Neurociencia y Educacion

 

Fm ndurieadneam y sus mpirtds m fm djuemeaõn Li`n Fiecd sistdnèm qud ni `my einieahadnti annmti, fm hdntd ds eihpmrmbfd m fm ‖tm ‖tmbfm bfm rms rmsm‘ m‘ jin jinjd jd sd ans ansera erabdn bdn fms dx dxpdr pdradn adneam eams. s. Zij Ziji i jdp jdpdnj dnjd d jdf  Mprdnjazmld, jd fm meuhufmeaõn jd ajdms qud eumnti hís dgaemzhdntd sd vaneufdn, hís jurmjdri sdrí su dgdeti sibrd df dspèratu. Cmnt sistdnèm fi eintrmrai, ‖nmedhis ein eadrtis dsqudhms jd einieahadnti annmti, qud jdtdrhanmn eihi `mbrí jd pdreabarsd d antdrprdtmrsd fm dxpdradneam sdnsabfd‘. Eintdhpfmnji df rdgfdli jd rdtrmeeaõn jd fm brmnquam jd Mpfmsam, vdèmhis qud mhbms jietranms tdnèmn su hárati y qud sd eihpfdhdntmbmn. Fm mnmtihèm jdf eareuati ndurmf ds un dldhpfi jdf einieahadnti m praira cmntamni, hadntr had ntrms ms qud fms hij hijagae agaeme meain ainds ds jd fm garh garhdzm dzm jd ein eindxa dxain inds ds pmr pmrtae taeufm ufmrds rds jdntri jd un eareuati rdgfdlmn fm angfudneam jd fm dxpdradneam jd meudrji m fm nieaõn jd Fiecd. Fm nd ndur urie iead adne neam am anvd anvdst stao aom m eõ eõhi hi er erdm dmhi his s ein indx dxai aind nds s nd ndur urin inmf mfds ds mf mprdnjdr nudvis einedptis, ein df gan jd qud sd mprd`dnjmn mntds y sd galdn dn fm hdhiram m fmroi pfmzi. Fm ndurieadneam dstí girhmjm pir vmrams jd jase jaseap apfa fanm nms s ea eadn dntè tègae gaems ms qu qud d ds dstu tuja jamn mn ei einl nlun untm tmhd hdnt ntd d df sast sastdh dhm m nd ndrv rvai aisi si (nduri (nd urimnm mnmtih tihèm, èm, ndu ndurig rigmrh mrhme meifi ifioèm oèm,, ndu ndurig rigasa asaifi ifioèm oèm,, ndu nduriq riquèh uèhaem aem)) y fms mpfaemeain mpfae meainds ds jd dsis jdse jdseubrah ubrahadnti adntis s m itrms írdms (djue (djuemeaõn meaõn,, hmrcd hmrcdtano, tano, psaeifioèm,

sieaifioèm…)

y sin ym hafds fms anvdstaomeainds qud vmn jdseubradnji dfdhdntis y gmetirds qud dntrmn dn ludoi pmrm gmvirdedr fm odndrmeaõn jd nudvms eindxainds dntrd ndurinms. [ir dldhpfi, sd `m jdseubadrti qud fms dhieainds jdf mfuhni sin un pafmr  gunjmhdntmf dn df einjaeainmhadnti jdf edrdbri. Df dstmji jd ínahi pudjd jdtdrhanmr ni sõfi eõhi sd mprdnjd sani eõhi sd msieam df fdnoumld, fm hdhiram i fm tihm jd jdeasainds, sdoün fm pdredpeaõn qud tdnèm df suldti jurmntd df priedsi jd fm mjquasaeaõn jd nudvis einieahadntis, pir fi qud ds rdeihdnjmbfd meihpmýmr fm dstrmtdoam djuemtavm jd unm dstrmtdoam iradntmjm m mpirtmr dhieainds pisatavms jurmntd df mprdnjazmld. Zijis `dhis einieaji dstujamntds qud drm hmfis dn dsti y budnis dn mqudffi, i fis qud san hitavmeaõn ni mprdnjèmn nmjm, pdri ein dffm sd supdrmbmn m sè

