Nec Mock Test 2

March 11, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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L@B ONBD ]@R] 6 @LIHGRJ R ufe ufe`bt5 `bt5 ]go` khhntt`m5 ;:3 oglut`s (`xbhumgli tj` tgo` anr pkp`r mgstrgfutgnl) ]j`r` kr` ;6 pki`s gl tjgs pkp`r. Auhh lko`5 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Mkt`5

HGR]@LGLI5 ^^^^^/ 03 PR@ NA @LIHGRJ5 ^^^^^/ =3 V@KMGLI5 ^^^^^/ 03 YVG]GLI5 ^^^^^/ 13 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ]N]KH RBNV@5 ^^^^^/633

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

R@B]GNL K. HGR]@LGLI (03 pnglts) Hgld tn kumgn5 jttps5//fno.sn/qhup0x jttps5//fno.sn/qhup0x Skrt ;. Anr qu`stgnls ;-0, hgs t`l t`l tn pkrt pkrt na k l`ws r `pnrt kfnut kfnut k lkturkh lkturkh mgs mgs kst`r gl Q`lgb ` klm klm klsw`r tj`

qu`ss tgnls. Yrgt` LN ONV qu` ONV @ ]JK L ]YN YN V MR tkd`l tkd`l arno tj` r`bnrmgli anr `kbj `kbj kls kls w`r. w`r. ;. Gl kmmgtgnl tn p`nph`'s r`sgm`lb`s, wjkt w`r` mkoki`m fy tj` tjr`` r`bnrm-jgij tgm`s> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 6. @xb`pt anr tj` sgm`wkhds, wjkt pkrts na Rt. Okrd's Fksghgbk w`r` khsn snkd`m gl skhtwkt`r> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ 2. Yjkt kr` put f`tw``l tj` w`t fnnd pki`s tn kfsnrf tj` wkt`r> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ =. Yjkt mn`s tj` Ons`s prne`bt bnlstrubt tn jnhm fkbd tj` tgm`> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 0. Yjkt akbtnr f`sgm`s juokl glbkpkfghgty jks kbbnult`m anr tj` m`hkys gl tj` Ons`s prne`bt> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^

Skrt 6. Anr qu`stgnls 1-;3, hgst`l tn pkrt na k mgsbussgnl f`tw``l Rgonl, k ]Q brgtgb, klm @v`, k anro`r

r`khgty ]Q bnlt`s tk r`khgty tklt, lt, kfnut kfnut r`khgty r`khgty ]Q , klm m`bgm` m`bgm` wj`tj`r tj` anhhnwgli s tk tktò tò`lts `lts kr` ]ru` ]ru ` (]) nr A kh khss ` (A) kbbnrmgli tn wjkt wjkt ynu j`kr. j`kr. Hgst na stktò`lts 1. Yj`l r`khgty ]Q stkrt`m, Rgonl bnuhm lnt ulm`rstklm wjkt khh tj` auss wks kfnut. 9. Rgonl‗s nv`rkhh kttgtum` tnwkrms r`khgty ]Q gs bnltòpt anr ako`-s``dgli pkrtgbgpklts. :. @v` skys tjkt j`r `xp`rg`lb` na r`khgty ]Q wks r`khgstgb f`bkus` tj` `lvgrnlo`lt wks

`ltgr`hy lkturkh. 7. Yjkt Rgonl f`hg`v`s bnltrgfut`m onst tn tj` akhh gl pnpuhkrgty na r`khgty ]Q gs tjkt gt jks f``l sup`rs`m`m fy tj` Glt`rl`t. ;3. Fntj sp`kd`rs kir`` tjkt ako` bkl f` jkroauh tn bjghmr`l.

Ski` ; na ;6 pki`s

Wnur klsw`rs

Skrt 2. Anr qu`stgnls ;;-;0, hgst`l tn kl glt`rvg`w wgtj Rgonl` Hkbrngx, kl `xp`rt nl sdggli ska`ty klm

bjnns` tj` kls w`r w`r (K , F , B nr M) wjgbj agts f` f`ss t k kbbnrmgli bbnrmgli tn wjk wjktt ynu j`k j`kr. ;;. Yjy, kbbnrmgli tn Rgonl`, wks tjgs kvkhklbj` sn mkli`rnus> K. ]j` w`ktj`r wks qugt` wkro wj`l gt jkpp`l`m. F. K hnt na slnw a`hh qugbdhy nl k v`ry shgpp`ry surakb`. B. ]j` slnw wks hygli nl v`ry w`t irnulm.

M. ]j`r` wks v`ry j`kvy rkgl kat`r tj` slnw fìkl tn o`ht.

;6. ]j` survgvkh na khh tj` sdg`rs wks K. surprgsgli tn tj` glt`rvg`w`r fut lnt tn Rgonl`. F. pkrthy tj` r`suht na v`ry innm hubd. B. `ltgr`hy k r`suht na tj`gr qugbd r`kbtgnls. M. mu` tn tj`gr tkdgli khh tj` l`b`sskry ska`ty o`ksur`s. ;2. ]j` p`nph` furg`m fy tj` kvkhklbj` K. dl`w `xkbthy wj`r` tj`y w`r`.

F. us`m t`h`sbnpgb rnms gl tj` slnw.

B. bnuhm tkhd tn ntj`r furg`m sdg`rs.

M. s`lt sgilkhs klm r`b`gv`m o`sski`s.

;=. Yjn mn`s Rgonl` fhko` anr tj` kbbgm`lt> K. tj` sdg`rs B. tj` w`ktj`r anr`bkst`rs

F. tj` hnbkh iugm`s M. lnfnmy

;0. Rgonl` skys tjkt wj`l kl kvkhklbj` strgd`s, sdg`rs sjnuhm K. sdg mnwl tj` onultkglsgm` ks qugbdhy ks pnssgfh`. F. kvngm tj` kvkhklbj` fy ingli tn nl` sgm`. B. khwkys try tn d``p tj`gr sdgs nl. M. try tn r`kbj k hkd` nr k hkri` rgv`r. Skrt =. Anr qu`s tgnls ;1-60. hgs hgs t`l t`l tn k tkh tkhdd nl tj` jgs tnry na Glmgkl burry klm aghh gl tj` tj` ogs ogs s gli glanroktgnl. glanroktgnl.

Yrgt` LN ONV ONV @ ]JK L ]J V @ @ YNV MR tkd`l tkd`l arno tj` r`bnrmgli anr `kbj `kbj kls kls w`r w`r gl tj` s pk pkb` b` prnvgm`m prnvgm`m..

Jnw burry arno Glmgk bnlqu`r`m rgtkgl Burry gs tj` klihgbgz`m v`rsgnl na tj` ]kogh wnrm Dkrg, o`klgli k spgb`m skub` klm wks bnoonlhy us`m tn m`sbrgf` kly (;1) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ nrgiglktgli arno tj` Glmgkl sufbnltgl`lt. Khtjnuij tj` agrst (;9) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ na burry burr y wks gl ;07:, gt wks lnt ultgh o ogmgmtj ;: b`ltury tjkt tj` agrst dlnwl burry r`bgp` wks pufhgsj`m gl Frgtkgl. ]j` agrst Glmgkl r`stkurklt gl Frgtkgl, khf`gt (;:) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^, s`rv`m k wgm` rkli` na mgsj`s. Bjgbd`l burry, wjgbj us`m kl `hm`rhy anwh, tj`l `lt`r`m tj` (;7) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^. Kt tj` `krhy stki`, tj` Frgtgsj burry stubd tn Glmgkl spgb`s, fh`lmgli o`kty st`ws wgtj k vkrg`ty na glir`mg`lts fut, lnl`tj`h`ss, wgtjnut (63) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^. Gl tj` ;7tj b`ltury, jnw`v`r, tj` Frgtgsj burry stkrt`m tn mgstklb` arno tj` nrgiglkh r`bgp`, wgtj oklin f`gli r`phkb`m fy (6;) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ klm r`kmy-okm` spgb` ogx`m o gx`m wgtj (66) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^. Burry nlhy fnno`m kat`r tj` s`bnlm Ynrhm Ykr wj`l tj` (62) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ r`suht`m gl okss ogirktgnl tn Frgtkgl. Gl tj` ;793s, tj` mgsj wks fntj (6=) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^, j`lb` bkt`rgli tn tj` tkst`s na Frgtgsj p`nph`. Gl 633;, Frgtgsj Anr`gil R`br`tkry Vnfgl Bnnd (60) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ tjkt bjgbd`l tgddk okskhk, kl Glmgkl mgsj, wks k tru` Frgtgsj lktgnlkh mgsj.

Ski` 6 na ;6 pki`s

R@B]GNL F. PR@ NA @LIHGRJ (=3 pnglts) Skrt ;. Anr qu`s qu`s tgnls 61-=3, bjnns bjnns ` tj` tj` bnrr`bt k kls ls w`r w`r K , F , B , nr M tn `k `kbj na tj` anhh anhhnwgli nwgli qu`s qu`s tgnls. Yrg t` ynur klsw`rs gl tj` bnrr `spnlmgli `s pnlmgli luof`r`m luof`r`m fnx`s fnx`s prnv gm`m. 61. ]j` phkgltgaa rè`bt`m tj` o`kshy ^^^^^^^ klm m`bgm`m tn in tn bnurt. K. r`gofursò`lt F. bnlb`ssgnl B. s`tthò`lt M. bnop`lsktgnl 69. ]j`r` ^^^^^^^ tn jkv` f``l 13 brkt`s na nhgv`s gl tj` nrm`r, lnt 133! K. o`kl F. o`kls B. w`r` o`klt

M. wks o`klt

6:. Jgs tkh`lt o`klt j` bnuhm br`kt` wnlmrnus tjglis, fut jgs ^^^^^^^ o`klt j` jkrmhy `v`r a`ht hgd` wnrdgli. K. kmv`rsgty F. h`tjkriy B. gl`ptgtum` M. akghur` 67. Gl okly m`v`hnpgli lktgnls, tj`r` gs k ^^^^ na bnrruptgnl gl tj`gr inv`rlo`lts wjgbj tjr`kt`ls pnsgtgv` irnwtj. K. kspgrktgnl F. auhagho`lt B. pr`vkh`lb` 23. @v`ry tgo` G‗o s``l wgtj k ^^^^^^^ pnhgtgbgkl, gt mkoki`s oy r`putktgnl. K. frnd`l F. wkltgli B. brnnd`m

M. p`rs`v`rklb` M. onl`y`m

2;. ]j` agho sjnnt suaa`r`m k ^^^^^^^ wj`l k jurrgbkl` m`strny`m jkha tj` s`ts. K. pkyfkbd F. fkbdjklm`r   B. fkbdfnl`

M. s`tfkbd

26. Ar`sj aulms prnvgm`m tj` ^^^^^^^ anr tj` bnopkly tn i`t fkbd nl gts a``t. K. fhkbdokgh F. tgly okrigl B. frgf`ry

M. stgouhus

22. Jgs pkrtl`r hàt klm j` jkm tn ^^^^^^^ nl khnl`. K. snhmg`r   F. agijt`r

M. trnnp`r

B. wkrrgnr

2=. ]j` ir``my okl wnuhml‗t j`sgtkt` tn ^^^^ ^^^ ^ kwky jgs vkhu`m kss`ts ga j` tjnuijt gt w nuhm frgli jgo onr` onl`y. K. wki`r   F. f`t B. ikofh` M. stkd` 20. Kat`r tj` rkbgli kbbgm`lt, `v`rynl` wgsj`m tj` mrgv`r k ^^^^^^^ r`bnv`ry. K. slkppy F. jksty B. rnsy

M. sp``my

21. Ga G w`r` ynu G wnuhml‗t ^^^^^^^ ynur bjklb`s kt okdgli tjgs gl v`sto`lt wnrd. K. tjuop F. fksj B. brkbd

M. fhnw

29. Y` j`krm k(l) ^^^ na brnws bkwgli hnumhy gl tj` mgstklb`. K. ourm`r   F. jnrm` B. prgm`

M. sjgv`r

2:. Kat`r tj` m`vkstktgli hnss kt tj` Rprgli ]nurlko`lt, tj` t`ko tnnd sno` tgo` tn ^^^^^^^ up tj` pg`b`s klm

i`t fkbd gltn trkglgli. K. irkf

F. s`h`bt

B. bjnns`

M. pgbd

27. Jkvgli akgh`m twn bhkss`s, Irì m`bgm`m tn turl nv`r k l`w ^^^^^^^ klm stkrt stumygli jkrm`r. K. pki` F. h`ka   B. sj``t M. phkt` =3. Ga ynu ^^^^^^^ tjgs frghhgklt np pnrtulgty tn okd` k in na ynur hga`, G‗hh l`v`r anrigv` ynu. K. squkffh` F. squksj B. squklm`r   M. squkt Skrt 6. Anr qu`stgnls =;-03, wrgt` tj` tj` bnrr `bt anro na na `kbj `kbj wnrm g l bkpgtkh bkpgtkh gl tj` spkb` prnvgm`m.

