Natural Science 3 R PDF

 

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Natural Science TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK

 

Natural Science      Y      R TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK      A      M      I      R      P

 

Natural Science TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK

Natural Science 3 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana, under the supervision of Antonio Brandi Fernández. WRITER Carmen Gutiérrez MANAGING EDITOR Sheila Tourle PROJECT EDITOR Geona Edwards EDITORS Beatriz García Hipólito M.ª Antonia Oliva Pérez-Andújar  PROOFREADING Sheila Klaiber Vassilia Katte ILLUSTRATIONS  Juan Carlos Carmona, Mar Ferrero, Ferrero, Carlos Gallego, Jose Luis Navarro, El Ojo del Huracán, Jorge Salas,  José Santos, Carolina Temprado Temprado Battad

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Nombre Contents

Fecha

Introduction  ................................................... Introduction ...................................................................................................... ...................................................

III

Worksheets

 Y  Your our body ................................................................................................... ............................................... ............................................................ ........

6

 Y  Your our senses ....................................................................................................... .................................................... ................................................... 14 Food and nutrients ................................................... ............................................................................................. .......................................... 22 Keeping healthy ................................................................................................. .............................................. ................................................... 30  Animals .................................................. ...................................................................................................... ............................................................ ........ 38 Invertebrates ................................................... ...................................................................................................... ................................................... 46  Animals and people people ................................................. ........................................................................................... .......................................... 54 Plants .................................................... ........................................................................................................ ............................................................ ........ 62  Animals and plants plants ................................................... ............................................................................................. .......................................... 70 Matter .................................................... ........................................................................................................ ............................................................ ........ 78 Materials and machines ................................................... ..................................................................................... .................................. 86 Energy and the environment ...................................................................... .............................................................................. ........ 94

 Answer key ....................................................................................... key ....................................................................................................... ................ 102

 

Introduction

Natural Science 3 Teacher’s Resource Book   provides a wide variety of photocopiable worksheets designed to complement Natural Science 3  and Natural Science 3 Teacher’s Student’s Book  and Book . It is divided into 12 topics in order to cover the main concepts of both the National Curriculum and the curriculum established by the Community of Madrid.  These worksheets facilitat facilitate e a flexible approach approach in the classroom. Students in the same class can be given different worksheets. Stronger students can expand on the material learnt in class. Weaker students can use worksheets to revise. Alternatively, students can the work together with stronger peers to complete the tasks. These worksheets can also be assigned as homework.  There are four categories categories of w worksheets orksheets::  and tests Reinforcement,, Extension Reinforcement Extension,, Assessment  Assessment and tests,, and Investigate Investigate.. Answer keys are provided at the back of this book.

 

Worksheets Reinforcement worksheets

Keeping healthy 

REINFORCEMENT

Name

REINFORCEMENT

4

1

 There are twelve twelve double-page Reinforcement Reinforce ment worksheets. These worksheets are designed to provide additional support for students in need of further practice. They can be used after the relevant section in the Student’s Student’s Book, before the Final activities sections, or as extra preparation for the Unit assessment. Depending on the students, they can complete the worksheets with or without consulting their Student’s Student’s Books, in the classroom or at home, individually or in pairs.

clean – sleep – posture – diet – exercise a. Get enough

 Your senses

EXTENSION Date

b. Keep your body

.

c. Do regular

e. Have good

processed

B

3

  Read these sentences about doing exercise. Write T   (true) (true) or F   (false). (false).

Food

is

 

to

 

prevent

 

illness

 

 

make

Dirty

 

food

 

can

 

7

♣   G

   A 5

≈   C 5

∩   D

∪   E

∼

♦  M

∧   N

∨   O

♠   R

∅   S ∗   T

5

5

5

5

5

5

 F

5

5

5

◊   H

⊃   I

⊂   L

★ 

♥   U

≅   V

∴   W

∆  Y 

5

5

5

5

5

d. By practising a team sport you learn to work in a group.

◊⊃⊂∩♠∪∧   ≈  ≈◊ ⊃⊂∩♠∪∧  

∧ ∪∪ ∩

∗∨

∅⊂ ∪∪★ 

◊∨♥♠∅

∗∪∧

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Photocopiable material© 2014Santillana Educación,S.L./Richmond Publishing

 

Photocopiable material© 2014Santillana Educación,S.L./Richmond Publishing

Extension worksheets

EXTENSION Date

 There are twenty-four twenty-four Extension worksheets. These worksheets can be used for fast finishers or to expand on the material covered in class.

  Complete the index card about guide dogs.

Equipment:   Equipment:  Years of service: 

16

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P h o toc o pi abl b l e m a teira l © 2 0 1 4 S a n til l a n aEdu c ac i ó n ,S . L ./ Ri c h mo n dP u bl i h s ing

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Investigate worksheets

Food and nutrients

INVESTIGATE

Name

1

 There are twelve twelve Investigate worksheets, one for each topic.  These worksheets provide provide opportunities for students tto o carry out simple investigative tasks, either in the classroom or at home.

Date

 Which foods contain fat? Instructions 1. I n pairs, select five or six different foods, for example, an apple, chips, a banana, biscuits, a carrot, bread or cheese. Cut them into pieces. 2. Cut some brown wrapping paper into five 10 cm squares. 3. Rub a piece of each food on a square until it leaves a mark. Label the squares and allow them to dry. 4. W hen dry, hold the squares against the light. If there is a greasy spot, the food contains fat. Measure the diameter of each grease spot with a ruler. The size of the grease spot tells us how much fat there is in the food. 5. Complete the table. food

diameter of grease spot

fat

no fat

 

6. Analyse your results and answer the questions.  

a. Which food leavesthe biggest grease spot? b. Which is the food with the least fat? c. Which is the food with the most fat?

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d. All breeds of dogs can be guide dogs.

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e. They have a limited working life.

Most common breeds:  breeds:  

5

e. Swimming is not very good for your lungs and heart.

b. They sometimes leave their owners alone.

Guide dogs

5

c. Exercise makes your muscles and bones stronger.

c. Their harness is just for decoration.

Job description:  description:  

you

 

  Use the code and find out a healthy habit.

•

b. Team sports are not as healthy as individual sports.

a. Guide dogs help people who cannot see.

2

essential

 

a. Exercise makes you more flexible.

Guide dogs work approximately six years before they retire.

  Use the Braille alphabet. Punch out your name on a piece of card with the tip of a ballpoint pen. Learn to read it with your fingers. Exchange names with a partner.

 

a. ill

Most guide dogs are Labradors or Golden Retrievers. They receive special training starting when they are puppies. Then, they are assigned to a blind person. Guide dogs wear a harness to do their job.

2

  Write two sentences in the correct order.

F

E

b.

People with sight and hearing disabilities use different languages to communicate with other people. Sign language is a language that many deaf people use to communicate. Braille is a system of printing for blind people.

  Use the sign alphabet. Learn to say your name with your hands. Take turns with a partner to spell out your name.

fresh

C

hygiene D

Sign language

1

. to look after your back.

6

Guide dogs

  Write T   (true) (true) or F  (false).  (false).

Some substances are added to foods so they do not go off.

  Which of these foods are fresh and which are processed? Classify.

  Circle the healthy habits.  A

Guide dogs act as eyes for people who are blind.  They help blind people move from one place to another. They can help a blind person cross the road, avoid obstacles or go to the shops. Guide dogs stay with their owners at all times.

1

It helps to eliminate organisms that spoil food. You preserve foodin the fridge or rreezer feezer to make itlast longer.

c. heating

.

d. Eat a healthy and balanced

Your senses

Name

a. cooling b. adding preservatives

. 5

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Name

  Match the methods of preserving foods to the definitions.

  Complete the sentences about healthy habits.

2

 

Date

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 Assessmentt worksheets  Assessmen

Plants

 ASSESSMENT

Name

1

 There are twelve twelve double-page Assessment double-page Assessment worksheets,, one for each topic. These worksheets worksheets can be given to students once the topic has been completed, as a revision test, or to check progress at any point poi nt during the year.

 ASSESSMENT

Date

4

  Read and complete the text about plant nutrition.

  Label the plant. Then, answer the question.

carbon dioxide – photosynthesis – roots – raw sap water – sunlight – elaborated sap – mineral salts Plants make their own food through

.

 They absorb

and

from the soil through their

. This mixture is the

. Plants also absorb

and

from the air. They then transform

the raw sap into • Is the stem of this plant woody or herbaceous? Explain.

5

.

  Find and circle five parts of the flower. Then, complete the sentences.

 

2

p

c

o

r

o

l

l

e

q

y

w

q

b

p

t

l

p

i

s

t

i

  Label the parts of the leaf. Then, read and tick ✓ (  ).

a

a z l

a

y

s

e

p

l

x

t

e

i

g

f

l

a

s

s

s

t

a

m

e

n

s

a. Classify the leaf according to the edge. smooth

lobed

jagged

a. It is the female part of the flower. It contains the ovary. It is the

b. Classify the leaf according to the shape. palmate

3

heart-shaped

needle-shaped

ferns – gymnosperms – rhizoids – seeds – angiosperms – flowers – mosses Flowering plants produce groups are

with , like apple trees, and

and of mosses are called 66

Food and nutrients

d. The

are coloured leaves. They form the

.

5 60

sensitivity

. The two main

a. Plants make elaborated sap.

, like pine trees.

nutrition

b. The leaves and stems grow towards the light.

are non-flowering plants. The roots

c. Pollen is produced in the stamens. reproduction

.

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  Match the sentences to the life processes that plants carry out.

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Photocopiable material© 2014Santillana Educación,S.L./Richmond Publishing

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1

  Carbohydrates and fats are examples of…

2

  Proteins are found in…

a. a.   proteins.

b.  nutrients. b. 

 There are twelve twelve multiple-choice tests, tests, one for each topic. These tests are to be completed once the topic has been studied. The tests provide students the opportunity to revise the main concepts of each topic and to assess the knowledge they have acquired.

c. minerals. c. 

a. a.   meat, fish and eggs. b.  b.  fruit and vegetables. c. c.   bread, potatoes, rice and pasta. 3

are the male parts of the flower. They produce pollen.

Tests

 TEST 

Name

are the small green leaves that protect the flower.

c. The

  Read and complete. 6

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.

b. The

  Calcium… a. a.   is a very important protein. b.  b.  makes up your bones and helps you to grow. c. c.   provides your body with energy.

4

  A diet that gives you the right amount of nutrients is…

5

  Your body obtains vitamins, minerals and fibre from…

a. a.   sufficient.

b.  active. b. 

c. balanced. c. 

a. a.   fruit and vegetables. b.  b.  meat, fish and pulses. c. c.   brown sugar, oil and butter. 6

  Dairy products include…

7

  Wholegrain foods are healthier because they…

a. a.   bread and sugar.

b.  b.  milk and yoghurt.

c.  c. bacon and eggs.

a. a.   contain fibre. b.  b.  are grown on special farms. c. c.   are made with healthy oils. 8

  Your daily diet should include three…

9

 You should eat…

a. a.   pieces of fruit.

a. a.   three meals a day. 10  

c. processed foods. c. 

b.  b.  four meals a day.

c.  c. five meals a day.

Experts think the Mediterranean diet is… a. a.   not traditional.

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b.  b.  snacks.

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b.  b.  very healthy.

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c.  c. too oily.

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 Answer key 

 Answer key  2. Searchthe Internet for three animal species from the  Arctic tundra. Write whatthey eat.

 ANIMALS ANDPLANTS REINFORCEMENT 

OA 

PAGE70

PAGE73

1. Lookand matchthe pictures tothe areas.

 An Answer key for  An Answer key for all the worksheets is provided at the back of this Teacher’s Resource Book .

1. Read the text and the table. Then, answerthe questions.

 A. grassland;B. forest; C. desert; D. shru ubland. bland.

a. the sloth; b. the cheetah; c. onland; d. in the air.

2. Read and complete.

a. Treesgrow in fertile soil withhighhumidity. Many trees togetherform a forest. b. Bushesgrow inplaceswith poorsoil andlow humidity.  Anarea dominatedby bushesisa shrubland. c. Grasslandsare areaswithlong periodsof drought. Trees andbushesare scarce because theyneedwaterall year round. d. Desertsdo nothave muchwaterandthe soil isarid.  There islittle vegetation. Onlyplantsthatneedlittle watercanlive indeserts. 3. Where dothese animals live? Explain.

MA  Seabirdsspendmostof theirlivesoverthe sea. They only go to landto reproduce. Squirrelslive mostofthe time intreesand swing from branchtobranch. PAGE71

2. Find your favourite animal onthe Internet.

OA 

 ASSESSMENT  PAGE74 1. Write the names of these areas.

 A. desert; B. shrubland; C.forest; D grassland. 2. Read and write T  (true) or F  (false). Then, correct the false sentences.

a. T; b. F; c. T; d. F; e. T. Pines, oaksandbeechesare typesoftrees. Desertsare areaswitharidsoil and low humidity. 3. What is vegetation? Explain.

 Vegetationis all the plantsin anarea, regionorcountry. 4. Read and complete the words.

a. vegetation; b. drought; c. savannah; d. shrubland.

4. Find and circle eight animals. Then, write.

s

e

a

b

i

r

x

s

n

a

k

e

z

f

w

t

q

x

s

t

a

r

f

i

d

f

p

l

i

s

i

s

n

s

h

a

PAGE75 5. Read the text and complete.

s

q

u

o

o

c

i t

r

r

e

l

i

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p

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s

l

Some aquatic animalslive inthe sea.Theyare marine animals. Otherslive infreshwater, inlakesor rivers.  Aquatic animalsspendmostof theirlivesinwater. Many ofthem breathe inoxygenfrom the waterthroughgills. Otherscome to the surface ofthe waterto breathe in air, throughlungs. 6. Circle the correct animal.

a. bat; b. mussel; c. skater; d. snake; e. duck. 5. Classify these marine animals.

 They breathe throughlungs: whales, seals, turtles.  They breathe throughgills: sharks, sardines, tuna. 6. Write

T  (true) or F  (false).

a. T; b. T; c. F; d. F; e. T; f. F.

