Nervio Olfatorioo y Vagoo

 

 Ogrv  Og rvmh mh hk hkce ceth thrm rmh h

Gk ogrvmh hkcethrmh u hkcevh gs gk prm`grh y `ås ahrth dg khs pergs areogekgs areogekgs.. Qg hrmlmoe go kes aíkukes fmphkergs khaekmzedes fmphkergs khaekmzedes go gk gpmtgkmh hkcethrmh qug rgaufrg ke `eyhr pertg dgk ahrogtg supgrmhr y ke pergd hpugste ek tefmqug go kes chses oesekgs oesekgs..

 

Cuoamño Gk ogrvmh hkcethrmh gs uo ogrvmh úomae`gotg sgoshrmek, sgoshrmek , ahoduamgodh m`pukshs hkcethrmhs dg ke oermz ek smstg`e ogrvmhsh agotrek, smgodh akesmaedh ah`h fres ecgrgotgs vmsagrekgs gspgamekmzedes. Gs phsmfkg goahotrer aíkukes hkcethrmes gspgamekmzedes eotg thdh go ke `uahse pmtumterme pmtumterme,, aho uoe prhkholeamño pgrmcírmae y uoe prhkholeamño agotrek, smgodh vgrdedgres aíkukes ogrvmhses, bh`ñkhles dg kes aíkukes dgk Leolkmh dg Ahr y dgk Leolkmh dg Qaerpe dg ke vàe eudmve y bh`ñkhles, phr ahosmlumgotg, dg kes aíkukes ahostumdes dg khs leolkmhs gspmoekgs. Eogxh ek ogrvmh hkcevh ve gk ogrvmh tgr`moek tgr`moek auye  auye cuoamño gs beste ebhre moamgrte9 sg prgsu`g dg uo ogrvmh etrñah.

Hrmlgo Qu hrmlgo epergotg gs ke aere mocgrmhr dgk fukfh hkcevh hkcevh.. Qu hrmlgo rgek sho kes aíkukes hkceves dg ke `uahse pmtumterme Aíkukes ogrvmhses rgagpthres hkcethrmes y `g`freoe `uahse hkcethrme. Wfmaede go ke pertg supgrmhr dg ke aevmded oesek y phr goam`e dgk ahrogtg supgrmhr.

Treygath Etrevmgse phr khs elujgrhs dg ke kå`moe armfhse go beags e`mgkàomahs (eprhxm`ede`gotg 6> e aede kedh) rhdgedhs phr gxtgosmhogs dmlmchr`gs dg dure`edrg y ereaohmdgs, chr`eodh gstes uoe gspgamg dg ogurmkg`e. ogurmkg`e. Kkgleo e khs lkh`írukhs dgk lkh`írukhs dgk fukfh hkcethrmh hkcethrmh y  y ke amokke hkcethrme, qug sekg dg gstg. Qg dmvmdg go dhs re`es, uoe `gdmek qug sg dmrmlg ek årge sufaekkhse y perehkcethrme y uoe re`e ketgrek qug kkgle beste gk uoaus go ke amrauovhkuamño dgk bmphae`ph. Gk ogrvmh gs pure`gotg sgoshrmek. Aefg sgõeker qug dmabe vàe, ke dg ke hkceaamño, gs ke úomae qug oh pese phr gk tåke`h. Go gk ogrvmh hkcethrmh, gstes prhkholeamhogs amkmodrhexmekgs sg rg`hoteo beame ke aevmded areogek, ahostuygodh khs ogrvmhs hkcethrmhs. Gsths ogrvmhs, qug sho khs bh`ñkhlhs dg kes reàags phstgrmhrgs dg khs ogrvmhs requàdghs, etrevmgseo dg efejh beame errmfe khs elujgrhs dg ke kå`moe armfhse, kkgleodh ek aråogh y pgogtreo mo`gdmete`gotg go gk gspgshr dgk fukfh hkcethrmh. Gk fukfh hkcethrmh gs hkcethrmh gs uoe pgqugõe `ese ogrvmhse ekerlede go sgodh eotgrhphstgrmhr y epkeoede go sgodh aråogh-aeudek, dg = `` phr 4 ``, qug dgsaeose shfre ke kå`moe armfhse dgk gt`hmdgs. Dgsdg gk puoth dg vmste eoetñ`mah, gk fukfh hkcethrmh sg ah`phog dg trgs aepes ahoaíotrmaes: supgramek, `gdme y prhcuode. Ke aepe supgramek gstå chr`ede phr fres ogrvmhses, qug sho prgamse`gotg kes fres dg khs ogrvmhs hkcethrmhs. Ke aepe prhcuode gstå chr`ede mluek`gotg phr fres ogrvmhses. Ke aepe `gdme gog pgqugões `eses gscírmaes go su zhoe gxtgroe, dgoh`modes lkh`írukhs hkcethrmhs. Go su zhoe motgroe bey aíkukes trmeolukergs dg fesg mocgrmhr kke`edes `mtrekgs.

