NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS MCQS
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MCQS...
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(Part 9) NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND MANAGEMENT MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) Q.1.
What is controlled controlled by the right right half of the brain? brain?
(a)
analytical skills
(b)
spatial relations
(c)
verbal skills
(d)
none of the above
Q.2. The membranes of all postganglionic postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia and the membranes of skeletal muscle cells have
(a)
adrenergic receptors.
(b)
muscarinic receptors,
(c)
nicotinic receptors.
(d)
All of above
Q.3.
A convergent circuit:
(a)
Is a positive feedback system that produces produces many many action potentials potentials
(b)
Is a negative feedback system that produces IPSPs
(c)
Occurs when multiple neurons synapse onto few neurons
(d)
Cannot be affected by a sodium channel blocker
Q.4.
The perineurium is the connective tissue layer:
(a)
Surrounding an entire nerve
(b)
Surrounding individual axons in the CNS
(c)
Surrounding individual axons in the PNS
(d)
Surrounding fascicles of axons in the CNS
(e)
Surrounding fascicles of axons in the PNS
Q.5.
Which of the following fibers is acommissural fiber
(a)
Corpus callosum
(b)
Internal capsule
(c)
Optic radiation
(d)
Cingulum
Q.6.
Most sensory neurons are _______________ neurons.
(a)
Unipolar
(b)
Bipolar
(c)
Multipolar
(d)
Efferent
(e)
A and b
Q.7. An elderly acquaintance of yours has suffered from from partial blindness since she had a stroke. stroke. Apparently the stroke damaged her
(a)
occipital lobe.
(b)
parietal lobe.
(c)
temporal lobes.
(d)
reticular formation.
Q.8.
The somatic nervous system is part of the:
(a)
Sympathetic nervous system
(b)
Parasympathetic nervous system
(c)
Autonomic nervous system
(d)
Two of the above
(e)
None of the above
Q.9.
Action potentials are conducted more rapidly in:
(a)
Small diameter axons than large diameter axons
(b)
Large diameter axons than small diameter axons
(c)
Unmyelinated axons than myelinated axons
(d)
Axons that lack a wrapping of Schwann cells
Q.10. Gray matter contains primarily:
(a)
Myelinated fibers
(b)
Neuron cell bodies
(c)
Schwann cells
(d)
All of the above
Q.11. Which of the following involves electrical electrical brain wave measurement? measurement?
(a)
clinical studies
(b)
ablation
(c)
MRIscan
(d)
EEG
Q.12. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles that are located primarily in specialized portions of the:
(a)
Soma
(b)
Axon
(c)
Dendrite
(d)
Perikaryon
Q.13. An inhibitory neuron neuron could affect the neuron with which it synapses by:
(a)
Producing an IPSP within the neuron
(b)
Hyperpolarizing the neuron
(c)
Increasing K+ efflux from the neuron
(d)
Increasing CI- influx into the neuron
(e)
All of the above
Q.14. Which of the following organelles is responsible responsible for the appearance of Nissl bodies in the cell cell bodies of motor neurons
(a)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(b)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(c)
Golgi apparatus
(d)
Mitochondria
(e)
Basal bodies
Q.15. All of these relate to the Autonomic nervous system system except
(a)
coordination
(b)
responds to danger
(c)
responds to stress
(d)
increase of heartbeat and blood pressure
Q.16. The output of a convergent circuit could be:
(a)
An IPSP
(b)
An EPSP
(c)
An action potential
(d)
All of the above
Q.17. The effector pathway of the ANS generally contains ____________ neurons.
(a)
1
(b)
2
(c)
3
(d)
4 Q.18. Which of the following is true of the perineurium?
(a)
It's a fascia surrounding many bundles of nerve fibers
(b)
It's a layer of connective tissue surrounding a single bundle (fascicle) of nerve fibers
(c)
It's a thin layer of reticular fibers covering individual nerve fibers
(d)
It's an artery-rich fascia covering the external coat of nerves
Q.19. Which of the following is true of the sympathetic nervous system?
(a)
It's voluntarily controlled via the forebrain
(b)
It's voluntarily controlled via the reticular formation
(c)
It uses different neurotransmitters at the ganglion and at the synaptic cleft
(d)
It's a subdivision of the somatic nervous system
Q.20. Cells found in the choroid plexus that secrete cerebrospinal fluid are:
(a) Astrocytes (b) Microglia (c) Ependymal cells (d) Oligodendrocytes Q.21. Effector organs of the ANS include all of the following except:
(a)
Medulla oblongata
(b)
Arteriolar smooth muscle
(c)
Heart
(d)
Visceral smooth muscle
Q.22. A neuron with many short dendrites and a single long axon is a:
(a)
Multipolar neuron
(b)
Bipolar neuron
(c)
Unipolar neuron
(d)
None of the above
Q.23. All preganglionic autonomic neurons secrete:
(a)
Epinephrine
(b)
Acetylcholine
(c)
Nicotine
(d)
Dopamine
Q.24. Axons within nerves may have which of the following associated with them?
(a)
Schwann cells
(b)
Nodes of Ranvier
(c)
Oligodendrocytes
(d)
A and b
Q.25. The cerebral cortex is composed of two sides or
.
(a) Pons (b) Positrons (c) Connector neurons (d) hemispheres Q.26. All preganglionic autonomic neurons secrete:
(a)
epinephrine
(b)
acetylcholine
(c)
nicotine
(d)
dopamine
Q.27. The parasympathetic nervous system affects all of these organs except:
(a)
Heart
(b)
Pupillary smooth muscles
(c)
Salivary glands
(d)
Adrenal glands
Q. 28. Sympathetic stimulation of the iris causes:
(a)
Astigmatism
(b)
Pupillary constriction
(c)
Pupillary dilation
(d)
Vitreous secretion
(e)
Decreased glucose reduction in iris smooth muscle
Q.29. The most likely type of fiber that would carry the impulse for a withdrawal reflex would be a(n):
(a)
A fiber because they carry the strongest action potentials
(b)
A fiber because they carry APs the fastest
(c)
B fiber because they carry APs the fastest
(d)
C fiber because they carry the strongest Aps
Q.30. The region where the lens focuses the image onto the retina is the:
(a)
Optic nerve
(b)
Fovea
(c)
Pupil
(d)
Blind spot
(e)
Infundibulum
Q.31. The major light absorbing pigment in retinal photoreceptors is:
(a)
Rhodopsin
(b)
Cone opsin
(c)
Melanin
(d)
Asparagine
(e)
Mesophyll
Q.32. The somatic nervous system
(a)
is part of the sympathetic nervous system
(b)
is part of the parasympathetic nervous system
(c)
is part of the autonomic nervous system
(d)
none of the above
Q.33. Effector organs of the autonomic nervous system includes all of the following except:
(a)
medulla oblongata
(b)
heart
(c)
smooth muscles
(d)
glands
Q.34. Some of the nerves that innervate lymph nodes have been discovered to be adrenergic (i.e., they release norepinephrine). This suggests that the:
(a)
Parasympathetic nervous system may influence lymph node activity
(b)
Parasympathetic nervous system does NOT influence lymph node activity
(c)
Sympathetic nervous system must exert the only nervous control of lymph nodes
(d)
Sympathetic nervous system may influence lymph node activity
Q.35. The effector pathway of the autonomic nervous system generally contains:
(a)
one neuron
(b)
vo neurons
(c)
three neurons
(d)
five neurons
Q.36. Arrange the following connective tissue structures from the outermost to the innermost.
(a)
Endoneurium
(b)
Epineurium
(c)
Perineurium
(d)
All of above
Q.37. The parasympathetic nervous system affects all of these organs except:
(a)
heart
(b)
pupillary smooth muscles
(c)
salivary glands
(d)
adrenal glands
Q.38. The sclera and cornea constitute this layer of the eye:
(a)
retinal tunic
(b)
vascular tunic
(c)
fibrous tunic
(d)
nervous tunic
Q.39. "Night blindness" is an early sign of:
(a)
cataracts
(b)
glaucoma
(c)
vitamin A deficiency
(d)
myopia
Q.40. What system carries info between CNS and organs?
(a)
Central NErvous system
(b)
Peripheral nervous system
(c)
Somatic nervous system
(d)
automatic nervous system
Q.41. Sympathetic stimulation of the iris causes:
(a)
astigmatism
(b)
pupillary constriction
(c)
pupillary dilation
(d)
glaucoma
Q.42. The region where the lens focuses the image onto the retina is the:
(a)
optic nerve
(b)
fovea
(c)
Pupil
(d)
blind spot
Q.43. Multiple sclerosis is caused by lesions on
(a)
Myelin tissue
(b)
Dendrites
(c)
The cell body
(d)
The frontal cortex
Q.44. The major light absorbing pigment in retinal photoreceptors is:
(a)
rhodopsin
(b)
melanin
(c)
glutamate
(d)
chlorophyll
'
Q.45. What controls the path of messages and chooses to send messages?
(a)
dendrites
(b)
nucleus
(c)
axon
(d)
peripheral nervous system
Q.46. Photoreceptors release more neurotransmitters:
(a)
in brighter light
(b)
in darkness
(c)
only when stimulated by bipolar cells
(d)
none of the above
Q.47. All the following are the actions of acetylcholine except
(a)
Increase in heart rate
(b)
Dilatation of pupil
(c)
Contraction of detrusor muscle
(d)
Increased salivation
Q.48. The fluid that fills the posterior chamber of the eye is the:
(a)
Lachrymal fluid
(b)
Lacrimal fluid
(c)
Aqueous humor
(d)
Choroid humor
(e)
Vitreous humor
Q.49. The atropine derivative used in the treatment of bronchial asthma is
(a)
Homatropine
(b)
Oxybutynin
(c)
Pirenzepine
(d)
Ipratropium
Q.50. All postganglionic neurons bear these receptors:
(a)
alpha adrenergic
(b)
beta adrenergic
(c)
nicotinic
(d)
muscarinic
Q.51. What is the way your nervous system causes your body to react?
(a)
stimulus
(b)
response
(c)
axon
(d)
nucleus
(e)
dendrites
(f)
ens
Q.52. What is a specialized nerve cell?
(a)
Neuron
(b)
Dendrites
(c)
Axon
(d) All of above Q.53. Which of the following is not a cholinergic drug
(a)
Scopolamine
(b)
Muscarine
(c)
Pilocarpine
(d)
Dethenacol
Q.54. What receives messages
(a)
Nucleus
(b)
Axon
(c)
Meninges
(d)
Dendrites
(e)
Cns none of above
Q.55. What part of a neuron sends messages?
(a)
Neuron
(b)
Dendrites
(c)
Nucleus
(d)
Axon
Q.56. Some of the nerves that innervate lymph nodes have been discovered to be adrenergic (can
release norepinephrine). This would suggest that:
(a)
the parasympathetic nervous system may influence lymph node activity
(b)
the sympathetic nervous system must act to enhance lymph node activity
(c)
the parasympathetic nervous system has no effect on lymph node activity
(d)
the sympathetic nervous system may influence lymph node activity
Q.57. What are the two parts of the Nervous system?
(a)
peripheral nervous system and somatic nervous system
(b)
peripheral nervous system and automatic nervous system
(c)
somatic nervous system and automatic nervous system
(d)
somatic nervous system and central nervous system
(e)
central nervous system and sympathetic nervous system
(f)
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
Q.58. The system that controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and gland activity is the:
(a)
Somatic nervous system
(b)
Autonomic nervous system
(c)
Skeletal division
(d)
Sensory nervous system
Q.59. What does not make up the Central Nervous system?
(a)
meninges
(b)
cerebrospinal fluid
(c)
skull
(d)
spinal column
(e)
brain
(f)
organs
Q.60. What is a protective membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord?
(a)
cerebrospinal fluid
(b)
CNS
(c)
Meninges
(d)
Skull
(e)
Spinal column
(f)
None of the above
Q.61. Which of the following statements is not true regarding neostigmine
(a)
It is a reversible anticholinesterase
(b)
It crosses the blood brain barrier
(c)
It is used to treat myasthenia gravis
(d)
It should not be used in organophosphorus poisoning
Q.62.