7. Read, thenwrite the correct word.

a. trees; b. slither; c. underground.

 TEST  PAGE76

1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b; 5. c; 6. b; 7. a; 8. a; 9. b; 10. a.

EXTENSION PAGE72 1. Read the text and circle the correct word.

  a. Tundrasarefoundinthe Arctic.

INVESTIGATE PAGE77

OA 

  b. Inthe summer, thereare 24 hoursa day ofsunlight.   c. The toplayerofthe soilisthe permafrost.

 

  d. Winterinthe Arctic tundra isextremely cold.   e. Global warming isharming the Arctic c tic tundra.

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 Your body 

REINFORCEMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Label the body body parts.

head

limbs

 

2

trunk 

 

  Look at the diagram diagram and write write examples. examples.

brain

lung

arm

heart

leg

stomach

intestines

a. an organ inside yyour our head ▶  b. an organ inside your trunk ▶  c. a lower limb ▶  6

Natural Science 3

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REINFORCEMENT 

3

  Write T  (true)  (true) or F  (false).  (false). Then, correct the false sentences. a. We need energy and nutrients to live, and we get them from food. b. Nutrition pr provides ovides your body with electricity and nu nutrients. trients. c. The process of n nutrition utrition allows us to detect and respond respond to changes in the environment. d. Children look like their par parents ents because they inherit their their physical characteristi characteristics. cs. e. We use our senses to get in information formation about the en environment. vironment. f. Melanin protects your body fr from om water water..

4

  Match the stages of life to the pictures. adolescence

 A

old age

 

B

childhood

 

adulthood

 

C

D

• Now, write the stages of life in order. order.

1st 

2nd 

3rd 

4th 

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 Your body 

EXTENSION

Name

Date

Why do people have different skin colour? Human skin colour varies greatly around the world. It can range from a very dark brown to yellow. Skin colour is controlled by genes, like other human characteristics such as eye colour and hair type. However, skin colour has also been influenced by the However, environment over thousands of years. There are many different skin colours today because people have adapted to different environments. The Sun gives us light and heat, but it also emits harmful rays. Some regions of the Earth receive more harmful sun rays than others. This difference directly affects skin colour. Skin colour depends on how much melanin we have in our skin. Melanin is a brown pigment that works wo rks as a natural sun cream, and protects skin from the harmful rays of sunlight. Over time, people who moved to areas of less sunlight developed lighter coloured skin, and people who lived closer to the Equator had darker skin with more melanin.

1

  Read the text and complete the sentences. a. Skin colour is controlled by

.

b. The Sun

harmful rays.

c. Skin colour depends on the d. Melanin

of melanin. the skin from the harmful rays of sunlight.

e. People with lighter skin have

2

melanin.

  Search the Internet or magazines fo forr photos of thr three ee famous people with dif different ferent skin colour.. Write their names and the c colour continent ontinent they come from. dark skin

medium skin

light skin

 

8

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 Your body 

EXTENSION

Name

Date

Broken bones Bones are hard, strong and rigid, but they can sometimes break or fracture. However, However, broken bones can repair themselves. There are many different types of fractures. The most common type is a simple fracture, which happens when a bone breaks cleanly cleanly.. In order to help bones heal correctly correctly,, it is important that they are realigned. Broken bones can be put back into position by a doctor. doctor.  The bones are then immobilized immobilized with a plaster cast, so they can start to heal. Simple fractures usually take about 6 to 8 weeks to heal, although large bones take longer.

1

  Write T  (true)  (true) or F  (false).  (false). a. Bones br break eak because the theyy are rigid. b. Bones can repair themselves. c. The most common fracture is wh when en a bone br breaks eaks into fragments. d. Broken bones need to be real realigned igned before being iimmobilized. mmobilized. e. All fractur fractures es take about 6 to 8 weeks to heal. f. A fracture of the femur takes the s same ame time to heal as a fracture of the radius radius..

2

  Have you ever broken a bone or do you k know now someone who has? Complete the medical card. medical card Who broke a bone?

 

Which bone was it?

 

How did they break it?

 

How many weeks did it take to heal?

 

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 Your body 

 ASSESSMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Classify the words. forehead – hand – leg – abdomen – foot foo t – arm – thorax – back – face a. head ▶  b. trunk ▶  c. limbs ▶ 

2

  Label the diagram.

brain

 

lung   stomach

3

 

kidney

bone

muscle

  Draw two people and say how they are sim similar ilar or dif different. ferent.

a. sexual characteristics ▶  b. body constitution ▶  c. height ▶  d. personal traits ▶  10

Natural Science 3

Photocopiable Photocopiab le material © 2014 Santillana Educación Educación,, S.L. / Richmo Richmond nd Publishing

 

 ASSESSMENT 

4

  Complete the sentences. a. The life process of changes in the environment.

is the ability of living things to respond to

b. During the life proces process s of essential nutrients. c. The life process of new living things of their own kind.

5

living things take in food and absorb is the ability of all living things to produce

  Number the stages of nutrition in the correct or order der.. a. The nutrients ttravel ravel through our body and give us energy and the substances we need to grow grow.. b. We take in food. c. Our body exp expels els was waste. te. d. We absorb nut nutrients rients from the food that our body needs.

6

  Read and circle the correct description.

childhood

• Milk teeth fall out out,, and permanent tteeth eeth grow grow.. • A boy’ boy’s s voice gets deeper deeper..

adolescence

• The first stage of life. • Your body prepar prepares es to become an adult.

adulthood

old age

7

• Many c changes hanges take place. • We can have childr children. en. • Our bones become fragile. Our muscl muscles es are weaker weaker.. • We grow very rapidly.

  Write the four systems involved in nutrition.  

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 Your body 

 TEST 

Name

1

  The main parts of the body are the head, head, the trunk and the…

a.  thorax. 2

c. thighs.

b. brain.

c. lungs.

  Melanin protects your body body from… from…

a.  cold air air.. 4

b. limbs.

  To move your body, body, your muscles work together with your…

a.  bones. 3

Date

b. sunlight.

c. pain.

  Personal traits include…

a.  the colour of your eyes and hair. b.  your body constitution. c.  your height. 5

  During the process process of nutrition, nutrition, we first take take in food. Then, Then, …

a.  our body expels waste. b.  the nutrients travel through our body. c.  we absorb nutrients from the food. 6

  Thanks to reproducti reproduction, on, …

a.  we can have offspring. b.  our body can obtain nutrients. c.  our brain can respond to changes. 7

  We respond respond to changes changes in the environment through… through… a.  nutrition. b. constitution. 8

  Your milk teeth appear during…

a.  adolescence. 9

c. sensitivity.

b. childhood.

c. adulthood.

  During adolescence, adolescence, your…

a.  body and mind change a lot. b.  body is fully-developed. c.  skin develops wrinkles. 10  

Puberty is part of…

a.  adulthood. 12

Natural Science 3

b. old age.

c. adolescence. Photocopiable Photocopiab le material © 2014 Santillana Educación Educación,, S.L. / Richmo Richmond nd Publishing

 

 Your body  Name

1

INVESTIGATE

Date

  How much have you grown? Instructions 1. Work in smal smalll gr groups. oups. 2. Find out how long you were when you were born. 3. Take turns and measure your height today. 4.  4.  Make two bar charts. •

•

 At birth: Write these measurements measurements on the vertical axis: 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm and 70 cm. Write your names on the horizontal axis.  Today:  Today: Use the same format. Increase the measurements to 170 cm.

5.  5.  Compare your bar charts with other groups. a. Who was the longest baby?

b. Who is the tallest student? c. Is it the same classmate?

d. Who has grown the most?

e. How do you explain the answer to d?

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 Your senses REINFORCEMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Unscramble the words and label the diagram. siir

2

 

taneri

 

anceor

 

uplip

cpoti erevn

nesl

 

  Circle the ffive ive parts of the ear and complete the sentences.

a u d i t  o

 r y n

  v e  e  r

 c  e  a r

a n a l c o c h l e  a s  m a 

l  l   l b 

o  n 

e  s 

e a r d 

r  u m

  a. Sound vibrations go into the outer ear and along the b. The

.

vibrates.

c. The vibration of the eardrum moves the three d. The sound then goes to the

.

e. The cochlea sends the sound through the 14

Natural Science 3

.

to the brain.

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REINFORCEMENT 

3

  Read and complete complete the table. smell

4

5

 The sense organ is…

 

It allows you to capture or identify…

 

taste

touch

  Match the parts of the organs to their function. function.

a. taste buds

captures light

b. epithelium

capture flavours of food

c. touch receptors

captures sound

d. retina e. cochlea

distinguish hot or cold captures smells

  Label the diagram diagram of the nose.

nostrils

 

olfactory nerve

 

olfactory bulb

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nasal cavity

 

 

olfactory epithelium

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 Your senses EXTENSION

Name

Date

Guide dogs Guide dogs act as eyes for people who are blind.  They help blind people move from one place place to another. another. They can help a blind person cross the road, avoid obstacles or go to the shops. Guide dogs stay with their owners at all times. Most guide dogs are Labradors or Golden Retrievers. They receive special training starting when they are puppies. Then, they are assigned to a blind person. Guide dogs wear a harness to do their job. Guide dogs work approximately six years before they retire.

1

  Write T  (true)  (true) or F  (false).  (false). a. Guide dogs help people who cannot see. b. They sometimes leave their owners alone. c. Their harness is just for decoration. d. All breeds of dogs can be guide dogs. e. They have a limited working life.

2

  Complete the index card about guide dogs.

Guide dogs Job description:  description:  Most common breeds:  breeds:  Equipment:   Equipment:  Y  Years ears of service: service:  

16

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 Your senses EXTENSION

Name

Date

Sign language People with sight and hearing disabilities use different languages to communicate with other people. Sign language is a language that many deaf people use to communicate. Braille is a system of printing for blind people.

1

2

  Use the si sign gn alphabet. Learn to say your name with your hands. Take turns with a partner to spell out your name.

  Use the Braille alphabet. Punch out your name on a piece of card with the tip of a ballpoint pen. Learn to read it with your fingers. Exchange names with a partner partner..

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 Your senses  ASSESSMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Write the five sense organs. organs.

 

2

  Label the parts of the eye.

3

  Read and complete.

eyelids – optic nerve – pupil – brain – sight a. The eyes are the sense organs of

.

b. The

, eyelashes and eyebrows protect the eyes.

c. The

is the hole in the centre of the iris though which

light passes. d. When we see an object, the information is sent to the the 4

18

through

.

  Label the parts of the ear. ear.

Natural Science 3

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 ASSESSMENT 

5

  Circle the cor correct rect word. a. The pinna / cochlea captures the sound. b. The cochlea sends tthe he sound thr through ough the ear canal   // auditory  nerve  nerve to the brain. c. The brain interprets / vibrates the information.

6

  What part of your nose captures smells?  

7

  Complete the sentences. a. Touch is the of the objects around you.

which allows you to identify characteristics

b. The sense organ of touch is the

8

  Label the diagram of the skin.

9

  Write the corresponding sense organ. a. cochlea

10  

▶ 

.

d. iris

▶ 

b. nasal cavity ▶ 

e. pupil

▶ 

c. taste buds ▶ 

f. auditory nerve ▶ 

Give advice to look after your eyes and ears.  

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19

 

 Your senses  TEST 

Name

1

  We can only see if there is…

a.  light. 2

Date

b. sound.

c. colour.

  The eyes are…

a.  connected to the brain by the auditory nerve. b.  protected by the eyelids, the eyelashes and the eyebrows. c.  made up of three parts. 3

  The part of the ear ear that vibrates vibrates is the…

a.  eardrum. 4

c. brain.

b. the skin.

c. hair.

  The smell receptors are in the…

a.  olfactory epithelium. 7

b. inner ear ear..

  The sense organ of touch is…

a.  the finger. 6

c. pinna.

  The auditory auditory nerve takes takes the information to the…

a.  outer ear ear.. 5

b. cochlea.

 

b. olfactory bulb. 

c. nostrils.

Umami  is…  is…

a.  the most important taste bud. b.  the fourth basic flavour. c.  a flavour found in strong cheeses. 8

  You should not touch your eyes…

a.  in strong sunlight. b.  in the swimming pool. c.  with dirty hands. 9

  When using headphones, headphones, you should… should…

a.  keep the volume low. b.  keep the volume high. c.  turn off the sound. 10  

Doctors for children are called…

a.  podiatrists. 20

Natural Science 3

b. paediatricians.

c. physicians.

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 Your senses INVESTIGATE

Name

1

Date

  What happens when you can’ can’tt see what you are tasting? And when you can’ can’tt see or smell what you are tasting?

orange juice

mustard

mayonnaise

yoghurt pineapple juice

ketchup Instructions 1. Work with a partner. 2. Your partner wears a blindfold.

3. Dip a plastic spoon in one of the foods and let your partner partner taste it. 4. Ask your partner to identify the food. 5. Repeat the experiment in a different ord order er.. This time your partner holds their nose. 6. Can you identify the food? Complete the table with the results. T Take ake turns and compare the results.

food

blindfolded

blindfolded and holding your nose

 

pineapple juice

yes

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no

 

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Food and nutrients REINFORCEMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Use the co colour lour key and circle the wor words. ds. give us energy ▶ red

 

help us grow ▶ blue

 

keep us healthy ▶ green

 

sardines – yoghurt – grapes – eggs – rice – olive oil – pasta – bacon – milk – carrots – bread – butter – strawberries – lettuce – cheese

2

  Label the food wheel. Write carbohydra carbohydrates, tes, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins, water and exercise, and calcium.

3

  Why are water and exer exercise cise in the centre centre of the food wheel?

4

  Match and make corr correct ect sentences. a. A sufficient diet

gives you the right amount of nutrients.

b. A balanced diet

gives you the right amount of energy energy..

 

22

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REINFORCEMENT 

5

6

7

  Read and com complete plete the sentences. a. You need f

and c

for energy.

b. You need p

 to grow.

c. You need v

and m

d. Y Yo ou need f

for your digestive system to work well.

to be healthy.