RS@

G@R MGQ@VRG]W

Yjgh` p`nph` kr` i`l`rkhhy onst akoghgkr wgtj (=;) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ nriklgsos subj ks phklts klm klgokhs, tj`s` nriklgsos anro nlhy sokhh frklbj`s nl tj` tr`` na hga`. ]j` ir`kt`st o`tkfnhgb (=6) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ gs anulm konli tj` prndkryntgb nriklgsos na tj` @ufkbt`rgk klm Krbjk`k. Khtjnuij sno` na tj`s` ogbrnf`s us` nxyi`l anr r`spgrktgnl, nr (=2) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ hgd` phklts, ntj`rs jkv` tj` `xtrknrmglkry kfghgty tn m`rgv` `l`riy arno (==) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ bjògbkhs subj ks jymrni`l suhagm` nr koonlgk, klm ttj`y j`y us` bkrfnl mgnxgm` ks tj`gr nlhy snurb` na bkrfnl anr prnmubgli nriklgb onh`buh`s. Nriklgsos tjkt w` bnlsgm`r `xtrònpjgh`s bkl survgv` gl skturkt`m skht (=0) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ (21% bnopkr`m tn kpprnxgokt`hy 2% anr s`kwkt`r), nr gl (=1) ^^^^^^^^^^ wkt`r gl m``p-s`k v`lts klm i`ys`rs. F`bkus` p`nph` jkv` v`ltur`m tn khh pkrts na tj` ihnf`, nl` ogijt `xp`bt tjkt tj` l`w sp`bg`s f`gli mgsbnv`r`m `kbj y`kr wnuhm f` ogbrnsbnpgb nriklgsos tjkt bkl nlhy f` mgstgliugsj`m kt k (=9) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ h`v`h. Yjgh` gt gs tru` tjkt onst l`w sp`bg`s sp`bg`s gm`ltgag`m kr` gls`bts, ogbrnf`s klm (=:) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^, w` kr` stghh mgsbnv`rgli l`w v`rt`frkt`s subj

B@HH

ks kfkh``l wjkh` klm k (=7) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ h`npkrm. K bnls`rvktgnl bnls`r vktgnl anbus nl pr`s`rvgli pr`s `rvgli `bnsystòs lnt nlhy skv`s hkri` luof`rs na sp`bg`s (glbhumgli (03) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ sp`bg`s tjkt mn lnt r`b`gv` pufhgb suppnrt) fut khsn pr`s`rv`s tj` suppnrt systòs tjkt okgltkgl hga`.

BHNPM BJKVGROK

Ski` 2 na ;6 pki`s

MGQ@VR@

RWL]J@RGR NVIKL BNLB@L]VK]@

JN]

M@AGLG]GNL APLIKH

Skrt 2. A nr nr  qu`stgnls qu`stgnls 0;-10, aghh `kbj `kbj na tj` anhhnwgli anhhnwgli luof`r`m luof`r`m fhk fhklds wgtj NL@ s ugtkfh` ugtkfh` wnrm. Yr gt` ynur

klsw`rs gl tj` bnrr `spnlmgli luof`r`m luof`r`m s pk pkb` b` prnvgm`m. prnvgm`m.

Ousgbkh Igats Gl tj` `krhy ;7:3s, k ihgf kmv`rtgsgli bkopkgil (0;) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ tn kpp`kr fànr` `v`ry Bjrgstoks. Gt a`ktur`m k f`kutgauhhy wrkpp`m khfuo klm tj` shnikl "Igv` tj` Igat na Ousgb". ]j` gophgbktgnl (06) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ tjkt fuygli ynur arg`lms nr r`hktgnls k r`bnrm wks tj` nfvgnus klsw`r (02) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ tj` kllukh pr`s`lt-bjnnsgli mghòok. Fut ks klyfnmy (0=) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ jks sp`lt tj` w``ds up tn Bjrgstoks m`sp`rkt`hy (00) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ tn aktjno tj` ousgbkh prà`r`lb`s na k bnusgl nr sgst`r-gl-hkw (01) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ t`hh ynu, tjkt gs sgophy lnt tru`. Fuy sno`nl` tj` (09) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ khfuo, klm ynu bnuhm `lrgbj tj`gr hga`. Fuy sno`nl` tj` wrnli khfuo klm gt's jkrm lnt tn (0:) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ tj` hnnd na mgskppnglto`lt ks tj`y (07) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ tj` wrkppgli pkp`r. ]j`r` kr` twn ruh`s kfnut fuygli khfuos ks k Bjrgstoks pr`s`lt. Agrst, st``r (13) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ na tj` lnv`hty purbjks` klm s`bnlm, kvngm (1;) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ tnn mgaagbuht. Rubj khfuos wghh i`t phky`m twgb`, hkuij`m (16) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ nlb`, tj`l l`v`r tnubj`m (12) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Bjrgstoks gs kfnut `ksykbb`ss `lt`rtkglo`lt, lnt bjkhh`ligli krt. (1=) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ tjkl tjkt, gt's k oglàg`hm. ]j` trutj gs tjkt p`nph`'s (10) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ kr` p`rsnlkh klm ar`qu`lthy mgaagbuht tn iu`ss. R@B]GNL B. V@KMGLI (03 pnglts) Skrt ;. Anr qu`stgnls 11-90, 11-90, m`bgm` m`bgm` wjgbj kls kls w`r w`r (K , F , B nr M) f`s t agts agts `k `kbj bj i kp.

R]NVW ]J@ JNS@H@RR VNOKL]GB Kt agrst wj`l h trg`m tn (11) ^^^^^^^ k r`spnls` arno jgo, G int lntjgli. Snnr Sn nr Eàa jkm f``l glaktukt`m wgtj Okr Okrtjk tjk Jgiigls, tj` l`gijfnurs' ;:-y`kr-nhm mkuijt`r, anr tj` f`st pkrt na agv` y`krs lnw, `v`r sglb` j` jkm hkgm `y`s nl j`r sdgppgli irkbàuhhy up l`xt-mnnr's mrgv`wky wgtjnut k bkr` gl tj` wnrhm ks tj` Enl`s`s onv`m gl tn tj` tj`lvkbklt 29 Mnwls Vnkm. Fkbd tj`l, ks k tjgrt``l-y`kr- nhm j` jkm k akgrhy (19) ^^^^^^^ wky na `xpr`ssgli jgs a``hglis, nl` wjgbj h'o sur` Okrtjk wks lnl` tnn t nn kppr`bgktgv` na. Fut, fnys wghh f` fnys fn ys kt tjkt ki` ... k dgbd j`r`, k pglbj tj`r`, k jkgr-puhh, sno` lko`-bkhhgli... `v`ltukhhy, ks Eàa w`lt arno hgtth` fny tn jnronlkhhy-bjkri`m t``lki`r, j` fìkl tn r`khgs` tjkt jgs m`sgr` tn pusj, pnd` klm prnm Okrtjk wks trklsanrogli gltn sno`tjgli akr onr` trklshktkfh` klm oktur` - j` wks gl hnv`. Jgs stuffnrl m`lgkh na tjgs wks (1:) ^^^^^^^ kt tgo`s4 j` bnuhml't jgm` jgs a``hglis arno jgs fgi frntj`r - G dl`w j` wks sogtt`l. Fut ks tj` y`krs rnhh`m fy, Okrtjk Jgiigls f`bk f`bko` o` onr` klm onr` na kl `lgiok. Rj` jkm k (17) ^^^^^^^ anr tj` Krts klm gt wksl't hnli ultgh Eàa fy jkppy bnglbgm`lb` khsn m`v`hnp`m kl glsktgkfh` kpp`tgt` anr bhkssgb lnv`hs, pn`try, pkgltgli klm tj` hgd`. Klm tj` akbt tjkt j` s`hmno ga `v`r int onr` tjkl k (93) ^^^^^^^ ihklb` arno tj` nfe`bt na jgs kaa`btgnl mgm hgtth` tn mkop`l Eàa's spgrgts. Gt oky jkv` f``l rktj`r gli`lunus na jgo, fut j` jkm tjgs snrt na (9;) ^^^^^^^ lntgnl na akgry-tkh` `lmglis, klm j` f`hg`v`m tjkt ga j` prna`ss`m jgs ulmygli hnv` anr Okrtjk, sj` wnuhm akhh gltn jgs kros. Y`hh, gt wks k pkglauh fut p`rjkps l`b`sskry ròglm`r tjkt w` hgv` gl tj` r`kh wnrhm Eàa r`b`gv`m arno Okrtjk tjkt mky4 j` wks d`mnld`m akgrhy vgbgnushy nv`r tj` j`km wgtj k wnnm`l okhh`t fy k(l) (96) ^^^^^^^ Okrtjk ks j` pnur`m jgs j`krt nut tn j`r kt j`r arnlt mnnr - tj` pnnr igrh mgml't dlnw wjkt wks ingli nl. Lnw, kt hkst, j` wks eust kfnut f`bnogli r`spnlsgv` kikgl. Ks j` np`l`m jgs `y`s G sjnnd oy j`km gl tjkt dlnwgli 'G tnhm ynu sn' aksjgnl tjkt sn grrgtkt`s p`nph` wjn'v` eust f``l okm` k annh na. Eàa hnnd`m kfsnhut`hy mgstrkuijt ‒ hgd` jgs wjnh` wnrhm jkm tnpph`m gl nl jgo. ]j`l, (92) ^^^^^^^, tj`r` bko` k dlnbd nl tj` mnnr, klm wjn wks gt fut Okrtjk Jgiigls wgtj k(l) (9=) ^^^^^^^ na ahnw`rs klm k i`t-w`hh-snnl bkrm. ]j` sogh` wks fkbd nl Eàa's akb` kikgl klm tj` spkrd na tj` jnp`h`ss rnokltgb wks (90) ^^^^^^^ G bnuhm t`hh, `v`l ks j` skt tj`r` wgtj tjkt `lnronus, stupgm- hnndgli huop nl tj` sgm` na jgs j`km, tjkt j` wks phnttgli jgs l`xt onv`. Ga nlhy Okrtjk dl`w wjkt sj` wks gl anr! 11 K. `hgbgt F. ghhgbgt B. bnlb`gv` M. `vnhv` 19 K. buttgli-`mi` F. lnv`h B. rkr` M. akoghgkr 1: K. vgsgfh` F. akrbgbkh B. gli`lgnus M. gls`lsgtgv` 17 K. p`lbjklt F. hgd`l`ss B. hgd`lgli M. kaagroktgnl 93 K. bursnry F. tjnrnuij B. pkglstkdgli M. sup`ragbgkh 9; K. irkv` F. aklbgauh B. anrtugtnus M. arkld 96 92 9= 90

K. t`rrgagb K. nrmglkrghy K. arkirklb` K. r`dglmh`m

F. bnoanrt`m F. phkusgfhy F. vks` F. r`surr`bt`m

B. p`trgag`m B. gl`xphgbkfhy B. wr`ktj B. r`vkop`m

Ski` = na ;6 pki`s

M. pr`t`ltgnus M. pulbtghgnushy M. fnuqu`t M. r`susbgtkt`

Skrt 6. Anr qu`stgnls 91-::, r`km r`km tj` anhhnwgli anhhnwgli pk pkss s ki` klm mn tj` tj` tks tks ds tjkt tjkt anhhnw anhhnw..

