Nia 315

 

H@J 5:=, @dmht`i`eje`õh y mvjcuje`õh dmc r`mslk dm mrrkr bjtmr`jc  bjtmr`jc  Ekhs`dmrje`khms sknrm irjudm qum dmnmh fjemrsm mh uhj jud`tkrâj dm mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks , dmi`hm mc ekhemptk dm –irjudm‒ y dm –mrrkr‒ dm cj s`lu`mhtm bjhmrj?   Irjudm.. D`stkrs`khms prkvkejdjs mh mc rml`strk dm cjs kpmrje`khms y mh cj `hikrbje`õh i`hjhe`mrj k Irjudm jetks `htmhe`khjcms pjrj sustrjmr jet`vks (rknk), u keuctjr knc`lje`khms qum t`mhmh k pumdmh tmhmr uh `bpjetk s`lh`i`ejt`vk mh cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks suomtks j mxjbmh.   Mrrkr . ]h mrrkr hk `htmhe`khjc mh cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks `hecuymhdk cj kb`s`õh dm uh `bpkrtm k rmvmcje`õh. Qkr ekhvmhe`khjc`sbks `htmrhje`khjcms qum fjh mstjdk v`lmhtms durjhtm buefks júks, y pjrj eubpc`r ekh cjs ji`rbje`khms qum cks jud`tkrms fjemh mh cj rmdjee`õh dm su kp`h`õh, mc r`mslk dm `heubpc`b`mhtk ekh cjs hkrbjs dm `hikrbje`õh i`hjhe`mrj k eujcqu`mr ktrk bjrek ekhtjncm dm rmimrmhe`j, sm ekhkem ekbk r`mslk dm mrrkr `bpkrtjhtm mh cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks.   Cjs Hkrbjs dm jud`tkrâj dmser`nmh cjs trms njsms mh cjs qum dmsejhsj cj kp`h`õh dmc jud`tkr, cjs eujcms mstêh ekbpumstjs pkr prkemd`b`mhtks dm jud`tkrâj qum?    

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Jpkrtmh cj ekbprmhs`õh sknrm cj mht`djd mht`djd y su m mhtkrhk htkrhk (`hecuymhdk su ms mstrueturj trueturj dm ekhtrkc `htmrhk), pjrj mvjcujr mc r`mslk dm mrrkr `bpkrtjhtm j h`vmc dm mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks y pjrj d`smújr cj hjturjcmzj, kpkrtuh`djd y jcejhem dm cks prkemd`b`mhtks dm jud`tkrâj j jpc`ejr.   ^mtmh mc mc iuhe`khjb`mhtk mimet`vk dm cks ekhtrkcms ekhtrkcms d`smújdks pjrj cj prmvmhe`õh k cj dmtmee`õh dm mrrkrms `bpkrtjhtms j h`vmc dm cjs jsmvmrje`khms rmcmvjhtms dm cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks, bmd`jhtm cj jpc`eje`õh dm prkemd`b`mhtks –sunsmeumhtms‒ dmhkb`hjdks prumnjs dm ekhtrkc.   Dmtmetmh mrrkrms `bpkrtjhtms, j h`vmc dm jsmvmrje`khms rmcmvjhtms dm cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks, bmd`jhtm cj jpc`eje`õh dm ktrks prkemd`b`mhtks –sunsmeumhtms‒ dmhkb`hjdks –sunsmeumhtms‒  dmhkb`hjdks prumnjs sustjht`vjs, cjs eujcms `hecuymh prumnjs dm vmr`i`eje`õh dm trjhsjee`khms, sjcdks y rmvmcje`khms, jsâ ekbk jhjcât`ejs.

Qjrj cklrjr cj `dmht`i`eje`õh dm r`mslks k b`h`b`zjr mc r`mslk dm hk dmtmetjrcks, mc jud`tkr jpc`ej prkemd`b`mhtks k bmejh`sbks dm d`vmrsj d`vmrsj âhdkcm. ]h bmd`k pjrj cklrjr mstm prkemsk ms mc qum mc jud`tkr kntmhlj uh jdmeujdk y ekbpcmtk ekhke`b`mhtk y ekbprmhs`õh dm cj mht`djd euyks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks skh suomtks j mxjbmh, dmc mhtkrhk mh qum kpmrj y dm su mstrueturj dm ekhtrkc `htmrhk, qum cm pmrb`tjh kntmhmr cjs njsms pjrj mc d`smúk m `bpcmbmhtje`õh dm cjs rmspumstjs (prkemd`b`mhtks dm jud`tkrâj) pjrj mhirmhtjr cks r`mslks `dmht`i`ejdks y mvjcujdks.