  Look at the food. Circle the nutrients they g give ive you. proteins

fibre

carbohydrates

fibre

proteins

fats

minerals

carbohydrates

proteins

fats

vitamins

fibre

  Tick ( ✔ ) the correct sentence. a. Calcium is a mineral that m makes akes up our bones. b. Carbohydrates make up our bones.

8

  Circle the healthier food in each pair of w words. ords. oil / butter

cheese / milk   

sausages / chicken

 

grapes / biscuits  

croissant / bread

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tomato / pizza

   

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23

 

Food and nutrients EXTENSION

Name

Date

Pizza, glorious pizza! Pizza has been around for a long time!  The Romans, for example, ate flatbread flatbread made of flour and water water,, and topped it with olive oil and herbs. When tomatoes were introduced from the New World, the people of Naples, in Italy Italy,, added them to their pizzas. One day in 1889, Queen Margherita of Italy went to Naples and ordered a special lunch. The restaurant owner made a pizza with the colours of the Italian flag to honour the queen. He used tomatoes for red, mozzarella cheese for white and basil for green. The queen loved it, so the dish was named Pizza Margherita. Early in the 20th century  century,, Italian immigrants to New Y York ork City started to make a new version of pizza which became very popular all over the United States. T Today oday,, pizza is an international dish that can have many different toppings, such as tuna, mushrooms and olives.

1

  Read the text and answer the questions.

a. What ingredient did the people of Napl Naples es add to pizzas? b. What are th the e ingredients of Pizza Margherita? c. Why is it called Pizza Margher Margherita? ita? d. Where is pizza eaten today? e. What are some of the toppings pizza can have?

2

  Draw and write about about your favourite favourite pizza. pizza. My favourite pizza Name: Ingedients:

Main nutrients:

24

Natural Science 3

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24  

Food and nutrients EXTENSION

Name

Date

Food around the world

 All around the world, people enjoy enjoy food which varies according to culture, availability and even religion. Some foods can be quite unusual. For example, Eskimos eat whale blubber blubber,, Japanese people eat raw fish, Canadians eat reindeer meat, Indonesian people eat monkey toes, and people in Thailand eat insects! Food is not only important for nutrition. It is also part of many social celebrations. On New  Y  Year’ ear’s s Day Day,, people in China eat long noodles for long life. In other countries, countries, people eat green, leafy vegetables as a symbol of economic success because their green g reen leaves look like folded money. money. In other countries, co untries, people eat pulses, which look like little coins, and are also considered a symbol of money.  At weddings, Italians and Greeks Greeks serve sugar sugar-coated -coated almonds which, being both sweet and bitter, bitter, represent the highs and lows of marriage. T Traditional raditional wedding cakes in England contain fruits and nuts, symbols of fertility and good fortune.

1

  Circle the cor correct rect words. a. Based on weather / culture, people eat different foods around the world. b. Reindeer meat / Raw fish is an unusual food eaten in Canada. c. An unusual food eaten in Thailand is insects / monkey toes. d. Foods like rein reindeer deer meat and in insects sects mainly pr provide ovide carbohydrates / proteins. e. In England, fruits and nuts are symbols of fertility / prosperity  and  and good fortune.

2

  Search the Internet for oth other er foods for special celebrations. Then, complete the table. country

celebration

food

symbolic of

 

Natural Science 3

 

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25

 

Food and nutrients  ASSESSMENT 

Name

1

2

Date

  Read the s sentences entences and match. a. This helps our digestive system work correctly.

carbohydrates and fats

b. We need them to grow.

fibre

c. We need them to stay healthy.

proteins

d. They give us energy.

vitamins and minerals

  Is this a healthy breakfast? Ex Explain. plain.  

3

  Circle the ffoods oods you shoul should d eat every day day..

4

  What nutrients does each of these foods contain? a. yoghurt ▶  d. green peppers ▶ 

5

b. olive oil ▶ 

e. lentils

▶ 

c. bread

f. pasta

▶ 

▶ 

  Cross out the odd food in each food group.  A

Natural Science 3

B

C

26

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 ASSESSMENT 

6

  How much should you eat? Wr Write ite  more or  less. a. If you are overweight, you should eat

.

b. If you ar are e underweight, you should eat

.

c. If you do a lot of exercise, you should eat

.

d. If you are old, you should eat

.

e. If you are young, you should eat

7

.

  Find and circle fou fourr nutrients. Then, write. r

x

p

v

d

s

m

z

s

o

g

i

l

a

i

v

p

r

o

t

e

i

n

s

g

s

w

a

e

t

e

b

f

k

t

m

x

y

r

p

y

i

p

i

a

n

a

j

r

t

a

n

q

d

l

w

f

a

t

s

l

c

s

o

  • Which main nutrient is missing from the wor word d search?  

8

  Cross out the least healthy food for each meal. W Write rite a healthier option. a. Breakfast: oran orange ge juice, toast, cereal, a piece of cake.   b. Lunch: sal salad, ad, chicken, chips, peas.   c. Dinner: a hambur hamburger ger,, carrot soup, an omelette, fish.  

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Food and nutrients  TEST 

Name

1

  Carbohydrates and fats ar are e examples of… a. a.   proteins.

2

Date

b.  nutrients. b.

c.  minerals. c.

  Proteins are found in… a. a.   meat, fish and eggs. b.  b.  fruit and vegetables. c. c.   bread, potatoes, rice and pasta.

3

  Calcium… a. a.   is a very important protein. b.  b.  makes up your bones and helps you to grow. c. c.   provides your body with energy.

4

  A diet that gives you the right amount o off nutrients is… a. a.   sufficient.

5

b.  active. b.

c.  balanced. c.

  Your body obtains vitamins, mi minerals nerals and fibre fr from… om… a. a.   fruit and vegetables. b.  b.  meat, fish and pulses. c. c.   brown sugar, oil and butter.

6

  Dairy products include… a. a.   bread and sugar.

7

b.  b. milk and yoghurt.

c. c.  bacon and eggs.

  Wholegrain foods ar are e healthier because they… a. a.   contain fibre. b.  b.  are grown on special farms. c. c.   are made with healthy oils.

8

  Your daily diet should include three… a. a.   pieces of fruit.

9

b.  b. snacks.

c. processed foods. c. 

b.  b. four meals a day day..

c. c.  five meals a day.

  You should eat… a. a.   three meals a day day..

10  

Experts think the Mediterranean diet is… a. a.   not traditional.

b.  b. very healthy.

c. c.  too oily.

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Food and nutrients INVESTIGATE

Name

1

Date

  Which foods contain fat? Instructions 1. In pairs, select five or six dif different ferent foods, for example, an apple, chips, a banana, biscuits, a carrot, bread or cheese. Cut them into pieces. 2. Cut some brown wrappin wrapping g paper into five 10 cm squares. 3. Rub a piece of each food on a squar square e until it leaves a mark. Label the squares and allow them to dry. 4. When dry dry,, hold the squares agains againstt the light. If there is a greasy spot, the food contains fat. Measure the diameter of each grease spot with a ruler. The size of the grease spot tells us how much fat there is in the food. 5. Complete the table. food

diameter of grease spot

 

6. Analyse your rresults esults and ans answer wer the questions.  

a. Which food leaves the biggest grease spot? b. Which is the food with the least fat? c. Which is the food with the most fat?

fat

no fat

 

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Keeping healthy 

REINFORCEMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Complete the sentences about healthy habits. clean – sleep – posture – diet – exercise a. Get enough

.

b. Keep your body

.

c. Do regular

.

d. Eat a healthy and balanced e. Have good

2

to look after your back.

  Circle the healthy habits.  A

D

3

.

B

C

E

F

  Read these sentences about doing exercise. W Write rite T  (true)  (true) or F  (false).  (false). a. Exercise makes you more flexible. b. Team sports are not as he healthy althy as individual sports. c. Exercise makes your muscles and bones stronger stronger.. d. By practising a team sport you learn to work in a gr group. oup. e. Swimming is not very good for your lun lungs gs and heart.

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REINFORCEMENT 

4

5

  Match the methods of preserving foods to the definitions.

a. cooling

It helps to eliminate organisms that spoil food.

b. adding preservati preservatives ves

You preserve food in the fridge or freezer to make it last longer.

c. heating

Some substances are added to foods so they do not go off.

  Which of these foo foods ds are fresh and which are pro processed? cessed? Classify Classify..

processed

6

fresh

  Write two sentences in the cor correct rect order order..

hygiene

 

Food

is

 

to

 

prevent

 

 

illness

essential

 

a. ill

 

make

Dirty

 

food

 

can

 

you

 

b. 7

  Use the code and find out a healthy habit.

   A

≈   C

∩   D

∪   E

∼

♦  M

∧   N

∨   O

♠   R

∅   S ∗   T

•

5

5

5

5

 ≈◊⊃⊂∩♠∪∧ 

5

5

∧∪∪∩

5

5

∗∨

 F

5

5

♣   G 5

5

∅⊂∪∪★ 

◊   H

⊃   I

⊂   L

★ 

 P

♥   U

≅   V

∴   W

∆

 Y 

5

5

∗∪∧

5

5

5

◊∨♥♠∅

5

•

5

5

∩• ∆

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Keeping healthy  Name

EXTENSION

Date

Sleeping and dreaming Sleep is very important for keeping healthy healthy.. When we sleep enough we can pay better attention at school, be in a good mood and solve problems more efficiently. Children need to sleep ten hours a night. Everybody dreams every night. In one night, we can have four to seven dreams.  The things we dream about can can be related to our friends and family f amily,, our favourite TV shows, or something we are happy or worried about. We do not always remember our dreams. We forget most of our dreams when we wake up.  Animals dream, dream, too. Have you ever watched a dog while it is sleeping? Dogs move their their paws when they sleep like they are running.

1

  Put the words in order to make sentences. Then, find and underline these sentences in the text. a. hours / to sleep / need / a night / ten / Childr Children. en.

b. dreams / In one night, / four to seven / h have ave / can / we.   c. always / We / our / do / dreams / not / remember remember..   2

  Koalas sleep 22 ho hours urs a day! Sear Search ch the Internet and find how many hour hours s your favourite animal sleeps.  

3

  Keep a dream journal for a week. Write your dreams and share them with your classmates.

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Keeping healthy  Name

EXTENSION

Date

 Visiting an art museum One great option for a leisure activity is visiting an art museum.  Art museums display display paintings and sculptures. Most famous art museums are located in big cities. The Prado Museum is in Madrid. The Louvre Museum is in Paris. The Tate Gallery is in London. The Museum of Modern Art is in New York.  Art museums look after their paintings carefully because they are of great historical and cultural interest. Many paintings are hundreds of years old. Many people work in art museums. The director runs the art museum and is in charge of all the employees. Art restorers repair damaged paintings so that they are in perfect condition. Security guards protect the paintings which are displayed in the museums.

1

  Read the text and answer the questions.

a. What is an art museum?   b. Why do art mus museums eums look after their paintings?   c. What does an art restorer do?   d. What does a secur security ity guard do iin n an art mus museum? eum?   e. Think of an art m museum useum you have visited. What type of paintings paintings did you see see? ?  

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Keeping healthy 

 ASSESSMENT 

Name

Date

1

  Who is looking after their health? W Write rite  H  (healthy)  (healthy) or N  (not  (not healthy).

2

  Tick ( ✔ ) the good posture.

3

  Match to make sentences about healthy habits.

4

a. We need to exercise

our backs.

b. We must eat

enough water.

c. We need to look after

hours of sleep a night.

d. We need ten

regularly.

e. We must drink

a healthy and balanced diet.

  Complete the sentences with the correct words. energy – rest – healthy – tired – ill – recover – sleep a. After a busy day day,, we feel

.

b. Sleep keeps our body

and gives it

c. Sleep also helps us to

.

d. Children need to e. People who sleep badly get f. We need to

ten hours a day day.. . after a long day day..

.

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 ASSESSMENT 

5

  Give two ex examples amples of natural foods and two of processed foods. a. natural foods

▶ 

b. processed foods ▶ 

6

  What stages does the food go through? Complete the words and match.  A

f

7

B

i

C

s

p

  Read the sentences and w write rite T  (true)  (true) or F  (false).  (false). Then, correct the false sentences. a. Playing electronic games is a leis leisure ure activity activity.. b. Physical exer exercise cise is not good for you yourr heart. c. You must brush your teeth after every meal to avoid tooth decay. decay. d. You must wash your hands only once a day day.. e. Pulses and cereals need pr preserving. eserving. f. Heating, cooling and adding preservatives are m methods ethods to preserve food.

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Keeping healthy 

 TEST 

Name

1

  Physical exer exercise cise is good for your… a. a.   body.

2

Date

b.  mind. b.

c.  body and mind. c.

  When you are sitting or walking, … a. a.   you should keep your back straight. b.  b.  do not carry weight. c. c.   remember to keep quiet.

3

  Hygiene m means eans keeping your body… a. a.   rested.

4

c.  clean. c.

  You should brush your teeth for about… a. a.   thirty seconds.

5

b.  straight. b.

b.  b. two minutes.

c. c.  five minutes.

  For good food hygiene, it is important to… a. a.   wash your hands before every meal. b.  b.  eat natural foods at every meal. c. c.   eat quickly at every meal.

6

  Foods that do not need preserving include… a. a.   pulses.

7

b. meat. b. 

c. frozen foods. c. 

  Heating… a. a.   is called refrigeration. b.  b.  means adding preservatives. c. c.   helps to eliminate organisms that spoil food.

8

  Leisure activities are things we do… a. a.   in our free time.

9

b.  b. at school.

c. c.  at work.

  Electronic games can be educational… a. a.   so we should play them all the time. b.  b.  but we should do other activities as well. c. c.   but we should never play them.

10  

Children need to sleep… a. a.   six hours a day.

b.  b. eight hours a day.

c. c.  ten hours a day.

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Keeping healthy 

INVESTIGATE

Name

Date

Food and teeth

Egg shell is very similar to tooth enamel. We can use it to see how different liquids can damage tooth enamel.