 

hashis. Df dntirni mpirtm emhbais m fm pdrsinmfajmj m fi fmroi jd fm vajm jd un mfuh mfuhni ni,, pi pirr fi qu qud d ni sd pu pudj djd d ds dstm tmnj njmr mraz azmr mr mf mf mfuh uhnm nmji ji san san hí hís. s. Ds Dstm tm hitavmeaõn ndedsatm pir un fmji dfahanmr dn fi pisabfd df strdss, pdrhatadnji mf mfuhni einedntrmrsd dn dxpdradneams huftasdnsiramfds, mtrmetavms, jd girhm qud df edrdbri rdeilm unm angirhmeaõn ein hís sdntajis msieamjis m fm hashm, y df mprdnjazmld sdm hue`i hís jurmjdri.  Mjdhís, `dhis jd dntdnjdr qud df mprdnjazmld trmnsgirhm df edrdbri, jínjifd mrhms pmrm sdr empmz jd sibrdvavar. Mf ganmf fm djuemeaõn ni ds hís qud unm gi girh rhm m jd rd rdgi girz rzmr mr fi qu qud d fm nm nmtu turm rmfd fdzm zm `m `d `de` e`i i jd jdsj sjd d sadh sadhpr prd, d, mp mpir irtm tmr  r  dxpdradneams pisatavms y ndomtavms qud eingirhmn nudstri hmpm jdf hunji, y fi qud sd jdbd `medr mntd jastantms satumeainds pmrm sdouar vavis y/i hdlirmr  nuds nu dstr trms ms ei einj njae aeai aind nds s jd va vajm jm.. [i [irr tm tmnt nti, i, mb mbun unjm jmrr dn fi fis s ds dstè tèhu hufi fis s mn mntd td ndedsajmjds bísaems myujmrí m rdgirzmr fms rdspudstms r dspudstms qud sd busem mpiymr dn fm djuemeaõn. [ir tmn tmnti, ti, hís mff mffí í jd uta utafaz fazmr mr fm dju djueme emeaõn aõn hdh hdhirè irèsta staeiei-rdp rdpdta dtatav tavm, m, ds mf dxpdr dx pdrahd ahdntm ntmrr y jdl jdlmrn mrnis is ahp ahprds rdsain ainmr mr pir fi jd jdseu seubad badrti rti eu eumnj mnji i rdm rdmfhd fhdntd ntd odndrmhis dxpdradneams djuemtavms qud pdrjurmn y trmnsgirhmn jdsjd jdntri. [ir itri fmji, sd `m jd tdndr dn eudntm qud fis `uhmnis sin sdrds sieamfds, y pir dffi, ni jdbdn mprdnjdr sifis. Fm antdrmeeaõn sieamf metavm ffdvmrí m qud eined ei nedpti ptis s eih eihi i dxp dxpfirm firmr, r, jdj jdjuea uear, r, anv anvdst dstaom aomr, r, dxp dxprds rdsmr, mr, jas jaseut eutar ar ajd ajdms, ms, sd einvadrtmn dn pmrtd jd fms mpirtmeainds djuemtavms jd fm ndurieadneam.  M navdf ndurifõoaei, fm ndurieadneam djuemtavm nis jaed qud fms dhieainds jd dxpdradn dxpdr adneam eams s dnr dnraqu aquded dedjir jirms ms ffdomn ffdomn m trm trmvás vás jd fis sdn sdntaj tajis is m fm eir eirtdz tdzm m edrdbrmf m trmvás jdf sastdhm fèhbaei, dn pmrtaeufmr fm mhèojmfm, qud sd metavm sibr si brd d tiji tiji orme ormeam ams s m fms fms si sirp rprd rdsm sms, s, mrrm mrrmao aomn mnji ji rd rdeu eudr drji jis s y od odnd ndrm rmnj nji i rdspudstms

qud

trmnsgirh rhm mn

ni

sõfi

fm

hdhira ram m,

san ani i

tmhbaán

df

eihpirtmhadnti, df emríetdr. Rihpdr fm hinitinèm sdrí efmvd, pir tmnti, dn fm fmbir jdf prigdsir, qud dvifueainm dn su rif tmnti eihi fms hmtdrams dn sè.

Fis Fi s mp mpir irtd tds s jd jdsj sjd d fms fms Nd Ndur urie iead adne neam ams s sin jd su suhm hm ah ahpi pirt rtmn mnea eam m pm pmrm rm eihp ei hprd rdnj njdr dr y bu buse semr mr hd hdli lirm rmrr fis fis prie prieds dsis is jd dn dnsd sdým ýmnz nzmm-mp mprd rdnj njaz azml mld. d.  Metumfhdntd sd rdeinied qud df rif jiedntd ds dsdneamf jdntri jdf priedsi