Gt‗s ynur

bjngb` ‒ nr gs gt r`khhy>

Ks w` onv` arno tj` glmustrgkh ki` tn tj` glanroktgnl ki`, snbg`tkh mòklms nl nur o`ltkh bkpkfghgtg`s kr` ln h`ss tkxgli…

Y` kr` bnlstklthy r`qugr`m tn prnb`ss k wgm` rkli` na glanroktgnl tn okd` m`bgsgnls. Rno`tgo`s, tj`s` m`bgsgnls kr` trgvgkh, subj ks wjkt okrokhkm` tn fuy. Kt ntj`r tgo`s, tj` stkd`s kr` jgij`r, subj ks m`bgmgli wjgbj syoptnos tn r`pnrt tn tj` mnbtnr. Jnw`v`r, tj` akbt tjkt w` kr` kbbustno`m tn prnb`ssgli hkri` konults na glanroktgnl mn`s lnt o`kl tjkt w` kr` f`tt`r kt gt (Bjkfrgs & Rgonls, 6337). Nur s`lsnry klm bnilgtgv` systòs jkv` systòktgb wkys na akghgli akghgli na wjgbj w` kr` nat`l, p`rjkps fhgssauhhy, fhgssauhhy, ulkwkr`. Gokigl` tjkt ynu kr` tkdgli k wkhd gl ynur hnbkh bgty pkrd wj`l k tnurgst kpprnkbj`s ynu ksdgli anr mgr`btgnls. Murgli tj` bnlv`rsktgnl, twn o`l bkrrygli k mnnr pkss f`tw``l tj` twn na ynu. Ga tj` p`rsnl ksdgli anr mgr`btgnls jkm bjkli`m phkb`s wgtj nl` na tj` p`nph` bkrrygli tj` mnnr, wnuhm ynu lntgb`> V`s`krbj suii`sts tjkt ynu ogijt lnt. Jkrvkrm psybjnhnigsts Rgonls klm H`vg (;77:) bnlmubt`m k ag`hm stumy usgli tjgs `xkbt s`t-up klm anulm tjkt tj` bjkli` gl gm`ltgty w`lt ullntgb`m fy 9 (=1.1%) na tj` ;0 pkrtgbgpklts. ]jgs pj`lno`lnl jks f``l t`ro`m ‚bjkli` fhglml`ss‗ klm rà`rs

tn tj` mgaagbuhty tjkt nfs`rv`rs jkv` gl lntgbgli ln tgbgli bjkli`s tn vgsukh sb`l`s (`.i. tj` p`r p`rsnl snl swkp), wj`l tj` bjkli`s kr` kbbnopklg`m fy sno` ntj`r vgsukh mgsturfklb` (`.i. tj` pkssgli na tj` mnnr). Nv`r tj` pkst m`bkm`, tj` bjkli` fhglml`ss pj`lno`lnl jks f``l r`phgbkt`m okly tgo`s. @sp`bgkhhy lnt`wnrtjy gs kl `xp`rgo`lt fy Mkvg`s klm Jgl` (6339) wjn stumg`m wj`tj`r bjkli` fhglml`ss kaa`bts `y`wgtl`ss `y`wgtl` ss gm`ltgagbktgnl. Rp`bgagbkhhy, pkrtgbgpklts w`r` pr`s`lt`m wgtj k vgm`n `lkbto`lt na k furihkry. Gl tj` vgm`n, k okl `lt`r`m k jnus`, wkhdgli tjrnuij tj` mgaa`r`lt rnnos klm puttgli vkhukfh`s gltn k dlkpskbd. Jnw`v`r, tj` gm`ltgty na tj` furihkr bjkli`m kat`r tj` agrst jkha na tj` agho wjgh` tj` glgtgkh furihkr wks nut na sgijt. Nut na tj` :3 pkrtgbgpklts, =7 (1;%) mgm ln t lntgb` tj` bjkli` na tj` furihkr‗s gm`ltgty, suii`stgli tjkt bjkli` fhglml`ss oky jkv` s`rgnus gophgbktgnls anr brgoglkh prnb``mglis. ]n onst na us, gt s`òs fgzkrr` tjkt p`nph` bnuhm ogss subj nfvgnus bjkli`s wjgh` tj`y kr` pkygli kbtgv` ktt`ltgnl. Jnw`v`r, tn bktbj tjns` bjkli`s, ktt`ltgnl oust f` tkri`t`m tn tj` bjkligli a`ktur`. Gl tj` stumy m`sbrgf`m kfnv`, pkrtgbgpklts w`r` hgd`hy lnt tn jkv` j kv` f``l `xp`btgli tj` bjkli` tn jkpp`l, klm sn tj`gr ktt`ltgnl oky jkv` f``l anbus`m nl tj` vkhukfh`s tj` furihkr wks st`khgli, rktj`r tjkl tj` furihkr. Mrkwgli arno bjkli` fhglml`ss r`s`krbj, sbg`ltgsts jkv` bno` tn tj` bnlbhusgnl tjkt w` p`rb`gv` tj` wnrhm gl oubj h`ss m`tkgh tjkl pr`vgnushy tjnuijt (Enjklssnl, Jkhh, & Rgdstrno, 633:). Vktj`r tjkl onlgtnrgli khh na tj` vgsukh m`tkghs tjkt surrnulm us, w` s`ò tn anbus nur ktt`ltgnl nlhy nl tjns` a`ktur`s tjkt kr` burr`lthy o`klgliauh nr gopnrtklt, gilnrgli tjns` tjkt kr` grr`h`vklt tn nur burr`lt l``ms klm inkhs. ]jus kt kly igv`l tgo`, nur r`pr`s`ltktgnl na tj` wnrhm surrnulmgli us gs brum` klm glbnoph`t`, okdgli gt pnssgfh` anr bjkli`s nr oklgpuhktgnls tn in ulm`t`bt`m (Bjkfrgs & Rgonls, 63;3). Igv`l tj` mgaagbuhty p`nph` jkv` gl lntgbgli bjkli`s tn vgsukh stgouhg, nl` oky wnlm`r wjkt wnuhm jkpp`l ga tj`s` bjkli`s bnlb`rl`m tj` m`bgsgnls p`nph` okd`. ]n `xkogl` bjngb` klm bnhh`kiu`s (63;3) glvgt`m sup`rokrd`t bustno`rs tn skoph` twn mgaa`r`lt dglms na ekos klmfhglml`ss, t`ks. Kat`rJkhh pkrtgbgpklts jkm tkst`m nr so`hh`m fntj skoph`s, tj`y glmgbkt`m wjgbj nl` tj`y prà`rr`m. Rufs`qu`lthy, tj`y w`r` purpnrt`mhy igv`l klntj`r skoph` na tj`gr prà`rr`m bjngb`. Nl jkha na tj` trgkhs, jnw`v`r, tj`s` w`r` skoph`s na tj` lnl-bjns`l eko nr t`k. Ks `xp`bt`m, nlhy kfnut nl`-tjgrm na tj` pkrtgbgpklts m`t`bt`m tjgs oklgpuhktgnl. Fks`m nl tj`s` aglmglis, Jkhh klm bnhh`kiu`s prnpns`m tjkt bjngb` fhglml`ss gs k pj`lno`lnl tjkt nbburs lnt nlhy anr bjngb`s glvnhvgli vgsukh okt`rgkh fut khsn anr bjngb`s glvnhvgli iustktnry klm nhakbtnry glanroktgnl. V`b`lthy, tj` pj`lno`lnl jks khsn f``l r`phgbkt`m anr bjngb`s glvnhvgli kumgtnry stgouhg (Rku`rhklm, Rkiklk, & Ntikkr, 63;6). Rp`bgagbkhhy, pkrtgbgpklts jkm tn hgst`l tn tjr`` pkgrs na vngb`s klm m`bgm` anr `kbj pkgr wjgbj vngb` tj`y anulm onr` syopktj`tgb nr onr` brgoglkh. brgo glkh. ]j` vngb` wks tj`l pr`s`lt`m kikgl4 jnw`v`r, tj` nutbno` wks oklgpuhkt`m anr tj` s`bnlm vngb` pkgr, klm pkrtgbgpklts w`r` pr`s`lt`m wgtj tj` lnl-bjns`l vngb`. V`phgbktgli tj` aglmglis fy Jkhh klm bnhh`kiu`s, nlhy 67% na tj` pkrtgbgpklts m`t`bt`m tjgs bjkli`. O`rbd`hfkbj, E`hgbgb, klm Sg`t`rs (63;;) glv`stgikt`m bjngb` fhglml`ss anr glt`lsgty rktglis na nl`‗s nwl psybjnhnigbkh syoptnos. ]j`gr pkrtgbgpklts jkm tn rkt` tj` ar`qu`lby wgtj wjgbj tj`y `xp`rg`lb`m 73 bnoonl syoptnos (`.i. klxg`ty, hkbd na bnlb`ltrktgnl, str`ss, j`kmkbj`s, `tb.) nl k 0-pnglt sbkh`. Srgnr tn k anhhnw-up glt`rvg`w, tj` r`s`krbj`rs glahkt`m rktglis anr twn syoptnos fy twn pnglts. Anr `xkoph`, wj`l pkrtgbgpklts jkm rkt`m tj`gr a``hglis na sjyl`ss, ks 6 (g.`. nbbksgnlkhhy), gt wks bjkli`m tn = (g.`. khh tj` tgo`). ]jgs tgo`, onr` tjkl jkha (09%) na tj` 6: pkrtgbgpklts w`r` fhglm f hglm tn tj` syoptno rktgli `sbkhktgnl klm kbb`pt`m gt ks tj`gr nwl syoptno Ski` 0 na ;6 pki`s

glt`lsgty rktgli. ]jgs mònlstrkt`s tjkt fhglml`ss gs lnt hgogt`m tn r`b`lt prà`r`lb` prà `r`lb` s`h`btgnls, fut bkl khsn nbbur anr glt`lsgty klm ar`qu`lby. ]ni`tj`r, tj`s` stumg`s suii`st tjkt bjngb` fhglml`ss bkl nbbur gl k wgm` vkrg`ty na sgtuktgnls klm bkl jkv` s`rgnus gophgbktgnls anr o`mgbkh klm eumgbgkh nutbno`s. Autur` r`s`krbj gs l``m`m tn m`t`rogl` jnw, gl tjns` sgtuktgnls, bjngb` fhglml`ss bkl f` kvngm`m.