Instructions

1. Work in groups. 2. Each group has 3 pieces of clean egg shell, 3 jar jars, s, water, water, some lemon juice and some cola drink. 3. Put a piece of egg shell in a jar with water water,, another in a jar with lemon juice juice and another in a jar with the cola drink. 4. Label the three jars. 5. Leave them on a shelf for a week and observe how the pieces of shell change. 6. Complete the table. water

Does the colour change?

 

 Are there any stains? stains?

 

Is the piece of shell weaker?

 

lemon juice

7. Compare th the e results and answer the questions.  

a. Which shell changed colour the most?   b. Which shell was the most damaged?   c. Do you think these liquids would affect your teeth in the same way?  

cola drink  

 

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Natural Science 3

 

 Animals REINFORCEMENT 

Name

1

2

Date

  Read the definitions and match. a. These animals eat plants.

scavengers

b. These animals eat meat.

omnivores

c. These animals feed on dead animals.

carnivores

d. These animals eat animals and plants.

decomposers

e. These animals feed on decaying matter matter..

herbivores

  Classify the vertebrates.

mammals

3

birds

fish

reptiles

amphibians

  Complete the table.

  mammals body covering

 

reproduction

 

breathing

 

birds

fish

reptiles

amphibians

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REINFORCEMENT 

4

  Find five vertebrates. Then, complete. complete.

d

e

j

m

q

a

k

t

o

c

h

a

m

e

l

e

o

n

e

j

m

i

o

i

h

r

n

h

l

x

a

s

z

c

t

l

i

g

u

a

n

a

u

o

o

r

u

e

j

m

r

b

i

p

u

z

b

c

v

d

u

s

e

i

a

i

s

n

a

k

e

e

 These animals are are all r

5

.

  Match the bird group group to the examples. examples.

a. flightless bird

duck 

b. waterfowl

eagle canary

c. bird of prey

penguin

d. songbird

6

 

  Look at the pictures and and answer the questions.

▶

a. What process is tthis? his? b. What animals undergo this process? c. What ar are e the babies called?

▶

▶

 

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Natural Science 3

 

 Animals EXTENSION

Name

Date

 Animal talk 

 Animals do not talk like people, but they still still communicate with each other other.. For example, birds sing and chirp, dogs bark, cats meow and lions roar roar..  The blue whale is not only the largest animal animal on Earth, but also the loudest. Blue whales emit very loud and repetitive sounds that travel many kilometres underwater. underwater. The call of a blue whale can reach up to 188 decibels. This is much louder than a jet engine, which is about 140 decibels. Human shouting is 70 decibels. Sounds over 120 decibels are painful to our ears.

1

  Read and write T (true) or F  (false).  (false). Then, correct the false sentences.

a. Blue whales ar are e the largest and loudest animals on Earth. b. Their sounds can be hear heard d from very far away away.. c. A decibel is a unit for measuring di distance. stance. d. The sound of a jet engine is louder than the ca callll of a blue whale. e. Blue whale sounds can be painful to our ears.

2

  Use the code code to find out out how animals communicate. •

tr♥mp∪t  

   A 5

∪ 

 E

5

ch•tt∪r  

⊃ 

 I

5

∨ 

 O

5

q♥•ck   

♥ 

 U

5

ch⊃rp  

h⊃ss  

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 Animals EXTENSION

Name

Date

How animals protect themselves from the cold During the winter, winter, the days get shorter and the temperatures drop. So, animals need to protect themselves from the cold. Some animals, such as rabbits, dogs, cats and polar bears, grow thicker fur to keep themselves warm. Some animals hibernate. This means they sleep during the coldest months of the year. For example, squirrels, bears, turtles, bats and frogs hibernate and sleep all winter. Some animals migrate. This means they travel long distances to find warmer climates. For example, storks, antelopes, whales, swallows and ducks migrate.

1

  Write a definition for these words.

Hibernate:

Migrate:

2

  Use the colour colour key and circle the illustrations.

migrate ▶ blue

 

hibernate ▶ red

 

 

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Natural Science 3

 

 Animals  ASSESSMENT 

Name

Date

1

  Write the five groups of vertebrate animals.

2

  What gr group oup do these animals belong to?  A

3

B

C

D

E

  Tick ( ✔ ) the correct options.  All mammals: a. have bones.

b. drink their mother’ mother’s s milk.

c. are born from their mother’ mother’s s womb.

d. can walk when they are born.

4

  Write an example o off each type of animal. marine mammal

5

flying mammal

  Read and circle the mistakes. Then, write the corr correct ect words. Reptiles are viviparous animals. They breathe through gills.  Their skin is covered with with hair hair.. Most of them live on land and slither slither..  

primate

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 ASSESSMENT 

6

7

  Complete the sentences with Fish or  Amphibians.

a.

have bare skin.

b.

breathe only through gills.

c.

breathe through lungs and their skin.

  Circle the word related to birds in each pair pair..

animals – plants

vertebrate – invertebrate

 

wings – fins 8

 

feathers – fur

oviparous – viviparous

  What animal is it? This animal is different when it is young and when it is an adult. When it is born, it lives in water, water, breathes through gills and has a tail. When it is an adult, it can live on land, it breathes using lungs and has legs.

It is a 9

.

  Write the name of two animals which match the descriptions. descriptions.

a. They br breathe eathe thr through ough lun lungs. gs. ▶

10  

b. They br breathe eathe thr through ough gills.

▶

c. They have scales.

▶

d. They move using fins fins..

▶

Complete the table. mammals

 They bre breathe athe thr through… ough…

 

 Their body is covered with…

 

 They move using…  

 Their reproduction reproduction is…

 

reptiles

birds

fish

 

amphibians

 

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Natural Science 3

 

 Animals  TEST 

Name

1

  Through the process of nutrition, animals obtain… a. energy energy..

2

b. information.

c. offspring.

  Animals that feed on dead animals ar are… e… a. herbivores.

3

Date

b. vertebrates.

c. scavengers.

  Carnivores… a. feed on decaying plant and animal matter matter.. b. eat other animals. c. eat food of plant and animal origin.

4

  According to their type of reproduction, animals can be… a. oviparous or viviparous.

5

c. aquatic or terrestrial.

b. legs.

c. an exoskeleton.

  All vertebrates have… a. a spinal column.

6

b. mammals or birds.

  Mammals are viviparous because… a. they like milk. b. they are born from their mother’s womb. c. they breathe air through their lungs lungs..

7

  Dolphins and w whales hales are… a. cetaceans.

8

b. fish.

c. oviparous.

  All birds are oviparou oviparous. s. This means that they… a. can sing to communicate. b. have got webbed feet. c. are born from eggs.

9

  Lizards, snakes, croco crocodiles diles and tortoises ar are… e… a. invertebrates.

10  

b. reptiles.

Fish are… a. aquatic vertebrates that breathe thr through ough lungs. b. aquatic vertebrates that breathe through gills. c. aquatic invertebrates with bare skin.

c. carnivores.

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 Animals INVESTIGATE

Name

1

Date

  How can you classify animals? Make an index card.

Instructions 1. Work in groups of four. 2. Search the Internet for information about an exotic animal. Draw the animal or print out photographs and glue them onto separate pieces of card. 3. On the back of each card, write about your animal.

 Animal name:

Habitat:   Habitat:  Vertebrate / Invertebrate Food:   Food: Reproduction:  Reproduction:  Body covering:  covering:  Movement:  Movement: 

4. Play Guess the animal  with  with a partner, using the information on the back of your cards.

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Invertebrates REINFORCEMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Write the gr groups oups of invertebrates. Then, match them to the correct pictures. pictures.

a. They are simple aquati aquatic c invertebrates. They live attached to rocks. rocks. Their bodies are full of pores and are sac-shaped.  They are

.

b. They have got poisonous tentacles and jelly jelly-like -like bodies. Jellyfish are in this this group.  They are

.

c. They have got long, soft b bodies odies and no legs. Thy live in soil, in water or inside oth other er bodies.  They are

.

d. Mussels, octopuses, squid squids s and snails are in tthis his group of invertebrates.  They are

.

e. They are marine anim animals. als. Their skeleton is made of hard hard plates. Starfish and sea urchins are in this group.  They are

.

f. They have got an articulated ex exoskeleton oskeleton made up of ex external ternal plates. Insects, arachnids, crustaceans and myriapods are in this group.  They are

2

.

  Circle the cor correct rect word. Invertebrates haven’t got a skeleton / spinal column.

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REINFORCEMENT 

3

  Circle the correct words.

a. Worms, insects and spiders a are re vertebrates / invertebrates. invertebrates. b. Mussels have got got shells  shells / exoskeletons. exoskeletons. c. Crabs have got got hard  hard / soft  exoskeletons.  exoskeletons. d. Jellyfish and earthworms earthworms have  have got / haven’t got  a  a hard covering. 4

1

  Complete the crossword about insects.

2 3

4

5

6 DOWN

5

ACROSS

smell. ell. 1.  These parts help insects feel and sm

4.  This part contains wings and legs.

hatch ch fr from om eggs. 2.  These hat

5.  This part is divided into segments.

six x legs. 3.  Invertebrates with si

6.  Insects fly with these.

  Complete the sentences sentences about about molluscs.

Molluscs have got

bodies. Most of them have got one or two to protect their bodies.

Most of them are

, like clams, but some are

like snails and slugs. 6

  Write one or two two examples examples of each. each.

 

a. molluscs tthat hat have got two s shells hells b. molluscs that have got a single shell  c. molluscs that have got lim limbs bs with s suction uction cups 

,

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Invertebrates EXTENSION

Name

Date

Head-foot

Cephalopods are animals such as squids, octopuses and cuttlefish.  These sea creatures creatures are unusual becau because se their feet, which are actually long tentacles, surround their mouth and are attached to their heads. Cephalopod means head-foot. Did you know that the octopus is one of the most intelligent of all the invertebrates in the marine world? Octopuses also have excellent eyesight, although they cannot hear hear..  An octopus’s octopus’s soft body looks like a large bag. It lives on the ocean floor, floor, and its eight tentacles help it to move about and catch food. An octopus moves by jet propulsion: it sucks water in, then squirts it out of its head so fast that it moves through the water! Octopuses protect themselves in two ways. They squirt dark ink which blinds their enemies so they have time to escape. They also change the colour of their skin so that they blend in with their surroundings. This helps them hide from their enemies.

1

  Unscramble the words and find some examples of cephalopods.

  a.

2

dsuisq

shuctitlfe b.

otcpuoses c.

  Write T  (true)  (true) or F   (false). (false). Then, correct the false sentences.

a. The octopus is one of the most intelli intelligent gent invertebrates in the sea. b. Cephalopod means head-legs. c. Octopuses move by jet propulsion. d. Octopuses have an excellent sense of hear hearing. ing. e. Octopuses have five tentacles.

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Invertebrates Name

EXTENSION

Date

Honey bees Honey bees are flying insects that form fo rm colonies and live in beehives. They work together for the good of the community community,, and each bee belongs to a specialized group according to its work.

foto abeja

In a beehive, there is one queen whose role is to lay eggs to produce new bees. Drones are male bees that mate with the queen. Worker bees are the most numerous group. When they are young, they stay in the beehive to look after it and defend it. When they are older, older, they fly o outside utside to collect nectar and pollen from flowers to make honey for their food. They are able to indicate to other bees where to find pollen by performing a special dance. Bees are necessary for plant reproduction because they transport pollen from one plant to another.. They can visit over 2,000 flowers in a day! another

1

  Read the text and answer the questions.

a. What is a beehive?

  b. How many queens are ther there e in a beehive?

  c. What are drones?

  d. What bees ar are e in charge of collectin collecting g pollen and nectar?

  e. Why are bees important for plant rreproduction? eproduction?

 

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Invertebrates  ASSESSMENT 

Name

1

Date

  What do all invertebr invertebrates ates have in common?

  2

  Look at the illustratio illustrations ns and match.  A 

mollusc

D

arthropod

B

cnidarian

E

worm

sponge C

F

echinoderm

3

  Circle the correc correctt word. Th Then, en, write the se sentences. ntences.

a. Jellyfish have tentacles /  legs. Their bodies look like  jelly   //  rocks.

  b. Worms have  soft   //  hard  bodies.  bodies. They are  short   //  long.

  c. Molluscs have  hard  /  /  soft  bodies.  bodies. They usually have  shells /  scales.

  d. Spiders have eight   //  six  legs.  legs.

 

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 ASSESSMENT 

4

  Label the parts of the fly fly..

5

  Number the illustrations in order. order.

 A

6

B

C

D

  Write T  (true)  (true) or F  (false).  (false). a. Echinoderms live attached to rocks.  b. Sponges can live on land and in water water..  c. Jellyfish have poisonous tentacles.  d. All worms are aquatic. 

7

  Write the group of arthropods these invertebrates belong to.  A

B

 

C

D

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Invertebrates  TEST 

Name

1

Date

  Invertebrate animals… a. always live in warm places with high humidity humidity.. b. haven’t got a spinal column. c. have got long, soft bodies with no legs.

2

  Sponges are… a. vertebrate animals that llive ive in the sea. b. aquatic invertebrates that live attached to rocks. c. marine arthropods.

3

  Jellyfish are… a. sponges.

4

c. cnidarians.

b. the soil.

c. trees.

  Earthworms live in… a. the sea.

5

b. vertebrates.

  Molluscs… a. are oviparous invertebr invertebrates ates with soft bodies. b. can only live attached to rocks in the sea. c. have got very bright colours.

6

  Starfish and sea urchins are… a. arachnids.

7

c. arthropods.

  Insects, arachnids, crustaceans and myriapods ar are e all… a. arthropods.

8

b. echinoderms.

b. vertebrates.

c. herbivores.

  Arthropods have got… a. many legs. b. an articulated exoskeleton. c. wings.

9

  Insects’ bodies are divided into… a. head, thorax and abdomen. b. antennae, legs and wings. c. head, trunk and limbs.

10  

Spiders have got… a. ten legs.

b. eight legs.

c. six legs.

