

+42

+44 Bypass+SRC/IDD

UltraSite GSM/EDGE output power range per combining type

RTC

WBC 4:1 © NOKIA 1999 FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Output power at BTS antenna connector / dBm

Bypass

WBC 2:1

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• In the uplink limited output power range, cell size is limited by BTS RX sensitivity resulting smaller RX coverage than TX • This imbalance can be compensated by using a MHA

Assumptions (GSM900): BTS RX sensitivity (2-way div): -113,5dBm Mobile RX sensitivity: -104dBm Mobile output power: +30dBm

MHA main parts and features

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Hi! I am an UltraSite MHA1800…...

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And AndI must I mustbebethe the famous famous WCDMA Dual MHA... WCDMA Dual MHA...

Dual Duplex (Nokia uses only this!) Antenna Port

Duplex Filter

Rx

Tx

Duplex Filter

Rx

Bias Tee BTS Port & DC Feed

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LNA Bypass Switch (not available in Ultra)

MHA main parts • dual low noise AMPLIFIERS in 2…3 staged and balanced design. • high Q dual DUPLEX FILTERS with integrated transmit filters. • LIGHTNING PROTECTION circuitry at BTS port (DC short at antenna port). • CURRENT EXTRACTION circuitry at BTS port for DC feed via feeder. • SUPERVISION CIRCUITRY (monitors the status of the amplifiers and sends an alarm signal to the BTS in case of an LNA failure). • VENTED DESIGN for maintenance free operation (GoreTex, drainpipe etc.).

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UltraSite EDGE MHA block diagram TX FILTER BTS

ANTENNA

GAIN ADJUSTMENT

RX FILTER

RX FILTER

DC CURRENT CURRENT SENSE CIRCUIT

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MHA current levels UltraSite EDGE

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WCDMA

Normal operation, typical

500…600 mA

50-190 mA

Failure of one amplifier

800…900 mA (MHA Alarm)

230…295 mA

Failure of both amplifiers 800…900 mA (MHA Alarm)

230…295 mA

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MHA Alarms • Alarm numbers

UltraSite EDGE 7606 TRX faulty 7607 TRX degraded

WCDMA 7653 7654

• Reported fault reasons UltraSite EDGE: * Fault in VSWR antenna monitoring - caused by high VSWR of the antenna line or low Tx power in the BiasT * Fault in the chain between power unit and MHA - MHA is broken or there is a problem in the chain from power unit to the MHA WCDMA: * Cell operation degraded, Mast head amplifier fault * Cell faulty, Antenna connection fault 29

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Bias Tee (with or w/o VSWR) • Functions: to feed power to MHA, to monitor VSWR, to provide lighting protection

BTS port

Alarm out DC pwr in

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Fwd. power coupler

DC block (capacitor)

Rvrs. power coupler

Broadband detectors level comparators alarm-sense logic

RF choke (inductor)

Lightning protection Transzorb fast-react GDT long-cycle

ANT port

UltraSite EDGE Bias Tee equipment

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Antenna Monitoring (VSWR) - Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) monitoring is optional in Ultra Bias Tee. - at the moment VSWR monitoring can be performed only on antenna lines including Tx, on BCCH antennas. - Pure Rx diversity antenna (TCH) can not be monitored by VSWR "Comparing RSSI Value" will do it in CX3 from BTS - The fixed VSWR thresholds are as follows: VSWR 2.6 or lower:

antenna operation OK

VSWR greater than 2.6:

indicates antenna fault

- An alarm is generated in case of antenna fault when VSWR threshold exceeded. -> alarm raised in the O&M system and the affected TRXs turned off.

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More about VSWR... - VSWR is designed to detect major faults in antenna line, not to be a high accuracy measurement feature - Note a big RL difference between the antenna line with MHA (e.g.15 dB) and without MHA (e.g. 20 dB)! - After BTS or sector reset the Bias Tees can automatically be 'placed' to pure Rx line by default -> use "Preferred BCCH TRX" feature - 'Call drop rate' and 'Handover success rate' are still good features/ referencies to make sure antenna line is OK

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MHA generations System

Bandwith Gain (MHz)

NF(dB)

25/35 3x25/FB 3x20

12dB adj. 12dB 12dB

2.3 1.8 1.8

yes yes yes

On bottom Bottom/In-line - >> -

MHA900 MHA1800 MHA1900

35 2x45 3x20/FB

32dB 33dB 33dB

2.5 1.9 1.8/2.2

no no no/yes

In-line ->>->>-

Basic/VSWR ->>->>-

WCDMA

60

12dB

1.9

yes

In-line

Basic/VSWR

Talk family: MHA900 MHA1800 MHA1900

UltraSite:

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By-pass switch

Connectors

BiasTee

Basic ->>->>-

High gain or low gain MHA? • UltraSite MHA includes practically all receiver gain. • with an MHA, the front end of BTS is passive power splitter, with loss only. • without an MHA, an LNA in BTS is used. • the gain of LNA can be chosen/adjusted so that UltraBTS accepts also a Talk MHA without blocking or deterioration in sensitivity.