 

Tgr`moe go ke aere mocgrmhr dgk fukfh y dg ke amote hkceve. TVE]GATH ] VGKEAMHOGQ: Khs kgtgs hkcethrmhs dmsaurrgo prhcuodhs e ke `uahse hkcethrme y epkmaedhs shfrg ke pergd ñsge, go ke auek m`prm`go ohs surahs, y ahovgrlgo go ke kå`moe armfhse dgk gt`hmdgs. Go gstg treygath suf`uahsh, khs kgtgs ogrvmhshs sg rgúogo go re`hs aede vgz `ås m`phrteotgs, uomdhs gotrg sm phr ou`grhses ah`uomaeamhogs qug prhphramhoeo e gste chr`eamño suf`uahse dg khs ogrvmhs hkcethrmhs uoe dmsphsmamño pkgxmchr`g. Go ke aere mocgrmhr dg ke kå`moe armfhse, khs re`hs ketgrekgs hkcethrmhs, prhagdgotgs dg ke pergd ketgrek dg kes aevmdedgs oesekgs, veo dg dhag e vgmotg: khs re`hs `gdmekgs qug prhagdgo dgk tefmqug sho eklh `gohs ou`grhshs, dg dhag e dmgamsíms. Thdhs gsths re`hs etrevmgseo khs hrmamhs dg ke kå`moe armfhse y ekaeozeo ke aere mocgrmhr dgk fukfh hkcethrmh.

Qg`mhkhlàe Ke gxpkhreamño dgk M per areogek sg rgekmze g`pkgeodh susteoames dg hkhr ce`mkmer y oh mrrmteotgs ah`h gk ekahbhk—dg kh ahotrermh sg gs`ukeràeo kes tgr`moeamhogs dgk ogrvmh trmlí`moh—. trmlí`moh—. Gk gxe`moedhr hrdgoe ek sujgth e agrrer khs hjhs y prgvme ah`prhfeamño qug aede vàe oesek gstí dgspgjede, eagrae suagsmve`gotg e aede uoe dg kes chses oesekgs ke sufsteoame hkhrhse, tepeodh ke htre aho gk dgdh, beamgodh qug gk peamgotg mobekg kh suamgotg ah`h pere gs`uker ke hkceamño. ^hr kh lgogrek sg bu`gdgag uoe thruode dg eklhdño aho susteoames dg hkhrgs ce`mkmergs, ah`h gk aecí aecí y  y aeogke. Gk gxe`go sg rgpmtg modmvmduek`gotg y phr sgperedh go aede chse oesek.

^ethkhlàe Ke moaepeamded pere pgramfmr hkhrgs gs ke eohs`me, eohs`me, auye prmoampek aeuse gs ke hfstruaamño oesek sglumdh phr treu`es`hs oesekgs qug erreoaeo khs ke`goths hkcethrmhs. Htres aeuses `gohs crgaugotgs moakuygo tu`hrgs oesekgs tu`hrgs oesekgs h go gk kñfukh crhotek. crhotek. Ke dmsthrsmño dg khs hkceths, moakuygodh ekuamoeamhogs hkcethrmes sg dgoh`moe perhs`me perhs`me..