What encases the entire system in bone?
(a)
skull and brain
(b)
skull and spine
(c)
skull and cerebrospinal fluid
(d)
skull and cerebrum
(e)
skull and spinal column
(f)
none of the above
Q.63.
What is not controlled by the left part of the brain?
(a)
Verbal
(b)
Analytical
(c)
spatial relations
(d)
all of above
Q.64. All of the following mechanisms will cause an increase of blood pressure except:
(a)
Increased amounts of antidiuretic hormone
(b)
Increased amounts of atrial natriuretic hormones
(c)
Increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart and blood vessels
(d)
Increased amounts of rennin
(e)
Increased amounts of aldosterone
Q.65.
The cerebral cortex plays a key role in all the following except:
(a)
Memory
(c)
coordination
(d)
perceptual awareness
(e)
thought
(f)
kiguage
Q.66. Maeen has recovered from extensive injury to her left cerebral hemisphere and has continued her career with little sign of impairment. Her occupation is most likely
(a)
Graphic artist
(b)
Accountant
(c)
English teacher
(d)
Sports writer for a newspaper
Q.67.
What is not controlled by the frontal lobe?
(a)
emotional functions
(b)
voluntary muscle control problem solving
(c)
planning
(d)
problem solving
(e)
speech
Q.68. What does the parietal lobe control?
(a)
sensory reception
(b)
hearing
(c)
speech comprehension
(d)
taste
(e)
A and C
(f)
A and D
Q.69. What does the occipital lobe control?
(a)
muscle control
(b)
planning
(c)
speech
(d)
vision
(e)
memory
(f)
attention
Q.70. The brain stem (medulla) does all of the following except
(a)
regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate sleep cycle
(b)
continuous with spinal cord
(c)
functions primarily in the transmission of neural signals
(d)
all of above
Q.71.
The spinal cord does everything except
(a)
functions primarily in the transmission of neural signals between body and brain
(b)
contains neural circuits that can independently control numerous reflexes
(c)
regulates involuntary functions
(d)
all of above
Q.72.
What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system
(a)
afferent neurons
(b)
efferent neurons
(c)
skeletal muscles
(d)
cardiac muscles
(e)
A and B
(f)
A and D
Q.73.
The fatty layer of tissue that gives many nerves a whitish color is called
(a)
Myelin
(b)
Neurilemma
(c)
Neuropeptides
(d)
Endorphins
Q.74.
The efferent neurons are broken into what two categories
(a)
Somatic
(b)
automatic
(c)
Sympathetic
(d)
Parasympathetic
(e)
A and C
(f)
B and A
Q.75.
The Somatic nervous system does all except:
(a)
coordinates body
(b)
receives external stimuli
(c)
regulates activities
(d)
think when doing them
(e)
feelings
Q.76. The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a band of fibers called
(a)
the corpus callosum.
(b)
the cortex,
(c)
connector neurons.
(d)
association fibers.
Q.77. When norepinephrine binds to beta-adrenergic receptors on the heart, the response is excitatory.
(a)
Inhibitory
(b)
excitatory
(c)
Either excitatory or inhibitory
(d)
All of above
Q.78. The Autonomic nervous system is broken down into two systems the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems what is the difference between the two systems
(a)
one is when you are sad and one is when you are happy
(b)
one is when you are resting and one is when you aren't resting
(c)
one is when you are sick and one is when you are well
(d)
one is when you are eating and the other is when you are digesting you food
Q.79. Which statement concerning brain function is true
(a)
The left side of the body is generally controlled by the left hemisphere.
(b)
The left side of the body is generally controlled by the right hemisphere.
(c)
The right hemisphere is the dominant hemisphere in males but not in females
(d)
A stroke to a person's left hemisphere will affect the left side of his or her body
Q.80.
What are interneurons and what do they do
(a)
cell bodies in CNS
(b)
transmit signals between motor and sensory neurons
(c)
most abundant type of neuron
(d)
none of the above
(e)
A B and C
Q.81. What is the difference in charge from the inside of an axon to the outside of the axon
(a)
polarity
(b)
potential
(c)
spine
(d)
motor neurons
(e)
relay neurons
(f)
k+ and na+
Q.82. Neurons conduct an action potential
(a)
When sodium is pumped out of the neuron
(b)
When molecular gates open to allow sodium ions into a neuron
(c)
When the electrical stimulation dips below -70 millivolts
(d)
Only if surrounded by a myelin sheath
Q.83. When the neuron is firing
(a)
Na is on the outside and K is
(b)
Na is on the inside and K is on the outside on the inside
(c)
All of above
(d)
None of all above
Q.84. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
lesion results in atrophy of the contralateral (to the lesion) superior oblique
(b)
axons arise from the ipsilateral abducens nucleus
(c)
lesion results in ipsilateral (to the lesion) head tilt
(d)
lesion results in ipsilateral head rotation
(e) if lesion were to also invade fiber bundle lying immediately dorsal, head tilt would be to the same side as the hemiplegia Q.85. Many addictive drugs stimulate the pleasure centers of the
(a)
medulla.
(b)
cerebellum.
(c)
frontal cortex.
(d)
limbic system
Q.86. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
axon arises in the ipsilateral geniculate ganglion
(b)
lesion results in loss of pain and temp, from the ipsilateral side of the body
(c)
lesion results in the loss of the direct gag reflex upon stimulation of the contralateral pharynx
(d)
axons convey information regarding vibratory sense from the ipsilateral side of the face
(e)
none of the above
Q.87. The technique that uses a magnetic field to develop an image of the brain is called the
(a)
clinical scan
(b)
ablation technique
(c)
MRIscan
(d)
EEG
Q.88. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
axon arises from the ipsilateral motor VII
(b)
lesion results in ipsilateral deviation of the jaw upon jaw opening
(c)
lesion results in contralateral deviation of the jaw upon jaw opening
(d)
axon innervates the ipsilateral stapedius muscle
(e)
none of the above
Q.89. The hippocampus
(a)
Is part of the hypothalamus
(b)
Is associated with forming lasting memories,
(c)
has direct connections to the occipital lobe
(d)
is involved with sensing emotion
Q.90. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
axon conveys pain and temp, from the ipsilateral side of the face
(b)
lesion results in contralateral deviation of the jaw upon jaw opening
(c)
lesion results in loss of vibration sense from the ipsilateral side of the face
(d)
axon conveys information from Pacinian corpuscles
(e)
two of the above
Q.91. Body cells specialized to carry and process information are called
(a) Neurotransmitters (b) Synapses (c) Ions (d) Neurons Q.92. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
lesion results in the loss of all salivation
(b)
axon arises from inferior salivatory nucleus
(c)
axon terminates in the otic ganglion
(d)
axon terminates in the lacrimal gland
(e)
none of the above
Q.93. Which of the following cells is responsible for myelin formation in the peripheral nervous system
(a)
Astrocyte
(b) Oligodendrocyte
(c)
Schwann cell (d) Microglial cell
Q.94. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
dorsal portion of the nucleus associated with this axon receives bilateral corticobulbar input
(b)
axons arise from the ipsilateral motor V
(c)
axon terminates in the ipsilateral stapedius muscle
(d)
lesion results in atrophy of the ipsilateral orbicularis oculi
(e)
three of the above
Q.95. Nerves that carry information from other parts of the body to the brain are called
(a)
Neural networks
(b)
Afferent nerves
(c)
Efferent nerves
(d)
Neurotransmitters
Q.96. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
axon arises from the superior salivatory nucleus
(b)
axon arises from nucleus solitarius
(c)
lesion results in decrease of salivation
(d)
lesion results in atrophy of ipsilateral stylopharyngeus muscle
(e)
axon is a component of CN X
Q.97.
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
axon arises in the ipsilateral nucleus ambiguous
(b)
axon terminates in the ipsilateral parotid gland
(c)
lesion results in diminution of salivation
(d)
axon conveys preganglionic parasympathetic information
(e)
two of the above
Q.98. The lobe of the cerebral cortex that responds to auditory stimuli is the
(a)
Occipital lobe
(b)
Parietal lobe
(c)
Temporal lobe
(d)
Frontal lobe
Q.99. Branches of which cranial nerve are typically contained within the mucosa of the middle ear space
(a)
Glossopharyngeal
(b)
Optic
(c)
Vagus
(d)
Trigeminal
.
Q.100. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
axons arise from the ipsilateral nucleus solitarius
(b)
axon arises from the ipsilateral inferior ganglion VII
(c)
axon conveys information about pain and temp, from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
(d)
lesion results in loss of taste from the posterior one-third of the ipsilateral side of the tongue
(e)
none of the above
Q.101. Which cranial nerve controls tongue movements
(a)
Optic
(b)
Vagus
(c)
Trigeminal
(d)
Olfactory
(e)
Facial
(f)
Hypoglossal
Q.102. Which cranial nerve provides visceral sensation fro m the larynx
(a)
Optic
(b)
Vagus
(c)
Trigeminal
(d)
Oculomotor
Q.103. Although the human brain weighs approximately 3 pounds, it is also important to take into consideration __________ when comparing it to the brain of an elephant or whale.
(a)
the cortex weight
(b)
the body weight
(c)
the caloric intake weight to
(d)
the brain weight to body weight ratio brain weight ratio
Q.104. The occipital lobe is to vision as the parietal lobe is to
(a)
smell
(b)
touch
(c)
hearing
(d)
complex behaviors
Q.105. Surgical removal of parts of the brain to determine their function relies on a technique called
(a) Positron emission. (b) corticalization (c) ablation (d) ultrasound Q.106. Broca's area is located on the
(a)
Right parietal lobe
(b)
Left parietal lobe
(c)
Right frontal lobe
(d)
Left frontal lobe
Q.107. A patient who has suffered brain damage to the left hemisphere is likely to experience diminished capacity for
(a)
Naming objects.
(c)
Composing melodies.
(b)
Recognizing faces
(d)
identifying emotions
Q.108. The functions of the amygdala include
(a)
delivery of electrical stimulation to the limbic system.
(b)
stopping electrical stimulation to the limbic system.
(c)
stimulating the "pleasure" centers of the limbic system.
(d)
helping us react to dangerous stimuli through a quick fear response
Q.109. Does having a larger brain make a person smarter
(a) Recent research found a positive correlation between intelligence and the size of several higher brain structures (b)
The overall volume of gray matter is not correlated with IQ test scores
(c)
Brain size alone determines human intelligence.
(d)
Environment has clearly been found to be the sole determinant of human intelligence.