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Invertebrates INVESTIGATE

Name

1

Date

  Where do live arthropods? Find them!

Instructions 1. Look for small invertebrate animals that live near your school. Identify them and and write down their names in the table below. 2. Some of them can bite or sting you, so don’t touch touch them. Instead, search the the Internet for pictures of them. 3. Complete the table with th their eir characteris characteristics. tics. name

 

legs

 

antennae

 

articulated body

 

wings

 

head, thorax and abdomen

 

exoskeleton

 

other body protection

 

4. Classify your arthr arthropods opods according to their characterist characteristics. ics. a. insects ▶  b. arachnids ▶  c. crustaceans ▶  d. myriapods ▶ 

 

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Natural Science 3

 

 Animals and people

REINFORCEMENT 

Name

Date

1

  Circle the foods that come fro from m animals.

2

  What materials do we obtain from these animals? W What hat things can we make with them? a. Sheep give us

.

b. Cows give us

.

We can make

.

. We can make

.

.

c. Silkworms give us

3

We can make

  Find seven animals that can be used for transport. Then, write. o

x

q

e

t

s

d

a  

4

i

p

o

t

v

d

o

g

e

l

e

p

h

a

n

t

a

l

y

m

l

d

k

e

n

a

h

o

r

s

e

v

m

m

w

d

a

o

y

b

c

a

m

e

l

e

g

a

r

e

i

n

d

e

e

r

  Which things can you use ffor or birdwatching? Colour the w words. ords. radio

 

binoculars

 

motorbike

 

telescope

 

rope

 

field guide

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REINFORCEMENT 

5

  Complete the sentences. extensive – raise – intensive – livestock  a. Farmers called

6

animals for their meat, milk, eggs or skins. This is farming.

b. In

farming, animals live in the open and eat grass.

c. In

farming, animals live fenced in and farmers feed them.

  What kind of livestock farming is it?

7

  Match the animals to the types o off livestock. poultry cattle sheep pigs goats

 

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Natural Science 3

 

 Animals and people Name

EXTENSION

Date

The Chinese calendar

 The Chinese calendar is based on the phases of the Moon. The Chinese New Year is not always on the same date: it begins between the end of January and the middle of February.  The Chinese calendar follows a 12-year pattern. Each year is named after an animal. According to legend, Buddha invited all of the animals to join him for a New Year’s celebration, but only 12 animals appeared.  T  To o reward these an animals, imals, Buddha named a year after each one. The first year was the Y Year ear of the Rat. The second year was the Y Year ear of the Ox. This was followed by the Y Year ear of the Tiger, and the years of the Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog and finally, the Pig. According to Chinese tradition, people have the characteristics of the animal of the year when they were born.

1

  Search the Internet to find the anim animal al of this year’ year’s s Chinese calendar calendar.. Find and write a list of this animal’ a nimal’s s characteristics.  

2

  Look at the calendar calendar.. In which year wer were e you born? Which animal rrepresents epresents that year? Find out and write the characteristics you share with this animal.  

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 Animals and people

EXTENSION

Name

Date

Groundhog Day  Groundhog Day is a holiday celebrated each year on the 2nd February, in the United States of America and Canada. In the States, thousands of people go to Punxsutawney,, Pennsylvania, to see this Punxsutawney event. On this date, a special groundhog, called Phil, comes out of his burrow after hibernating all winter winter.. Groundhog Phil predicts the weather for the rest of the winter.. According to tradition, if it is sunny winter on the 2nd February and the groundhog sees its shadow, it returns to its burrow.  This means that winter weather weather will continue for six moredoesn’t weeks. see If it is and the groundhog itscloudy shadow, it means that spring weather will arrive soon.

1

2

  Match these words from from the text to their definitions.

a. groundhog

forecast

b. burrow

be in a dormant condition in the winter months

c. hibernate

a dark shape produced when light is blocked

d. predict

a small, brown, furry animal with short legs

e. shadow

a hole or tunnel in the ground where a small animal lives

  Read and write T  (true)  (true) or F   (false). (false). Then, correct the false sentences.

a. Groundhogs hibernate in winter winter.. b. On Groundhog Day Day,, a groundhog predicts the weather for summer. summer. c. If the groundhog sees its sha shadow, dow, it mean means s the end of winter winter..

 

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Natural Science 3

 

 Animals and people

 ASSESSMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Write the benefits we o obtain btain from these animals.

a. sheep b. cows c. bees d. silkworms e. pigs f. chickens 2

  Look and match.

intensive farming

extensive farming  

3

  Read and com complete plete the sentences.

B

is the farming of bees to obtain h

P

is the farming of fish for food.

and wax.

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 ASSESSMENT 

4

  Complete the sentences about sheep farming. a. A mal ale e shee sheep p is a: r b. A baby sheep is a: l

.  

.

c. A fe fema malle sh shee eep p is a: e

.

d. A person wh who o takes car care e of sheep is a: s  

.

e. S means to cut off a sheep’s wool. f. The place where sheep are kept at night is a: p   .

5

  Read and write T  (true)  (true) or F  (false).  (false). a. Leather is made by ttanning anning animal skins. b. Livestock farming means anim animal al farming. c. There ar are e only two types of lilivestock vestock farming: cattle an and d sheep. d. Birdwatchi Birdwatching ng is a hobby.

6

  Draw some farm animals. Write which things we obtain from them.

 

 

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Natural Science 3

 

 Animals and people

 TEST 

Name

1

Date

  These days, a llot ot of food food from animals is obtained… a. by keeping bees in beehives. b. by hunting wild animals. c. by livestock farming and fishing.

2

  The two types of animal farming are… a. livestock and extensive farmin farming. g. b. extensive and intensive farming. c. intensive and livestock farmin farming. g.

3

  From anim animals, als, people obtain materials for clothing such as… a. wool, leather and silk. b. leather, plastic and iron. c. cotton, hemp and silk.

4

  Leather is made… a. with animal skins. b. with milk, eggs and honey. c. with animal hairs.

5

  Common types of livestock ar are… e… a. insects and myriapods. b. cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and poultry poultry.. c. cows, sheep, pigs, sharks and insect insects. s.

6

  Beekeeping is the farming of bees in or order der to obtain… a. meat and honey honey..

7

b. intensive farming.

c. zoologists.

  People who vaccinate animals to prevent illnesses are… a. shepherds.

9

c. wool and wax.

  Most poultry is raised by… a. extensive farming.

8

b. honey and wax.

b. farmers.

c. vets.

  When wool is cut of offf a sheep, w we e call it… a. shearing.

10  

b. herds.

c. flock.

Books that help you to identify differ different ent types of animals ar are e called… a. dictionaries.

b. binoculars.

c. field guides.

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 Animals and people

INVESTIGATE

Name

Date

Egg labels

Look closely at an egg box next time you buy some eggs. You You can find a number which indicates the method of production: 0 = organic egg production. The indoor space is 1 m 2 for 6 hens. The outdoor space is 4 m 2 for each hen. Hens eat freely outside. 1 = free-range eggs. The indoor space is 1 m 2 for 9 hens.  The outdoor space is 4 m2 for each hen. 2 = indoor farming. The indoor space is 1 m 2 for 9 hens.  The hens are not kept in cages. 3 = cage farming. The indoor space is 1 m 2 for 18 hens.  The hens are kept in cages.

1

  In your notebook, draw squares for each each method of producing producing hens. Draw the hens inside. Add the outdoor space where it corresponds. corresponds. Then, answer the questions.

a. Which hens live in the most crowded space? b. Which hens can spend time outside? 2

  Look at the prices of of different different eggs in a supermarket supermarket and write them. 0:  1:  2:  3: 

a. Which eggs are the most expen expensive? sive?

b. Which eggs are the cheapest?

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Plants REINFORCEMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Read and write tree,  bush or  grass. Then, match. a. A

has a short, woody stem.

b.

have a soft, flexible stem.

c. A

2

3

has a thick, woody stem called a trunk.

  Read and complete the words. a. They grow from the stems and branches.

a

b. They fix the plant to the ground.

o

c. They can be woody or soft.

e

  Unscramble the words and label the diagram. taple

epsal  

4

isptil  

 

  Complete the sentences. Write  male or female.  The pistil is the  The stamens are the the

mestan

part of the flower flower.. parts of the flower flower..

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REINFORCEMENT 

5

  Complete the sentences about the stages of reproduction o off a plant. Then, write  a,  b, c or d  next  next to the drawings. germinates – seeds – pistil – stamens

a. Pollen is formed in the b. A grain of pollen reaches the of another flower.

.

c. The ovary matures and turns into fruit. The fruit contains the . d. When a se seed ed falls to the ground, it and a new plant grows.

6

  What do plants need to gr grow? ow? Label the drawing.

s

c d

m w

s

7

  Read and match.  

mosses and ferns

 a angiosperms ngiosperms and gymnosperms

flowering plants non-flowering plants

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Plants EXTENSION

Name

Date

Floral emblems

Many countries have a flower or a plant as a national symbol. In some countries, there are also floral emblems for each region. Floral emblems are usually plants that grow in abundance in the country. country. The four countries that make up Great Britain each have their own floral emblem.

 The national flower of England is the rose.

 The national flower of Northern Ireland is the shamrock.

1

 The national flower of Scotland is the thistle.

 The national flower of Wales is the daffodil.

  Read the text and answer the questions.

a. What are floral em emblems? blems?  

b. What is tthe he floral embl emblem em of England?   c. Does your country have a floral emblem?   d. What flower would you llike ike as the floral em emblem blem of your rregion? egion?   e. Describe your flor floral al em emblem. blem.  

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Plants

EXTENSION

Name

Date

The Venus flytrap  The Venus Venus flytrap is a small, carnivor carnivorous ous plant. Its sweet-scented leaves attract insects.  These leaves open and close like jaws to capture capture insects. When the plant is touched, sensitive hairs on the inside of the leaves send signals to the plant. So, when an insect touches one of these hairs, the leaves snap shut. The plant then slowly digests the trapped insect. After about a week, all that is left of the insect is its hard exoskeleton.  The Venus Venus flytrap can live in soils with a low mineral content because it obtains obtains minerals from the insects it captures.

1

  Read and write T  (true)  (true) or F   (false). (false). Then, correct the false sentences.

a. The V Venus enus flytrap is a carnivor carnivorous ous plant. b. The plant’ plant’s s beautiful flowers attract insect insects. s. c. Sensitive hairs send signals to the plant. d. The V Venus enus flytrap obtains minerals from insects. e. A V Venus enus flytrap takes about a month to digest an insect.

2

  Search the Internet for carnivorous carnivorous plants. Choose Choose one and complete the index card.

Name:

Where does it grow?

 

What animals does it trap?   How does it get nutrients?

 

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Plants  ASSESSMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Label the plant. Then, answer the question.

• Is the stem of this plant woody or herbaceous? Explain.  

2

  Label the parts parts of the leaf. leaf. Then, read read and tick ( ✓ ).

a. Classify the leaf accordi according ng to the edge. smooth

lobed

jagged

b. Classify the leaf according to the shap shape. e. palmate

3

heart-shaped

needle-shaped

  Read and complete.

ferns – gymnosperms – rhizoids – seeds – angiosperms – flowers – mosses Flowering plants produce groups are

with , like apple trees, and

and of mosses are called

. The two main , like pine trees.

are non-flowering plants. The roots .

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 ASSESSMENT 

4

  Read and complete the text about plant plant nutrition.

carbon dioxide – photosynthesis – roots – raw sap water – sunlight – elaborated sap – mineral salts

Plants make their own food through

.

 They absorb

and

from the soil through through their

. This mixture is the

. Plants also absorb

and

from the air air.. They then transfo transform rm

the raw sap into 5

.

  Find and circle five parts of the flower. Then, complete the sentences.

p

c

o

r

o

l

l

a

e

q

y

w

q

b

p

z

t

l

p

i

s

t

i

l

a

y

s

e

p

a

l

s

l

x

t

e

i

g

f

a

s

s

t

a

m

e

n

s

a. It is the female part of the flower flower.. It contains the ovary ovary.. It is the

6

.

b. The

are the small green leaves that protect the flower flower..

c. The

are the male parts of the flower flower.. They produce pollen.

d. The

are coloured leaves. They form the

.

  Match the sentences sentences to the life processes processes that plants plants carry out.

a. Plants make elab elaborated orated s sap. ap. b. The leaves and ste stems ms grow towar towards ds the light. c. Pollen is produced in the stamens.

sensitivity

nutrition reproduction

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Plants  TEST 

Name

1

Date

  The main parts of a plant ar are… e… a. the roots, the leaves and th the e pistil. b. the roots, the stems and the branches. c. the roots, the leaves and th the e stem.

2

  Herbaceous stems are… a. soft and flexible.

3

c. hard and flexible.

  Leaves are classified accordin according g to their… a. colour colour..

4

b. hard and rigid.

b. shape and edge.

c. size.

  Gymnosperms… a. are non-flowering plants plants.. b. do not produce fruits. c. do not produce seeds.

5

  The female part of a plant is… a. the corolla.

6

b. sensitivi sensitivity ty..

c. stamens.

  The process by which plants make their own food is called… a. respiration.

b. photosynthesis.

8

  There ar are e two main groups of flowering plants… a. angiosperms and gymnosperm gymnosperms. s. b. mosses and gymnosperms. c. angiosperms and ferns. 9

c. the pistil.

  Plants respond to changes in the environment because they have… a. roots.

7

b. the calyx.

  Angiosperms usually have beautiful flo flowers wers and… a. produce fruit with seeds inside. b. seeds grouped together in cones. c. have leaves all year roun round. d.

10  

Non-flowering plants have rhizoids which… a. fix the plant to the soil. b. feed the plant. c. produce the seeds.

c. transpiration.