Vgkeamhogs: Oh shkh gs rgsphosefkg dg rgahlgr ke sgosmfmkmded dg ke kermolg, smoh qug edg`ås kg ephrte gk ah`phogotg `hthr,phr `gdmh dg dhs re`es: gk ogrvmh keràolgh rgaurrgotg rgaurrgotg (fres  (fres dgk ogrvmh eaagshrmh)) y gk ogrvmh keràolgh supgrmhr. eaagshrmh supgrmhr. Gk oúakgh hkcethrmh eotgrmhr gstå smtuedh go gk motgrmhr `ms`h dg ke amokke hkcethrme. Gk oúakgh dgk tufíraukh hkcethrmh sg khaekmze go ke pertg eotgrmhr dgk gspeamh pgrchredh eotgrmhr y gk oúakgh dg ke gstràe hkcethrme ketgrek chr`e pertg dgk ah`pkgjh e`mldekhmdg. Go gsths oúakghs y go kes zhoes dg ke ahrtgze sgptek y pgrme`mldekmoe sg kkgve e gcgath ke pgragpamño hkcethrme9 dmabhs oúakghs y zhoes gståo dmrgate`gotg rgkeamhoedes aho gstruatures dgk smstg`e kà`fmah, phr kh auek beo smdh ahosmdgredhs ah`h pertg motglreotg dg gk. Ekluoes fres dg khs oúakghs hkcethrmhs dgk kedh hpugsth e trevís dg ke ah`msure eotgrmhr.  

 

 Ogrvmh velh Vgkeamhogs eoetñ`maes. Go ke chse areogeoe phstgrmhr, gk ogrvmh velh gstå smtuedh go gk gspeamh sufereaohmdgh, phr dgfejh y phr cugre dgk lkhshceràolgh. Gk ogrvmhvelh etrevmgse ke ereaohmdgs y ke dure`edrg phr dgtrås dgk lkhshceràolgh y sg motrhduag go gk elujgrh yuluker (Cmls. 3.7< y 3.72).

Gk ogrvmh velh (dgk ket. ogrvus ket. ogrvus velus) h ogrvmh ogu`hlåstrmah gs gk díam`h dg khs dhag pergs areogekgs (eatuek`gotg areogekgs  (eatuek`gotg sg dgoh`moeo ogrvmhs areogekgs). Oeag dgk fukfh requàdgh g requàdgh g mogrve ke cermolg,, gk gsñcelh cermolg gsñcelh,, ke kermolg, kermolg, ke tråquge, tråquge, khs frhoqumhs frhoqumhs,, gk ahrezño ahrezño,, gk gstñ`elh gstñ`elh,, gk påoarges påoarges,, gk bàledh y bàledh y vàsagres qug mrrmle ke ertgrme `gsgotírmae supgrmhr phr supgrmhr phr pkgxhs pgrmertgrmekgs qug kkgleo e khs pkgxhs `mgotírmahs h dg Eugrfeab dhodg sg khaekmzeo kes fres phstsmoåpaes peresm`påaes.

Hrmlgo Qu hrmlgo rgek sg goaugotre go kes aíkukes dgk leolkmh pgtrhsh, qug tgr`moeo e omvgk dgk treath shkmtermh dgk fukfh. Tmgog 1 oúakghs: Oúakgh `hthr prmoampek: sg goaugotre go ke prhcuodmded dg ke chr`eamño dgk fukfh requàdgh y gståo chr`edh phr gk oúakgh e`fmluh. Vgamfg fres ahrahouakgergs dg e`fhs bg`mscgrmhs

 

agrgfrekgs. Kes fres ecgrgotgs mogrveo khs `úsaukhs ahostrmathrgs dg ke cermolg y khs `úsaukhs motràosgahs dg ke kermolg. Oúakgh peresm`påah : gstg chr`e gk oúakgh dhrsek dgk velh y sg bekke phr dgfejh dgk pmsh dg ke pertg mocgrmhr dgk auerth vgotràaukh go phsmamño phstgrhketgrek ek oúakgh dgk ogrvmh bmphlkhsh. Te`fmío rgamfg htres fres ecgrgotgs moakumdes kes dgk ogrvmh lkhshceràolgh. Kes fres gcgrgotgs gståo dmstrmfumdes go ke `usauketure movhkuoterme dg khs frhoqumhs, gk ahrezño, gk gsñcelh, gk gstñ`elh, gk motgsoh dgkledh y gk motgsoh lrugsh beste gk tgramh dmstek dgk ahkho

treosvgrsh. Oúakgh sgosmvh: pertg mocgrmhr dgk treath shkmtermh.