Q.110. Efferent neurons are also called motor neurons... what are NOT a characteristics of them
(a)
end at a muscle or gland (efferent)
(b)
carry info from CNS to effectors
(c)
cell bodies of these neurons are in the CNS
(d)
may have extremely long neurons
(e)
transmit info from sensory receptors to CNS
Q.111. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
central portion of axon terminates within the ipsilateral spinal nucleus V
(b)
axon arises from the ipsilateral geniculate ganglion
(c)
axon conveys information about pain and temp, from the ipsilateral "ear"
(d)
region of body innervated by axon shared with other CNs
(e)
all of the above
Q.112. A branch of which cranial nerve innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle Hypoglossal
(a)
Vagus
(b)
Trigeminal
(c)
Oculomotor
(d)
Trochlear
Q.113. Which cranial provides visceral sensation from carotid sinus
(a)
Glossopharyngeal
(b)
Optic
(c)
Vagus
(d)
Trigeminal
Q.114. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
some axons terminate in the levator palpebrae superioris
(b)
some axons terminate in the medial rectus muscle
(c)
lesion results in double vision when the ipsilateral (td the lesion) eyelid is raised
(d)
axons travel through the carvernous sinus
(e)
all of the above
Q.115. Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere has the following sulci, except
(a)
Cingulate sulcus
(b)
Callosal sulcus
(c)
Collateral sulcus
(d)
Pritooccipital sulcus
(e)
Calcarine sulcus
Q.116. Which cranial nerve provides visceral sensation fro m the pharynx
(a)
Optic
(b)
Vagus
(c)
Trigeminal
(d)
Oculomotor
Q.117. How many major nerves originate in the brain and are known as cranial nerves
(a)
8
(b)
10
(c)
12
(d)
14
Q.118. Which cranial nerve stimulates digestive organs
(a)
Optic
(b)
Vagus
(c)
Trigeminal
(d)
Olfactory
Q.119. What is the name of a condition that involves the facial nerve and causes weakness and drooping of the facial muscles
(a) Trigeminal neuralgia (b) Drooping eyelid (c) Oculomotor paralysis (d) Bell's palsy
Q.120. Which cranial nerve controls sternocleidomastoid
(a)
Optic
(b)
Vagus
(c)
Trigeminal
(d)
Accessory
(e)
Trochlear
Q.121. What is the disturbance in vision that occurs when distant rays of light pass through the lens and are focused in front of the retina
(a)
Hyperopia
(b)
Myopia
(c)
Astigmatism
(d)
Presbyopia
Q.122. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
lesion results in the loss of the direct corneal reflex upon stimulation of the ipsilateral
(b)
(to the lesion) cornea
(c)
lesion results in ipsilateral deviation of the jaw upon jaw opening
(d)
lesion results in loss of vibration sense from the contralateral side of the face
(e)
lesion results in the loss of the consensual corneal reflex upon stimulation of the
Q.123. Which is the longest cranial nerve
(a)
Glossopharyngeal nerve
(b)
Trigeminal nerve
(c)
Vagus nerve
(d)
Optic Nerve
Q.124. Neurons are made up of dendrites, a soma, and
(a)
Axons
(b)
Axles
(c)
Atoms
(d)
Axes
Q.125. The nature of a nerve impulse is primarily a/an ________ event; whereas, the nature of the communication between neurons is primarily a/an ___________ event.
(a)
Chemical; electrical
(b)
Acetylcholine; catecholamine
(c)
Dendrite; axon
(d)
Electrical; chemical
Q.126. Acetylcholine, epinephrine, dopamine, and histamine are
(a)
Prescription-only drugs
(b)
Synapses
(c)
Neurotransmitters
(d)
Beta blockers
Q.127. The conduction of a nerve impulse down the axon is called a(n)
(a)
Ion potential
(b)
Action potential
(c)
Resting discharge
(d)
Synapse
Q.128. Communication within a neuron is ___________ while communication between neurons is ______________
(a)
Chemical; electrical
(b)
Electrical; mechanical
(c)
Electrical; chemical
(d)
Mechanical; electrical
Q.129. An action potential actually occurs because
(a)
The interior of the nerve cell becomes positive
(b)
The interior of the nerve cell becomes negative
(c)
Potassium ions enter the nerve cell
(d)
Sodium ions leave the nerve cell
Q.130. Which of the following is not a part of a neuron
(a)
Axon
(b)
Axon terminal
(c)
Synapse
(d)
Soma
Q.131. The branching fibers of the end in
(a)
Soma; somatic membranes
(b)
Nucleus; nucleic dampers
(c)
Dendrite; dendritic arcs axon
(d)
Axon terminals
and link with parts of other neurons.
Q.132. After successfully running from the large, snarling, drooling grizzly bear that was running directly toward you, you pause to catch your breath a nd collect your wits. The physical symptoms you now experience are controlled by the
(a)
Sympathetic nervous system
(b)
Parasympathetic nervous system
(c)
Central nervous system
(d)
Neurotransmitter acetylcholine
Q.133. The charge that exists across the nerve cell membrane is a result of differing
(a)
Amounts of DNA and RNA
(b)
Types of neurotransmitters on either side of the nerve cell
(c)
Membrane
(d)
Types of neurons inside and outside the nerve cell membrane
Q.134. Muscles can contract because they are made up of
(a)
Motor neurons
(b)
Effector cells
(c)
Connector neurons
(d)
Sensory neurons
Q.135. The sacral segment of the spinal cord may be crushed by the fracture of
(a)
first lumbar vertebrae
(b)
third lumbar vertebrae
(c)
sixth lumbar vertebrae
(d)
first & second vertebrae
Q.136. Medial limeniscus carries
(a)
pain & temperature sensation from trunk & limb
(b)
Proprioceptive sensation from the trunk & limb
(c)
proprioceptive sensation from the head
(d)
auditory sensation
Q.137. Regarding spinal cord, the following are true except
(a)
it has cervical & lumber enlargement
(b)
it ends at the lower border of third lumber
(c)
vertebrae
(d)
it's transverse by the central canal
Q.138. Regarding Corticospinal tract all of the following true except
(a)
Most of the fibers decussate at the lower end of the medulla
(b)
it arises from the motor area of the cerebral cortex
(c)
it passes through the cruss cerebri of mid brain
(d)
it ends in the anterior horn cells
(e)
its lesion at the level of pons produced paralysis of muscle on the epsilateral side
Q.139. destruction of lateral spinothalamic tract result in
(a)
Epsilateral loss of pain & temperature
(b)
Contralateral loss of light touch & pressure
(c)
Contralateral loss of the pain & temperature
(d)
Contralateral loss of proprioceptive
Q.140. What is the name of the area where the optic nerve and retinal blood vessels enter the back of the eye
(a)
Central retina
(b)
Macula
(c)
Blind spot
(d)
Fovea
Q.141. Which cranial nerve controls the lateral rectus muscle
(a)
Trochlear
(b)
Glossopharyngeal
(c)
Vestibulocochlear
(d)
Abducens
Q.142. Obstruction of cerebral equeduct of the medbrain will distention of
(a)
Latral vertricles only
(b)
Both lateral & 3rd
(c)
Both 4th & 3rd
(d)
Entire ventricular system
Q.143. Regarding the lateral spinothalamic , all of the following are correct except
(a)
It carries pain & temperature sensation
(b)
Pain fiber is deeper in position to temperature fiber
(c)
It ascends in spinal limenscus
(d)
Substation.gelatinosa of rolandi, it is 2nd order neuron
Q. 144. Regarding to the Primary motor cortex, all of the following are true except
(a)
It lies posterior to the central sulcus
(b)
Extend to medial surface of hemisphere
(c)
Receives fiber from postoventrolateral nucleus of thalamus
(d)
It linked by the association fibers with sensory cortex
Q.145. According to the interpeduncular fossa, all o f the following structure are present except
(a)
optic cisma
(b)
Anterior perforated substance
(c)
Posterior perforated substance
(d)
Tuber cinereum
Q.146. A branch of which cranial nerve innervates the stapedius muscles
(a)
Hypoglossal
(b)
Vagus
(c)
Trigeminal
(d)
Oculomotor
(e)
Facial
Q.147. Regarding the Main sensory cortical area, al l are true except
(a)
It lies infront of the central sulcus
(b)
It extend to the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere
(c)
It is linked by association area with cortical motor area
(d)
It supplied by the anterior & middle cerebral a
(e)
Its lesion lead to contralateral loss of sensation
Q.148. Following tract present in lateral white column except
(a)
Lateral spinothalamic
(b)
Rubrospinal
(c)
Ventral spinocerebellar
(d)
Dorsal spinal cerebelar
(e)
Fasciculus gracilis present in dorsal column
Q.149. Which cranial nerve innervates the Styloglossus muscle
(a)
Optic
(b)
Vagus
(c)
Trigeminal
(d)
Oculomotor
(e)
Hypoglossal
Q.150. Floor of 3rd ventricle formed by all of the following except
(a)
Fornix
(b)
Optic chisma
(c)
Tuber cinerium
(d)
Infundihulum
(e)
Mammilary body
Q.151. Regarding to meninges, which of the statement is incorrect
(a)
The pia adheres to the surface of the spinal cord
(b)
The dura extend to the second sacral vertebrae
(c)
The arachnoids matter lies against the inner surface of the dura matter
(d)
The subarachnoid space lies between the arachnoid & dura
(e)
The dendiculate ligament extend from the pia matter
Q.152. The structures at the end of the axon are called
(a)
Dendrites
(b)
Terminal buttons
(c)
Cell bodies
(d)
Synaptic gaps
Q.153. Which is a source of axons found in the dorsal primary ramus of the 4th thoracic spinal nerve
(a)
Afferent neurons arising from the skin overlying the trapezius muscle
(b)
Somatic motor neurons supplying the levator scapulae muscle
(c)
Somatic motor neurons supplying the rhomboid muscles
(d)
Somatic motor neurons supplying the trapezius muscle
Q.154. A man has a herniated intervertebral disk between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae. If this disk compresses the spinal nerve in the intervertebral foramen immediately posterior to this disk, which spinal nerve would be affected
(a)
L3
(b)
L4
(c)
L5
(d)
S1
(e)
S2
Q.155. Kyphosis is an accentuated or abnormal curvature of w hich region of the spine
(a) cervical (b) thoracic (c) lumbar (d) sacral (e) coccygeal Q.156. Both the dural sac and the subarachnoid space end at which vertebral level
(a)
L4
(b)
L5
(c)
S2
(d)
S1
(e)
S4
Q.157. The part of the neuron that specializes in receiving messages from other neurons is the
(a)
Axon
(b)
Myelin
(c)
Axon terminal
(d)
Dendrite
Q.158. The following cranial nerves are attached to the medulla except
(a)
Hypoglossal
(b)
Glossopharyngeal
(c)
Vagus
(d)
accessory
(e)
Trigeminal N
Q. 159.
__________ allow ions to enter the neural cell
(a)
Myelin sheaths
(b)
Neurotransmitters
(c)
Dendrites
(d)
Channels
Q.160. The conus medullaris:
(a)
exhibits both a cervical and lumbar enlargement
(b)
has a modification of neural tissue extending from its termination to the coccygeal ligament
(c)
gives origin to most of the cauda equina
(d)
is found at its lowest extent at S2
(e)
is normally anesthetized to perform a spinal tap
Q.161. Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste from epiglottis?
(a)
Hypoglossal
(b)
Vagus
(c)
Trigeminal
(d)
Oculomotor
Q.162. The denticulate ligament:
(a)
is a modification of pia mater
(b)
is found between all dorsal and ventral roots
(c)
attaches to the dural sac continuously(d) has its terminal attachment at S2
(e)
holds the radicular arteries in place
Q.163. As the spinal needle in the above question is being inserted, which ligament would it pass through on its way to the subarachnoid space
(a)
Anterior longitudinal
(b)
Denticulate
(c)
Ligamentum nuchae
(d)
Posterior longitudinal
(e)
Supraspinous
Q.164. Because of their structure and interconnections, which veins are especially important in the spread of cancer
(a)
Basilic
(b)
Cephalic
(c)
Dorsal scapular
(d)
Internal vertebral venous plexus
(e)
Transverse cervical
Q.165. The number of vertebrae and number of spinal cord segments are the same in each region except:
(a)
Cervical
(b)
Thoracic
(c)
Lumbar
(d)
Sacral
Q.166. The subtrapezial plexus of nerves includes:
(a)
C3, C4 and the dorsal scapular nerve
(b)
C3, C4 and the accessory nerve
(c)
C3, C4 and nerve to levator scapulae
(d)
Accessory and dorsal scapular nerves
(e)
Accessory nerve and nerve to levator scapulae
Q.167. Which muscle is innervated by posterior primary rami
(a)
Latissimus dorsi
(b)
Levator scapulae
(c)
Rhomboideus major
(d)
Erector spinae
(e)
Trapezius
Q.168. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
lesion results in atrophy of the contralateral medial rectus muscle
(b)
axon arises from small neurons (interneurons i.e. they do not leave the brain) within the
(c)
ipsilateral abducens nucleus
(d)
lesion results in atrophy of the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle
(e)
lesion results in head rotation toward (ipsilaterally) the lesion to ameliorate double vision
(f)
two of the above
Q.169. A patient is suspected of having bacterial meningitis. A lumbar puncture is performed to remove cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis. If done properly, the needle used for the tap would penetrate all layers except:
(a)
Arachnoid mater
(b)
Epidural fat
(c)
Dura mater
(d)
Pia mater
(e)
Supraspinous ligament
Q.170. A patient is suspected of having bacterial meningitis. A lumbar puncture is perfor med to remove cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis. The fluid would be removed from the:
(a) Epidural space at the level of L3 (b) Intervertebral foramen at the level of L2 (c) Spinal canal at level of L 3 (d) Subdural space at the level of L4 (e) Subarachnoid space at the level of L4 Q.171. The role of the
(a)
Sympathetic
(b)
Parasympathetic
(c)
Endocrine
(d)
Somatic
nervous system is to relax the body and return it to a lower level of arousal.