 

Dm jeumrdk ekh cj Hkrbj @htmrhje`khjc dm Jud`tkrâj, 5:=, @dmht`i`eje`õh y mvjcuje`õh dm r`mslk dm mrrkr `bpkrtjhtm j trjvàs dmc ekhke`b`mhtk y cj ekbprmhs`õh dm cj mht`djd y dm su mhtkrhk , hkrbj qum mhtrõ mh v`lkr mh >1:1, àstj t`mhm ekbk knomt`vk qum mc jud`tkr mht`mhdj j cj mht`djd, j su mhtkrhk y j su mstrueturj dm ekhtrkc `htmrhk ekh knomtk dm mvjcujr mc ^M@MI suomtks j jud`tkrâj, dmn`dk j irjudm k j mrrkr y d`smújr m `bpcmbmhtjr cks prkemd`b`mhtks dm jud`tkrâj jdmeujdks, nusejhdk tjbn`àh qum mc jud`tkr cklrm?        

Mhtmhdmr mc mhtkrhk dm ekhtrkc mh mc qum kpm kpmrj rj k sm dmsmhvumcvm uhj mht`djd. Mvjcujr mc ^M@MI tkbjdk mh ekhouhtk.  @dmht`i`ejr cjs jsmvmrje`khms dm cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks prkpmhsks j mrrkrms.   Mhtmhdmr eujcqu`mr ekhtrkc ekhtrkc `bpcmbmhtjdk pkr cj jdb`h`strje`õh dm uhj mht`djd y pkhmr j prumnj cj kpmrje`õh mimet`vj dm cks ekhtrkcms mh cks qum sm sustmhtjh cjs jsmvmrje`khms dm cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks.  

 

@dmht`i`ejr y mvjcujr mc r`mslk dm mrrkr `bpkrtjhtm rmcje`khjdk ekh ejdj uhj dm cjs jsmvmrje`khms dm cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks.  

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Qrkemsk dm mvjcuje`õh dm r`mslks  Cj hkrbj rmqu`mrm qum mc jud`tkr mxtmrhk jpc`qum prkemd`b`mhtks dm jud`tkrâj d`smújdks pjrj `dmht`i`ejr y mvjcujr cj mx`stmhe`j dm mrrkrms `bpkrtjhtms k s`lh`i`ejt`vks j h`vmc dm mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks y j h`vmc dm cjs jsmvmrje`khms prmsmhtjdjs mh d`efks mstjdks, fje`mhdk cj jecjrje`õh dm qum mc fmefk dm qum mc jud`tkr mxtmrhk fjyj eubpc`dk ekh mstm prkemsk hk rmprmsmhtj qum fjyj kntmh`dk sui`e`mhtm y jprkp`jdj mv`dmhe`j dm jud`tkrâj pjrj sustmhtjr su kp`h`õh prkims`khjc. Jc rmspmetk, dmnm tmhmrsm mh eumhtj qum cks prkemd`b`mhtks d`smújdks pjrj mimetks dm cj mvjcuje`õh dm r`mslks, pumdmh k dmnmh ekhs`dmrjr, mhtrm ktrjs, cjs s`lu`mhtms jee`khms k prkemd`b`mhtks?     Dmsdm

mc prkemsk dm mvjcuje`õh dmc prkspmetk dm uh ec`mhtm k dm ekht`hujr ekh uhk mx`stmhtm, mc jud`tkr mxtmrhk dmnm mstjr jcmrtj pjrj –pmsejr‒ (dmtmetjr) s`tuje`khms k fmefks qum pud`mrjh smr `hd`ejt`vks dm cj mx`stmhe`j dmc ^M@MI, bmd`jhtm?   

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Eumst`khjb`mhtks j cj jdb`h`strje`õh jdb`h`strje`õh y j e`mrtk e`mrtk pmrskhjc smcmee`khjdk dm dm cj mht`djd, pjrj kntmhmr `hikrbje`õh qum jyudm jc jud`tkr k pjrj `dmht`i`ejr r`mslks dm mrrkr `bpkrtjhtm dmn`dk j irjudm k j mrrkr.   Jpc`eje`õh dm prkemd`b`mhtks dm rmv`s`õh jhjcât`ej lmhmrjc y dm knsmrvje`õh m `hspmee`õh.  

  Eujhdk mc jud`tkr mxtmrhk fj rmjc`zjdk trjnjoks k tmh`dk mxpmr`mhe`js jhtmr`krms, rmspmetk j uh

prkspmetk dm ec`mhtm, ekh uhk dm pr`bmrj vmz k ekh uhk rmeurrmhtm, dmnm mvjcujr ck jprkp`jdk dm ekhs`dmrjr cks rmsuctjdks kntmh`dks dm msjs mxpmr`mhe`js prmv`js, ekh knomtk dm ekhtjr ekh mcmbmhtks qum cm jpkymh mh su prkemsk dm dmtmee`õh y mvjcuje`õh dmc ^M@MI.     ]hj

jet`v`djd dmhtrk dmc prkemsk dm uhj jud`tkrâj qum pumdm djr rmsuctjdks sjt`sijetkr`ks mh mc prkemsk dm dmtmrb`hje`õh y mvjcuje`õh dm r`mslks ms mc qum cks momeut`vks ecjvm dm uhj jud`tkrâj (ske`k j ejrlk, lmrmhtm y supmrv`skr, mh e`mrtks ejsks mc momeut`vk rmv`skr `hdmpmhd`mhtm k mc ske`k ekheurrmhtm) emcmnrmh rmuh`khms dm trjnjok, euyk knomt`vk pr`bkrd`jc smj d`seut`r sknrm cj susempt`n`c`djd dm cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks j `hecu`r mrrkrms `bpkrtjhtms.  

Mc mhtmhd`b`mhtk dm cj mht`djd, dm su mhtkrhk y mstrueturj dm ekhtrkc `htmrhk   Cj mht`djd y su mhtkrhk. mhtkrhk . Mstj jet`v`djd sm ekhs`dmrj pr`kr`tjr`j, pums s`rvm dm `hsubk pjrj mc rmstk dmc prkemsk dmc trjnjok y p`dm jc jud`tkr qum cklrm uh jdmeujdk mhtmhd`b`mhtk dm, mhtrm ktrks, cks s`lu`mhtms jsuhtks?   

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Cks ijetkrms `bpkrtjhtms dm cj cj `hdustr`j mh qum kpmrj kpmrj cj mht`djd, dm cks krljh`sbks rmlucjdkrms j qum mstê suomtj y dm ktrks ijetkrms mxtmrhks, `hecuymhdk mc bjrek dm cjs H@@I jpc`ejncm, qum cm jimetjh. Cj hjturjcmzj dm cj mht`djd qum `hecuym? sus kpmrje`khms, su msqumbj jee`kh jee`khjr`k jr`k y mstrueturjs dm lkn`mrhk ekrpkrjt`vk, cks t`pks dm `hvmrs`khms qum mstê rmjc`zjhdk y qum t`mhm prmv`stk fjemr, cj mstrueturj dm cj mht`djd y eõbk mstê i`hjhe`jdj. Cjs pkcât`ejs ekhtjncms smcmee`khjdjs y jpc`ejdjs. Mc jud`tkr mvjcujrê s` cjs pkcât`ejs ekhtjncms knsmrvjdjs skh jdmeujdjs pjrj mc t`pk dm hmlke`k jc qum sm jpc`ejh y s` skh ekhs`stmhtms ekh mc bjrek ekhemptujc dm cjs H@@I jpc`ejncm y ekh cjs pkcât`ejs ekhtjncms rmcmvjhtms ut`c`zjdjs mh cj `hdustr`j j cj qum pmrtmhmem cj mht`djd.  Cks knomt`vks knomt`vks y mstrjtml`js dm cj mht`djd y cks r`mslks dm hmlke`k rmcje`khjdks qum pumd pumdmh mh rmsuctjr mh r`mslk dm mrrkr `bpkrtjhtm. Cj mvjcuje`õh (bmd`e`õh y rmv`s`õh) dmc dmsmbpmúk i`hjhe`mrk dm cj mht`djd.

Tkdk ck jhtmr`kr pmrb`t`rê jc jud`tkr mhtmhdmr cks t`pks dm trjhsjee`khms, cjs eumhtjs dm njcjhem y cjs rmvmcje`khms qum mspmrj qum ekhtmhljh cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks suomtks j mxjbmh.  

Mstrueturj dm ekhtrkc `htmrhk 

 

Mhtmhd`b`mhtk . Mc jud`tkr mhtmhdmrê cks jspmetks dm cj mstrueturj dm ekhtrkc `htmrhk mh v`lkr mh cj Mhtmhd`b`mhtk. mht`djd qum smjh rmcmvjhtms pjrj cj jud`tkrâj. Jc rmspmetk, dmnm ekhs`dmrjr qum juhqum cj bjykrâj dm cks ekhtrkcms skh rmcmvjhtms pjrj uhj jud`tkrâj, ms prknjncm qum mstàh rmcje`khjdks ekh cj `hikrbje`õh i`hjhe`mrj, hk tkdks cks ekhtrkcms qum sm rmcje`khjh ekh d`efj `hikrbje`õh skh rmcmvjhtms pjrj uhj jud`tkrâj. Ekhs`dmrjr s` uh ekhtrkc, dm bjhmrj `hd`v`dujc k mh ekbn`hje`õh ekh ktrks ms rmcmvjhtm pjrj cj jud`tkrâj, ms uhj eumst`õh dm ou`e`k prkims`khjc dmc jud`tkr.   Hjturjcmzj y jcejhem dmc mhtmhd`b`mhtk dm cks ekhtrkcms rmcmvjhtms. rmcmvjhtms . Eujhdk mc jud`tkr fj ekbprmhd`dk y mhtmhd`dk cks ekhtrkcms qum skh rmcmvjhtms pjrj uhj jud`tkrâj, àstm mvjcujrê mc d`smúk dm msks ekhtrkcms y dmtmrb`hjrê y prknjrê s` fjh s`dk pumstks mh iuhe`khjb`mhtk, pjrj ck eujc jpc`ejrê cks prkemd`b`mhtks dm jud`tkrâj qum ekhs`dmrm jdmeujdks mh cjs e`reuhstjhe`js qum dmnmh ekbpcmbmhtjrsm ekh prmluhtjs fmefjs jc pmrskhjc dm cj mht`djd.   Ekbpkhmhtms dmc ekhtrkc `htmrhk. `htmrhk. Mc jud`tkr dmnm kntmhmr uh jdmeujdk mhtmhd`b`mhtk dm cj mstrueturj dm ekhtrkc `htmrhk y dm sus ekbpkhmhtms, `bpcjhtjdk mh uhj mht`djd, ekbk s`lum?   Mhtkrhk dm ekhtrkc. ekhtrkc. Um cklrjrê uhj ekbprmhs`õh jdmeujdj dmc jbn`mhtm dm ekhtrkc mh qum kpmrj cj mht`djd, pjrj ck eujc mvjcujrê s` cj jdb`h`strje`õh, njok cj v`l`cjhe`j dm cks mhejrljdks dmc lkn`mrhk ekrpkrjt`vk, fj ermjdk, bjhtmh`dk y ikbmhtjdk uhj eucturj dm fkhmst`djd y ekbpkrtjb`mhtk àt`ek7 y s` cjs ikrtjcmzjs dm cks mcmbmhtks dmc mhtkrhk dm ekhtrkc, dm bjhmrj ekhouhtj, prkpkre`khjh uh sustmhtk jdmeujdk pjrj cks ktrks ekbpkhmhtms dmc ekhtrkc `htmrhk, y s` àstks rmsuctjh jimetjdks hmljt`vjbmhtm, dmn`dk j cjs dmn`c`djdms mh cks mcmbmhtks dmc mhtkrhkdm ekhtrkc. Qrkemsk dm mvjcuje`õh dm r`mslks. r`mslks . Um `hvmst`ljrê y mhtmhdmrê s` cj mht`djd t`mhm mstjncme`dk uh prkemsk pjrj? `dmht`i`ejr cks r`mslks dm hmlke`k qum skh rmcmvjhtms pjrj mc cklrk dm cks knomt`vks dm cj `hikrbje`õh i`hjhe`mrj7 mst`bjr cj `bpkrtjhe`j dm cks r`mslks7 mvjcujr cj prknjn`c`djd dm su keurrmhe`j, y dme`d`r sknrm cjs jee`khms j smlu`r pjrj fjemr irmhtm j msks r`mslks. Eujhdk uhj mht`djd fj mstjncme`dk uh prkemsk dm mvjcuje`õh dm r`mslks, mc jud`tkr kntmhdrê uhj ekbprmhs`õh dm d`efk prkemsk, jsâ ekbk dm cks rmsuctjdks cklrjdks. U` hk t`mhm mstjncme`dk uh prkemsk dm mvjcuje`õh dm r`mslks k s` hk eumhtj ekh uh prkemsk jdmeujdk, mc jud`tkr d`seut`rê ekh cj jdb`h`strje`õh dm cj mht`djd s` cks r`mslks dm hmlke`k, qum skh rmcmvjhtms pjrj cks prkpõs`tks dm su `hikrbje`õh i`hjhe`mrj, fjh s`dk `dmht`i`ejdks y eõbk iumrkh trjtjdks. Mc jud`tkr mvjcujrês` cj jusmhe`j dm uh prkemsk dm mvjcuje`õh dm r`mslks dkeubmhtjdk ms mc jprkp`jdk mh cjs e`reuhstjhe`js k rmprmsmhtj uhj dmn`c`djd `bpkrtjhtm mh cj mstrueturj dm ekhtrkc `htmrhk dm cj mht`djd. U`stmbjs dm `hikrbje`õh, `hecu`dks cks rmcje`khjdks ekh cks prkemsks dm hmlke`k, rmcmvjhtms pjrj cj `hikrbje`õh i`hjhe`mrj, y dm ekbuh`eje`õh. ekbuh`eje`õh. Um kntmhdrê uh mhtmhd`b`mhtk dmc s`stmbj dm `hikrbje`õh, `hecuymhdk cks s`stmbjs rmcje`khjdks ekh cks prkemsks dm hmlke`k, qum skh rmcmvjhtms pjrj cj `hikrbje`õh i`hjhe`mrj? cks d`imrmhtms t`pks k ecjsms dm trjhsjee`khms lmhmrjdjs pkr cjs kpmrje`khms dm cj mht`djd qum skh s`lh`i`ejt`vjs pjrj cj `hikrbje`õh i`hjhe`mrj7 cks prkemd`b`mhtks, tjhtk cks rmcje`khjdks ekh cj T@ ekbk ekh cks s`stmbjs bjhujcms, bmd`jhtm cks eujcms cjs trjhsjee`khms skh `h`e`jdjs, rml`strjdjs, prkemsjdjs, ekrrml`djs, dm smr hmemsjr`k, trjhsimr`djs jc c`nrk bjykr y rmpkrtjdjs mh cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks7 cks rml`strks ekhtjncms rmcje`khjdks, cj `hikrbje`õh dm skpkrtm y cjs eumhtjs mspmeâi`ejs qum skh ut`c`zjdjs pjrj `h`e`jr, rml`strjr, prkemsjr y rmpkrtjr cjs trjhsjee`khms, `hecuymhdk cj ekrrmee`õh dm `hikrbje`õh `hekrrmetj y eõbk ms trjhsimr`dj cj `hikrbje`õh jc c`nrk bjykr.   Cks rml`strks pumdmh smr bjhujcms y/k mcmetrõh`eks7 mc s`stmbj dm `hikrbje`õh ejpturj cks mvmhtks y cjs s`tuje`khms qum skh d`imrmhtms j cjs trjhsjee`khms –hkrbjcms‒ k –rmeurrmhtms‒ y qum skh s`lh`i`ejt`vks pjrj cj `hikrbje`õh i`hjhe`mrj7 mc prkemsk dm mstj ÿct`bj ut`c`zjdk pjrj prmpjrjr mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks, `hecuymhdk cjs mst`bje`khms ekhtjncms y cjs rmvmcje`khms, y cks ekhtrkcms mstjncme`dks sknrm cjs põc`zjs dm d`jr`k, `hecuymhdk cjs põc`zjs hk mstêhdjr, ut`c`zjdjs pjrj rml`strjr trjhsjee`khms hk rmeurrmhtms, `husujcms k joustms. Jdmbês, sm kntmhdrê uhj ekbprmhs`õh dm eõbk sm ekbuh`ejh, dmhtrk dm cj mht`djd, cjs rmspkhsjn`c`djdms mh mc prkemsk dm prmpjrje`õh dm cj `hikrbje`õh i`hjhe`mrj y dm eumst`khms s`lh`i`ejt`vjs rmcje`khjdjs ekh cj `hikrbje`õh i`hjhe`mrj. 

 

Jet`v`djdms dm ekhtrkc rmcmvjhtms pjrj cj jud`tkrâj.Um jud`tkrâj .Um kntmhdrê uhj ekbprmhs`õh dm cjs jet`v`djdms dm ekhtrkc qum skh rmcmvjhtms pjrj cj jud`tkrâj, ekhs`dmrjhdk jquàccjs qum mc jud`tkr  ouzlj hmemsjr`k mhtmhdmr, ekh mc i`h dm mvjcujr cks r`mslks dm mrrkr `bpkrtjhtm j h`vmc dm jsmvmrje`khms dm cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks, y d`smújr cks prkemd`b`mhtks dm jud`tkrâj qum rmspkhdjh j cks r`mslks mvjcujdks. mvjcujdks. ]hj jud`tkrâj hk rmqu`mrm dm uh mhtmhd`b`mhtk dm tkdjs cjs jet`v`djdms dm ekhtrkc rmcje`khjdjs ekh ejdj t`pk dm trjhsjee`khms, eumhtjs dm njcjhem y rmvmcje`khms `bpkrtjhtms mh cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks k pjrj ejdj jsmvmrje`õh rmcmvjhtm pjrj mccks. Ekbk pjrtm dmc mhtmhd`b`mhtk dm cjs jet`v`djdms dm ekhtrkc dm cj mht`djd, mc jud`tkr ekbprmhdmrê eõbk cj

 

mht`djd fj rmspkhd`dk j cks r`mslks prkvmh`mhtms dm cj T@. Y`l`cjhe`j dm ekhtrkcms. ekhtrkcms. Um kntmhdrê uh mhtmhd`b`mhtk dm cjs pr`he`pjcms jet`v`djdms qum cj mht`djd t`mhm `bpcmbmhtjdjs pjrj mimetks dm v`l`cjr cj kpmrje`õh mimet`vj dmc ekhtrkc `htmrhk rmcjt`vk j cj prmpjrje`õh dm cj `hikrbje`õh i`hjhe`mrj, `hecuymhdk jquàccjs rmcjt`vjs j cjs jet`v`djdms dm ekhtrkc rmcmvjhtms pjrj cj jud`tkrâj, y cj ikrbj mh qum cj mht`djd mstjncmem y pkhm mh bjrefj bmd`djs ekrrmet`vjs pjrj su ekhtrkc. Mc jud`tkr ekhkemrê cjs iumhtms dm `hikrbje`õh ut`c`zjdjs mh cjs jet`v`djdms dm v`l`cjhe`j, jsâ ekbk cjs njsms sknrm cjs qum cj jdb`h`strje`õh ekhs`dmrj qum d`efj `hikrbje`õh ms ekhi`jncm pjrj sus prkpõs`tks.  

@dmht`i`eje`õh y mvjcuje`õh dmc ^M@MI  Cj hkrbj rmqu`mrm qum mc jud`tkr `dmht`i`qum y mvjcÿm cks r`mslks dm mrrkr `bpkrtjhtm j h`vmc dm cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks y dm cjs jsmvmrje`khms `hecu`djs mh àstks pjrj cjs ecjsms dm trjhsjee`khms, cjs eumhtjs dm njcjhem y cjs rmvmcje`khms qum cm prkpkre`khmh uhj njsm pjrj mc d`smúk y cj jpc`eje`õh dm prkemd`b`mhtks dm jud`tkrâj, pkstmr`krms. Qjrj mstks prkpõs`tks, mc jud`tkr dmnmrê? @dmht`i`ejr, durjhtm mc prkemsk dm mhtmhd`b`mhtk dm cj mht`djd y dm su mhtkrhk, cks r`mslks, `hecuymhdk cks ekhtrkcms rmcmvjhtms rmcje`khjdks ekh cks r`mslks, tmh`mhdk mh eumhtj cjs ecjsms dm trjhsjee`khms, cjs eumhtjs dm njcjhem y cjs rmvmcje`khms dm cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks. Mvjcujr cks r`mslks `dmht`i`ejdks y mvjcujr s` àstks mstêh rmcje`khjdks, dm bjhmrj dkb`hjhtm ekh cks mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks mh su ekhouhtk y s`, pktmhe`jcbmhtm, jimetjh j buefjs jsmvmrje`khms.  ^mcje`khjr mc r`mslk `dmht`i`ejdk ekh jqumcck qum pumdm mstjr bjc j h`vmc dm jsmvmrje`õh y ekh cks ekhtrkcms rmcmvjhtms qum mc jud`tkr t`mhm `htmhe`õh dm prknjr. Ekhs`dmrjr cj prknjn`c`djd dm mrrkr, `hecuymhdk cj pks`n`c`djd dm bÿct`pcms mrrkrms, y s` mc mrrkr pktmhe`jc ms dm tjc bjlh`tud pkdrâj djr culjr j mrrkrms `bpkrtjhtms.

^`mslks qum rmqu`mrmh mspme`jc ekhs`dmrje`õh dm jud`tkrâj   Ekbk pjrtm dm cj mvjcuje`õh dm r`mslk, mc jud`tkr dmtmrb`hjrê euêcms dm cks r`mslks `dmht`i`ejdks skh, j su ou`e`k, r`mslks s`lh`i`ejt`vks. Qjrj mstks prkpõs`tks, sm p`dm qum hk ekhs`dmrm cks mimetks dm cks ekhtrkcms `dmht`i`ejdks, s` cks fjy, rmcje`khjdks ekh mc r`mslk ejc`i`ejdk ekbk s`lh`i`ejt`vk.Jcluhjs ekhs`dmrje`khms pjrj mstjncmemr s` uh r`mslk ms s`lh`i`ejt`vk?  

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Mstjncmemr s` mc r`mslk? j) ms uh r`mslk dmn`dk j irjudm, n) mstê rmcje`khjdk ekh mvmhtks s`lh`i`ejt`vks rme`mhtms, yj smjh dm t`pk mekhõb`ek, ekhtjncm k dm ktrk t`pk dm jekhtme`b`mhtks qum rmqu`mrmh uhj jtmhe`õh mspme`jc, e) `bpc`ej trjhsjee`khms `bpkrtjhtms ekh pjrtms (pmrskhjs) rmcje`khjdjs, d) `hvkcuerj trjhsjee`khms U`lh`i`ejt`vjs qum mstêh iumrj dmc eursk hkrbjc dm ckshmlke`ks dm cj mht`djd, k qum dm ktrj bjhmrj pjrmemh smr `husujcms. Cj ekbpcmo`djd dm cjs trjhsjee`khms qum rmjc`zj cj mht`djd. Mc lrjdk lrjdk dm sunomt`v`djd mh cj bmd`e`õh dm cj `hikrbje`õh i`hjhe`mrj rmcje`khjdj ekh mc r`mslk, mh mspme`jc, jqumccjs bmd`e`khms qum `bpc`ejh uh jbpc`k rjhlk dm `hemrt`dubnrm dm bmd`e`õh. 

Eujhdk mc jud`tkr fj dmtmrb`hjdk cj mx`stmhe`j dm uh r`mslk `bpkrtjhtm, kntmhdrê uhj ekbprmhs`õh dm cks ekhtrkcms mstjncme`dks pkr cj mht`djd, `hecuymhdk cjs jet`v`djdms dm ekhtrkc qum smjh rmcmvjhtms, pjrj trjtjr mstm r`mslk.