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Plants INVESTIGATE

Name

1

Date

  What do plants need to gr grow? ow? Instructions 1. Work in gr groups oups of four four.. Each group has four small plants, a paper bag, a transparent plastic bag and water. 2. Label the plants as follows: 1. no water; 2. no light; 3. no air; 4. control plant. 3. Place the paper bag over plant number 2, so it doesn’t receive any light. 4. Place the plastic bag over plant number 3, so it doesn’t get any air air.. 5. Put the pl plants ants on a window sill and water them regularly, except for plant number 1. Make sure the control plant has air, light and water. 6. Observe the growth of the plants over the next four weeks and recor record d your observations. Complete the table. week

plant 1

1

 

2

 

3

 

4

 

plant 2

7. Compare your results an and d answer the ques questions. tions. a. Did all the plants gr grow ow the same? b. Which plant was the healthiest? c. Which plant was the least health healthy? y?

plant 3

plant 4

 

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Natural Science 3

 

 Animals and plants

REINFORCEMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Look and match match the pictures pictures to the areas. areas.  A

B

forest

shrubland C

D

grassland

desert

2

  Read and complete.

high – shrubland – forest – vegetation – fertile – drought – scarce – arid – low – poor a. Trees grow in

soil with

Many trees together form a b. Bushes grow in places with humidity. An area dominate dominated d by bushes is a c. Grasslands are areas with long periods of are

humidity. . soil and . . Trees and bushes

because they need water all year round.

d. Deserts do not have much water and the soil is

. There is little

. Only plants that need little water can live in deserts.

3

  Where do these animals live? Explain.

 

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REINFORCEMENT 

4

5

  Find and circle eight animals. Then, write.

s

e

a

b

i

r

d

f

p

x

s

n

a

k

e

l

i

s

z

f

w

t

q

x

i

s

n

s

t

a

r

f

i

s

h

a

s

q

u

i

r

r

e

l

i

o

o

c

t

o

p

u

s

l

  Classify these marine animals. whales – seals – sharks – sardines – turtles – tuna

 They breathe through through lungs

 

6

  Write T  (true)  (true) or F  (false).  (false). a. Sponges ar are e marin marine e inverte invertebrates. brates. b. Elephants ar are e terrest terrestrial rial mammals mammals.. c. Seabirds llive ive in sm small all tunnels underground. d. All fish live in fresh water. e. Snakes haven’t got legs, so they sli slither ther.. f. Corals move about the seabed.

They breathe thr through ough gills

 

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Natural Science 3

 

 Animals and plants Name

EXTENSION

Date

 A frozen frozen land land

 T  Tundras undras are one of the coldest an and d harshest areas on Earth. They are found in the Arctic, where the weather is extremely cold, dry and windy. Trees cannot grow in tundras, but there are many low plants. The Arctic tundra has average temperatures of –12 ºC to –6 ºC. This means that the top layer of soil, called the permafrost, is almost always frozen. f rozen. In winter, the permafrost is covered with a thick layer of snow, and no plants are visible. In summer, there are 24 hours a day of sunlight, and the surface of the permafrost melts. Wildflowers appear everywhere. Many animalsUnfortunately, live in the Arctic Arctic foxes, polar bears, caribous and is snow geese. Unfortunately , as tundra, a result including of global warming, temperatures are rising. This causing the permafrost to melt. The Arctic tundra is in danger.

1

  Read the tex textt and cir circle cle the corr correct ect word. a. Tundras are found in the the Arctic  Arctic /  / Antarctic  Antarctic.. b. In the summer, there are 12 12 /  / 24  24 hours  hours a day of sunlight. c. The top layer of the soil is the tundra tundra /  / permafrost   permafrost . d. Winter in the Ar Arctic ctic tundra is extremely warm warm /  / cold . e. Global  warming warming /  / Acid  Acid rain is rain is harming the Arctic tundra.

2

  Search the Internet ffor or three anim animal al species from the Arctic tundra. Write what they eat. animals  

food

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 Animals and plants

EXTENSION

Name

Date

Fast and slow animals  Animals move at different different speeds. Walking at a normal pace, people usually walk five or six kilometres per hour. Some very slow animals take a whole year to travel the same distance as a fast animal can travel in one hour!

animals on land

1

in the air

slow animals

Sloths move at 12 metres per hour.

Small flies move at 35 kilometres per hour.

Perches swim at 2.1 kilometres per hour.

fast animals

Cheetahs can run at 100 kilometres per hour.

Falcons can fly at 300 kilometres per hour.

Sailfish can swim at 110 kilometres per hour.

  Read the text text and the table. table. Then, answer answer the questions. questions.

a. Which animal is the s slowest lowest on land? b. Which animal is the fast fastest est on land? c. Does the slowest an animal imal move on land, in the air or in water? d. Does the fastest animal move on land, in the air or in water?

2

in water  

  Find your favourite animal on on the Internet. Draw it. Then, find out how fast it moves and complete the sentences.

My favourite animal is the

.

It moves at

.

 

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Natural Science 3

 

 Animals and plants

 ASSESSMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Write the names of these areas.  A

B

C

D

 

2

  Read and write T  (true)  (true) or F  (false).  (false). Then, correct the false sentences. a. Veget Vegetation ation depends on soil, climate, rrelief elief and humidity humidity.. b. Pines, oaks and beech beeches es are types of bushes. c. The African Savan Savannah nah is a grassland ar area. ea. d. Deserts are areas with fertile soil and high humidity humidity.. e. Grass in grasslands dies in drought periods.

3

  What is vegetation? Explain.  

4

  Read and complete the words. a. All the plants in an area, region or country country..

v

g

t

b. A long period of little or no rainfall.

d

o

t

c. A grassland area in Africa.

s

v

d. An area dominated by bushes.

s

h u

d

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 ASSESSMENT 

5

  Read the text and complete. complete.

oxygen – lungs – surface – marine – rivers Some aquatic animals live in the sea.  They are

animals.

Others live in fresh water, in lakes or

.

 Aquatic animals spend most most of their lives in water water.. Many of them breathe in

from the water through gills.

Others come to the

of the water to breathe in air, air,

through

.

6

  Circle the correct animal.

bat / bird

a. A mammal that can fly. b. A mollusc that lives fixed to the rocks on the seabed.

sea urchin / mussel skater / butterfly

c. An insect that glides on the sur surface face of the water water..

snake / salamander

d. A rept reptile ile that slithers.

eagle / duck 

e. A water bird.

7

 

  Read, then write the correct word.

a. Squirrels live most of the time in

and swing from branch to branch.

trees – bushes – tunnels b. Snakes haven’t got legs, so they

. fly – slither – jump

c. Many small animals live in tunnels

.

in the sea – in small houses – underground

 

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Natural Science 3

 

 Animals and plants

 TEST 

Name

1

Date

  Vegetation is… a. all the plants that live in an area, region or country country.. b. all the plants and animals that live in an area. c. the flowers that grow on tr trees. ees.

2

  Many trees growing together make up a… a. grass area.

3

c. desert.

  We o obtain btain honey and wax from… a. bees.

4

b. forest.

b. spiders.

c. sheep.

  Shrublands are areas… a. with long periods of drought where forests cannot grow. grow. b. dominated by bushes. c. dominated by cactuses.

5

  African savannahs are… a. deserts.

6

b. forests.

c. grasslands.

  A desert is… a. an area where there is a lot of sand. b. an area with arid soil and little water water.. c. a kind of vegetation.

7

  Corals live in… a. the sea.

8

b. fresh water.

c. either the sea or fresh water.

  Marine mammals, like dolphins or whales, … a. must come up to the surface to br breathe. eathe. b. don’t need to breathe air from the surface. c. breathe thr through ough gills.

9

  Terrestr errestrial ial animals animals… … a. do not need water water..

10  

b. live on land.

c. have wings to walk about.

b. seabird.

c. slithering reptile.

A bat is a… a. flying mammal.

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 Animals and plants Name

1

INVESTIGATE

Date

  Which animals and plants share the same same area? area?

Instructions

1. Work in groups. 2. Choose one of these ar areas: eas: shrubland, dese desert, rt, grassland or for forest. est. 3. Search the Internet for plants an and d animals that live in your habitat. habitat. Find out what they eat and how they reproduce. Print out or draw pictures. 4. Make a poster with your pictur pictures. es. Write the names of the animals, what they eat (carnivore, herbivore or omnivore) and how they reproduce (oviparous or viviparous). 5. Show your poster to your classmates and tell them about your favourite animal animal or plant.

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Matter REINFORCEMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Complete the sentences. space – volume – matter – substances – mass Everything around us that takes up

is made up of

 All objects have two properties: properties: object, and

, which is the amount of matter in an

, which is the amount of space an object occupies. The

different types of matter are called

2

.

.

  How do yo you u measure mass and volume? Look and match. mass

volume

3

  What are the three states of water? Write solid ,  liquid  or  or  gas.  A

B

C

 

4

  Write  yes or  no and give an example. fixed shape solids

 

liquids

 

gases

 

fixed volume

example

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REINFORCEMENT 

5

  Use the clues to complete the changes o off state. a. Ice changes into liquid water water..

t

b. Liquid water changes into ice.

l

c. Liquid water changes into water vapour vapour.. d. Water vapour changes into liquid water water..

6

n

v n

f

a

o

t

e

a

o

  Label the diagram.

 

water vapour

water

 

7

  Which photo shows a chemical change? T Tick ick ( ✓ ).

 

i

ice

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Matter EXTENSION

Name

Date

Lovely ice cream! What happens to ice cream in very hot weather? Y You ou have to eat it quickly before it melts! Ice cream is made with frozen milk, that’s why it is solid. When you take it out of the freezer, it begins to melt and turns into a liquid. The flavour, though, remains the same. When frozen ice cream melts and becomes liquid, it goes through a physical change of state. But the ice cream flavour does not change. It still tastes wonderful!

1

  Read and write T  (true)  (true) or F   (false). (false). Then, correct the false sentences.

a. Ice cream is solid because it is made of frozen m milk. ilk. b. Ice cream m melts elts when the te temperature mperature decreases. decreases. c. When ice cre cream am melts, ther there e is a chemical change. d. When ice cre cream am melts, its flavour does not change.

2

  Find and circle circle six ice cream cream flavours. Then, Then, write.

l

e

m

o

n

u

c

a

m

s

g

h

y

u

n

m

h

n

i

l  

k

h

v

v

p

t

o

r

n

k

f

g

a

a

o

y

c

d

t

c

e

s

s

n

l

x

o

e

n

h

d

l

e

i

k

a

l

a

b

e

a

f

r

l

j

s

a

g

v

r

e

m

l

l

g

f

t

o

c

r

s

t

r

a

w

b

e

r

r

y

 

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Matter EXTENSION

Name

Date

The Wobbly Bridge  The Millennium Bridge in London is a very popular tourist destination. It is a pedestrian bridge, so cars cannot cross it. When you are standing on the bridge, you can see many of London’s historical buildings, such as St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Globe  Theatre. The bridge also appears in films, such as Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and many Bollywood films.  The Millennium Bridge is made of concrete and steel, so it is very very strong. It can hold up to 5,000 people at one time. But when it opened in 2000, people said the bridge moved under their feet! f eet! This problem was corrected, but even today, people still call it ‘The Wobbly Bridge’.

1

  Read the text and answer the questions.

a. Where is the Millennium Bridge?

b. What can you see when you are standing on the bridge?

c. What is it ma made de of?

d. How many people can it hold at one ti time? me?

e. When was tthe he bridge opened for the first time?

f. Why d do o people call it ‘Th ‘The eW Wobbly obbly B Bridge’? ridge’?

g. Can you name a popular bridge in your country?

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Matter  ASSESSMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Answer the questions.

a. What is matter?   b. What is volume?   c. What are the three states of m matter? atter?   d. What is a subs substance? tance?   2

  Use the clues to complete the text.

 All objects have two properties properties in common: m and v

. Objects also have other properties,

depending on what s

they are made of.

 These properties are: are: c and h

,s

,l

. These properties help us to distinguish

one substance from another.

3

  Label the illustrations.

liquid

 A

gas

  B

 

 

solid

C

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 ASSESSMENT 

4

  Write T  (true)  (true) and F (false). Then, correct the false sentences. a. Solids have a fixed shape and a fixed volume.  b. Liquids do not h have ave a fixed shape n nor or a fixed volume.  c. Gases havethe a fixed volume, the shape vary because se they adopt shape of the but container they can are in.   becau

5

  Read and cr cross oss out the wrong words. a. Chemical changes / changes / Physical changes are changes are when substances change into different substances. b. Contraction / Combustion is Combustion is a physical change. c. Matter   / A / A mixture is mixture is when two or more substances are mixed together.

6

  What physical change takes place? Write mixture, change of shape, change of size  or change of state. a. You pour sugar in milk and stir it. b. You fold a paper and make a paper boat. c. You heat the air inside a balloon an and d it expands. d. You heat water and it turns to vapour.

7

  Complete the chart with solidification, condensation, melting and evaporation .

solid

 

liquid

gas

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Matter  TEST 

Name

1

Date

  Everything around us that takes up space is made up of… a. wood.

b. matter.

c. water.

b. an object.

c. a substance.

2

  Each type of matter is… a. air. air. 3

  The amount of matter in objects is called… a. mass.

4

c. density.

b. centimetres.

c. litres.

  Vol Volume ume is measured in… a. kilogrammes.

5

b. volume.

  Gases… a. have a fixed shape and a fixed volume volume.. b. have a fixed volume volume,, but their shap shape e can change. c. do not have a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.

6

  There ar are e two types of changes in matter… a. condensation and solidification. b. physical and chemical ch changes. anges. c. mixtures and evaporati evaporation. on.

7

  Contraction is… a. combustion.

8

b. a physical change.

c. a chemical change.

  When the temperature of an object iincreases… ncreases… a. it gets bigger bigger.. This is called expansion. b. it gets smaller smaller.. This is called contraction. c. it gets bigger bigger.. This is called contraction.

9

  Melting is… a. when a gas is cooled and changes into a liquid. b. when a solid is heated and changes into a liquid. c. when a liquid iis s cooled and changes into a solid.

10  

When a substance changes into another different substance it is called…

83

a. chemical change. 84

b. expansion.

Natural Science 3

c. physical change.