Q.172. Which structure does not contain efferent autonomic nerve fibers
(a)
Dorsal, ramus of C4
(b)
Dorsal root of T6
(c)
Ventral root of T3
(d)
Ventral ramus of L2
Q.173. The corpus callosum is responsible for
(a)
Verbal processing
(b)
Relaying information between the right and left hemispheres
(c)
Speech production
(d)
Sleep
Q.174. In order to expose the spinal cord from the posterior side, it is necessary to remove the:
(a)
Laminae, pedicles and ligamenta flavum
(b)
Laminae, spinous processes and ligamenta flavum
(c)
Pedicles, spinous processes and posterior longitudinal ligament
(d)
Transverse processes, pedicles and ligamenta flavum
Q.175. In an adult, the conus medullaris of the spinal cord is normally positioned at which vertebral body levels:
(a)
T10-T12
(b)
T12-L2
(c)
L2-L4
(d)
L5-S1
Q.176. When a neuron is depolarized, the inside of the cell membrane is _____________ and the outside of the cell membrane is
(a)
Positive, negative
(b)
Negative, positive
(c)
Negative, negative
(d)
Positive, positive
Q.177. The effect of sympathetic stimulation on the urinary bladder is to _________ the wal l and _________ the sphincter.
(a)
contract, contract
(b)
contract, relax
(c)
relax, contract
(d)
relax, relax
Q.178. A 45-year-old man complained to his physician that the muscles of his upper limb were weak and he felt clumsy while walking. Tests revealed that he had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease), a disease which attacks the neurons of the voluntary motor system. Where would one expect to see atrophic or degenerated nerve cell bodies?
(a)
Dorsal horn of the spinal cord
(b)
Dorsal root ganglion
(c)
Lateral horn of the spinal cord
(d)
Sympathetic chain ganglia
(e)
Ventral horn of the spinal cord
Q.179. Hormones
(a)
are the electrical messengers of me glands.
(b)
are related to neurotransmitters.
(c)
generally maintain a steady state in our bodily functions.
(d) sites.
are similar to neurotransmitters, but unlike neurotransmitters, hormones do not require receptor
Q.180. Regarding to the thalamus , all of the statements are
(a)
It is situated on the side wall of the third ventricle
(b)
Connected to the opposite thalamus
(c)
External medullary lamina diveids it into two halves
(d)
Pulvinar is situated
Q.181. In the final stages of labor a caudal anesthetic is sometimes given via a needle inserted into the sacral hiatus. The anesthetic is thus placed around the outside of the sacral spinal nerve roots and into the?
(a)
Central canal
(b)
Dural sinus
(c)
Epidural space
(d)
Subarachnoid space
(e)
Subdural space
Q.182. A new, improved brain imaging technique for measuring glucose metabolism of the brain is called
(a)
MAN scan
(b)
PET scan
(c)
MRI
(d)
CT scan
Q.183. The greater the sensitivity of a part of the body,
(a)
The larger the area of somatosensory cortex associated with it. \
(b)
He smaller the area of somatosensory cortex associated with it.
(c)
the smaller the area of motor cortex associated with it
(d)
The larger the area of the cerebellum associated with it.
Q.184. What circulates around the CNS to cushion the brain and spinal cord
(a)
Meninges
(b)
Skull
(c)
spinal column
(d)
brain ,
(e)
Cerebrum
(f)
cerebrospinal fluid
Q.185. Which of the following is not controlled by the hypothalamus
(a)
Sex
(b)
eating and drinking
(c)
temperature control
(d)
posture
Q.186. Bilal does not understand algebra, but he's a good artist, bilal' s ________brain is probably more fully developed.
(a)
Left
(b)
Right
(c)
Mid
(d)
Subcortical
Q.187. Destruction of the reticular activating system would result in
(a)
coma
(b)
dizziness
(c)
blurred vision
(d)
aphasia
Q.188. The _________ is the part of the brain that stores lasting memories.
(a) Hindbrain (b) Temporal lobe (c) Occipital lobe (d) Hippocampus Q.189.
measures the structure of the brain by utilizing a series of x-rays.
(a) EEG (b) CTscan (c) MRIscan
(d) PET Q.190. Ayan has some paralysis and loss of sensation in his right side after a motorcycle accident. It is likely that there is brain damage in the
(a)
Cerebellum
(b)
Left hemisphere
(c)
Corpus callosum
(d)
Right hemisphere
Q.191. Waqqas has just had some medical tests conducted. One of the tests recorded waqqas's brain waves on a moving sheet of paper. Waqqas was probably given the
(a) EEG (b) CTscan (c) MRIscan (d) PET scan Q.192. The ___________ regulates the functioning of other glands.
(a)
pituitary gland
(b)
pineal gland
(c)
thyroid gland
(d)
adrenal gland
Q.193. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
central process of axon terminates in the caudal portion of dorsal motor X
(b)
axon conveys information regarding pain and temp, from the pharynx
(c)
axon arises from superior ganglion DC
(d)
axon participates in the carotid sinus reflex
(e)
axon conveys information about taste
,/
Q.194. A brief electrical current is applied to the cortex causing movements and muscular twi tches in various parts of the body. The area stimulated is the
(a)
Somesthetic area of the parietal lobe.
(b)
Association cortex of the occipital lobes.
(c)
Interpretative cortex of the temporal lobes.
(d)
Motor cortex of the frontal lobes.
Q.195. The brain center for audition is in the ____________ lobe.
,
(a)
Lobe
(b)
Parietal
(c)
Occipital
(d)
Frontal
Q.196. The most obvious difference between the human brain and the brain of a carp would be in the
(a)
hypothalamus
(b)
Thalamus
(c)
Cerebellum
(d)
Cerebral cortex
Q.197. Compression of what nerve arising from the brachial plexus results in numbness, tingling, and pain in the fingers, a condition called carpal tunnel syndrome.
(a)
axillary nerve
(b)
radial nerve
(c)
median nerve
(d)
musculocutaneous nerve
Q.198. Which of these layers in the wall of blood vessels contains smooth muscle
(a)
tunica adventitia
(b)
tunica intima
(c)
tunica media
(d)
both b and c
Q.199. Which of these vessels is least affected by vasoconstriction and vasodilation
(a)
arterioles
(b)
elastic arteries
(c)
muscular arteries
(d)
small arteries
Q.200. If one does a laminectomy (removing the laminae of two adjacent vertebrae) to expose the spinal cord, which ligament must be removed
(a)
anterior longitudinal
(b)
denticulate
(c)
ligamentum flavum
(d)
ligamentum nuchae
(e)
posterior longitudinal
Q.201. Veins greater than 2 mm in diameter have
(a)
no tunica adventitia
(b)
thicker walls than arteries
(c)
Valves.
(d)
no endothelial lining
(e)
no smooth muscle in their walls
Q.202. The first artery to branch from the aortic arch is the
(a)
brachiocephalic artery
(b)
left common carotid artery
(c)
right common carotid artery
(d)
left subclavian artery
(e)
right subclavian artery
Q.203. The use of an electrode to destroy small areas of the brain beneath the surface is called
(a)
ablation.
(b)
deep lesioning.
(c)
surface lesioning.
(d)
electroencephalography.
Q.204. Which of these characteristics describe the somatic motor nervous system?
(a)
one neuron between CNS and skeletal muscle
(b)
effect can be excitatory or inhibitory
(c)
cell bodies in lateral part of the spinal cord
(d)
receptor molecules can be nicotinic or muscarinic
(e)
all of these
Q.205. The artery that supplies blood to the small intestine and upper portion of the colon is the
(a)
celiac trunk.
(b)
common iliac artery
(c)
inferior mesenteric artery
(d)
posterior intercostal artery
(e)
superior mesenteric artery
Q.206. Which serious anomaly of the optic nerve can occur in the newborn child of mother addicted to alcohol or illegal drugs
(a)
Optic nerve papilledema
(b)
Optic nerve atrophy
(c)
Optic nerve hypoplasia
(d)
Optic neuritis
Q.207. During ventricular diastole, pressure in the ventricles fal ls to ________ mm Hg white the pressure within the large arteries is about __________ mm H g.
(a)
120,80
(b)
80,120
(c)
80,0
(d)
0,80
(e)
40, 120
Q.208. The intervertebral disk
(a)
is found between all adjacent vertebrae
(b)
adds about l/4th to entire length of vertebral column
(c)
is a type of synovial joint within the vertebral column
(d)
contains a compressible liquid center
(e)
is perforated by the needle when performing a spinal tap
Q.209. To determine mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO) is multiplied by
(a)
diastolic pressure
(b)
systolic pressure
(c)
pulse pressure
(d)
peripheral resistance
Q.210. Whereas ___________ mechanisms are most important for regulating mean arterial pressure on a short-term basis; ____________ mechanisms are most important for re gulating mean arterial pressure on a long-term basis.
(a)
baroreceptor, chemoreceptor
(b)
chemoreceptor, baroreceptor
(c)
chemoreceptor, hormonal
(d)
hormonal, baroreceptor
(e)
baroreceptor, hormonal
Q.211. All preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are
(a)
Adrenergic
(b)
Cholinergic
(c)
Myelinated
(d)
Unmyelinated
(e)
both b and c
Q.212. Which of the following is not a function of the peripheral circulation. Exchange of nutrients, waste products, and gases
(a)
Transport
(b)
Regulation of blood pressure
(c)
Carries lymph
(d)
Directs blood flow
Q.213. A neuron with a cell body in the dorsal root ganglia could convey what type of fibers
(a)
motor to the deep back muscles
(b)
motor to the pectoralis major muscle
(c)
sensory from the skin overlying the trapezius
(d)
sympathetic preganglionics to the suprarenal medulla
(e)
visceral efferents to the stomach
Q.214. The reticular formation (RF) is associated with
(a)
hunger and thirst
(b)
attention and wakefulness
(c)
sex, rage, and emotion
(d)
pleasure and punishment
Q.215. The spinal cord is segmented like the vertebral column, but in contrast to the vertebrae, there are only ___________ cord segments
(a)
28
(b)
29
(c)
30
(d)
31
(e)
32
Q.216. In the ANS, the preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in the autonomic ganglia.
(a)
brain stem
(b)
spinal cord
(c)
dorsal root ganglia
(d)
skeletal muscle cells
Q.217. As one moves up the evolutionary scale, development of the nervous system shows
(a)
An increase in the brain tissue devoted to the cerebral cortex.
(b)
Corticalization of the peripheral nervous system.
(c)
A decrease in the size of cortical association areas.
(d)
A diminishing importance of the corpus callosum.
Q.218. The effector organs for the somatic motor nervous system are
(a)
cardiac muscle
(b)
smooth muscle
(c)
Glands
(d)
skeletal muscle.
(e)
all of these
Q.219. The somatosensory area is located in the
(a)
temporal lobes
(b)
Parietal lobes
(c)
Occipital lobes
(d)
Frontal lobes
Q.220 Sympathetic postganglionic axons may pass through a ___________ and reenter a spinal nerve.
(a)
gray ramus communicans
(b)
splanchnic nerve
(c)
afferent neurons
(d)
postganglionic neuron
(e)
white ramus communicans
Q.221. Some sympathetic preganglionic axons synapse in collateral ganglia; the postganglionic axon then passes through a
(a)
spinal nerve
(b)
splanchnic nerve
(c)
sympathetic nerve.