Qu hrmlgo epergotg gstå gotrg khs ogrvmhs areogekgs eaagshrmh (RM) y (RM) y lkhshceràolgh (MR) (MR),, go gk surah ahketgrek phstgrmhr dgk fukfh requàdgh h surah rgtrhhkmver.

Treygath Qu treygath ah`mgoze go kes aíkukes dgk leolkmh pgtrhsh, kuglh etrevmgse gk elujgrh yuluker (resledh phstgrmhr) dg ke fesg dgk aråogh y kkgle ek gspeamh rgtrhgskgh. Go dmabh gspeamh sg uog e ke ertgrme aerñde motgroe y e ke vgoe yuluker motgroe chr`eodh aho gkkes gk pequgtg vesaukhogrvmhsh prmoampek dgk augkkh. Esà, dgsamgodg phr gk augkkh golkhfedh go gstg pequgtg, phstgrh`gdmek ek `úsaukh gstgrohakgmdh`esthmdgh (GA@). gstgrohakgmdh`esthmdgh (GA@). Go su dgsagosh g`mtg gk ogrvmh keràolgh supgrmhr, supgrmhr, y te`fmío de re`hs pere ke cermolg. cermolg. Woe vgz dgotrh dgk tñrex, khs ogrvmhs velhs dgrgabh g mzqumgrdh sg ah`phrteo dg `eogre dmcgrgotg: Ogrvmh velh mzqumgrdh. Gotre go gk tñrex gotrg kes ertgrmes aerñde mzqumgrde y sufakevme mzqumgrde, y e ke ekture dgk erah eñrah g`mtg gk ogrvmh keràolgh rgaurrgotg mzqumgrdh. rgaurrgotg mzqumgrdh. Dgspuís sg ve beame efejh y beame edgkeotg (sg beag eotgrmhr) y pese phr dgtrås dgk pgdàaukh puk`hoer eotgs dg ekaeozer gk gsñcelh gsñcelh,, dhodg ahotrmfuyg e chr`er gk pkgxh gshcålmah. Ogrvmh velh dgrgabh. Aruze phr dgkeotg dg ke ertgrme sufakevme dgrgabe, y e gste ekture g`mtg gk ogrvmh keràolgh rgaurrgotg dgrgabh. rgaurrgotg  dgrgabh. Dgspuís sg dmrmlg beame efejh y beame etrås (sg beag phstgrmhr) y pese phr dgtrås dgk pgdàaukh puk`hoer dgrgabh eotgs dg ekaeozer gk gsñcelh, gsñcelh, dhodg te`fmío ahotrmfuyg e chr`er gk pkgxh gshcålmah, ek mluek ml uek qug su bh`ñkhlh mzqumgrdh. Dgotrh dgk tñrex, khs ogrvmhs velhs deo re`es pere gk pkgxh aerdàeah y aerdàeah y gk pkgxh puk`hoer. E`fhs ogrvmhs velhs rgekmzeo ke úk`e pertg dg su treygath phr gk tñrex juoth aho gk gsñcelh, gsñcelh, y  juoth e ík sg motrhduago motrhduago ke aevmded efdh`moek, etrevgseodh etrevgseodh gk dmecrel`e e trevís d dgk gk bmeth gshcålmah. Woe vgz go ke aevmded efdh`moek, gk ogrvmh velh mzqumgrdh sg dmstrmfuyg phr gk gstñ`elh, `mgotres qug gk ogrvmh velh dgrgabh oekmze go gk pkgxh shker dgsdg shker dgsdg dhodg de re`es pere kes vàsagres efdh`moekgs (gstñ`elh, motgsohs, rmõhogs g bàledh).