• Talk and WCDMA MHA: • fixed gain LNA continuously switched ON in the front end of BTS receiver, before receiving • •

multicoupler. May overdrive if 33 dB MHA is installed before that. these MHAs are only used to compensate for feeder loss.

• Differences: • if all the gain in MHA (high gain) -> 0.3–0.5 dB better (front end) noise figure and respectively

the better system sensitivity that is very stabile and can not be affected by any level of

feeder loss.

• an MHA with low gain is a bit unexpensive because the amplification is done with one FET only and not with two serial FETs. Additionally an LNA with fixed gain in BTS is cheaper.

• Decision between these two solution has been done program by program. 35

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MHA power feed and gain control

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UltraSite EDGE BTS - MHA control principal MHA

B IA S - T

A n te n n a c o n n e c to rs 1 -1 2

M H A P W R c o n n e c to r

V S W R M O N P W R c o n n e c to r

M H A D C c o n n e c to rs 1 -1 2

V S W R a la r m in p u ts 1 -1 2

B ia s - T In te rfa c e M o d u le

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M H A D C p o w e r (1 2 V ) 1 -1 2 In te rfa c e M o d u le 12

I2 C -B U S

+12 V 6

Base Operations and Interface unit

BOI

6

PW S

6

6

PW S

6

6

PW S

I2 C -B U S

C o m m o n S u b ra c k

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UltraSite EDGE BTS - The rules to use MHA output lines in PWS unit # of PWS unit

PWS location 1 (left most)

PWS location 2 (middle)

PWS location 3 (right most)

2

7-12

1-6

Not installed

2

1-6

Not installed

7-12

2

Not installed

7-12

1-6

3

1-6

Outputs OFF

(Redundant) 7-12

If one PWS unit gets faulty or is removed from the cabinet then redundant unit will start immediately feeding unpopulated MHA output lines. If two PWS units are installed and the (1-6) PWS gets faulty, then the (712) PWS is switched to (1-6). 38

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Gain setting in UltraSite EDGE BTS 1. Open Nokia BTS HW Configurator 2. Choose masthead amplifier type: MHA, MNxx, or None for each antenna MHA -> Talk family MHAs (12dB) MNxx -> UltraSite MHA (33dB). Note! If Talk MHA is chosen, the BTS/DVD gain will be fixed/high. If UltraSite MNxx is chosen, the gain/attenuation of the BTS/DVD can still be adjusted between low and high (appr. -3.6 dB… +6.4 dB). Either Cable Loss or Gain Settings value can be changed.

3. Operation and alarm current tresholds adjust accordingly 4. Finally, configuration must be sent to BTS for it to take effect 39

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…gain setting in UltraSite EDGE BTS

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…gain setting in UltraSite EDGE BTS

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RX-chain gain UltraSite EDGE MHA UltraSite EDGE BTS ANTENNA

MHA

BTS RX-chain nominal gain is 30.5 dB DVDx high gain - MH2A - BTS Internal cables + TSDA = 30.5 dB

Mobile RF power at antenna connector:

When Ultra MHA is used DVDx is set to Low gain. DVDx Low gain path is variable. GSM 1800 DVDx Low gain can set between -3.6dB...+6.4dB. Adjustment range is 10 dB (GSM1800 and GSM1900).

Gain: 33dB ±1dB

Now feeder cable loss is also taken into account. MHA - Feeder cable + (or -) DVDx low gain - MH2A - BTS Internal cables + TSDA = 30.5 dB Feeder cable Gain: 0 ... -10 dB (Loss)

BTS

Cable Gain -0.45dB (Loss)

Example when feeder cable loss is -6 dB and MHA is used. DVDx Low gain is to +2.4dB. +33dB-6dB+2.4dB-8.3dB-1.0dB+10.4dB = 30.5 dB Cable Gain -0.35dB (Loss)

DVDB High Gain: 29.4dB ±1.6 dB Low Gain: -3.6dB to +6.4dB

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Cable Gain -0.2dB (Loss) MH2A Gain: -8.3 dB ±0.5dB

Detection TSDA Gain: 10.4 dB ±2,5dB

Installation and Installation Verification

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MHA pole installation (MHA 900/1800 in pic.) Pole Metal bands

MHA

Grounding stud Draining pipe pointing downwards. 44

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MHA wall installation

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Correct installation?

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Correct installation?

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Correct installation?

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BTS/Bias Tee Interface module, UltraSite EDGE DC Power Input connectors from BTS

Power connectors SMB female 12 pcs

VSWR alarm connectors SMB male 12 pcs 49

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VSWR Alm connector

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Bias Tee Installation – Indoor, UltraSite EDGE

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Bias Tee Installation – Outdoor, UltraSite EDGE (Note! Termination Plate to be used only in Outdoor cabinet with AC filter Unit.)