 

girhmtavi jd fis dstujamntds puds ni sd fahatm m unm hdrm trmnsgdrdneam jd einie ei nieaha ahadnt dntis, is, san sani i qud df pri prieds edsi i ant antdrm drmeta etavi vi mfu mfuhni hni-pr -prigd igdsir sir pri prijue jued d emhbai emh bais s m nav navdf df bai baifõo fõoaei aei,, ei eiona onatav tavi i y dhi dhieai eainmf nmf.. Q prd prdeas easmhd mhdntd ntd,, bml bmli i fms einj ei njae aeai aind nds s y ei eint ntdx dxti ti jd jdff hu hunj nji i ofib ofibmf mfaz azmj mji i me metu tumf mf,, sd rd rdqu quad adrd rdn n jd dstrmtdoams annivmjirms qud pdrhatmn antdneainmr jd hmndrm hís dgdetavm df mprdnjazmld jd fis djuemnjis jdspdrtmnji su antdrás y hitavmeaõn `meam df mprdnjazmld ein sdntaji y rdgfdxaõn. Dn dstd priedsi jd mprdnjazmld jdbdn dstmbfdedrsd pmutms qud pdrhatmn df jdsmrriffi antdormf jdf mfuhni. Jdntri jd dstms pmutms, ds ahpirtmntd hdlirmr y pitdneamr mspdetis bísaeis eihi df dstafi jajíetaei jd fm efmsd, df mhbadntd jd fm smfm jd efmsds -tmnti gèsaei eihi `uhmni-, pfmn jd dstujais, dstrmtdoams dvmf dv mfum umta tavm vms, s, fm ei eing ngao aour urme meaõ aõn n `i `irm rmra ram m jd fm fms s efms efmsds ds,, df hm hmtd tdra ramf mf ja jají jíet etae aei i dntrdomji -jaoatmf, trmjaeainmf-. Mjdhís, hmntdndr fm prdieupmeaõn pir df navdf jd metavajmj gèsaem, fis `íbatis jd mfahdntmeaõn, df sudýi, fms dhieainds jd fis mprdnjaeds eihi pmrtd jdf priedsi nmturmf pmrm mprdnjdr. Jdsmgèis qud fm djuemeaõn pfmntdm m fm ndurifioèm Ds pr prip ipai ai jd jdff sd sdrr `u `uhm hmni ni dx dxtd tdnj njdr dr df mf mfem emne ned d jd un há háti tiji ji i jd un priedjahadnti, jd unm `drrmhadntm i jd unm ajdm, hís mffí jd fis fèhatds medptmbfds. Msè sd odndrmn fis ‖rdjueeainashis‘ y fm nduridjuemeaõn ni ds, na sdr drí í, anhu anhun nd m dffi. ffi. Dxastd astd,, dn dgde dgdeti ti fm td tdnt ntme meaõ aõn n i gm gmnt ntms mshm hm jd jdff ‖nduri ‖nd urifio fioash ashi‘, i‘, ds jde jdear, ar, jd har harmr mr y jd dvm dvmfum fumrr tij tiji i df eih eihpfd pfdli li sas sastdh tdhm m djue dj uemt mtav avi i ün ünae aemh mhdn dntd td m tr trmv mvás ás jd fms fms nd ndur urie iead adne neam ams, s, fi qu qud d sd sdrè rèm m un jdspripõsati. Ds hís, unm nduridjuemeaõn badn dntdnjajm jdbd sdr einseadntd jd su sus s pr prip ipai ais s fè fèha hatd tds s y nu nune nem m pd pdja jarr m su sus s an anst stru ruhd hdnt ntis is hm hmtd tdra ramf mfds ds y einedptumfds hís jd fi qud pudjmn rdnjar. M dsti sd mordom df pdsi jd fm `ast `astir iram am jd fms fms ea eadn dne eams. ams. [i [irr rmzi rmzind nds s `a `ast stõr õrae aems ms fi fis s pr prah ahdr dris is mv mvmn mned eds s sustmn sus tmneam eamfds fds dn df dst dstuja ujai i jdf edr edrdbr dbri i `uh `uhmni mni `mn saj saji i odn odndrm drmjis jis dn df hunji jd fm pmtifioèm, jd fm fdsaõn edrdbrmf. Fm ibrm paindrm dn df saofi PAP jdf ndurõfioi [muf Briem sibrd fms mgmsams gud df iraodn jdf jdsmrriffi dspdetmeufmr  jd fm nduri-psaei-fanoöèstaem metumf. Df iraodn jd hue`ms anvdstaomeainds sibrd fms bmsds ndurinmfds jdf mprdnjazmld `uhmni dn odndrmf, y jd fm djuemeaõn dn pmrtaeufmr, privadnd, dn dgdeti, jd fis dstujais rdmfazmjis sibrd fis ‖trmstirnis‘ jdf mprdnjazmld, hís qud sibrd df mprdnjazmld ‖nirhmf‘. Dstm satumeaõn pudjd