Anr qu`s tgnls 91-:3, 91-:3, m`bgm` wj`tj`r wj`tj`r tj` tj` anhhnw anhhnwgli gli s tkt` tktò` o`lts lts kr` W`s (W ), Ln (L) , nr Lnt Igv`l Ig v`l (LI ). Yrg t` ynurr kls w`rs gl tj` luof`r`m ynu luof`r `m fnx`s prnvg prn vgm`m. m`m. Wnur klsw`rs

Hgst na stktò`lts

Mnbtnrs okd` m`bgsgnls kbbnrmgli tn tj` syoptnos tjkt k pktg`lt m`sbrgf`s.

91

Nur kfghgty tn m`kh wgtj k hnt na glput okt`rgkh jks goprnv`m nv`r tgo`.

99

Y` t`lm tn dlnw wj`l w` jkv` okm` kl `rrnr na eumio`lt.

9:

fhglml`ss. K hìkh trgkh bnuhm f` sgilgagbklthy kaa`bt`m fy bjkli` fhglml`ss.

97

surrnulmglis. :3 Rbg`ltgsts jkv` bnlbhum`m tjkt w` try tn tkd` gl ks oubj m`tkgh ks pnssgfh` arno nur surrnulmglis.

` tj` tj` tkf tkfh` h` f`h f`hnw. nw. Bjnns B jnns ` LN ONV @ ]JK L ]Y N YNV MR arno tj` t` t`xt xt anr Anr qu`stgnls :;-:=, :;-:=, bnoph`t bnoph`t` `kbj `k bj kls w`r ). Yrg Y rg t` ynur ynu r kls w`rs gl tj` bnrr bn rr `s pnlmg li s pkb` prnvg m`m.

@xp`rgo`lts gl bjkli` fhglml`ss Anbus na

S`rb`ltki`

pkrtgbgpklts‗

ulkwkr` na

ktt`ltgnl

gm`ltgty bjkli`

Rgtuktgnl anr V`s`krbj`rs

Surpns` na `xp`rgo`lt pkrtgbgpklts

]n ghhustrkt` bjkli` Igvgli Rgonl & H`vg,

fhglml`ss bkus`m fy k

]j` onvò`lt na (:6) ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^

;77:

(:;) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^

=1.1% (:2)  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^

tn k strkli`r subj ks kl nfe`bt ]n kss`ss tj` gopkbt na Mkvg`s & Jgl`,

bjkli` fhglml`ss nl

Yktbjgli k

]j` bnhh`btgnl na 1;%

6339

(:=) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^

furihkry

vkhukfh`s   vkhukfh`s

fy `y`wgtl`ss`s

Anr qu`stgnls :0-:1, :0-:1, bjnns ` ]YN h`tt` h`tt`rs rs , K -@ . Yjg bj ]YN s tk tkt` tò` o`lts lts kr` tru` anr anr fntj tj` tj` sup`rokrd`t klm vngb` `xp`rgo`lt `xp`rgo`ltss > K. ]j` r`s`krbj`rs anbus`m nl lnl-vgsukh okt`rgkh. F. ]j` pkrtgbgpklts w`r` ksd`m tn `xphkgl tj`gr prà`r`lb`s. B. Rno` na tj` bjngb`s okm` fy pkrtgbgpklts w`r` kht`r`m. M. ]j` pkrtgbgpklts w`r` glahu`lb`m fy `kbj ntj`r‗s bjngb`s. bjngb`s. @. S`rb`ltki` r`suhts w`r` surprgsglihy hnw.

Anr qu`stgnls :9-::, bjnns` ]YN h`tt`rs, K-@. Yjgbj ]YN stktò`lts kr` tru` anr tj` psybjnhniy `xp`rgo`lt `xp`rgo` lt bnlmubt`m bnlmubt`m fy O`rbd O`rbd `h `hfk fkbj, bj, E `h `hgbg gbg b, klm Sg `t `t`rs `rs > Ski` 1 na ;6 pki`s

K. ]j` pkrtgbgpklts jkm tn s`h`bt tj`gr twn onst bnoonl syoptnos. F. ]j` pkrtgbgpklts ikv` `kbj syoptno k ;-0 rktgli. B. Rjyl`ss prnv`m tn f` tj` onst jgijhy rkt`m syoptno. M. ]j` pkrtgbgpklts bjkli`m tj`gr oglms kfnut sno` na tj`gr rktglis. @. ]j` r`s`krbj`rs anbus`m nl tj` str`litj klm rìuhkrgty na syoptnos. Skrt 2. Gl tj` pksski` f`hnw, s`v`l pkrkirkpjs jkv` f``l rònv`m. Anr qu`stgnls :7-70, r`km tj`

pks s ki ` klm bjnns pkss bj nns ` arno ar no tj` tj` pkrki pkrki rkpjs K -J tj` nl` wjg bj agts ag ts `kbj i kp. ]j`r` gs NL @ `xtr `xtrk k pkrki rkpj wjgbj ynu mn lnt l``m l``m tn us`. Yrg t` ynur klsw`rs kls w`rs gl tj` bnrr`spnlmgli bnrr`s pnlmgli luof`r`m luof`r`m fnx`s fnx`s prnvgm`m.

]J@ S@VGHR NA SGUU

O DGLI

Oy agrst pgzzk wks bròkt`m. G jkml‗t `v`l in t tn tj` tnppglis, h`t khnl` tj` tnssgli stki`. G wks stubd nl tj` rnhhgli-nut fgt. G akst mgsbnv`r`m tjkt sp`bgkhgst pgzzk bjàs ‒ pgzzkgnhg ‒ mnl‗t us` rnhhgli pgls, tj`y us` tj`gr jklms tn sjkp` tj` mnuij gltn p`ra`bt bgrbh`s. Arklb`sbn Rkrrgtzu, tj` pg zzkgnhn kt ]j` Skrd r`stkurklt gl [u``l‗s Skrd, Hnlmnl, wj`r` G w`lt tn f` trkgl`` anr tj` `v`lgli, tnnd nl` hnnd kt oy snrry àanrt klm sgij`m. :7

V`kh, nr nrgiglkh, pgzzk gs kl krt5 tj` pgzzkgnhn gs fkd`r, agr` stnd`r klm bnnd. K wnnmfurlgli nv`l gs kl `ss`ltgkh pkrt na tj` prnb``mglis. Jnw`v`r, fànr` tj` pgzzks i`t tn tj` agr`, tj`y jkv` tn f` prnp`rhy sjkp`m klm gt wks tjgs prnb`mur` tjkt wks bkusgli o` khh tj` irgà. 73

Arno j`r` gt wks khh jklms. J` pr`ss`m nut tj` mnuij wgtj jgs agli`rs, khh tj` tgo` wnrdgli gl ahnur klm pr`ssgli tj` `mi`s nut ultgh k sokhh rnulm bgrbh` jkm ò`ri`m. J` tj`l tjr`w gt gltn jgs jklms, twgrhgli gt tn sjkd` naa tj` `xb`ss ahnur. J` mgm lnt tnss gt gl tj` kgr. ‚]nssgli gs anr sjnw,‗ j` skgm mgsmkglauhhy. ‚Gt gs lnt l`b`sskry.‗ Nlb` tj`

ahnur wks sjkd`l naa, j` put tj` mnuij nltn tj` st``h wnrd surakb` wgtj nl` jkha na gt jkligli nv`r tj` `mi`. Nl` jklm pr`ss`m klm str`tbj`m klm tj` ntj`r puhh`m gl tj` nppnsgt` mgr`btgnl. Fànr` ynu bnuhm sky ‚pgzzk Okrij`rgtk‗

tj`r` wks k p`ra`bt bgrbh` r`kmy tn f` tnpp`m. 7;

]j` nfe`bt gs tn pr`ss nut tj` `mi`s, lnt tj` b`ltr`, usgli tj` ahnur tn mry nut tj` stgbdgl`ss. Jnw`v`r, tj` tòptktgnl tn pr`ss `v`rytjgli gl sgijt tn okd` gt str`tbj gltn k bgrbuhkr sjkp` s jkp` gs tnn strnli4 fànr` G dl`w gt, G jkm tjgbd `mi`s klm k tjgl b`ltr`. 76 lntgb`m, oy jnrrnr, tjkt wjn sno`j` bustno`rs w`r` o kd` tj` pgzzk>‗ k]j`l okl Gksd`m jgs tn ynuli mkuijt`r, wks jnhmgli gl wktbjgli jgs kros. o`. ‚Rjkhh w` wktbj tj` okl okd` 72

K jnh` kpp`kr `m `m gl tj` b`ltr`. ‚Hnnd, Mkmmy. ]j`r`‗s k jnh`,‗ tj` hgtth` igrh skgm. G hnnd`m up arno oy wnrd, br`stakhh`l. G wks mà`kt`m. ‚Gt‗s oy agrst `v`lgli,‗ G kmogtt`m. Arklb`sbn st`pp`m gl wgtj tj` pkmmh` klm oy o y s`bnlm

pgzzk w`lt wj`r` tj` agrst nl` jkm inl`5 nl tj` agr`. Y` khh wktbj`m gt in up gl ahko`s. 7= Arklb`sbn lntgb`m klm kpphkum`m. G w`lt tn bkhh bk hh klm fkbd tj` hgtth` igrh klm t`hh j j`r5 `r5 ‚G bkl mn gt! Gt‗s hgd` hgd ` swgoogli!‗ Oy fks` wks lnt p`ra`bthy rnulm fut gt wks lnt fkm. Gt wksl‗t p`ra`bthy `v`l fut gt wks b`rtkglhy kl goprnvò`lt.

Y` m`bgm`m tn tnp gt. Y` put nl k tjgl so`kr na tnoktn skub` klm sno` onzzkr`hhk. 70

Yj`l G int tj`r`, Arklb`sbn sjnw`m o` j`r` tn put gt. ]j`r` wks k pnglt gl tj` m``p nv`l kwky arno tj` agr`, wj`r` tj` pgzzks in wj`l tj`y kr` agrst put gltn tj` nv`l. G put tj` hnli jklmh` m``p gltn tj` nv`l klm, a``hgli tj` j`kt nl oy kros, frnuijt gt fkbd sjkrphy. ]j` pgzzk shgm nltn tj` ahnnr na tj` nv`l. Oy agrst pgzzk wks gl tj` nv`l klm lnt f`gli furlt khgv`. Ski` 9 na ;6 pki`s

]j` ogs ogs s gli pk pkrk rkii rkpj rkpjss 5 K. ]n put tjns` tjglis rgijt, G mgm ks Arklb`sbn jkm

@. Bh`krhy, tj` stki` wks khh ogl`. G jkm f``l tnhm

mnl` klm shkpp`m gt wgtj tj` pkho na oy jklm. ]jgs okm` o` a``h f`tt`r klm G shkpp`m gt kikgl. L`xt, G mgm sno` twgrhgli klm tj` ahnur sjnw`r`m `v`rywj`r`. F. Glst`km, Arklb`sbn qugbdhy okm` nl` na jgs nwl tn kbt ks k bnopkrgsnl. Yj`l tj`y w`r` mnl` klm frnuijt arno tj` nv`l, w` jkm k tkstgli. ]j` r`suht

tn bnlb`ltrkt` nl tj` `mi`s usgli tj` ahkt `mi` na oy jklm ulm`r oy hgtth` agli`r. G stkrt`m tn wnrd tj` mnuij klm trg`m tn str`tbj gt. Gt mgm fìgl tn tkd` sjkp`, fut ks snnl G h`t h `t gt in gt eust w`lt fkbd

wks kstnlgsjgli. wks klm brulbjy gl phkb`s, lnt fkm glOgl` ntj`rs. Jgstnuij wks p`ra`bthy brgsphy klm snat `v`rywj`r`. B. Jkvgli mnl` tjkt, gt wks tgo` tn i`t gt nl tn tj` pkmmh`, wjgbj a`ht hgd` k pnh` vkuht. Ygtj nl` m`t`rogl`m sjnv`, tj` pgzzk w`lt nl jkhawky. Klntj`r sjnv` anrwkrm int gt nl bnoph`t`hy fut put kl uihy fubdh` gl gt. G turl`m klm j`km`m anr tj` nv`l. M. Arklb`sbn okm` gt hnnd `ksy. J` sjnw`m wjkt tn mn kikgl klm G trg`m tn tkd` gt gl. ]j` bjghh`m mnuij fkhhs, pr`-w`gij`m kt ;93i, w`r` khh r`kmy gl k sp`bgkh argmi` f`hnw tj` wnrd bnult`r. ]j` mnuij wks stgbdy klm Arklb`sbn wnrd`m akst. Agrst gt wks mrnpp`m gltn k hkri` pgh` na ahnur klm tj`l gt wks ogx`m wgtj k sokhh jklmauh na pnh`ltk.

kikgl klm mgml‗t i`t kly fgii`r. G a`ht onr` klm

onr` `y`s nl o`. ]j`l tj` wnrst tjgli jkpp`l`m. A. ]jkt wks okp f`bkus` gt wksl‗t oubj Arklb`sbn k bgrbh` ks kl `krhy na tj` wnrhm. sn Rgh`lthy,

r`kbj`m anr jgs pgzzk pkmmh`, sbnnp`m gt up klm tjr`w gt mgsmkglauhhy gltn tj` r`m-jnt stnl` nv`l, wj`r` gt furlt rkpgmhy nl tnp na k aul`rkh pyr` na furlgli wnnm. G okm` up oy oglm tjkt oy autur` àanrts wnuhm f` innm `lnuij tn f` spkr`m tj` m`ktj s`lt`lb`. I. G wks fkaah`m klm òfkrrkss`m ks gt mgm sn, fut G tjnuijt G wks nltn sno`tjgli. Nl oy l`xt kttòpt, G qugbdhy int tn tj` sjkpgli stki` wgtj jkha tj` pgzzk jkligli nv`r tj` `mi`. ]jgs wks wj`r` G jkm inl` wrnli. Psgli nlhy tj` fnttno `mi` na oy jklms wgtj oy agli`rs wnrdgli tj` `mi`s, G stkrt`m tn mn tj` fr`kst strnd`5 agli`rs tni`tj`r, agli`rs kpkrt, wnrdgli klm str`tbjgli. Gt fìkl tn wnrd. J. G onv`m l`rvnushy gltn pnsgtgnl tn jkv` k in kt kbjg`vgli tj` sko` r`suht oys`ha. G sbnnp`m up k pg`b` na mnuij arno gts slui trky. Gt goo`mgkt`hy stubd tn oy agli`rs klm wj`l G tjr`w gt kt tj` ahnur, gt eust ròkgl`m stubd. G jkm tn puhh gt naa. ]j` agrst fgt gs `ksy, nr sn gt s`òs, fut ulh`ss ynu anhhnw tj` rgijt prnb`mur` ynu snw tj` s``ms na hkt`r akghur`.

Skrt =. Anr qu`stgnls 71-;30, 71-;30, r`k r`km tj` tj` anhhn anhhnwgli wgli pk pkss s ki ` klm klm bjnns` tj` kls kls w`r w`r K , F , B nr M wjgbj ynu

tjgld agts ag ts f`st f`s t kbbnrmg kbbnrmgli li tn tj` tj` tt`xt. `xt.

NGH KIKGLR] BKVGFNP…

]j`y jgd`m nv`r onultkgls klm bkln`m khnli brksjgli Krbtgb Krb tgb rgv`rs. ]j`y w`r` iugm`m fy k sul tjkt s`t anr n nlhy lhy kl jnur k lgijt klm frkb`m fy ar``zgli wglms. TK_ Yj`l tj`y aglkhhy okm` gt tn tj` hni bkfgls na Krbtgb Qghhki` nl Argmky, tj`gr brg`s na eny klm tj`gr mklbgli klm sgligli anr k ono`lt mrnwl`m nut tj` m``p a`kr tjkt mrnv` tjò nl tj`gr nmyss`y. TF_ ]j` ;33,333-strnli Iwgbj‗gl trgf`‗s ‚oghh`llguo tr`d‗ wks k m`sp`rkt` ph`k anr survgvkh. Nl` na tj` hkst trgf`s na lktgv` Ko`rgbkls tn hgv` fy sufsgst`lb`, tj`y a`kr tjkt tj`y ‒ klm tj` bkrgfnu nl wjgbj tj`y m`p`lm ‒ kr` kfnut tn hns` k 60-y`kr fktth` tjkt bnuhm `lm gl nl` hkst Dhnlmgd`-hgd` sbrkofh` anr ngh. TB_ Gt gs k fktth` tjkt jks pgtbj`m Khksdk kikglst tj` r`st na Ko`rgbk klm tj` Glmgkls klm `lvgrnlo`ltkhgsts kikglst Frgtkgl‗s fgii`st ngh bnopkly. TM_

]j` ki`-nhm bnlahgbt f`tw``l m`v`hnpo`lt klm `lvgrnlo`lt jks lnwj`r` f``l sn stkrd ks gl tjgs arkigh` bnrl`r na tj` wnrhm. Lnwj`r` kr` okl‗s tjgrst anr ngh ‒ klm tj` àa`bts na ihnfkh wkrogli ‒ jkvgli subj kl gopkbt. ]j` rònt` Iwgbj‗gl bnooulgty na Krbtgb Qghhki`, ;33 ogh`s lnrtj na tj` Krbtgb Bgrbh` klm wgtj ln kbb`ss fy rnkm, l`sth`s kikglst tj` snutj`rl `mi` na tj` vkst Krbtgb Lktgnlkh Yghmhga` Vàui`. ]j` ràui` rà ui` gs tj` hkst tru` wghm`rl`ss gl Lnrtj Ko`rgbk, sn kfulmklt gl wghmhga` gt jks f``l muff`m Ko`rgbk‗s R`r`li`tg. J`r` kr` 63 oghhgnl kbr`s na

snkrgli slnw-bkpp`m onultkgls, okrsjy bnkstkh phkgls, Krbtgb tulmrk klm anr`sts na stult`m tr``s, wgtj ln sgils na okl5 ln rnkms lnr bkr pkrds, ln vgsgtnr b`ltr`s lnr jgdgli trkghs. Gl tj` sjnrt suoo`rs tj` tulmrk `xphnm`s gltn vgfrklt vgfrk lt r`ms klm y`hhnws. Gl wglt`r gt gs sontj`r`m gl slnw. Qgsgtnrs tkhd kfnut k prgokh hklmsbkp` tjkt tkd`s tjò fkbd tn k tgo` fànr` okl, fut tn tj` `lvgrnlo`ltkhgsts klm tj` Ski` : na ;6 pki`s

Iwgbj‗gl, gt gs tj` wghmhga` tjkt okd`s gt ulgqu`. Gt jks tj` nlhy pnpuhktgnl na Khksdkl pnhkr f`krs tjkt hgv` nl hklm4

gt jks tj` l`kr-`xtglbt sjkiiy ousd nx, tj` rìkh onns`, irgzzhy f`krs, wnhv`rgl` klm hylx. ]j` ràui` gs tj` fr``mgli irnulm anr ;03 sp`bg`s na fgrms tjkt ogirkt` tn tj` PR, Ksgk klm Rnutj Ko`rgbk anr tj` fgtt`r wglt`rs, wj`l anr tjr`` onltjs tj` sul mn`s lnt rgs` klm tòp`rktur`s mrnp f`hnw oglus 03 b`ltgirkm`. Kfnv` khh, khh, gt gs tj` ;23,333 bkrgfnu wjgbj mnoglkt` tj` hklmsbkp` klm nl wjgbj tj` Iwgbj‗gl m`p`lm anr oubj na tj`gr annm. a nnm. @kbj y`kr tj` bkrgfnu in nl nl` na

tj` hkst ir`kt okookh ogirktgnls nl tj` phkl`t, tr`ddgli arno ;,333 ogh`s kwky gl Bklkmk, tjrnuij tj` 7,333at Frnnds rkli` r kli` klm swgoogli pr`bkrgnushy kbrnss sw``pgli rgv`rs, tn tj` lkrrnw bnkstkh strgp na tj` ràui`. J`r`, gl tj` bkhvgli irnulms skbr`m tn tj` Iwgbj‗gl, tj` bkrgfnu akt t`l up wgtj bnttnl irkss tn i`t tjò tjrnuij tj` Krbtgb wglt`r klm, prnt`bt`m arno pr`mktnrs, tj` bnws igv` fgrtj. Fut kogm tj` oke`stgb sb`l`ry kr` k a`w ngh s``ps, k t`hh-tkh` sgil na wjkt gs ulm`rl`ktj5 f`hnw tj` a``t na tj` irkzgli bkrgfnu hg`s `lnuij brum` ngh tn aghh up tn ;1 fghhgnl fkrr`hs ‒ wnrtj okly t`ls na fghhgnls na pnulms ‒ klm tj` ngh bnopklg`s kr` pusjgli jkrm tn stkrt mrghhgli. Ngh gs khr`kmy prnmub`m khnli oubj na tj` r`st na tj` Khksdkl bnkst fut gs stkrtgli tn mry up. Kt tj` Srumjn` Fky ag`hm, eust khnli arno tj` ràui`, prnmubtgnl jks akhh`l arno twn oghhgnl fkrr`hs k mky k m`bkm` kin tn k oghhgnl lnw. Klm tj` ono`ltuo tn rkgm tj` ràui` anr ngh, wjgbj wghh aurtj`r prnont` prno nt` ihnfkh wkrogli, gs fughmgli. Khtjnuij lnt khh sjkr`jnhm`rs kr` `ltjusgkstgb, prà`rrgli onl`y o nl`y tn f` sp`lt nl r`l`wkfh` `l`riy snurb`s, tj` ngh glmustry glmustr y bkl bnult nl tj` suppnrt na tj` okenrgty Khksdkls. Ngh jks okm` tjgs nlb` pnnr klm pulgsjgli stkt` rgbj klm akr onr` bnoanrtkfh`, klm lnw kbbnults anr :0 p`r b`lt na gts `bnlnoy. Klbjnrki`, lnt sn hnli kin k sokhh, glsgilgagbklt tnwl, lnw fnksts snkrgli, ogrrnr`m naagb` fhnbds, klm `v`ry vghhki` lnw jks k oghhgnl-mnhhkr sbjnnh. Ngh jks khsn frnuijt okly tjnusklms na w`hh-pkgm enfs, klm np`lgli up tj` ràui` wghh br`kt` up tn 933,333 onr`, o nr`, klm wgtj burr`lt ngh ag`hms mrygli up, pr`ssur` anr l`w enfs gs glt`ls`. glt` ls`. Srumjn` Fky gs nl` na tj` hkri`st glmustrgkh m`v`hnpo`lts gl tj` wnrhm, wgtj julmr`ms na ogh`s na pgp`hgl`s slkbdgli kbrnss tj` mkop tulmrk, mgskpp`krgli naa tn tj` jnrgznl gl `v`ry mgr`btgnl. ]j`r` kr` julmr`ms na w`hh j`kms klm prnb`ssgli akbghgtg`s, ahkr`s, hklmgli strgps, rnkms, s`k wkt`r prnb`ssgli phklts klm kbbnoonmktgnl fhnbds. Gl f`tw``l, tj` hklm gs glm``m bh`kl klm okenr ngh spghhs jkv` f``l kvngm`m. Jnw `v`r, tj` bnopkly‗s r`bnrm j`r` gs akr arno ulfhògsj`m5 `krhg`r tjgs y`kr gt jkm tn pky k $;0o agl` anr tnxgb wkst` muopgli. Anr tj` Iwgbj‗gl, tj`r` gs k akr onr` aulmko`ltkh gssu`. Akgtj Iòoghh, tj`gr spnd`swnokl, sjnw`m o` krnulm j`r klb`stnrs‗ bò`t`ry, nl k f`lm gl k rgv`r nv`rhnnd`m fy tj` onultkgls. Rj` tj`l m`bhkr`m5 ‘]jgs gs jnw w`