(d)
parasympathetic nerve.
(e)
somatic motor nerve.
Q.222. An accident victim is shown a picture of a car and says, "dar." This person is suffering from
(a)
Broca's aphasia.
(b)
mindblindness.
(c)
damage to Wernicke's area.
(d)
agnosia.
Q.223. Some sympathetic preganglionic axons pass through the chain ganglia and a collateral ganglion before synapsing with cells in the
(a)
adrenal medulla
(b)
brain
(c)
heart
(d)
kidneys
(e)
blood vessels
Q.224. The brainstem consists mainly of the
(a)
cerebellum and the cerebral cortex
(b)
cerebrum and the medulla.
(c)
medulla and the cerebellum
(d)
cerebral cortex and the medulla.
Q.225. Which of these is not a collateral ganglion
(a)
celiac ganglion
(b)
inferior mesenteric ganglion
(c)
external iliac ganglion
(d)
superior mesenteric ganglion
Q.226. Sympathetic nerves innervate which of these structures
(a)
smooth muscle in the esophagus and lungs
(b)
sweat glands in the skin of the head and neck
(c)
smooth muscle in the blood vessels of the head, the salivary glands, and the eye
(d)
smooth muscle in the wall of the pancreas
(e)
all of these
Q.227. Parasympathetic preganglionic axons whose cell bodies are in the sacral region of the spinal cord travel through _____________ nerves that innervate the urinary bladder, lower colon, etc.
(a)
Cranial
(b)
Spinal
(c)
Pelvic
(d)
Splanchnic
(e)
Sympathetic
Q.228. A patient is diagnosed as having a venous anomaly of the posterior spinal veins which have enlarged, putting pressure on the spinal cord. In o rder to expose the veins, the surgeon will have to pass through the skin, subcutaneous tissue, deep back muscles and then, in order, the:
(a) Laminae and ligamenta flava, posterior longitudinal ligament, epidural space, dura, subdural space, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, pia (b) pia.
Pedicles and ligamenta flava, epidural space, dura, subdural space, arachnoid, subarachnoid space,
(c) pia.
Laminae and ligamenta flava, epidural space, dura, subdural space, arachnoid, subarachnoid space,
(d) Pedicles, posterior longitudinal ligament, epidural space, dura, subdural space, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, pia. (e)
Laminae and ligamenta flava, epidural space, pia.
Q.229. About 80% of the cells in the adrenal medulla secrete
(a)
Acetylcholine
(b)
Epinephrine
(c)
Norepinephrine
(d)
All of above
Q.230. Which of these veins is a deep vein
(a)
basilic vein
(b)
brachial vein
(c)
cephalic vein
(d)
median cubital vein
(e)
great saphenous vein
Q.231. The membranes of effector cells that respond to acetylcholine released from postganglionic neurons have
(a)
adrenergic receptors.
(b)
muscarinic receptors.
(c)
nicotinic receptors.
(d)
All of above
Q.232. When acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors
(a)
Na+ ion channels open.
(b)
G proteins are activated.
(c)
K+ channels open.
(d)
CI-channels open.
Q.233. As blood flows through a capillary, _____________ causes fluid to leave the capillary; whereas ___________causes fluid to enter the capillary.
(a)
blood pressure, osmosis
(b)
osmosis, blood pressure
(c)
blood pressure, lymphatic pressure
(d)
lymphatic pressure, blood pressure
(e)
vasoconstriction, vasodilation
Q.234. When acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors, the response is
(a)
always excitatory.
(b)
always inhibitory.
(c)
either excitatory or inhibitory.
(d)
All of above
Q.235. When norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors,
(a)
Na+ ion channels open.
(b)
G proteins are activated.
(c)
K+ channels open.
(d)
CI- channels open.
Q.236. Where are fibers of adjacent spinal nerves sorted and recombined so that fibers specific to a body part reach that body part in the same nerve
(a)
Ganglion
(b)
nucleus
(c)
plexus
(d)
reticular formation
Q.237. Which of the following is most closely associated with language production
(a)
Aphasia
(b)
Broca's area
(c)
Wernicke's area
(d)
Agnosia
Q.238. Epinephrine binds to
(a)
adrenergic receptors.
(b)
muscarinic receptors.
(c)
nicotinic receptors.
(d)
All of above
Q.239. The effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the eye is to __________the ciliary muscle and to ______________ the pupil.
(a)
contract, constrict
(b)
contract, dilate
(c)
relax, constrict
(d)
relax, dilate
Q.240. Given these vessels: 1. basilar artery 2. brachiocephalic artery 3. circle of Willis 4. right subclavian artery 5. right vertebral artery, Choose the arrangement that lists the vessels in order going from the aorta to the brain.
(a)
1,2,5,4,3
(b)
2,4,3,5,1
(c)
2,4,5,1,3
(d)
4,2,1,3,5
(e)
5,1,3,2,4
Q.241. Which of these effects results from the stimulation of the parasympathetic division
(a)
increased heart rate and force
(b)
increased blood flow to skeletal muscles
(c)
increased contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract
(d)
increased glucose in the blood
(e)
contraction of arrector pili muscles
Q.242. Which serious anomaly of the optic nerve can occur in the newborn child of a mother addicted to alcohol or illegal drugs
(a)
Optic nerve papilledema
(b)
Optic nerve atrophy
(c)
Optic nerve hypoplasia
(d)
Optic neuritis
Q.243. Choose the correct order an action potential travels through them from a stimulus to the resulting action.
(a)
1,2,3,4,5
(b)
1,5,2,4,3
(c)
2,1,3,4,5
(d)
4,1,2,5,3
(e)
5,1,2,4,3
Q.244. Which of the following is not one of the four regions into which the spinal cord is divided
(a)
Coccygeal
(b)
Lumbar
(c)
Sacral
(d)
Thoracic
Q.245. In the autonomic reflex that regulates blood pressure, the type of sensory receptors involved are
(a)
Baroreceptors
(b)
chemoreceptors
(c)
nociceptors.
(d)
Thermoreceptors
Q.246. Which of these structures is innervated almost entirely by the sympathetic division
(a)
gastrointestinal tract
(b)
urinary bladder
(c)
blood vessels
(d)
reproductive organs
Q.247. The parasympathetic division
(a)
decreases blood flow to the skin
(b)
mediates many reflexes that regulate the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems
(c)
is responsible for the fight or flight response.
(d)
causes an increase in metabolism.
(e)
all of these
Q.248. A patient suffering a myocardial infarction (heart attack) has cold, clammy skin because of strong stimulation of the
(a)
parasympathetic division.
(b)
sympathetic division,
(c)
All of above
(d)
None of all above
Q.249. There are _________ pairs of spinal nerves.
(a)
12
(b)
21
(c)
31
(d)
43
Q.250. The deep groove on the ventral surface that extends the length of the spinal cord is the anterior median fissure.
(a)
central canal
(b)
central sulcus,
(c)
longitudinal fissure.
(d)
All of above
Q.251. The microscopic space between two neurons is called a
(a)
enkephalins
(b)
Acetylcholine
(c)
Catecholamine
(d)
Synapse
Q.252. Which spinal nerves comprise the cauda equina
(a)
coccygeal
(b)
lumbar, sacral and coccygeal
(c)
sacral
(d)
sacral and coccygeal
Q.253. What two grooves extend the length of the spinal cord and partially divide it into right and left halves
(a)
anterior median fissure and central sulcus
(b)
anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus
(c)
central sulcus and longitudinal fissure
(d)
longitudinal fissure and posterior median sulcus
Q.254. The fibrous strand or terminal filu m that anchors the inferior end of the spinal cord to the coccyx is a continuation of the
(a)
arachnoid mater.
(b)
dura mater
(c)
epidural mater.
(d)
pia mater.
Q.255. Space superficial to the meninges in the spinal cord area in which an anesthetic is injected to block pain impulses from the pelvic area
(a)
dural sinus
(b)
epidural space
(c)
subarachnoid space
(d)
subdural space
Q.256. The spinal cord is contiguous superiorally with the
(a)
Cerebellum
(b)
medulla oblongata,
(c)
Midbrain
(d)
pons.
Q.257. The nerves that supply the upper li mbs enter or exit from this area of the spinal cord.
(a)
cervical plexuses
(b)
cervical enlargement
(c)
lumbar enlargement
(d)
sacral plexuses
Q.258. The nerves that supply the lower limbs enter or exit from this area of the spinal cord.
(a)
brachial plexuses
(b)
cervical enlargement
(c)
cervical plexuses
(d)
lumbar enlargement
Q.259. Sympathetic preganglionic axons enter the chain ganglia through the
(a)
gray ramus communicans.
(b)
splanchnic nerve
(c)
afferent neurons
(d)
postganglionic neuron.
(e)
white ramus communicans.
Q.260. Which of the following statements about the spinal cord is not correct
(a)
It has two enlargements
(b)
It extends to the level of lumbar vertebra three in an adult.
(c)
It gives rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves
(d)
It has a central canal that is continuous with the fourth ventricle of the brain.
Q.261. The inferior end of the spinal cord is anchored to the coccyx by the
(a) cauda equina. (b) conus medullaris (c) filum terminale (d) tectum Q.262. When acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors, the response is
(a)
always excitatory.
(b)
always inhibitory,
(c)
either excitatory or inhibitory.
(d)
All of above
Q.263. The gray matter on either side of the spinal cord is subdivided into anterior, lateral and posterior
(a)
Columns
(b)
horns,
(c)
funiculi.
(d)
fasciculi.
Q.264. The lateral horns of the gray matter in the thoracic region of the spinal cord contain the cell bodies of
(a)
somatic motor neurons.
(b)
parasympathetic motor neurons.
(c)
sympathetic motor neurons.
(d)
sensory neurons.
Q.265. The gray matter on the right and left sides of the spinal cord is connected by the
(a)
corpus callosum.
(b)
gray commissure.
(c)
intermediate mass.
(d)
Vermis
Q.266. Which of the following terms is synonymous with columns as in columns of white matter in the spinal cord
(a)
fasciculi
(b)
funiculi
(c)
horns
(d)
tracts
Q.267. Each column in the white matter of the spinal cord consists of one or more
(a)
funiculi
(b)
gyri
(c)
horns
(d)
tracts.
Q.268. The white matter in each half of the spinal cord is arranged in
(a)
two horns - anterior and lateral,
(b)
three horns - anterior, lateral and posterior,
(c)
two columns - ventral and dorsal,
(d)
three columns - ventral, lateral and dorsal.
Q.269. AH of the following are true about spinal nerves except
(a)
they are all mixed
(b)
there are 31 pairs
(c)
spinal nerves may contain nerve fibers of both the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
(d)
all motor nerve fibers in spinal nerves extend uninterrupted from the spinal cord to an effector.
Q.270. Ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord occur in the
(a) columns. (b) gray commissure. (c) Horns (d) roots. Q.271. The knee-jerk reflex involves which of the following
(a)
sensory and motor neurons
(b)
sensory, association and motor neurons
(c)
sensory, motor and interneurons
(d)
sensory and association neurons
Q.272. Which of the following is not true about the knee jerk reflex
(a)
It is a spinal reflex.
(b)
It is a somatic reflex.
(c)
It helps to maintain an upright posture
(d)
It involves conduction of nerve impulses from sensory neuron to interneuron to motor neuron.
Q.273. Which of the following reflexes inhibits skeletal muscle contraction
(a)
crossed extensor reflex
(b)
Golgi tendon reflex
(c)
stretch reflex
(d)
withdrawal reflex
Q.274. When acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors
(a) Na+ ion channels open. (b) G proteins are activated, (c) K+ channels open. (d) CI-channels open. Q.275. Inhibitory interneurons are involved in which of the following spinal reflexes
(a)
Golgi tendon reflex
(b)
knee jerk reflex
(c)
stretch reflex
(d)
withdrawal reflex
Q.276. Excitatory interneurons are involved in which of the following spinal reflexes
(a)
Golgi tendon reflex
(b)
knee jerk reflex
(c)
stretch reflex
(d)
withdrawal reflex
Q.277. The reflex arc contains a
(a)
sensory reception
(b)
sensory neuron
(c)
motor neuron
(d)
All of the above.