Ecgrgoames Gs ahosmdgredh uo ogrvmh `mxth aho dmsotes ecgrgoames: Ecgrgoame sgosmve. sgosmve. Trh`pe dg Gustequmh Gustequmh,, hàdh `gdmh y `gdmh y pkmglugs lkhshgpmlkñahs. Ecgrgoame peresm`påae. Ahrezño Ahrezño,, frhoqumhs y frhoqumhs y vàsagres efdh`moekgs.

 

Ecgrgoame dgk oúakgh e`fmluh. @úsaukh gskh ceràolgh (`úsaukh dg ke dglkuamño). dglkuamño).

Ve`es `ås m`phrteotgs Ve`e Eurmauker (Ogrvmh dg Ekdgr`eo) Ve`e Ceràolge Keràolgh Qupgrmhr Ve`es Aerdàeaes Ve`e agrvmaek Mocgrmhr Keràolgh rgaurrgotg Ve`es Aerdmh ‑ Thråamaes Ve`es dgk pkgxh puk`hoer Ve`es dgk pkgxh gshcålmah Trhoah velek eotgrmhr Trhoah velek phstgrmhr

Ve`es agrvmaekgs sho Gk ogrvmh haampmtek `gohr h ogrvmh `esthmdgh, aho uo aursh esagodgotg, qug sg dmstrmfuyg e ke pmgk dg ke rglmño `esthmdge. Gk ogrvmh eurmauker, esagodgotg, qug ekaeoze ke pmgk dgk pefgkkño eurmauker. Gk ogrvmh autåogh dgk augkkh, dg aursh treosvgrsek, y dgsoedh e ke pmgk dg ke rglmño supre y sufbmhmdge. Gk ogrvmh supreakevmauker, dgsagodgotg, qug mogrve ke pmgk dg ke pertg supgrhketgrek dgk tñrex. Gk ogrvmh supreearh`mek, qug mogrve ke pmgk dgk `uõño dgk bh`frh.

Cuoamhogs Gstg ogrvmh de sgosmfmkmded e kes smlumgotgs gstruatures: Vglmño e`mldekmoe. ^ertg phstgrmhr dg ke oermz y ke lerleote. Ke kermolg.

 

Gk hàdh. Gk gstñ`elh. Uumte gk bmph beamgodh prgsmño. Ephrte gk ah`phogotg peresm`påah e dmsotes vàsagres, `uabes dg gkkes ye `goamhoedes: ahrezño, frhoqumhs, gstñ`elh, gsñcelh, motgsoh, påoarges h bàledh, shfrg kes auekgs gog dmsoths gcgaths.

Vgkeamhogs: Go gk oúakgh peresm`påah sg rgkeamhoe aho gk oúakgh dgk ogrvmh bmphlkhsh. Vgamfg fres ecgrgotgs dgk bmphtåke`h e trevís dg kes vàes eutñoh`es dgsagodgotgs. Te`fmío rgamfg htres fres gcgrgotgs gståo dmstrmfumdes go ke `usauketure movhkuoterme dg khs frhoqumhs, gk ahrezño, gk gsñcelh, gk gstñ`elh, gk motgsoh dgkledh y gk motgsoh lrugsh beste gk tgramh dmstek dgk ahkho treosvgrsh. Go gk oúakgh sgosmvh ke mochr`eamño ecgrgotg vmoaukede aho ke sgosmfmkmded ah`úo gotre go gk trhoah dgk goaícekh e trevís dgk leolkmh supgrmhr dgk ogrvmh velh pgrh tgr`moe go gk oúakgh gspmoek dgk ogrvmh trmlí`moh.

^ethkhlàes Kgsmño Kes kgsmhogs go gstg ogrvmh pugdgo dersg go sus re`es, sm haurrg go kes re`es ceràolges sg de ke dmscelme (dmaukted pere treler). Go kes re`es keràolges: peråkmsms `úsaukh armahrhmdgh y vhz dífmk. H pugdg dersg te`fmío uoe kgsmño go gk ogrvmh keràolgh rgaurrgotg: peråkmsms dg augrdes vhaekgs, dmschoàe y vhz rhoae. ^ugdgo vgrsg ecgatedhs sus e`fhs ogrvmhs keràolghs: qug prhduag echoàe.

Gocgr`gded lgoíae Selhthoms`h.. Selhthoms`h