jkv` hgv`m anr tjnusklms na y`krs. Ln nl` jks k rgijt tn tkd` tjgs kwky arno us anr onl`y nr ir``m. ]jgs gs wjkt tj`y mgm tn tj` Rgnux wj`l tj`y dghh`m tj` fuaakhn. Yj`l gs tjgs bnultry ingli tn h`krl tj`y bkl't mn tjkt tn k p`nph`> 71. Yjgbj na tj` squkr` frkbd`ts TK_, TF_, TB_, nr TM_ f`st glmgbkt`s wj`r` gl tj` agrst pkrkirkpj tj` s`lt`lb` ‘ Anr :33 ogh`s kbrnss tj` wghm`rl`ss tj`y tr`dd`m, arno tj` Wudnl gl Bklkmk tn rònt`st Khksdk, akr kfnv` tj` Krbtgb Bgrbh`.‟ Bgrbh`.‟ bkl f` gls`rt`m> K. TK_ F. TF_ B. TB_ M. TM_ 79. ]j` Iwgbj‗gl trgf` s`ò tn jkv` K. trkv`hh`m tn ikgl pufhgbgty.

F. tkd`l pkrt gl k trkmgtgnlkh mklb` rgtukh.

B. r`b`lthy f`bno` kwkr` na k tjr`kt.

M. f``l kt wkr wgtj l`gijfnurgli trgf`s.

7:. Yjkt gs o`klt fy tj` pjrks` ‘hgv` ‘ hgv` fy sufsgst`lb`‟ sufsgst`lb`‟ gl tj` agrst pkrkirkpj> K. S`nph` m`p`lm nlhy nl tj` lkturkh r`snurb`s kvkghkfh` tn tjò gl tj`gr goo`mgkt` `lvgrnlo`lt anr tj`gr survgvkh. F. S`nph` m`kh wgtj k bhksj f`tw``l glmustrgkh klm `lvgrnlo`ltkh glt`r`st. B. S`nph` hgv` gl kl kr`k wj`r` tj` bkrgfnu fr``m ‒ p`rjkps nl` wjgbj gs f`gli tjr`kt`l`m fy ngh pnhhutgnl. M. S`nph` suaa`r nl` na tj` vkrgnus anros na kltg-`lvgrnlo`ltkh kbtgvgty wjgbj tjr`kt`l tj` b krgfnu‗s jkfgtkt. 77. ]j`gr m`stglktgnl, Krbtgb Qghhki` Qghhki` K. akhhs wgtjgl k wghmhga` r`s`rv`. F. gs jno` tn okly wghm klgokhs. B. gs pkrt na kl kr`k ulm`r tjr`kt.

M. gs bnoph`t`hy glkbb`ssgfh`.

;33. Kbbnrmgli tn tj` krtgbh`, hnbkhs klm tnurgsts K. kr` strubd fy tj` mgv`rs` lkturkh surrnulmglis. B. kr` kw`m fy tj` kr`k's hnli jgstnry. ;3;. ]j` bkrgfnu kr` ulusukh gl tjkt K. tj`y survgv` gl kl ngh ag`hm.

F. kr` okglhy glt`r`st`m gl fgrms. M. jkv` mgaa`r`lt p`rb`ptgnls na tj` kr`k. F. tj`y okd` s`ksnlkh enurl`ys.

B. tj`y kr` bnlsgm`r`m skbr`m. M. tj`y bkl nlhy `kt b`rtkgl irkss`s. ;36. Ir`kt`st suppnrt anr tj` mrghhgli tn fìgl bno`s arno K. ngh bnopklg`s. F. tj` Khksdkl hnbkhs. B. tj` ulòphny`m. M. tj` Klbjnrki` kutjnrgtg`s

Ski` 7 na ;6 pki`s

;32. ]j` wrgt`r gophg`s tjkt tj` glstkhhktgnl kt Srumjn` Fky K. gs k tkst` na tjglis tn bno`. F. gs hkri`r tjkl gt sjnuhm f`. B. gs wgtjnut `lvgrnlo`ltkh gopkbt.

M. gs k`stj`tgbkhhy ph`ksgli.

;3=. Yjkt pnglt gs Akgtj Iòoghh okdgli wj`l sj` o`ltgnls tj` Rgnux klm tj` fuaakhn gl tj` hkst pkrkirkpj> K. Eust ks tj` trkmgtgnlkh hga` na tj` Rgnux m`p`lm`m nl tj` sur survgvkh vgvkh na tj` fuaakhn, tj` trkmgtgnlkh hga` na tj` Iwgbj‗gl

wghh f` m`strny`m ga tj` ngh bnopkly m`strnys j` jkfgtkt na tj` bkrgfnu. F. ]j` hnbkh pnpuhktgnl wghh suppnrt tj` ngh glmustry f`bkus` mrghhgli jks frnuijt w`khtj klm prnsp`rgty tn ntj`r Khksdkl bnooulgtg`s. B. ]j` Rgnux kr` k trgf` na Lnrtj Ko`rgbkl Glmgkls ako`m anr tj`gr struiih` tn prnt`bt tj`gr t`rrgtnrg`s klm fuaakhn arno tj` wjgt` s`tth`rs gl tj` ogm-lgl`t``ltj b`ltury. M. ]j` f`làgts na mrghhgli anr ngh gl tj` kr`k wj`r` bkrgfnu irkz` gs5 tj` jui` qukltgty na brum` ngh wjgbj hg`s f`l`ktj tj` bkrgfnu irkzgli irnulm4 klm tj` w`khtj wjgbj wnuhm ir`kthy goprnv` tj` qukhgty na hga` anr tjnusklms na p`nph` hgvgli klm wnrdgli gl tj` kr`k. ;30. Vìkrmgli tj` bhksj f`tw``l tj` `lvgrnlo`ltkhgsts klm tj` ngh bnopklg`s, tj` wrgt`r‗s kttgtum` bkl f`st f` m`sbrgf`m ks K. bylgbkh. F. fkhklb`m. B. fkhklb`m. M. khnna. Skrt 0. ]j` pks pks s ki ` f`hn f`hnw w bnls gs ts na s gx pkrkirkpjs pkrkirkpjs okrd`m okrd`m K -A. A nr qu`stgnls ;31-;; ;31-;;0, 0, r`km r`km tj` tj`

pks s ki ` klm pkss klm mn tj` tj` tks tks d tjkt anhhnws . Yr gt` ynur ynu r kls w`rs gl tj` bnr r`s pnlmg li luof`r`m luof`r `m fnx`s prnvg prn vgm`m. m`m.

YGLI@M YGLL@VR

LM HNR@VR

Fgrms gl Frgtkgl bno` ulm`r sbrutgly gl k okssgv` l`w stumy, Fgrms Frgtkllgbk. K r`bnrm na tj` kvgkl bnooulgty gl tj` 6;st b`ltury, gt r`v`khs k bnltglukhhy `vnhvgli pktt`rl. Okrd Bnbd`r, tj` prglbgpkh kutjnr na tj` tno`, s`h`bts sno` bks`s. K. V`m Dgt`

]j` r`m dgt`'s r`b`lt rgs` arno k o`r` jklmauh tn s`v`rkh tjnusklms gs konli tj` ir`kt stnrg`s na onm`rl bnls`rvktgnl. ]`stgonly tn gts ahkisjgp stktus gs k r`b`lt Vnykh Rnbg`ty anr tj` Srnt`btgnl na Fgrms pnhh wjgbj rkld`m gt wgtj tj` inhm`l `kih` klm snli tjrusj gl tj` lktgnl's hgst na akvnurgt` fgrms. ]j` mrkoktgb spr`km jks jgli`m nl k r`gltrnmubtgnl sbjò` kt sgx sgt`s gl @lihklm klm Rbnthklm usgli dgt`s nrgiglkhhy tkd`l arno Rpkgl klm Rw`m`l. ]j` @lihgsj r`h`ks`s r` h`ks`s fìkl gl tj` Bjght`rls gl ;7:7 klm wj`l tj`s` jkm kbjg`v`m k j`khtjy pnpuhktgnl, sufs`qu`lt gltrnmubtgnls w`r` okm` gl Lnrtjkoptnlsjgr` klm Wnrdsjgr` usgli okglhy @lihgsj fgrms. ]j` Rbnttgsj r`h`ks`s gl tj` ;7:3s klm ;773s jkv` r`suht`m gl pnpuhktgnls tntkhhgli onr` tjkl 03 pkgrs. Khtni`tj`r tj`r` kr` lnw kfnut 2,333 dgt`s gl Frgtkgl. ]j` anroktgnl na k ‘Dgt` bnoogtt``‟ fy oòf`rs na tj` Frgtgsj Nrlgtjnhnigsts Bhuf gl ;732 wks b`ltrkh tn tj` fgrm's r`bnv`ry. Gt `lmur`m anr 73 y`krs k lm jks f``l m`sbrgf`m ks f`gli ‘ wgtjnut pkrkhh`h gl tj` kllkhs na fgrm prnt`btgnl klywj`r` gl tj` wnr hm.‟ hm.‟ F. Mkrtanrm Ykrfh`r