Q.278. Which of the following combinations indicates the correct distribution of spinal nerve pairs
(a)
7 cervical -12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5
sacral - 1 coccygeal
(b)
7
cervical - 12 thoracic - 6 lumbar - 6 sacral - 1 coccygeal
(c)
8
cervical - 12 thoracis - 6 lumbar - 4 sacral - 1 coccygeal
(d)
8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5
sacral - 1 coccygeal
Q.279. The anterior branch or ramus of a spinal nerve supplies
(a)
muscles and skin of the back
(b)
muscles and skin on the front and sides of the trunk and limbs
(c)
the meninges and blood vessels of the spinal cord
(d)
intervertebral ligaments and vertebrae
Q.280. The white matter in each half of the spinal cord is organized into three columns. Which of the following is not one of the columns
(a)
ventral column
(b)
lateral column
(c)
inferior column
(d)
dorsal column
Q.281. The brachial plexus supplies nerves that function to contract which of the following
(a)
the diaphragm
(b)
intercostal muscles
(c)
muscles of the arm and forearm
(d)
muscles of the lower limb
Q.282. The sciatic nerves arise from whi ch of these plexuses
(a)
brachial
(b)
cervical
(c)
choroid
(d)
umbosacral
Q.283. Which of the following combinations of spinal nerves supply the brachial plexuses
(a)
C1-C4
(b)
Cl-Tl
(c)
C5-T1
(d)
T12-S5
Q.284. Which of the following are not peripheral nerves associated with the brachial plexuses
(a)
axillary nerves
(b)
femoral nerves
(c)
radial nerves
(d)
ulnar nerves
Q.285. Which of the following nerves arising from the lumbosacral plexuses are the largest and longest peripheral nerves in the body
(a)
femoral nerves
(b)
obturator nerves
(c)
pudental nerves
(d)
sciatic nerves
Q.286. Which of the following plexuses is not paired with a peripheral nerve originating from it
(a)
brachial - radial nerve
(b)
cervical - phrenic nerve
(c)
lumbar - femoral nerve
(d)
sacral - muscuolcutaneous nerve
Q.287. The ventral branches or rami of spinal nerves do not join to form nerve plexuses in which of the following spinal cord areas
(a)
cervical
(b)
lumbar
(c)
sacral
(d)
thoracic
Q.288. After severely breaking his left humerus in an accident, a man lost sensation on the posterior aspect of the limb and was unable to extend his forearm, wrist, or fingers. What nerve was damaged?
(a)
Axillary
(b)
Musculocutaneous
(c)
Radial
(d)
Ulnar
Q.289. After severely injuring her hip in an accident, a woman was unable to extend her right leg. What nerve was damaged
(a)
Femoral
(b)
Obturator
(c)
Tibial
(d)
Pudental
Q.290. Which of the following nerves arises from the brachial plexus and innervates all of the extensor muscles of the upper limb
(a)
axillary nerve
(b)
musculocutaneous nerve
(c)
radial nerve
(d)
ulnar nerve
Q.291. Which of the nerves arising from the lumbosacral plexus is the largest peripheral nerve in the body
(a)
femoral
(b)
ischiadic nerve
(c)
obturator nerve
(d)
pudental nerve
Q.292. Which of the following statements is true
(a)
Peripheral nerve is similar to smooth muscle in terms of the connective tissue investment
(b)
Most nerves contain afferent and efferent fibers and thus carry both motor and sensory signals
(c)
Nodes of Ranvier are most easily seen in cross-section of peripheral nerve
(d)
None of the above
Q.293. Before a doctor performs an episiotomy, a cut in the perineum that makes the opening of the birth canal larger, branches of w hat nerves arising from the lumbosacral plexuses are anesthetized
(a)
femoral nerves
(b)
ischiadic nerves
(c)
obturator nerves
(d)
pudental nerves
Q.294. Nerve fibers in the phrenic nerves that i nnervate the diaphragm arise primarily from what plexuses
(a) brachial (b) cervical (c) lumbar (d) sacral Q.295. Which pair of spinal nerves does not supply any skin area
(a)
CI
(b)
C8
(c)
Tl
(d)
SI
Q.296. The part of the brain that acts as central relay station is the
(a)
Reticular formation
(b)
Limbic system
(c)
Hippocampus
(d)
Thalamus
Q.297. A nerve impulse is also called a
(a)
Negative after-image
(b)
Action potential
(c)
Refractory energy burst
(d)
Resting energy burst
Q.298. The cell body of a neuron is also called the
(a)
Dendrite
(b)
Axon
(c)
Myelin
(d)
Soma
Q.299. The ___________ area in the brain acts as a final "switching station" for most incoming sensory information.
(a)
superior colliculus
(b)
reticular formation (RF)
(c)
autonomic nervous system
(d)
thalamus
Q.300. Nerve cell bodies and dendrites are not the only locations sensitive to neurotransmitters. Receptor sites can also be found on
(a)
Muscles and glands
(b)
Skeletal joints
(c)
Axon terminals
(d)
All vital organs
Q.301. The channels that transport sodium and potassium within the axon are called
(a)
DNA & RNA channels
(b)
Membrane channels
(c)
Neurons channels
(d)
Ion channels
Q.302. Which of these veins drains blood fro m the posterior thoracic wall, and delivers blood to the superior vena cava
(a) axillary vein (b) azygos vein (c) basilica vein (d) internal jugular vein (e) external jugular vein Q.303. Neurotransmitters are primarily associated with the
(a)
Synapse
(b)
Soma
(c)
Neurilemma
(d)
Production of ion potentials
Q.304. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a)
lesion results in deviation of the tongue to the contralateral side upon tongue protrusion
(b)
nucleus associated with nerve receives input from the contralateral motor cortex
(c)
lesion results in atrophy of the ipsilateral tongue muscles
(d)
nucleus associated with nerve contains lower motor neurons
(e)
three of the above
Q.305. Which is the best explanation of how a nerve impulse is carried from one neuron to another. The action potential or impulse
(a)
Jumps the synapse similar to the way a spark jumps the gap in a spark plug.
(b)
Causes the axon terminal to squirt out a chemical toward the next neuron
(c)
Causes the axon terminal to expand and touch a receptor site
(d)
Bursts open a gap in the wall of the next neuron's dendrite
Q.306. The fastest neurons can send impulses at about ____________ miles per hour.
(a)
200
(b)
425
(c)
150
(d)
45
Q.307. A nerve cell carrying information from your brain to muscles and glands is called a
(a)
Motor neuron
(b)
effector cell.
(c)
Connector neuron
(d)
sensory neuron
Q.308. The emergency part of the nervous system that prepares the body for fight or flight is the
branch.
(a)
Sympathetic
(b)
Parasympathetic
(c)
Central
(d)
Peripheral
Q.309. The function of the sympathetic nervous system is to prepare the body for
(a)
Fight or flight
(b)
Returning to equilibrium
(c)
Maintaining vital bodily functions
(d)
Input from cranial nerves
Q.310. The effect of mind-altering drugs may be a result of their
(a)
Toxic effects on sensitive neural tissues
(b)
Ability to lower neural thresholds in brain tissue
(c)
Ability to imitate or block neurotransmitters
(d)
Stimulation of enkephalin production in regulator
Q.311. The "all-or-nothing event" refers to the fact that
(a)
Nerve cells are continuously active
(b)
Action potentials occur completely or not at all
(c)
An electrical current crosses the synapse completely or not at all
(d)
All the neurons in a particular "lobe" of the brain fire or none of them fire
Q.312. A barefoot child steps on a bee, then jerks his or her foot back in response to the sting. This response has likely involved all parts of the nervous system except
(a) The brain (b) The spinal cord (c) Motor neurons (d) Connector neurons or interneurons Q.313. The chemicals released at an axon terminal are called
(a) Axonic ions (b) Neural facilitators (c) Neurotransmitters (d) Synaptic facilitators Q.314. The myelogram revealed that the dye had leaked out along the spinal nerves in the mid cervical region on the right side. For the dye to leak out, what layer must have been torn or ruptured
(a) arachnoid (b) denticulate ligament (c) periosteum
(d) perineurium Q315. An action potential refers to the traveling of a nerve impulse along the
(a) Axon (b) Dendrite (c) Axon terminal (d) Cell membrane Q.316. Cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord gray matter.
(a)
ventral horn of the spinal cord gray matter.
(b)
lateral horn of the spinal cord gray matter.
(c)
sympathetic chain ganglia.
(d)
collateral ganglia.
Q.317. Electrically charged particles of the ele ments ___________ are crucial in the transmission of the nerve impulse.
(a)
Iron and sodium
(b) Iron and potassium (c)
Sodium and nickel
(d)
Sodium and potassium
Q.318. The autonomic nervous system contains tw o branches called the
(a)
Spinal nerves and cranial nerves
(b)
Somatic and spinal systems
(c)
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
(d)
Parasympathetic and spinal systems systems
Q.319. neuron
____________ is the correct sequence of events in communicating a stimulus to another
(a)
Stimulus - electrical impulse - neurotransmitter - receptor site
(b)
Electrical impulse - receptor site - neurotransmitter - stimulus
(c)
Receptor site - electrical impulse - stimulus - neurotransmitter
(d)
Receptor site - stimulus - electrical impulse - neurotransmitter
Q.320. Information is first received by a nerve cell at the
(a)
axon
(b)
nucleus
(c)
dendrites
(d)
telodendria
Q.321. Which of these functions is not affected by parasympathetic stimulation
(a) secretion of tears (b) secretion of sweat (c)
secretion of insulin from the pancreas
(d)
secretion of thin, watery, saliva
(e)
secretion of digestive glands
Q.322. In the nervous system, electrical charges are set up because of unequal concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell. This state is known as
(a)
Resting potential
(b)
Equilibrium potential
(c)
State of potential
(d)
Nerve energy
(e)
Action potential
Q.323. When norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors, the response is
(a)
always excitatory.
(b)
always inhibitory.
(c)
either excitatory or inhibitory.
(d)
All of above
Q.324. A nerve cell carrying information from your eyes, ears, fingers, etc. toward the CNS is called
(a)
Motor neuron
(b)
effector cell
(c)
Connector neuron
(d)
Sensory neuron
Q.325. The pons acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas and influences
(a)
activity.
(b) sleep and arousal, (c)
motor behavior.
(d)
higher reasoning.
Q.326. Broca's area plays an important role in ______, while Wernicke's area pl ays an important role in ___________
(a)
Motor function, sensation
(b)
Sensation, motor function
(c)
Speech production, speech comprehension
(d)
Speech comprehension, speech production
Q.327. The soma is the part of the nerve cell that
(a)
Serves as a specialized receiving area for information.
(b)
collects and combines incoming information
(c)
carries nerve impulses over large distances
(d)
Forms branching connections at the end of each axon.
Q.328. What effect do neurotransmitters from one neuron have on the next neuron
(a)
They have no effect
(b)
They excite it
(c)
They inhibit it.
(d)
They may excite or inhibit it.
Q.329. Many of the chemicals that affect the brain operate by
(a)
Absorbing neural impulses.
(b)
imitating or canceling the effects of neurotransmitters
(c)
changing the sodium balance in the synapse
(d)
duplicating the effect of potassium in the nuclei
Q.330. Your brain knows that you have stubbed your toe because
(a)
Dopamine transfers that information to the brain.
(b)
Afferent nerves transfer that information to the brain.
(c)
Glial cells transfer that information to the brain
(d)
Myelin sheaths transfer that information to the brain.
Q.331. The main function of myelin is to
(a)
Form a protective coating over nerve axons.
(b)
Affect the speed of nerve impulses.
(c)
Block the reception of acetylcholine.
(d)
Aid a nerve's receptivity to neurotransmitters by increasing the number of receptor sites available.
Q.332. When you are in danger, which part of the nervous system is responsible for your heart rate increasing
(a) The central nervous system (b) The peripheral nervous system (c) The sympathetic nervous system (d) The parasympathetic nervous system Q.333. The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving information is the
(a)
cell body
(b)
Axon
(c)
Dendrites
(d)
Synapse
Q.334. Collateral ganglia are associated with which of these nerves
(a)
spinal nerves
(b)
splanchnic nerves
(c)
sympathetic nerves
(d)
all of above
Q.335. The purpose of myelin is to
(a)
Promote the release of pre-synaptic neurotransmitters
(b)
Insulate axons to increase the speed of electrical impulses
(c)
Open and close channels
(d)
Create GABA
Q.336. In the lumbar spine, the L4 nerve root sleeve exits:
(a)
above the pedicle of L4 and at the top of the intervertebral foramen
(b)
above the pedicle of L4 and at the bottom of the intervertebral foramen
(c)
below the pedicle of L4 and at the top of the intervertebral foramen
(d)
below the pedicle of L4 and at the bottom of the intervertebral foramen
Q.337. When a neuron is resting, the inside of the cell membrane is ______ and the outside of the cell membrane is __________
(a)
Positive, negative
(b) Negative, positive (c)
Negative, negative
(d)
Positive, positive
Q.338. What is the most well-developed of the five major divisions of the brain
(a)
Cerebrum
(b)
frontal lobe
(c)
cerebellum
(d)
occipital lobe
(e)
parietal
(f)
temporal
Q.339. Cocaine and amphetamines mainly affect which neurotransmitters
(a)
Serotonin
(b)
Acetylcholine
(c)
Dopamine
(d)
GABA
Q.340. All postganglionic neurons bear these receptors.
(a)
Alpha adrenergic
(b)
Beta adrenergic
(c)
Nicotinic
(d)
Muscarinic
Q.341. The neurotransmitter most associated with love and bonding is
(a)
Serotonin
(b)
Oxytocin
(c)
Endorphins
(d)
Norepinephrine
Q.342. The lobe of the cerebral cortex that responds to visual stimuli is the
(a)
Occipital lobe
(b)
Parietal lobe
(c)
Temporal lobe
(d)
Frontal lobe
Q.343. The peripheral nervous system includes the
(a)
Somatic nervous system
(b)
Brain
(c)
Spinal cord
(d)
Nuclei
Q.344. Researchers have determined that bipolar disorder is more heritable than a major depressive disorder. They found that the more closely related family members are to someone with bipolar disorder, the more likely they are to have bipolar disorder themselves. The correlation is not as strong with major depressive disorders. These types of researchers are referred to as
(a)
Neurologists
(b)
Psychiatrists
(c)
Evolutionary psychologists
(d)
Behavior geneticists
Q.345. The part of a spinal nerve that supplies the true back muscles and the skin overlying them is the:
(a)
dorsal primary ramus
(b)
dorsal root
(c)
ventral primary ramus
(d)
ventral root
Q.346. Parkinson disease is associated with da mage to the
(a)
Thalamus
(b)
Hypothalamus
(c)
Basal ganglia
(d)
Reticular formation
Q.347. The lobe of the cerebral cortex associated with personality is the
(a)
Occipital lobe
(b)
Parietal lobe
(c)
Temporal lobe
(d)
Frontal lobe
Q.348. Which of these vessels does not carry blood that goes into the hepatic portal vein
(a)
inferior mesenteric vein
(b)
splenic vein
(c)
superior mesenteric vein
(d)
hepatic vein
(e)
gastric vein
Q.349. The somatosensory cortex is located in which area of the brain
(a)
Parietal lobe
(b)
Hypothalamus
(c)
Frontal lobe
(d)
Reticular formation
Q.350. Which of the following is known as “the master gland”
(a)
Adrenal gland
(b)
Thyroid
(c)
Parathyroid
(d)
Pituitary gland
Q.351. In the ______________ circuit the flow of blood travels through the system of blood vessels that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the tissues of the body and back to the right atrium.
(a)
Pulmonary
(b)
Systemic
(c)
portal
(d)
coronary
(e)
fetal
Q.352. The part of the nerve cell specialized for conducting information is the
(a)
Axon
(b)
Cell body
(c)
Soma
(d)
Neunlemma
Q.353. A University student conies to the E mergency Room with a high fever, lethargy and a stiff neck. After further examination, meningitis is suspected and a lumbar puncture is ordered. What landmark could be used to insert the spi nal needle between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebral spines
(a)
Anterior superior iliac spine
(b)
Costal margin
(c)
Iliac crest
(d)
Transpyloric plane
(e)
Umbilicus
Q.354. In the brain, the function of the reticular formation is similar to the hotel service known as
(a)
advance registration
(b)
maid service
(c)
wake-up call
(d)
room service
Q.355. Which of the following statements concerning the brain is true
(a) life.
Because the cerebrum is so indispensable to functioning, damage to it may endanger a person's
(b) Even if damage is limited to less crucial areas of the cortex, the person's behavior changes so radically that even casual observers know that some brain damage has occurred. (c)
Damage to the subcortex may endanger a person's life.
(d)
The cerebral cortex is considered a part of the hindbrain.
Q.356.
is closely related to grammar and pronunciation.
(a)
Aphasia
(b)
Broca's area
(c)
Wernicke's area
(d)
Agnosia
Q.357. Which of the following describes brains of persons who do well on mental tests
(a)
They seem to Work the hardest.
(b)
They seem to consume the least glucose.
(c)
They have the largest corpus callosums.
(d)
They are the easiest to study using EEGs.
Q.358. One of the main differences between the brains of people who score high on mental tests and those v ho score low indicate that higher scorers have
(a)
higher levels of gray matter.
(b)
lower levels of gray matter,
(c)
lower PET scan recordings.
(d)
higher PET scan recordings.
Q.359. Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in
(a)
heart stoppage or respiratory failure,
(b)
a loss of hearing ability.
(c)
a loss of muscular coordination,
(d)
a reduction in emotional response.
Q.360. The endocrine system
(a)
is the only communications network in the body.
(b)
depends on electrical messages for communication
(c)
secretes hormones into the blood stream for communication.
(d)
secretes hormones into the exocrine ducts for communication
Q.361. What is the difference between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
(a)
MRI examines oxygenated blood, while fMRI examines hydrogen atoms.
(b)
MRI does not allow researchers to examine the brain in action, while fMRI does.
(c)
MRI examines glucose levels, while fMRI examines hydrogen atoms.
(d)
MRI provides a two-dimensional X-ray, while fMRI provides a three-dimensional X-ray.
Q.362. You are walking through a bad part of town, down a dark alley, and carrying a large amount of cash. Behind you, you hear a door open and close suddenly, and you immediately dive into the nearest trash container. The part of the forebrain mainly responsible for your reaction is the
(a)
hippocampus.
(b)
medulla,
(c)
cerebrum.
Q.363. An EEG records
(a)
the number of neurons in the brain,
(b)
electrical impulses from the brain,
(c)
chemical activity in the cranial nerves.
(d)
direct electrical stimulation and activation of the brain.
Q.364. As we move from lower to higher animals a larger proportion of the brain is devoted to
(a)
unusually large occipital lobes,
(b) the corpus callosum.
(c)
the cerebrum. (d)
the spinal cord.
Q.365. Using an electrode, an experimenter produces flas hes of colored light and simple visual experiences in a patient undergoing brain surgery. Most likely she has activated the
(a)
parietal lobe.
(b)
frontal lobe
(c)
occipital lobe.
(d)
temporal lobe.
Q.366. Motor & sensory area of the leg occupy
(a)
Precentral gyrus
(b)
Postcentral gyrus
(c)
Temporal gyrus
(d)
Posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus
(e)
Paracentral lobule
Q.367. A person who had difficulty ____________ would be described as having aphasia
(a)
Walking
(b)
Smelling
(c)
Eating
(d)
Communicating
Q.368. In order to perform a split -brain operation, the ___________ must be severed.
(a)
Pons
(b)
Cerebellum
(c)
corpus callosum
(d)
cerebral cortex
Q.369. The ____________ cerebral hemisphere is superior at perceptual skills and detecting and expressing emotion.
(a)
Right
(b)
Left
(c)
Cortical
(d)
Subcortical
Q.370. By using electrical stimulation, reward (or "pleasure centers") and punishment (or "aversive" areas) can be shown to exist in the
(a)
corpus callosum.
(b)
limbic system,
(c)
occipital lobe.
(d)
thalamus.
Q.371. Which of these causes precapillary sphincters to relax
(a)
increase in C02 in tissues
(b)
decrease in pH in tissues
(c)
decrease in 02 levels in tissues
(d)
decrease in glucose in tissues
(e)
all of these
Q.373. There is a greater portion of motor cortex for the
(a)
Mouth
(b)
Hands and fingers
(c)
Feet and toes
(d)
Legs
Q-374. Neurotransmitters are released at the
(a)
Axon hillock
(b)
Myelin sheath
(c)
Axon terminals
(d)
telodendria
Q.375. The limbic system is responsible for
(a)
the control of hunger, thirst, and sex.
(b)
executive functions
(c)
heartbeat and breathing regulation,
(d)
auditory processing.
Q.376. An innovative scanning technique that uses magnetic technology to visualize brain activity is called
(a)
PET
(b)
MRI
(c)
CAT
(d)
FMRI
Q.377. There is more somatosensory cortex for the
(a)
Mouth
(b)
shoulder.
(c)
feet.
(d)
legs.
Q.378. The sense of smell depends on the _____________ lobe.
(a)
Frontal
(b)
Occipital
(c)
Parietal
(d)
Temporal
Q.379. If the brain were similar to the postal system, the function of the thala mus would be similar to the role of
(a)
postmaster.
(b)
mail sorter,
(c)
mail carrier
(d)
Postmaster General.
Q.380. Which of the following is most closely associated with language comprehension
(a)
Aphasia
(b)
Broca's area
(c)
Wernicke's area
(d)
Agnosia
Q.381. The ___________ cortex is all areas of the cerebral cortex that are not sensory or motor in function.
(a)
Association
(b)
Aphasia
(c)
Broca's
(d)
Agnosia
Q.382. The reflex control centers for vital li fe functions like heart rate and breathing are found in the
(a)
forebrain
(b)
medulla
(c)
pleasure center
(d)
pituitary gland
Q.383. Experiments with animals have found pleasure centers to be located in the
(a)
pituitary gland.
(b)
left parietal lobe,
(c)
hypothalamus.
(d)
amygdala.
Q.384. Emotional responses to a traumatic event are most directly under the control of the
(a)
Somatic nervous system
(b)
Central nervous system
(c)
Autonomic nervous system
(d)
Cerebral cortex
Q.385. The area of the frontal lobe that directs the body's muscles is called the
(a)
somatosensory area.
(b)
associative area.
(c)
motor cortex.
(d)
cerebral cortex
Q.386. Bodily sensations such as touch, temperature, and pressure register in which brain area
(a)
the occipital lobes
(b)
the parietal lobes
(c)
the temporal lobes
(d)
the frontal lobes
Q.387. The surgical procedure of cutting the corpus callosum is done in cases of
(a)
communication problems.
(b)
severe epilepsy.
(c)
injury or stroke.
(d) split personality. Q.388. Which of the following is a major function of the somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex
(a)
primary area for receiving visual information
(b)
analysis of body sensations
(c)
location of motor control of the body
(d)
primarv area for receiving auditory information
Q.389. An elderly woman suffered a stroke, and there was injury to Broca's area of her brain. Her resulting speech impairment is called
(a)
aphasia.
(b)
agnosia.
(c)
mind blindness.
(d)
neglect.
Q.390. Which of the following changes would you expect to occur in someone whose frontal lobes were damaged in an accident
(a)
development of blank spots in the visual field
(b)
reduced capacity to hear high frequency sounds
(c)
reduced reasoning and planning abilities and changes in personality
(d)
inability to demonstrate complex motor skills
Q.391. Which of the following statements about the artery of Adamkiewicz is not correct
(a)
It is also known as the artery of the lumbar enlargement
(b)
It is a radicular (or radiculomedullary) artery in the lower thoracic or upper lumbar region
(c)
It is most frequently found on the left side
(d)
It has extensive collateralization (anastomoses) on the surface of the thoracic spinal cord
(e)
It passes along the surface of a ventral root of a spinal nerve to reach the cord
Q.392. The major link between the brain and the glandular system is the
(a)
hypothalamus
(b)
pituitary
(c)
CNS
(d)
midbrain
Q.393. Creating the magic of consciousness is carried out primarily by
(a)
the hindbrain.
(b)
the midbrain,
(c)
the forebrain.
(d)
the brainstem.
Q.394. Electrical stimulation of the brain
(a)
begins with the implantation of thin metal electrodes deep within the brain.
(b)
cannot be used to electrically activate specific brain areas
(c)
takes minutes to call forth aggressive behavior.
(d)
cannot effect behaviors such as sleeping and euphoria.
Q.395. Language is controlled by the ___________ of the brain.
(a)
Right hemisphere
(b)
Left hemisphere
(c)
Subcortical region
(d)
Occipital lobe
Q.396. The _____________ gland is involved in the regulation of growth
(a) Pituitary (b) Pineal (c) Thyroid (d) Adrenal Q.397. The increased size and wrinkling of the cerebral cortex in higher animals is referred to as
(a)
cerebralization
(b)
hemispherization
(c)
corticalization
(d)
reticulation
Q.398. Which of the following structures is a component of a reflex arc
(a)
Afferent neuron
(b)
Efferent neuron
(c)
Sensory receptor
(d)
Effector organ
(e)
All of the above
Q.399. The visual area of the brain is located in the ___________ lobe.
(a)
Frontal
(b)
Parietal
(c)
Occipital
(d)
Temporal
Q.400. Weeks after an automobile accident, a friend continues to have difficulty maintaining balance and movements. You should suspect that damage may ha ve occurred to the
(a)
corpus callosum.
(b)
cerebellum.
(c)
medulla.
(d)
reticular formation.
Q.401. Regarding to the development of the central nervous system all true except
(a)
It is develop from ectoderm dorsal to the notochord
(b)
The-lateral edges of the neural plate elevate to form
(c)
neural folds
(d)
The hindbrain forms medulla oblongata & the Cerebellum
(e)
Failure Of closure of the anterior neuropore results in
Q.402. An aphasia is a speech disturbance; an agnosia is
(a)
the inability to identify objects
(b)
also related to the speech center
(c)
controlled by the thalamus
(d)
a thought disturbance
Q.403. The association areas of the cerebral cortex
(a)
Are largest in the brains of lower animals.
(b) Are directly related to such functions as thinking, language, and memory and include Broca's and Wernicke's areas. (c)
Process simple sensory information, like light, sound, and touch.
(d)
Are not essential to the performance of higher mental functions.
Q.404. Which of the cerebral hemispheres is superior at drawing a picture
(a)
Left
(b)
Right
(c)
Subcortical
(d)
Mid
Q.405. In most people, the right hemisphere of the brain is in charge of
(a)
Language
(b)
Logic
(c)
Art
(d)
Mathematics
Q.406. What is located in the inferior posterior portion of the brain
(a)
Cerebrum
(b)
Cerebellum
(c)
temporal lobe
(d)
frontal lobe
(e)
parietal lobe
(f)
occipital lobe
Q.407. If a "split-brain" subject were given a key (hidden from sight) to feel with his left hand, he
(a)
Could easily name what he had touched.
(b)
Would be unable to describe the object.
(c)
Would be able to point to the key with his right hand.
(d)
Would have to wait for the information transfer to take place before describing it.
Q.408. Which of the following is most involved in the production of emotion
(a)
the occipital lobe
(b)
the limbic system
(c)
the medulla
(d)
the pituitary gland
Q.409. In higher animals, visible portions of the brain are covered with a wrinkled layer of gray matter called the
(a)
cerebral cortex
(b)
cerebellum
(c)
corpus callosum
(d)
forebrain
Q.410. The cerebral cortex is
(a)
The two large hemispheres that cover the upper part of the brain
(b)
The highest and largest brain area in humans
(c)
The bundle of fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres
(d)
The outer layer of the cerebrum
Q.411. Brain centers for most vital functions are
(a)
Distributed randomly throughout the cerebral cortex
(b)
Localized in the left cerebral hemisphere
(c)
Localized in the right cerebral hemisphere
(d)
Localized deep within the brain in the upper brainstem
Q.412. The hippocampus
(a)
Is part of the hypothalamus
(b)
Is associated with forming lasting memories.
(c)
has direct connections to the occipital lobe
(d)
is involved with sensing emotion
Q.413. Which statement concerning brain function is true
(a)
The left side of the body is generally controlled by the left hemisphere.
(b)
The left side of the body is generally controlled by the right hemisphere.
(c)
The right hemisphere is the dominant hemisphere in males but not in females
(d)
A stroke to a person's left hemisphere will affect the left side of his or her body
Q.414. Maeen has recovered from extensive injury to her left cerebral he misphere and has continued her career with little sign of impairment. Her occupation is most likely
(a)
Graphic artist
(b) Accountant (c)
English teacher
(d)
Sports writer for a newspaper
MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWERS Q.1.
(b)
Q.2.
(c)
Q.3.
(c)
Q.4.
(e)
Q.5.
(a)
Q.6.
(e)
Q.7.
(a)
Q.8.
(e)
Q.9.
(b)
Q.10.
(b)
Q.11.
(d)
Q.12.
(b)
Q.13.
(e)
Q.14.
(b)
Q.15.
(a)
Q.16.
(d)
Q.17.
(b)
Q.18.
(b)
Q.19.
(c)
Q.20.
(c)
Q.21.
(a)
Q.22.
(a)
Q.23.
(b)
Q.24.
(d)
Q.25.
(d)
Q.26.
(b)
Q.27.
(d)
Q. 28.
(c)
Q.29.
(b)
Q.30.
(b)
Q.31.
(a)
Q.32.
(d)
Q.33.
(a)
Q.34.
(d)
Q.35.
(b)
Q.36.
(d)
Q.37.
(d)
Q.38.
(c)
Q.39.
(c)
Q.40.
(b)
Q.41.
(c)
Q.42.
(b)
Q.43.
(a)
Q.44.
(a)
Q.45.
(b)
Q.46.
(b)
Q.47.
(b)
Q.48.
(e)
Q.49.
(d)
Q.50.
(c)
Q.51.
(b)
Q.52.
(a)
Q.53.
(a)
Q.54.
(d)
Q.55.
(d)
Q.56.
(d)
Q.57.
(f)
Q.58.
(b)
Q.59.
(f)
Q.60.
(c)
Q.61.
(b)
Q.62.
(e)
Q.63.
(c)
Q.64.
(b)
Q.65.
(c)
Q.66.
(a)
Q.67.
(a)
Q.68.
(e)
Q.69.
(d)
Q.70.
(c)
Q.71.
(c)
Q.72.
(e)
Q.73.
(a)
Q.74.
(f)
Q.75.
(e)
Q.76.
(a)
Q.77.
(a)
Q.78.
(b)
Q.79.
(b)
Q.80.
(e)
Q.81.
(a)
Q.82.
(b)
Q.83.
(b)
Q.84.
(e)
Q.85.
(d)
Q.86.
(e)
Q.87.
(c)
Q.88.
(b)
Q.89.
(b)
Q.90.
(e)
Q.91.
(d)
Q.92.
(e)
Q.93.
(c)
Q.94.
(e)
Q.95.
(b)
Q.96.
(c)
Q.97.
(a)
Q.98.
(c)
Q.99.
(a)
Q.100. (e)
Q.101. (f)
Q.102. (b)
Q.103.
(d)
Q.104. (b)
Q.105. (c)
Q.106. (d)
Q.107. (a)
Q.108. (d)
Q.109.
(a)
Q.110. (e)
Q.111. (e)
Q.112. (d)
Q.113. (a)
Q.114. (e)
Q.115.
(c)
Q.116. (b)
Q.117. (c)
Q.118. (b)
Q.119. (d)
Q.120. (d)
Q.121.
(b)
Q.122. (e)
Q.123. (c)
Q.124. (a)
Q.125. (d)
Q.126. (c)
Q.127.
(b)
Q.128. (c)
Q.129. (d)
Q.130. (c)
Q.131. (d)
Q.132. (b)
Q.133.
(d)
Q.134. (b)
Q.135. (a)
Q.136. (b)
Q.137. (b)
Q.138. (e)
Q.139.
(c)
Q.140. (c)
Q.141. (d)
Q.142. (b)
Q.143. (b)
Q.144. (a)
Q.145.
(b)
Q.146. (e)
Q.147. (a)
Q.148. (e)
Q.149. (e)
Q.150. (a)
Q.151.
(d)
Q.152. (b)
Q.153. (a)
Q.154. (c)
Q.155. (b)
Q.156. (c)
Q.157.
(d)
Q.158. (e)
Q.159. (d)
Q.160. (c)
Q.161. (b)
Q.162. (a)
Q.163.
(e)
Q.164. (d)
Q.165. (a)
Q.166. (b)
Q.167. (d)
Q.168. (e)
Q.169.
(d)
Q.170. (e)
Q.171. (b)
Q.172. (b)
Q.173. (d)
Q.174. (b)
Q.175.
(b)
Q.176. (d)
Q.177. (c)
Q.178. (e)
Q.179. (b)
Q.180. (d)
Q.181.
(c)
Q.182. (b)
Q.183. (a)
Q.184. (f)
Q.185. (d)
Q.186. (b)
Q.187.
(a)
Q.188. (d)
Q.189. (b)
Q.190. (b)
Q.191. (a)
Q.192. (a)
Q.193.
(d)
Q.194. (d)
Q.195. (a)
Q.196. (d)
Q.197. (c)
Q.198. (c)
Q.199.
(b)
Q.200. (c)
Q.201. (c)
Q.202. (a)
Q.203. (b)
Q.204. (a)
Q.205.
(e)
Q.206. (c)
Q.207. (d)
Q.208. (b)
Q.209. (d)
Q.210. (c)
Q.211.
(e)
Q.212. (d)
Q.213. (c)
Q.214. (b)
Q.215. (d)
Q.216. (a)
Q.217. (a)
Q.218. (d)
Q.219. (b)
Q.220. (a)
Q.221. (b)
Q.223.
(a)
Q.224. (c)
Q.229.
(b)
Q.230. (b)
Q.231. (b)
Q.232. (a)
Q.233. (a)
Q.234. (c)
Q.235.
(b)
Q.236. (c)
Q.237. (b)
Q.238. (a)
Q.239. (a)
Q.240. (c)
Q.241.
(c)
Q.242. (c)
Q.243. (e)
Q.244. (a)
Q.245. (a)
Q.246. (d)
Q.247.
(b)
Q.248. (b)
Q.249. (c)
Q.250. (a)
Q.251. (d)
Q.252. (b)
Q.253.
(b)
Q.254. (d)
Q.255. (b)
Q.256. (b)
Q.257. (b)
Q.258. (d)
Q.259.
(e)
Q.260. (b)
Q.261. (c)
Q.262. (a)
Q.263. (b)
Q.264. (c)
Q.265.
(b)
Q.266. (b)
Q.267. (d)
Q.268. (d)
Q.269. (d)
Q.270. (a)
Q.271.
(a)
Q.272. (d)
Q.273. (b)
Q.274. (b)
Q.275. (a)
Q.276. (d)
Q.277.
(d)
Q.278. (d)
Q.279. (b)
Q.280. (c)
Q.281. (c)
Q.282. (d)
Q.225. (c)
Q.226. (e)
Q.227. (b)
Q.222.
(a)
Q.228. (c)
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