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Matter INVESTIGATE

Name

1

Date

  Does air rreally eally take up space? Try two experiments. Instructions Work with a partner partner.. Do the following easy experiments.  Y  You ou need a tank or large bowl of water water,, a dry sponge and an empty plastic bottle. Experiment A  Squeeze a dry sponge inside a tank or bowl of water water.. What do you see? Complete the table.

Experiment B Put an empty plastic bottle sideways inside a tank or bowl of water. What do you see? Complete the table.

first minute

  Experiment A 

  Experiment B

after a few minutes

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Materials and machines REINFORCEMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Classify the materials.

wood paper

granite

pottery

glass

natural materials

man-made materials

 

2

 

  Tick ( ✔ ) the materials that come from animals.   wool

3

leather

hemp

leather

wood

silk

cotton

  Read and match. a. Hemp is used to make furniture.

b. Wood

is used to make fabrics.

c. Cotton

4

  Complete the stages iinvolved nvolved in making paper paper.. belt – pulp – impurities – wood – spools a.

is broken up into small pieces.

b. The pieces are mixed with other substances to make c. The pulp is filtered to get rid of d. The paper pulp is spread onto a moving

.

. .

85

e. The final product is wound onto 86

.

Natural Science 3

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REINFORCEMENT 

5

  How do these machines w work? ork? Use the key and circle. energy from electricity ▶ red

energy from people ▶ blue

6

7

  Choose two machines fr from om Activity 5. Explain w what hat they are used for for.. a. We use

to

.

b.

to

.

  Classify these machines.

pliers

fan

telephone

simple machines

pulley

compound machines

 

8

  Complete the crossword about simple machines.  ACROSS 1.  1.  A ramp (two wor words). ds). DOWN

2 1

2.  2.  A rigid bar bar.. 3.  3.  A solid disk that turns on an axle. 4.  4.  A wheel with a rrope ope around it it..

3

4

 

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Natural Science 3

 

Materials and machines EXTENSION

Name

Date

The wheel

 The wheel is one of the most important inventions inventions of all time. It changed our means of transport forever forever..  The wheel is a simple machine machine that was invented over 5,000 years ago. It consists of a disk that turns on an axle. The first wheels were simple disks made of solid wood. Wheels with spokes were invented over 1,000 years later. Later, wheels were made of metal. This allowed heavy Later, objects to be moved from one place to another another..  After that, metal wheels were were covered with rubber and cork. These wheels are still used today because they are so light and resilient.

1

  Circle the il illustration lustration of the oldest wheel. Then, answer the question.  A

B

C

D

• Why do you think this this is the oldest wheel? wheel?

 

2

  Think about life befor before e the invention of the w wheel. heel. How do you think people moved heavy objects?

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Materials and machines Name

EXTENSION

Date

Where does paper come from? Paper was invented in China over 2,000 years ago. Originally,, paper was made of pulp produced Originally by boiling cloth and old fishing nets! Nowadays, paper is made of pulp from wood. Large plantations of trees are grown. The trees are cut down, then chopped into small wood chips. These chips are soaked in water and chemicals to form wood pulp.  The pulp is bleached to remove remove tree bark and sap. Next, the pulp pulp is drained and squeezed to remove all the excess water water,, then placed in huge drying machines.  The pulp is then attached to spools and placed placed in cutting machines.  Today  Today,, lots of different paper pr products oducts are made fr from om recycled paper paper.. Using recycled paper to make new paper has less impact on the environment, and is better for the planet. Recycled paper is used for everything from paper plates to toilet paper!

1

  Read and write True or False. a. Paper was in invented vented 2,000 years ago in India. b. Originally Originally,, the pulp used to make paper came fr from om boiled cloth. c. These days the pu pulp lp is made of wood ch chips ips soaked in water and chemicals. d. The pulp is clean cleaned ed with bleach to rremove emove sap and bark. e. Recycled paper is only used to make toilet paper. paper.

2

  Search the Internet. How is paper recycled? W Write rite three or four sentences describing the process.  

 

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Materials and machines  ASSESSMENT 

Name

Date

1

  Name the m materials aterials used to make these objects. Then, w write rite N  (natural)  (natural) or M (man-made) next to each material.

2

  Write the raw materials. a. paper ▶  b. iron

▶ 

c. plastic ▶ 

3

  Write T  (true)  (true) or F  (false).  (false). a. A pulley m makes akes it dif difficult ficult to lift heavy objects. b. A ramp iis s an incli inclined ned plane. c. A lever is a bar which re rests sts on a pivot poin point. t. d. A wheel rotates around a pivot point. e. A pulley rotates around an axle.

4

  Name one invention for each category category.. Then, write what energy it uses. invention transport

 

communication

 

cleaning the house

 

energy

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 ASSESSMENT 

5

  Complete the sentences. energy – communicate – time – effort – people a. Machines save us

and

.

b. A telephone is a machine that lets us c. All machines need

. to work.

d. Scissors need energy from

6

to work.

  Write what type o off energy these machines u use. se.  A

B

  C

7

D

  Complete the text. operating – handle bar – complex – levers – people – gear  A bicycle is a

machine because it is made u up p of many parts. It has got two wheels, a

that helps steer the bicycle, and two pedals that act as .  The pedals turn a that moves a chain. The chain connects the the

pedals to the back wheel. The bicycle needs energy from

to work.  

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Materials and machines  TEST 

Name

1

Date

  Natural materials…

a. come from animals, plants and minerals. b. are manufactured from other materials. c. are very hard and resis resistant. tant. 2

  Paper, Paper, glass and plastic are…

a. man-made materials. 3

b. wood.

c. leather leather..

  Wool, leather leather and silk are examples examples of mate materials rials that come from… from…

a. animals. 5

c. chemical materials.

  The raw material used used to make make paper paper is…

a. petroleum. 4

b. natural materials.

b. plants.

c. minerals.

  Machines…

a. help us to save time and energy and make our work easier. b. are objects that we can see in museums. c. are only used for transpor transport. t. 6

  A car is a complex machine because…

a. it needs petrol to function. b. it is made up of many operating parts. c. it is used to travel. 7

  A pulley is…

a. a complex machine. 8

b. a simple machine.

c. not a machine.

  An inclined plane might might be used used to…

a. enter a building in a wheelchair. b. transport products over long distances. c. apply force when cracking a nut. 9

  In order order to work, work, all machines machines need… need…

a. electric electricity ity.. 10  

b. energy.

c. a motor.

The printing press, press, the plane or the watermill watermill are examples examples of…

91

a. means of transport. 92

b. gears.

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Materials and machines INVESTIGATE

Name

1

Date

  What simple and complex machines do you use in everyday life? Instructions 1. Work in gr groups oups of four to make a poster poster.. 2. Use magazines and catalogues to find pictures of simple and complex machines used in everyday life. Cut the pictures out and sort them into two piles: simple and complex machines. 3. Divide a piece of card into two section sections. s. Write two titles: Simple machines and machines and Complex machines. machines. Glue the pictures on the corresponding section and label them. 4. Next to each picture, writ write e the energy source each machine needs to work. 5. Once the pos poster ter is fini finished, shed, complete the table. You can also add other machines which do not appear on your poster. machines I use in everyday life simple machines

complex machines

 

6. Analyse your table and d draw raw conclusions. • I mainly use simple / complex  machines  machines in everyday life. petrol  to  to work. • I mainly use machines that need  human energy / electricity / petrol 

7. Compare your conclusions with your group.  

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Energy and the environment

REINFORCEMENT 

Name

1

Date

  Complete the cro crossword ssword about forms of energy energy.. 5

 ACROSS 1. 1.   Energy that makes a computer work.

1

2. 2.   Energy produced by a radiator.

6 2

3. 3.   Energy in a pizza pizza.. 4. 4.   Energy inside uranium. DOWN

3

5. 5.   Energy in a ball that is falling. 6. 6.   Energy fr from om a lamp. 4

2

  Circle six energy sour sources ces and classify them. s   u 

   l g a s c  o  a  l  w 

 r a

  n   p 

  e  t  r 

 

n  d  n n   d  i  n  i

       

  o  l  e  u m  w

renewable e en nergy s so ources

 u     u  a   tt  a

  a   t 

  e   r 

non-renewable energy sources

 

3

  Complete the sentences. a. In a toaster, b. In a light bulb,

energy transfor transforms ms into energy transforms into

energy. energy energy..

93

c. In a torch, 94

energy transfor transforms ms into

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energy.

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REINFORCEMENT 

4

  How do we know these things have got energy? Write Write an example for each. a. the wind b. a football player

5

  Read and correct this sentence. Wind, water and sunlight are energy sources. They will run out soon!

 

6

  What fossil fuels are they? Read and answer answer.. a. We use it in cars and to make plastics. b. It is a rrock. ock. We get it fr from om mines. c. It goes to houses and factories along pi pipes. pes.

7

8

  Read and match. a. They use fossil fuels.

thermal power plants

b. They use energy from the Sun.

hydroelectric power plants

c. They use mechanical energy from the wind.

solar power plants

d. They use mechanical energy from water water..

wind farms

  Look at the photos and describe the environmental pr problem. oblem.

 

 

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Energy and the environment Name

EXTENSION

Date

The steam engine  The 18th century was a crucial time in the search for more sources of energy. In the 18th century, societies were very complex. People needed a lot of energy, but they did not have many machines that could make energy easier to use. At the end of the 18th century, James Watt, a Scottish inventor, invented the steam engine.  This machine used energy from from water vapour that was produced by burning coal. Energy from water vapour could move a wheel at a steady rhythm.  The steam engine was used in many many different ways. For example, example, it was used in factories, in mines and for means of o f transport, especially trains.  Thanks to James Watt’ Watt’s s steam engine and other gr great eat inventions, large factories were built, and many people found jobs in these factories. This period of history is called the Industrial Revolution.

1

  Read the text and answer the questions. a. In what cen century tury was tthe he steam e engine ngine invented?

  b. Who invented the steam engine?

  c. What was the steam engine used for?

  2

  Explain how the steam engi engine ne works. What kind o off energy does water vapour have?

 

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Energy and the environment Name

EXTENSION

Date

Windmills in Don Quixote Do you know Don Quixote de la Mancha? youDon probably know the scene Then, in which Quixote attacks windmills because he thinks they are terrifying, evil giants. But what are the windmills that Don Quixote fights, in reality? They are huge machines that use the energy from wind to grind grains of wheat and make flour f lour..  The wind turns the big sails that are are on the outside of the building. These move a series of gears that turn a grinding stone that crushes the grains of wheat.  These windmills are are not used anymore for grindi grinding, ng, but you can still see some of them if you go to La Mancha.

1

  Read the text and answer the questions.

a. What energy do windmills use to work?

  b. What were windmills us used ed for?

  c. What kind of energy does the wind ha have? ve? Tick (✓ ).   mechanical

chemical

thermal

d. Think of modern wind farms. How are modern wind turbines turbines similar to the old windmills?

  e. Are modern wind farms used to grin grind d grain? What ar are e they used for?

 

 

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Energy and the environment

 ASSESSMENT 

Name

Date

1

  What is energy? Define in your own wor words. ds.

2

  Complete the forms of energy energy..

3

4

a. a.   m

d. d.   e

b.  b.  c

e. e.   n

c. c.   t

f.  f.  l

  What type of energy have they got? a. fuel

d. wind

b. uranium

e. water

c. sunlight

f. fire

  Write the energy transf transformations ormations in each object.  A

B

C

 

5

  Write the names of the power plants.  A

B

C

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 ASSESSMENT 

6

  Classify the types of energy sour sources. ces. Then, answer the questions. coal – sunlight – wind – petroleum – uranium – water

renewable energy sources

non-renewable energy sources

 

a. What is the differe difference nce between renewable and nonnon-renewable renewable energy sour sources? ces?

 

b. Are fossil fuels renewable or n non-renewable? on-renewable? Ex Explain. plain.

 

7

  Match the type of power station to its source of energy energy.. thermal power station

wind  

hydroelectric power station wind farm

 

  Write three different ways to save energy energy..

 

water uranium

 

nuclear power station

8

 

fossil fuels

 

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Energy and the environment Name

1

 TEST 

Date

  Something has got energy w when… hen… a. it can make something move or change posi position. tion. b. it is very bright. c. It is very heavy and takes up a lot of space.

2

  The wind has got… a. mechanic mechanical al energy.

3

c. chemical energy.

b. chemical energy.

c. electric electrical al energy.

  Food contains… a. light energy.

4

b. light energy.

  In a lamp, … a. mechanical energy transforms into thermal energy. energy. b. electrical energy transforms into light energy energy.. c. electrical energy transforms into chemical energy. energy.

5

  Renewable energy sources… a. will never run out. b. are found in underground mines. c. are running out very quickly.

6

  Coal is… a. renewable.

7

c. a pure substance.

  Energy fr from om the Sun and the wind is… a. renewable.

8

b. non-renewable.

b. non-renewable.

c. impossible to store.

  In hydr hydroelectric oelectric pow power er plants, … a. they use energy from the wind to produce electricity electricity.. b. they use energy from water to produce electricity electricity.. c. they use energy from the Sun to produce electricity electricity..

9

  The accumulation of harmful substances and waste products is called… a. the environment.

10  

b. global warming.

To reduce waste we should…

c. pollution.

99

a. practise the three ‘Rs’. 100

b. use a lot of water water..

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c. use plastic bags.

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Energy and the environment Name

INVESTIGATE

Date

The three 'Rs'

 The three ‘Rs’ are are reduce, reu reuse se and recycle. They help us take care of the Earth and its limited resources. Reducing what we use means using fewer f ewer natural resources and less energy. Reusing things twice or many times means less waste. Recycling converts used items back into raw materials to make new products. This preserves our natural resources and reduces waste.

1

2

  What do you do at home to reduce, rreuse euse and recycle? Write. a. We reduce by using less

.

b. We reuse

.

c. We recycle

.

  How do you recycle?  To  To make recycling easier easier,, we have to separate our rubbish into different containers. For example, plastic goes in one container and cardboard goes in another. How many different containers are there where you live? Draw and colour.

plastic bag

cardboard box

 

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 Answer key   YOUR BODY  REINFORCEMENT  PAGE 6

 ASSESSMENT  PAGE 10 1. Classify the words. a. head: forehead, face.