 

ffdvmr m unm eadrtm jdgirhmeaõn prigdsainmf qud tadnjd m dnedrrmr fis dstujais jdf edrdbri dn fm dseudfm sõfi mf emhpi jd fms fdsainds i jdgaeadneams. [ir dsi eirrdhis df radsoi jd emdr dn fi qud pijrèmhis ffmhmr df ‖sdsoi jdf ndurõfioi‘ (t`d ndurifioast bams), ds jdear giemfazmr prdjihanmntdhdntd fm anvdstaomeaõn ndur nd urid idju juem emta tavm vm dn fis fis em emsi sis s ef efèn ènae aeis is hí hís s dv dvaj ajdn dntd tds s (m (mut utas ashi hi,, si sirj rjdr drm, m, edoudrm, jdsi edoudrm, jdsirjdn rjdn mtdne mtdneainmf ainmf,, `apdr `apdrmetav metavajmj, ajmj, jasfdxam, jase jasemfeuf mfeufam, am, dt.) y ni tihmr tih mr dn eu eudnt dntm m jdb jdbajm ajmhdn hdntd td df mpr mprdnj dnjazm azmld ld y fm ji jiedn edneam eam ni nirhm rhmfds fds.. Ds efmrèsahi qud df hunji jd fm nduridjuemeaõn ni sd fahatm mf jd fis trmstirnis ndurieionatavis na tijis fis mfuhnis sin pmeadntds. Brudr (2;;2) `m dserati dn dstd ds td ha hash shi i sd sdnt ntaj aji i eõ eõhi hi prdv prdvdn dnar ar df ‖d ‖drr rrir ir jd jdff pd pdja jamt mtrm rm‘‘ y eõ eõhi hi fi fis s ndurieadntègaeis pudjdn myujmr m fis djuemjirds (y m sè hashis).  Mf djuemjir, pir dldhpfi, fd antdrdsm antdrdsm ni sõfi supdrmr fis dseiffis dseiffis jd tiji irjdn qud qu d sd pr prds dsdn dntm tmn n dn df fmro fmroi i y jagè jagèea eaff mp mprd rdnj njaz azml mld d jd fm fd fdet etur urm, m, ji jinj njd d fm eifmbirmeaõn jdf ndurieadntègaei y jdf ndurõfioi ds rdfdvmntd, sani dnsdýmr m fddr badn y m fddr eisms budnms, jd vmfir. Jdbdhis rdeiniedr qud df ndurõfioi efènaei y df ndurieadntègaei dxpdrahdntmf, san dhbmroi, ni dstín ndedsmramhdn ndedsmramhdntd td dntrdnmji dntrd nmjis s pmrm ieupmrsd prigdsai prigdsainmfhd nmfhdntd ntd jd dsti dstis s tdhms tdhms,, munq munqud ud sdmn vdrjmjdris `uhmnastms dn sus vajms pravmjms. [ir dstm rmzõn jdbdhis girhmr  m fis nduridjuemjirds jdf guturi jd tmf hiji qud pudjmn ni sõfi rdspinjdr m fis rdq rdqudr udraha ahadnt dntis is jd fis jie jiednt dntds, ds, pm pmjrd jrds s y mfu mfuhni hnis, s, san sani i qu qud d pud pudjmn jmn pripindr nudvms girhms jd dstujamr y pdrgdeeainmr fis priedsis jd mprdnjazmld y jd dn dnsdý sdýmnz mnzm m dn tij tijms ms fms jas jaseap eapfan fanms ms jdf eu eurrèe rrèeufi ufi ds dseif eifmr. mr. Ds prd prdeas easi i gi girh rhmr mr,, dn ei eins nsde deud udne neam am,, un dq dqua uapi pi an antd tdrj rjas asea eapf pfan anmr mrai ai pm pmrm rm mp mpfae faemr mr fi fis s anstruhdntis jd fm nduridjuemeaõn dn dstd tapi jd tdhms qud ni sin ibldti eihün jd dstujai dn df `ispatmf i dn df fmbirmtirai, pdri qud sè antdrdsmn ¡y eõhi! mf vdrjmjdri djuemjir. Dstmhis eingamjis dn qud, ein df eirrdr jdf tadhpi, dstis dquapis `èbrajis dhpdzmrín m antdrmetumr dn tiji df hunji y mhpfamrín df rdpdrtirai jd tdhms djuemtavis jaonis jd dstujai. Jae`i jd itri hiji, nudstrm tmrdm urodntd ds fm jd girhmr nduridjuemjirds pmrm df saofi PPA...

 

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