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Bias Tee installation in Outdoor UltraSite EDGE BTS

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Connecting jumpers to Bias Tees

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Bias Tee Installation in WCDMA Optima Compact BTS

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Bias Tee Installation in WCDMA Indoor Supreme BTS

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Bias Tee Installation in Ultrasite (WCDMA Mods) - Outdoor

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Bias Tee Installation in Ultrasite (WCDMA Mods) - Indoor

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MHA installation hints • All MHA eqmt have been fully tested in production; no need to repeat stand alone testing in the field, visual check is enough • Check that you are using correct sub band (1800!) • Only vertical installation allowed! • Max. 1/2” jumper allowed to connect to the MHA • 25...30 Nm torque for MHA connectors allowed • Improper installation can cause intermittent alarms or decrease functionality, e.g. water in connection, however the MHA can be OK! • Touching to 7/16” connectors can decrease system performance! • MHA grounding always recommended • In coastal areas and in islands, use extreme weather proofing for all connections (see Antenna Line Technical Bulletin)! 59

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MHA System installation verification • Basic msmt: Return loss for the antenna line, first without, then with an MHA • VSWR more accurate than RL msmt when converted to DTF mode • If all reflections (of connectors, jumpers, feeder) are in the same phase -> can cause very poor result even if individual components are ok -> RL can be as low as 9-10 dB - use DTF - if no peak is higher than the others, the result can be true - if result remains lower than 11 dB, contact Site Mgr

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...MHA System installation verification • Always do calibration properly - for tst cables, adapters, connectors - good calibration kit • With SiteMaster - check that you are using cont. sweep mode, not single sweep - check that msmt is not out-of-scale (->use autoscale) • Bias Tee - Return Loss msmt - DC continuity, between center pin of 7/16 and opposite end's SMB connetors

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MHA Tester MHA Tester Tool is used to monitor the condition of MHA. It measures the current drawn by MHA and shows if MHA is operating normally or not. The tool can monitor Nokia Talk-, Ultra- and WCDMA MHA’s. Tool can be used for two purposes: To monitor MHA condition. To power up the MHA for antenna line VSWR if msmt in Rx band.

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MHA Installation Verification 1) Check all connections 2) Any component in antenna line can be broken; However MHA is the only active eqmt that can generate an alarm, also MHA alarm is the only alarm that is reported -> it is not necessarily MHA that is broken!!

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•

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UltraSite EDGE & WCDMA MHA Products CS72991.01

Masth.Amp.MNGA900, Rx:880-915 MHz

CS72991.02

Masth.Amp.MNTB850 R, Rx:824-849 MHz

CS72992.02

Masth.Amp.MNDB1800, Rx:1740-1785 MHz

CS72992.03

Masth.Amp.MNDA1800, Rx:1710-1755 MHz

CS72993.08

Masth.Amp.MNPF FB1900, Rx:1850-1910 MHz

CS72995.05

WMHB, WCDMA Dual MHA, Rx:1920-1980 MHz

CS7299411

Bias Tee WBNB 800/1900 EDGE non VSWR

CS7299412

Bias Tee WBVC 800/900 EDGE with VSWR

CS7299413

Bias Tee WBVB 1800/1900 EDGE with VSWR

CS7299611

Bias Tee WBVA 1900/2100 WCDMA with VSWR

CS7299613

Bias Tee WBNB 1900/2100 WCDMA non VSWR

CS7299420

Bias Tee 1800/1900, VSWR and sniffer

Note! MHAs always include pole mounting bracket. Bias Tees always include pwr/alm cable. 67

© NOKIA 1999 FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

MHA Reliability

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© NOKIA 1999 FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

MHA Validation by Nokia • Component level, layouts, etc. according to Nokia requirements • All electrical figures compatibility fully tested • Environmental tests (incl. salt spray test) • Operational and alarm current window testing • Other tests done in co-operation with vendors: Vibration, chock tests, lightning, max.power handling, etc. -> for operation, storage and transportation • System and Type Approval tests - EMC - RF (IM, sensitivity, blocking) - safety 69

© NOKIA 1999 FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

MHA Reliability • MTBF is - a design comparison done in favourable conditions (at 25°C) - typically Nokia MHAs have a very high MTBF value (400kh…) • Field Returns - MTBF design data don't take into account: - installation quality - other handling of units - mechanical/operator issues - NFF units - Even 30% of returned units can be NFF “no fault found”! - Field MTBF have been proven to be 2 times the calculated figure! • Nokia delivered nearly half a mill. MHAs by today

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© NOKIA 1999 FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

MHA Support MHA Contacts:

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Product Mgr

Tomi Karvonen

Aux PE Project Mgr

Jouni Pelkonen

Aux Customer Care

Juha Kassinen

BSS System Support Mgr

Juha Määttä

© NOKIA 1999 FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN