New Born Screening

 

New born screening NCM 107

Issaiah Nicolle L. Cecilia 2 NRS – 1 Prof. Girlie Lacambra

NEWBORN SCREENING

 

What is newborn screening?

• a simple procedure to find out if a baby has a congenital metabolic disorder that may lead to mental retardation or even death if left untreated. What is Expanded Newborn Screening (ENBS)?

• The expanded newborn screening program increased the screening panel of disorders from six (6) to more than twenty-eight. What is the mandate for performing Newborn Screening on every baby?

 – RA 9288 known as the “Ne “Newbo wborn rn Screenin Screening g Act of 200 2004” 4” with its Implementing Rules and Regulations. Why is it important to have newborn screening?

 – Most babies with metabolic disorder look normal at birth.  – One will never know that the baby has the disorder until the signs and symptoms are a re manifested. By this time, irreversible consequences are already present.  – Treatment can be given early to prevent consequences of untreated conditions. When is newborn screening done?

 – Ideally done on the 48th to 72nd hour of life (first 2 to 3 days of life).  – May also be done 24 hours from birth since some disorders are not detected if the test is done earlier than 24 hours h ours from birth. How is newborn screening done?

• Using the heel prick method, a few drops of blood are taken from the baby’s heel • Blotted on a special absorbent filter card • Blood is dried for 4 hours and sent to the Newborn Screening Center Who may collect the sample for newborn screening?

A Trained • physician • nurse • midwife or  • medical technologist

Where is newborn screening available?

 

• Available in participating Newborn Screening Facilities F acilities that includes  – hospitals  – lying-in centers  – Rural Health Units  – health centers • If babies are delivered at home, the baby may be brought to the nearest Newborn Screening Facility. How much is ENBS?

• Expanded newborn screening costs ₱1750 and is included in the Newborn Care Package (NCP) for PhilHealth members When are newborn screening results available?

• Seven (7) working days from the time the newborn screening samples are received  parents should claim the results from their their physician, nurse, midwife or health worker. • Any laboratory result indicating an increased risk of a heritable disorder (i.e. positive scre screen) en) sh shal alll be im imme medi diat atel ely y re rele leas ased ed,, wi with thin in tw twen enty ty-f -fou ourr (2 (24) 4) hours hours,, so th that at confirmatory testing can be immediately done. • A positive screen means that the newborn must be referred at once to a specialist for  confirmatory testing and further management. What are the five (5) disorders included in the newborn screening package?

 

EXPANDED NEWBORN SCREENING PANEL DISORDERS INCLUDED IN THE EXPANDED NBS PANEL AND THE METABOLITES TESTED

 

What are the roles of the nurses?

• Advocacy for the newborn screening of every baby. This starts during pregnancy. The saving must start during pregnancy. • Sample collection. • Assures transport of specimen to the nearest Newborn Screening Facility within twenty four  (24) hours following collection of the sample. • Advice and counsel parents upon receiving the screening results. • Nurs Nurses es and mi midw dwiv ives es ar aree key prov provid ider erss for for ed educ ucat atin ing g an and d co comm mmuni unicat catin ing g sc scre reeni ening ng information to parents throughout the newborn screening process. • Appropriately timed preemptive high-quality education may lessen distress associated with subsequent abnormal screening results and facilitate follow-up. • Pediat Pediatricia ricians ns and nurses are often first first to inform inform families families about abnormal abnormal newborn newborn screening screening results, usually by telephone or a home visit. • It is not uncommon for providers to have insufficient understanding of screening and lack  confidence in speaking with parents about screening results.

 

HEARING TEST

There are hearing tests for newborn babies in the Philippines. If there are any signs of hearing  problems, this is the best way to go about it. Keep in mind that it’s vital to catch it early on  before it develops. What tests can my child undergo?

There are two types of screening tests for newborn babies. Both of them are painless, quick, and can even be done while the baby is sleeping. 1. Otoacoustic Emission Test (OEA)

This test uses a tiny plug that is placed in the baby’s ear. This plug has a microphone that records emissions of the normal ear as a reaction to the sounds. If there are no emissions, this shows that the baby is suffering from hearing loss. 2. Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)

This test uses wires that are attached to the baby’s scalp. As the baby is sleeping, clicking sounds are made through tiny earphones in the baby’s ears. What will be measured is the brain’s response to the sounds. This, like OEA, is very painless and can take only a few minutes. Why is it important for newborn babies to undergo hearing test? 1. Symptoms of hearing impairment in infants are not visible

Disorders don’t have symptoms and can only be detected through certain tests. 2. Hearing is essential for a child to be able to talk 

The first three years of life can be considered c onsidered the most vital period for the brain to acquire speech and language skills, as speaking is often learned learned by babies through imitation. imitation. Keeping an eye out for certain tell-tale signs is a good way to be ahead of the development of hearing loss. 3. Overall development can be affected by mild hearing loss

Hearing is only one of the fundamental skills needed not just by a child but also by adults. Hearing loss can greatly affect their speech, language, academic, and psychosocial development. Did you know?

Under the Republic Act 9709, all Filipino babies are required to get tested for their hearing? This act can also be called “Act That Establishes the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening for  the Prevention, Early Diagnosis, and Intervention of Hearing Loss”. It states that before a baby is discharged from the hospital, he/she must undergo a hearing screening test first. For those babies not born in hospitals, they are required to be screened within the first three months of life. Hearing loss is not something that is foreign to scientists and doctors. Solutions have been found to help those who are experiencing hearing loss such as the use of hearing aids. But don’t wait  before it even worsens and cause more complications to one’s development. Again, early detection is better.