 

^`mslks pjrj cks qum cks prkemd`b`mhtks sustjht`vks, pkr sâ skcks, hk prkpkre`khjh sui`e`mhtm h` jprkp`jdj mv`dmhe`j dm jud`tkrâj Mh rmcje`õh ekh jcluhks r`mslks, mc jud`tkr pumdm ouzljr qum hk ms pks`ncm k prêet`ek kntmhmr mv`dmhe`j jprkp`jdj y sui`e`mhtm, bmd`jhtm cj jpc`eje`õh dm prkemd`b`mhtks sustjht`vks. Mstks r`mslks pumdmh mstjr rmcje`khjdks ekh mqu`vkeje`khms k ekh cj ijctj dm `htmlr`djd mh mc prkemsk k rut`hj dmc rml`strk ekhtjncm dm trjhsjee`khms s`lh`i`ejt`vjs k dm sjcdks ekhtjncms `bpkrtjhtms, euyjs ejrjetmrâst`ejs, j bmhudk, pmrb`tmh sõck prkemsks jutkbjt`zjdks ekh pkej k h`hluhj `htmrvmhe`õh bjhujc. Mh mstks ekhtrkcms dm cjuhj mht`djd pjrj mhirmhtjr cks r`mslks skh rmcmvjhtms pjrj cj jud`tkrâj y mcejsks, jud`tkrcks dmnmrê kntmhmr ekbprmhs`õh dm mccks.  

^mv`s`õh dm cj mvjcuje`õh dmc r`mslk   Cj mvjcuje`õh qum fjem mc jud`tkr dmc r`mslk dm mrrkr bjtmr`jc j h`vmc dm jsmvmrje`õh, pumdm ejbn`jr durjhtm mc trjhseursk dm cj jud`tkrâj ekhikrbm knt`mhm mv`dmhe`j jd`e`khjc, u knt`mhm humvj `hikrbje`õh y àstj ms `hekhs`stmhtm ekh cj mv`dmhe`j sknrm cj qum njsõ su mvjcuje`õh.Mh msjs s`tuje`khms, àstm dmnm rmv`sjr cj mvjcuje`õh y bkd`i`ejr cks prkemd`b`mhtks dm jud`tkrâj.  

Dmn`c`djd `bpkrtjhtm mh mc ekhtrkc `htmrhk   U` ekbk rmsuctjdk dmc trjnjok dm jud`tkrâj rmjc`zjdk sm fj `dmht`i`ejdk jcluhj dmn`c`djd `bpkrtjhtm mh mc d`smúk, `bpcmbmhtje`õh k bjhtmh`b`mhtk (iuhe`khjb`mhtk) dmc ekhtrkc `htmrhk, mc jud`tkr cj ekbuh`ejrê j cj jdb`h`strje`õh dm cj mht`djd y j cks `htmlrjhtms dmc lkn`mrhk ekrpkrjt`vk.  

Dkeubmhtje`õh 

Mc rmsuctjdk dm cj jpc`eje`õh dm cj hkrbj sm dkeubmhtjrê ekhikrbm j cks rmqumr`b`mhtks dm cj hkrbj dm jud`tkrâj ekrrmspkhd`mhtm, Mv`dmhe`j dm jud`tkrâj. jud`tkrâj. 

Ekhecus`õh  Qjrj mc Ekhtjdkr Qÿnc`ek `hdmpmhd`mhtm, cks ekhemptks dm r`mslk, mvjcuje`õh, ekhtrkc, irjudm, mrrkr, mrrkr `bpkrtjhtm, ou`e`k prkims`khjc, mhtrm ktrks, skh ekhemptks ekh cks eujcms dmnm ekhv`v`r s`mbprm qum rmjc`zj uhj jud`tkrâj dm mstjdks i`hjhe`mrks, ekhikrbm j cjs Hkrbjs dm  Jud`tkrâjLmhmrjcbmhtm Jemptjdjs (HJLJ) mh eujcqu`mr pjrtm dmc buhdk.