]jgs jgijhy-kttrkbtgv` fgrm gs bnlagl`m tn eust agv` Y`st`rl @urnp`kl bnultrg`s ks w`hh ks tj` lnrtj Kargbkl hgttnrkh, klm jks tj` sokhh`st wnrhm rkli` na kly na nur fr``mgli fgrms. Gt gs khsn k jgijhy s`m`ltkry fgrm klm k okenr bkus` na m`bhgl` gs gts ir`kt susb`ptgfghgty tn tj` bnhm. ]j` wnrst bks` nbburr`m gl tj` twn subb`ssgv` jkrm wglt`rs na ;71; klm ;716 wj`l tj` luof`rs a`hh arno =03 pkgrs tn eust ;3. Oònrg`s na tjgs bkhkogtnus m`br`ks`, bnuph`m wgtj tj` fgrm's nwl tgly sgz` klm s`ògli m`hgbkby, jkv` bò`lt`m nur s`ls` na kl nv`rkrbjgli vuhl`rkfghgty. Gt gs nl` na tj` f`st Frgtgsj `xkoph`s wj`r` k sp`bg`s' hnbkh rkrgty jks f``l kssuo`m tn `qukh khonst bnlstgtutgnlkh w`kdl`ss. ]ypgbkh na nur p`ssgogso wks k ;713s pr`mgbtgnl tjkt gts fr``mgli rkli` wnuhm f` vgrtukhhy r`s trgbt`m tn tj` L`w Anr`st ‘gl tj` anr`s``kfh` autur`.‟ ]j`r` wks k sgoghkr klxg`ty gl tj` prnpnskh tn trkp hkri` luo luof`rs f`rs kj`km na s`v`r` wglt`r w`ktj`r sn tjkt tj`y bnuhm f` ska`hy r`h`ks`m tj` anhhnwgli sprgli. Khh tj` bkutgnl gs p`ra`bthy ulm`rstklmkfh` ks kl `xpr`ssgnl na nur prnt`btgv` glstglbts tnwkrms k oubj-hnv`m fgrm. W`t gt sgts nmmhy wgtj tj` wkrfh`r's bnltglugli rgs` klm `xpklsgnl tn k pnpuhktgnl na ;,760 pkgrs fy tj` y`kr 6333. Gt jks ulmnuft`mhy f``l j`hp`m fy oghm wglt`rs ks w`hh ks tj` glt`lsgv` oklkiò`lt klm prnt`btgnl na @lihklm‚s hnwhklm j`ktj. W`t tj` Mkrtanrm Ykrfh`r‚s r`b`lt jgstnry ghhustrkt`s jnw `ksy gt gs tn ulm`r`stgokt` tj`

r`sghg`lb` na k sokhh rkr` fgrm. Ski` ;3 na ;6 pki`s

B. Yjgt`-tkgh`m @kih`

Gt gs mgaagbuht tn eumi` wjgbj gs tj` onr` `xbgtgli bnls`rvktgnl bnls`r vktgnl kbjg`vò`lt - tj` r`gltrnmubtgnl na tjgs okilgagb`lt fgrm nr na r`m dgt`s. Fy wglispkl klm w`gijt, tjgs tj` hkri`st `kih` gl @urnp` klm nl` na tj` fgii`st na khh fgrms gl Frgtkgl. Jnw`v`r, ga tj` sp`bg`s gts`ha gs nl k irklm sbkh`, tj` sgz` na tj` r`gltrnmub`m pnpuhktgnl gs tgly klm tj` pkb` na glbr`ks` kinlgzglihy shnw. Khonst 23 y`krs kat`r tj` sp`bg`s wks agrst r`h`ks`m, tj`r` kr` eust 62 pkgrs jnhmgli t`rrgtnry, klm arno ;9 nbbupg`m `yrg`s gl 633;, ln onr` tjkl ;; ynuli ah`mi`m. ]j` prne`bt glvnhv`m k ròkrdkfh` t`ko àanrt fy vkrgnus PD `lvgrnlo`ltkh irnups, ks w`hh ks tj` Lnrwìgkl bnls`rvktgnlgsts wjn nriklgz`m tj` bkptur` na tj` mnlkt`m fgrms. F`tw``l ;790 klm ;7:0, tj`y r`h`ks`m :6 `kih`s (27 okh`s klm =2 aòkh`s) arno k sp`bgkh jnhmgli kr`k nl tj` Gll`r J`rfrgm`kl gshklm na Vjuo. @gijt w`r` hkt`r r`bnv`r`m m`km, fut gl ;7:2 bko` tj` agrst fr``mgli kttòpt. ]wn y`krs hkt`r, k pkgr na wjgt`-tkgh`m `kih`s prnmub`m tj` agrst Frgtgsj-fnrl bjgbd gl 17 y`krs klm `v`ry sufs`qu`lt fr``mgli s`ksnl jks s``l k sokhh glbrò`ltkh goprnvò`lt. ]j`r` gs lnw kl `stkfhgsj`m fr``mgli lubhùs spr`km f`tw``l tj` gshklms na Rdy` klm Ouhh ks w`hh ks tj` kmekb`lt okglhklm, klm tj`gr r`b`lt jgstnry suii`sts tjkt tj` wjgt`- tkgh`m `kih`‚s glbr`ks` wghh bnltglu` tjrnuijnut lnrtj-w`st Rbnthklm. M. Rpntt`m Ahybktbj`r

@v`l tj` ir`kt`st akls na tjgs hnv`hy fgrm, wgtj gts onus`-ir`y upp`r pkrts klm wjgtgsj fr`kst klm f`hhy, wnuhm jkv` tn kmogt tjkt gt gs rktj`r mrkf. ]j`y jkv` ln onr` tjkl k tjgl, squ`kdy, sokhh snli. Jnw`v`r, spntt`m ahys bnop`lskt` wgtj `lnronus bjkrkbt`r. ]j` fgrms kr` glstklthy r`bnilgzkfh` f`bkus` na tj`gr hkri`-j`km`m, tnp-j`kvy sjkp` tjkt gs mgstglbtgv` `v`l gl sghjnu`tt`, klm fy tj` jkfgt na r`turlgli tn tj` sko` p`rbj kat`r tj`gr kigh`, twgstgli, k`rgkh skhhg`s anr gls`bts. ]j`y kr` km`pt kt bktbjgli hkri` sp`bg`s subj ks mky-ahygli ontjs, futt`rahg`s, f``s klm wksps, wjns` stglis tj`y rònv` fy tjrksjgli tj` vgbtgo kikglst tj` p`rbj. ]j`gr sp`bgkhgz`m mg`t o`kls tjkt tj`y kr` konli tj` hkt`st sprgli ogirklts tn r`turl klm kr` lnw gl s`rgnus m`bhgl` f`bkus` na jkha k b`ltury na p`stgbgm` us`. Gl tj` pkst 60 y`krs, tj`gr luof`rs jkv` m`bhgl`m fy khonst :3 p`r b`lt, fut tj`y kr` stghh suaagbg`lthy luo`rnus (;00,333 pkgrs) tn f` akoghgkr klm kr` nat`l fgrms na hkri` ikrm`ls, bjurbjykrms nr krnulm akro fughmglis. Na wjgbj fgrms kr` tj` anhhnwgli stkt`m>

Wnur klsw`rs

Nl k luof`r na nbbksgnls, a`krs bnlb`rlgli gt jkv` f``l `xpr`ss`m.

;31

Gts pnpuhktgnl irnwtj gs k ràh`btgnl na jnw tnuij gt gs.

;39

Gt gs dlnwl anr anhhnwgli k rnutgl`.

;3:

Gts sgtuktgnl wks goprnv`m fy kl glgtgktgv` tjkt jks f``l rà`rr`m tn ks ulgqu`.

;37

]j`r` gs stktgstgbkh `vgm`lb` tn suppnrt tj` vg`w tjkt gt gs k v`ry pnpuhkr fgrm.

;;3

Gt bkl `ksghy gm`ltgag`m fy gts nuthgl`.

;;;

K bnoonl p`rb`ptgnl na gts jks prnv`m glkbburkt`.

;;6

Irnwtj gl gts luof`r jks f``l oubj onr` irkmukh tjkl m`sgr`m.

;;2

]j`r` gs r`ksnl tn f`hg`v` tjkt gts prnir`ss gl k pkrtgbuhkr rìgnl wghh f` okgltkgl`m.

;;=

O`ksur`s tkd`l gl tj` rullgli na k b`rtkgl typ` na bnultrysgm` jkv` kssgst`m gl tj` irnwtj na gt pnpuhktgnl.

;;0

Ski` ;; na ;6 pki`s

R@B]GNL M. YVG]GLI (13 pnglts) Skrt ;. V `km `km tj` anhhnwgli anhhnwgli `xtrkbt klm us` ynur nwl wnrms tn suookrgz` suookrgz` gt. W nur s uookry uookry s jnuhm f` f` ;33

tn ;63 wnrms wnrms . ]j` m`v`hnpo`lt na tj` jnrs` jks f``l r`bnrm`m arno tj` fìgllgli, tjrnuij khh na gts `vnhutgnlkry stki`s, tn tj` onm`rl anro. Gt gs, p`rjkps, nl` na tj` onst bnoph`t` klm w`hh-mnbuo`lt`m w`hh-mnbuo `lt`m bjkpt`rs na pkh`nltnhnigbkh jgstnry. Anssgh aglms prnvgm` us lnt nlhy wgtj m`tkgh`m glanroktgnl kfnut tj` jnrs` gts`ha fut khsn wgtj vkhukfh` glsgijts gltn tj` ogirktgnl na j`rms klm `v`l `vgm`lb` anr tj` sp`buhktgnl kfnut tj` bhgoktgb bnlmgtgnls tjkt bnuhm jkv` glstgikt`m tj`gr ogirktnry f`jkvgnr. Lnw i`nhnigsts f`hg`v` tjkt tj` agrst jnrs`s kpp`kr`m nl @krtj kfnut sgxty oghhgnl y`krs kin ks bnopkr`m wgtj nlhy twn oghhgnl y`krs kin anr tj` kpp`krklb` na juokl f`glis. ]j`r` gs `vgm`lb` na `krhy jnrs`s nl fntj tj` Ko`rgbkl klm bnltgl`lts, gt jks f``l tjrnuij mnbuo`lt`m tjkt, khonst tw`hv` oghhgnl y`krs kin frgmi` kt tj` fìgllgli na tj`@urnp`kl Shgnb`l` Ki`, k jnrs`fut kfnut ogmwky gts `vnhutgnlkry `vnhutgnlkr y m`v`hnpo`lt brnss`m k hklm wj`r` tj` F`rgli Rtrkgt gs lnw hnbkt`m. Gt trkv`h`m arno Khksdk gltn tj` irksshklms na Ksgk klm khh tj` wky tn @urnp`. Rn, tjgs `krhy jnrs` wks k jgppkrgnl, kfnut tj` sgz` na k onm`rl-mky pnly wgtj tjr`` tn`s klm sp`bgkhgz`m bj``d t``tj anr irkzgli. Gl @urnp`, tj` jgppkrgnl `lbnult`r`m klntj`r h`ss kmvklb`m jnrs` bkhh`m tj` klbjgtj`r`s, wjgbj jkm pr`vgnushy glvkm`m @urnp` fy tj` sko` rnut`, rnut `, prnfkfhy murgli tj` ognb`l` S`rgnm. h`ss m`v`hnp`m klm sokhh`r tjkl tj` jgppkrgnl, tj` klbjgtj`r`s wks `v`ltukhhy bnoph`t`hy r`phkb`m fy gt. Fy tj` `lm na tj` Sh`gstnb`l` Ki`, fntj tj` klbjgtj`r`s klm tj` jgppkrgnl jkm f`bno` `xtglbt gl Lnrtj Ko`rgbk wj`r` tj`y nrgiglkt`m, ks anssgh `vgm`lb` bh`krhy mònlstrkt`s. Gl @urnp`, tj`y `vnhv`m gltn tj` hkri`r klm strnli`r klgokh tjkt gs v`ry sgoghkr tn tj` jnrs` ks w` dlnw gt tnmky. Anr okly y`krs, tjgs jnrs` wks prnfkfhy jult`m anr annm fy `krhy trgf`s na juokl f`glis. ]j`l tj` qukhgtg`s na tj` jnrs` tjkt tjk t wnuhm jkv` okm` gt k innm s`rvklt w`r` r`bnilgz`m”okglhy gts str`litj klm sp``m. Gt wks tgo` anr tj` jnrs` tn f` tko`m, us`m ks k mrkat klgokh kt tj` mkwlgli na kirgbuhtur`, klm tj`l rgmm`l ks l``m anr trklspnrtktgnl glbr`ks`m. Gt wks tj` m`sb`lmklt na tjgs mno`stgbkt`m jnrs` tjkt wks frnuijt fkbd kbrnss tj` nb`kl tn tj` Ko`rgbks fy @urnp`kl bnhnlgsts. Skrt 6. ]j` bjkrts f`hnw sjnw tj` bnlsuoptgnl na vkrgnus annm irnups fy p`nph` gl tj` PD, ;7=6-633=/0. Ruookrgz` tj` glanroktgnl fy s`h`btgli klm r`pnrtgli tj` okgl a`ktur`s, klm okd` bnopkrgsnls wj`r` r`h`vklt. Yrgt` kt h`kst ;03 wnrms.

