Neuromuscular Disorders

Common Neuromuscular Disorders Study online at quizlet.com/_11x07

ALS-Lou Gehrig's Disease-Clinical Signs & Symptoms

Progressive weakness, paralysis, loss of swallowing, respiration; Both UMN and LMN symptoms, initial muscle weakness of distal UE, LE or face; later, spasticity and hyperreflexia (sensation spared)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS-Lou Gehrig's Disease)

Degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem, and brain

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Cerebellar Ataxia

Extremity and/or trunk ataxia, intention tremor, dysmetria and dysrhythmia

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Dermatomyositis

inflammation of the skin and underlying muscle tissue, involving degeneration of collagen, discoloration, and swelling, typically occurring as an autoimmune condition or associated with internal cancer.

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Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)

Demyelination of peripheral nerves caused by immune system dysfunction

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)Clinical Signs & Symptoms

Progressive weakness, areflexia, paresthesias (distal extremities)

Huntington's Chorea

Inherited disorder, mid-life onset, cell death caudate/putamen basal ganglia

Huntington's Chorea-Clinical Signs & Symptoms

Involuntary movements-Chorea, ataxia+personality change/dementia

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Progressive demyelination disease of CNS, causing sclerotic plaques in white matter; onset young adults aged 20-50

Multiple Sclerosis-Clinical Signs & Symptoms

diplopia, sensory loss, weakness, fatigue, spasticity, nystagmus, intention tremor, dysarthria, incontinence, cognitive, affective changes

Muscular dystrophy (MD)

Degeneration of muscle fiber

Myasthenia Gravis-Clinical Signs & Symptoms

Symmetrical weakness, proximal limb, neck, diaphragm, eyelids; normal reflexes and sensation; weakness increases with repetitive use

Myasthenia| ˌmīəsˈθēnēə|

Disorder of neuromuscular junction at post-synaptic membrance

MyopathyClinical Signs & Symptoms

Muscle weakness, worse proximally, no sensory or reflex loss

Neuropathy

Disorder of nerve, involving axon and/or myelin

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NeuropathyClinical Signs & Symptoms

Sensory and/or motor loss, associated with LMN symptoms, Diabetic stocking/glove distribution

Parkinson's Disease

Progressive disorder basal ganglia, loss of dopamine in substantia nigra

Parkinson's DiseaseCardinal signs

bradykinesia, tremor, postural instability, rigidity

Polymyositis

A type of chronic inflammatory means 'many muscle inflammation'; myopathy related to dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis.

SCI: Anterior Cord

Loss of pain, temperature, and motor function with intact proprioception and vibratory senses

SCI: BrownSequard

Ipsilateral weakness, loss of vibration/position with contralateral loss of pain and temperature

SCI: Central Cord

UE worse than LE involvement, preserved sacral function

SCI: Posterior Cord

Loss of proprioception, 2-point discrimination with intact pain, temperature, touch sensations, and motor function

Stroke

Loss of blood flow to brain from ischemia (80%) or hemorrhagic causes

Traumatic Brain InjuryClinical Signs & Symptoms

Coma, cognitive loss, sensory/motor loss, impairment of coordination, speech, behavior, vision, swallowing