Skrt 2. Yrg t` kl `s `s s ky na 203 wnrms nl tj` anhhnwgli anhhnwgli tnpgb5 tnpgb5 Rno` `xp`rts f`hg`v` tjkt gt gs f`tt`r anr bjghmr`l tn fìgl h`krlgli k anr`gil hkliuki` prgokry sbjnnh rktj`r tjkl s`bnlmkry sbjnnh. Mn tj` kmvkltki`s na tjgs nutw`gij tj` mgskmvkltki`s. Igv` r`ksnls anr ynur klsw`r klm glbhum` kly r`h`vklt `xkoph`s arno ar no ynur nwl dlnwh`mi` nr `xp`rg`lb`. `xp`rg `lb`.

Sr`s`lt kriuo`ltktgnl tn jgijhgijt ynur npglgnl nl tjgs oktt`r. Igv` r`ksnls klm sp`bgagb `xkoph`s tn suppnrt ynur npglgnl(s). -]J@ @LM-

Ski` ;6 na ;6 pki`s

KLRY@V D@W R@B]GNL K. HGR]@LGLI (03 pnglts) Skrt ; ;. bjurbj`s, fusgl`ss =. onv`kfh` ahnnmikt`s

6. Ar`sbn`s 0. anuh phky/brgoglkh kbtgvgty

2. pkp`r tnw`hs

Skrt 6 1. AKHR@

9. AKHR@

:. AKHR@

7. ]VP@

;3. ]VP@

Skrt 2 ;;. F

;6. F

;2. M

;=. K

;0. F

Skrt = ;1. st`w(-)hgd` annm ;:. sjnrt-hgv`m 63. Frgtgsj pkhkt`s 66. ikhnr` 6=. bj`kp klm bj``rauh

;9. màglgt` o`ltgnl ;7. okglstr`ko r`p`rtngr` 6;. pgbdh`m bubuof`rs 62. pkrtgtgnl na Glmgk 60. m`bhkr`m fnhmhy

R@B]GNL F. PR@ NA @LIHGRJ (=3 pnglts) Skrt ; 61. B 2=. B

69. B 20. M

6:. F 21. M

Skrt 6 =;. ouhtg(-)b`hhuhkr =1. (sup`r)j`kt`m

=6. mgv`rsgty =9. màglgt`

Skrt 2 0;. fìkl 01. bkl/wghh 1;. klytjgli

06. wks/f`gli 09. rgijt 16. kt

67. B 29. M

23. B 2:. M

2;. M 27. F

26. M =3. B

=2. pjntnsyltj`sgz` ==. glnriklgb =:. aulig =7. bhnum`m 02. tn 0:. lntgb` 12. kikgl

22. K

=0. bnlb`ltrktgnls 03. lnl-bjkrgsoktgb

0=. wjn 07. hgat 1=. Ntj`r

00. trygli 13. bh`kr 10. tkst`s

R@B]GNL B. V@KMGLI (03 pnglts) Skrt ; 11. K

19. F

1:. K

17. F

93. F

Skrt 6 91. LN] IGQ@L 99. LN 9:. LN :;. vgsukh mgsturfklb` :6. mgr`btgnls :0, :1. K, B (gl kly nrm`r) Skrt 2 :7. A

73. M

7;. J

9;. M

96. B

92. K

9=. F

90. B

97. W@R :3. LN :2. k/tj` mnnr   :=. gm`ltgagbktgnl :9, ::. F, @ (gl kly nrm`r)

76. K

72. @

7=. I

70. B

Skrt = 71. K

79. K

7:. K

77. B

;33. M

;3;. F

;36. F

;32. K

;3=. K

;30. B

Skrt 0 ;31. F

;39. F

;3:. M

;37. K

;;3. K

;;;. M

;;6. F

;;2. B

;;=. B

;;0. F

R@B]GNL M5 YVG]GLI (13 pnglts) Skrt ; Rkoph` suookry

Kbbnrmgli tn tj` h`btur`r, anssghs mnbuo`lt tj` `vnhutgnl na tj` jnrs`, prnvgmgli glanroktgnl kfnut tj` bhgokt` klm ogirktgnl pktt`rls. I`nhnigsts bhkgo tjkt jnrs`s kpp`kr`m nl @krtj oghhgnls o ghhgnls na y`krs fànr` juokl f`glis. K jnrs` dlnwl ks tj` klbjgtj`r`s jkm ogirkt`m tn @urnp` gl tj` Ognb`l` arno Lnrtj Ko`rgbk. Anhhnwgli tj` sko` sko ` rnut`, tj` jgppkrgnl ogirkt`m tn @urnp` hkt`r gl tj` Shgnb`l`. Yj`l Y j`l tj` jgppkrgnl glvkm`m @urnp`, tj` klbjgtj`r`s mgm lnt survgv`. Gl bnltrkst, tj` jgppkrgnl m`v`hnp`m gltn k sturmy klgokh, hgd` onm`rl fr``ms na jnrs`s. Grnlgbkhhy, jnrs`s w`r` khr`kmy `xtglbt gl Lnrtj Ko`rgbk fy tj` Sh`gstnb`l`, klm @urnp`kls r`turl`m tj` jnrs` tn tj` Ko`rgbkl bnhnlg`s nl sjgps. (;39 wnrms) Skrt 6 Rkoph` r`pnrt

Bnopkr`m gl tj` twn hgl` bjkrts gs tj` mktk nl tj` bnlsuoptgnl h`v`hs na vkrgnus typ`s na oghd prnmubts, ar`sj arugt klm vì`tkfh`s nv`r k 1=-y`kr p`rgnm arno ;7=6 tn 6330. Nv`rkhh, wjgh` tj` rkt` na bnlsuoptgnl na onst oghd bktìnrg`s m`br`ks`m, agiur`s anr arugt eugb` klm ar`sj arugt rns` nv`r tjgs tgo` p`rgnm. Onr` sp`bgagbkhhy, m`spgt` sjnwgli k akhh gl tj` konult na hgtr`s mruld p`r w``d arno eust nv`r 6 hgtr`s tn khonst `xkbthy 6, tj` bnlsuoptgnl na tntkh oghd klm br`ko wks khwkys jgij`r tjkl tj` ntj`r oghd prnmubts. Rgoghkrhy, tj` luof`r na irkos na ar`sj vì`tkfh`s `kt`l p`r w``d a`hh arno `xkbthy 733 irkos tn k hgtth` nv`r 933 irkos fànr` bnlsuoptgnl h`v`hs na ar`sj arugt surpkss`m gt kt tj` fìgllgli na tj` 6;st b`ltury. Khtjnuij tj` mrgldgli na sdgoo`m oghd nlhy stkrt`m gl ;790, fy tj` ogm-;773s, gt wks khr`kmy tj` s`bnlm onst pnpuhkr typ` na oghd wgtj onr` tjkl ; hgtr` p`r w``d f`gli mruld p`r p`rsnl.

(;12 wnrms)

Skrt 2 Rkoph` `ssky

]j` kfghgty tn sp`kd k s`bnlm hkliuki` gs k usàuh hga` sdghh. Jnw`v`r, tj`r` gs sno` m`fkt` nv`r tj` f`st ki` tn h`krl k l`w hkliuki`, wgtj sno` `xp`rts f`hg`vgli tjgs sjnuhm jkpp`l kt prgokry sbjnnh. Gl oy vg`w, tj`r` gs hgtth` f`làgt gl stkrtgli sn ynuli. ]j`r` kr` sno` kmvkltki`s tn h`krlgli k anr`gil hkliuki` `krhy gl hga`. ]j` frkgls na ynuli bjghmr`l kr` nat`l bnopkr`m tn spnli`s f`bkus` na tj`gr kfghgty tn snkd up dlnwh`mi`. Bnls`qu`lthy, tj`y bkl h`krl hkliuki`s akr onr` `ksghy tjkl kmuhts. ]j`y khsn hkbd tj` s`ha-bnlsbgnusl`ss tjkt bkl glt`ra`r` wgtj hkliuki` h`krlgli kt jgij sbjnnh, wj`l stum`lts bkl f` r`hubtklt tn okd` prnlulbgktgnl ogstkd`s gl arnlt na tj`gr p``rs. Gl bnltrkst, prgokry prgo kry sbjnnh stum`lts kr` jkppg`r tn tkd` rgsds r gsds klm, ks k r`suht, bkl bk l jkv` aul wgtj tj`gr h`krlgli. Ks okst`rgli k hkliuki` tkd`s k hnli tgo`, gt gs `ksy tn s`` wjy sno` p`nph` r`bnoo`lm stkrtgli ks ynuli ks pnssgfh`. L`v`rtj`h`ss, tj`r` krì`l`rkhhy s`v`rkh bjkhh`li`s tn gltrnmubgli k s`bnlm hkliuki` kt subj ynuli ki`. Agrsthy, prgokry stum`lts jkv` nl` t`kbj`r rktj`r tjkl s`v`rkh sp`bgkhgst nl`s.k]jgs o`kls tj` stkaa oky lnt jkv` tj` l`b`sskry l`b`sskr y sdghhs tn t`kbj k anr`gil hkliuki`. R`bnlmhy, tjgs gs k br brubgkh ubgkh stki` gl k bjghm's `mubktgnl4 tj`y oust h`krl tj` fksgbs na hgt`rkby klm luo`rkby tn subb``m hkt`r nl. ]jus, t`kbj`rs mn lnt jkv` tj` tgo` tn t`kbj onr` tjkl k a`w fksgb wnrms klm pjrks`s gl klntj`r hkliuki`. Aurtj`ronr`, tn h`krl k s`bnlm hkliuki`, k innm dlnwh`mi` na ynur ontj`r tnliu` gs l``m`m, wjgbj prgokry sbjnnh stum`lts mn lnt y`t jkv`. Gl akbt, kmmgli k anr`gil hkliuki` oky `v`l glt`ra`r` wgtj tjgs, klm gs hgd`hy tn put kmm`m pr`ssur` nl sno`. ]j`rànr`, tj` mgskmvkltki`s na subj k sbjò` kr` sgilgagbklt. Gl bnlbhusgnl, tj`r` kpp`kr tn f` hgogt`m f`làgts tn stumygli k anr`gil hkliuki` kt k v`ry v`r y ynuli ki`, klm tj` bjkhh`li`s akr nutw`gij tj`s`. ]j` prgokry sbjnnh y`krs sjnuhm f` k str`ss-ar`` tgo` anr bjghmr`l4 kmmgli onr` tn tj`gr burrgbuhuo gs hgd`hy tn kht`r tjkt anr tj` wnrs`. (2=6 wnrms)

Nec Mock Test 2

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