1. Label the b body ody parts.

b. trunk: abdomen, thorax, back.

top to bottom: head, trunk, limbs. 2. Look at the diagram and write examples. Model answer (MA)

c. limbs: hand, leg, foot, arm. 2. Label the diagram. left column: brain, stomach, muscle.

a. brain; b. heart; c. leg. PAGE 7 3. Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences. a. T; b. F; c. F; d. T; e. T; f. F. Nutrition provides your body with energy and nutrients.  The process of sensitivity allows us to detect and respond to changes in the environment. Melanin protects your body from the harmful rays of sunlight. 4. Match the stages of life to the pictures.  A. adolescence; B. childhood; C. old age; D. adulthood. • 1st childhood; 2nd adolescence; 3rd adulthood;

4th old age.

EXTENSION PAGE 8 1. Read the text and complete the sentences. a. Skin colour is controlled by genes. b. The Sun emits harmful rays. c. Skin colour depends on the amount of melanin. d. Melanin protects the skin from the harmful rays of sunlight. e. People with lighter skin have less melanin. 2. Search the Internet or magazines for phot photos os of three famous people with different skin colour. colour. Open answer (OA)

right column: lung, kidney, bone. 3. Draw two people and say how they are similar or different.  

OA 

PAGE 11 4. Complete the sentences. a. The life process of sensitivity is the ability of living things to respond to changes in the environment. b. During the life process of nutrition living things take in food and absorb essential nutrients. c. The life process of reproduction is the ability of all living things to produce new living things of their own kind. 5. Number the stages of nutrition in the correct order order.. order: b, d, a, c. 6. Read and circle the correct correct description. childhood: Milk teeth fall out, out , and permanent teeth grow. adolescence: Your body prepares to become an adult. adulthood: We can have children. old age: Our bones become fragile. Our muscles are weaker. 7. Write the four systems involved in nutrition. digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system and excretory system.

 TEST  PAGE 12 1. b; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a; 5. c; 6. a; 7. c; 8. b; 9. a; 10. c.

PAGE 9 1. Write T (true) or F (false). a. T; b. T; c. F; d. T; e. F; f. F. 2. Have you ever broken a bone or do you know someone who has?  

MA 

 

My friend Ana.

 

Her humerus.

 

She fell.

 

It took two months.

INVESTIGATE PAGE 13 OA 

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 Answer key   YOUR SENSES REINFORCEMENT  PAGE 14

PAGE 17 1. Use the s sign ign alphabet. OA  2. Use the Br Braille aille alphabet.

1. Unscramble the words and label the diagram.

OA 

left column: iris, cornea, pupil.

 ASSESSMENT  right column: retina, optic nerve, lens. 2. Circle the five parts of the ear and complete the sentences. auditory nerve, ear canal, cochlea, small bones, eardrum. a. Sound vibrations go into the outer ear and along the ear canal. b. The eardrum vibrates. c. The vibration of the eardrum moves the three three small bones.

PAGE 18 1. Write the five sense organs. eyes, ears, skin, nose and tongue. 2. Label the parts of the eye. left column: cornea, pupil. right column: optic nerve, retina. 3. Read and complete.

d. The sound then goes to the cochlea.

a. The eyes are the sense organs of sight.

e. The cochlea sends the sound through the auditory nerve to the brain.

b. The eyelids, eyelashes and eyebrows protect the eyes. c. The pupil is the hole in the c centre entre of the iris through which light passes.

PAGE 15 3. Read and complete the table. smell: The sense organ is the nose. It allows you to capture or identify smells. taste: The sense organ is the tongue. It allows you to capture or identify flavours. touch: The sense organ is the skin. It allows you to capture or identify different characteristics of objects. 4. Match the parts of the organs to their function. a. taste buds: capture fflavours lavours of food. b. epithelium: captures smells. c. touch receptors: distinguish hot or cold. d. retina: captures light.

d. When we see the an object, the information is sent to the brain through optic nerve. 4. Label the parts of the ear ear.. left column: pinna, eardrum. right column: auditory nerve, cochlea. PAGE 19 5. Circle the correct w word. ord. a. The pinna captures the sound. b. The cochlea sends the sound through the auditory nerve to the brain. c. The brain interprets the information. 6. What part of your nose captur captures es smells? Smell receptors in the olfactory epithelium capture smells.

e. cochlea: captures sound. 5. Label the diagram of the nose. clockwise, starting top left: olfactory bulb, nasal cavity, olfactory nerve, nostrils, olfactory epithelium.

7. Complete the sentences. a. Touch is the sense which allows you to identify characteristics of the objects around you. b. The sense organ of touch is the skin.

EXTENSION PAGE 16 1. Write T (true) or F (false). a. T; b. F; c. F; d. F; e. T. 2. Complete the index card about guide dogs. Job description: To help people move from place to place. Most common breeds: Labradors and Golden Retrievers.

8. Label the diagram of the skin. left column: hairs, touch receptors. right: nerve. 9. Write the corr corresponding esponding sense organ. organ. a. ear; b. nose; c. tongue; d. eye; e. eye; f. ear. 10. Give advice to look after your eyes and ears. MA 

Equipment: Harness.

Make sure there is enough light when you read or study and don’t look directly at the Sun.

 Years  Years of service: Approximately six.

Wash your ears daily, and don’t put objects in your ears.

Natural Science 3   103

 

 Answer key   TEST  PAGE 20 1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. c; 5. b; 6. a; 7. b; 8. c; 9. a; 10. b.

INVESTIGATE PAGE 21

FOOD AND NUTRIENTS REINFORCEMENT  PAGE 22 1. Use the colour key and circle circle the words. red: rice, olive oil, pasta, past a, bacon, bread, butter, cheese. blue: sardines, yoghurt, eggs, milk.

OA 

green: grapes, carrots, strawberries, lettuce. 2. Label the food wheel.  wheel. Write carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals  and  and  vitamins, water   and  and  exercise, and calcium. left column: carbohydrates, water and exercise, minerals and vitamins. right column: fats, proteins, calcium. 3. Why are water and exercise in the centre of the food wheel?  They are in the centre because they are essential for good health. 4. Match and make correct correct sentences. a. A sufficient diet gives you the right amount of energy. energy. b. A balanced diet gives you the right amount of nutrients. PAGE 23 5. Read and complete the sentences. a. You need fats and carbohydrates for energy. b. You need proteins to grow. c. You need vitamins and minerals to be healthy. d. You need fibre for your digestive system to work well. 6. Look at the food. Cir Circle cle the nutrients they give yo you. u. top row: proteins, proteins, carbohydrates. bottom row: fats, vitamins, fibre. 7. Tick ( ✓ ) the correct sentence. a. Calcium is a mineral that makes up our bones. 8. Circle the healthier food in each pair of words. top row: oil, milk, grapes. bottom row: chicken, bread, tomato.

EXTENSION PAGE 24 1. Read the text and answer the questions. questions. a. The people of Naples Naples added tomatoes to pizzas. b. The ingredients of Pizza Margherita are tomatoes, mozzarella cheese and basil. c. It is called Pizza Margherita because Queen Margherita of Italy loved it. d. Today pizza is eaten all over the world.

e. Pizza can have many different different toppings including tuna, mushrooms and olives.

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 Answer key  2. Draw and write about yo your ur favourite pizza.

7. Find and circle four nutrients. Then, Then, write.

OA 

r

x

p

v

d

s

m

z

s

o

g

i

l

a

i

v

a. Based on culture, people eat dif different ferent foods around the world.

p

r

o

t

e

i

n

s

b. Reindeer meat is an unusual food eaten in Canada. c. An unusual food eaten in Thailand is insects.

g

s

w

a

e

t

e

b

f

k

t

m

x

y

r

p

y

i

p

i

a

n

a

j

r

t

a

n

q

d

l

w

f

a

t

s

l

c

s

o

PAGE 25 1. Circle the co correct rrect words.

d. Foods like reindeer meat and insects mainly provide proteins. e. In England, fruits and nuts are symbols of fe fertility rtility and good fortune. 2. Search the Internet for other foods for special celebrations. OA 

 ASSESSMENT  PAGE 26 1. Read the sentences and match. a. fibre; b. proteins; c. vitamins and minerals; d. carbohydrates and fats. 2. Is this a healthy breakfast? Explain.

Carbohydrates is missing in the word search. 8. Cross out the least healthy food for each meal. Write a healthier option. a. a piece of cake. MA. eggs. b. chips. MA. bread. c. a hamburguer hamburguer.. MA. an apple. apple.

 TEST 

MA 

PAGE 28

 Yes,  Yes, it is a healthy breakfast. There is protein in the milk, vitamins in the fruit, and carbohydrates in the cereal.

1. b; 2. a; 3. b; 4. c; 5. a; 6. b; 7. a; 8. a; 9. c; 10. b.

3. Circle the foods you should eat every day day.. milk; fruit; meat; bread; vegetables. 4. What nutrients does each of these foods contain? a. calcium and proteins; b. fats; c. carbohydrates; d. vitamins, minerals and fibre; e. proteins; f. carbohydrates. 5. Cross out the odd food in each food group.  A. milk; B. olive oil; C. carrot. PAGE 27 6. How much should you eat? W Write rite  more or  less. a. If you are overweight, you should eat less. b. If you are underweight, you should eat more more.. c. If you do a lot of exercise, you should eat more. d. If you are old, you should eat less. e. If you are young, you should eat more.

INVESTIGATE PAGE 29 OA 

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 Answer key  KEEPING HEALTHY 

PAGE 33

REINFORCEMENT 

1. Read the text and answer the questions. questions.

PAGE 30 1. Complete the sentences about healthy habits. a.  a.  Get enough sleep. b. Keep your body clean. c. Do regular exercise. d. Eat a healthy and balanced diet. e. Have good posture to look after your back. 2. Circle the healthy habits.  A. Brush your teeth; B. Have good posture; C. Do physical exercise; E. Keep your body clean. 3. Read these sentences about doing exer exercise. cise. Write T (true) or F (false). a.  a. T;  T; b.  b. F; c.  c.  T; T; d.  d. T;  T; e.  e. F.

a. An art museum displays paintings and sculptures. b. Art museums look after their paintings carefully because they are of great historical and cultural interest. c. An art restorer repairs damaged paintings so that they are in perfect condition. d. A security guard protects the paintings which ar are e displayed in the museum. e. OA 

 ASSESSMENT  PAGE 34 1. Who is looking after their health? Write H  (healthy)  (healthy) or N (not healthy). H; H; N; N. 2. Tick ( ✓ ) the good posture.

PAGE 31 4. Match the methods of pr preserving eserving foods to the definitions.

 The picture on the left shows good posture. 3. Match to make sentences about healthy habits. habits.

a. cooling: Y You ou preserve food in the fridge or freezer freezer to make it last longer.

a. a.   We need to exercise regularly. regularly. b. We must eat a healthy and balanced diet.

b. adding preservatives: Some substances are added to foods so they don’t go off.

c. We need to look after our backs.

c. heating: It helps to eliminate organisms that spoil ffood. ood.

e. We must drink enough water. water.

5. Which of these foods are fr fresh esh and which are processed? Classify. Classify.

d. We need ten hours of sleep a night.

4. Complete the sentences with the corr correct ect words. a. a.   After a busy day, we feel tired.

processed: cake, chocolate, ice cream.

b. Sleep keeps our body healthy and gives it energy. energy.

fresh: orange, meat, apple.

c. Sleep also helps us to recover. recover.

6. Write two sentences in the correct order order..

d. Children need to sleep ten hours a day.

a.  a.  Food hygiene is essential to prevent illness.

e. People who sleep badly get ill.

b. Dirty food can make you ill.

f. We need to rest after a long day. day.

7. Use the code and find out a healthy habit. Children need to sleep ten hour s a day.

EXTENSION

PAGE 35 5. Give two examples of natural foods and two of processed foods. MA 

PAGE 32

a. natural foods: pear and fish.

1. Put the words in order to make sentences. Then, find and underline these sentences in the text.

b. processed foods: pizza and pasta.

a. Children need to sleep ten hours a night. b. In one night, we can have four to seven dreams. c. We do not always remember our dreams. 2. Koalas sleep 22 hours a day! OA  3. Keep a dream journal for a week. OA 

6. What stages does the food go through? Complete the the words and match.  A. production; B. food industry; C. sale. 7. Read the sentences and write T (true) or correct the false sentences. a. a.   T  T;; b.  b. F; c.  c.  T; T; d.  d. F; e.  e. F; f.  f.  T. T. Physical exercise is good for your heart.  Y  You ou must wash your hands regularly. Pulses and cereals do not need preserving.

F

(false). Then,

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 Answer key   TEST  PAGE 36 1.  1. c; 2.  2. a; 3.  3. c; 4.  4. b; 5.  5. a; 6.  6. a; 7.  7. c; 8.  8. a; 9.  9. b; 10.  10. c.

INVESTIGATE PAGE 37 OA 

 ANIMALS REINFORCEMENT  PAGE 38 1. Read the definitions and match. a. herbivores; b. carnivores; c. scavengers; d. omnivores; e. decomposers. 2. Classify the vertebrates. mammals: zebra, dolphin. birds: owl, eagle. fish: shark. reptiles: tortoise, crocodile. amphibians: frog, salamander. salamander. 3. Complete the table. mammals: hair, viviparous, lungs. birds: feathers, oviparous, lungs. fish: scales, oviparous, gills. reptiles: scales, oviparous, lungs. amphibians: bare skin, oviparous, lungs and skin. PAGE 39 4. Find five vertebrates. Then, complete.

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 These animals are all reptiles. 5. Match the bird group group to the examples. a. penguin; b. duck; c. eagle; d. canary. 6. Look at the pictures and answer the questions. a. It is the process of reproduction. b. Amphibians undergo this process. c. The babies a are re called tadpoles.

EXTENSION PAGE 40 1. Read and write T  (true)  (true) or false sentences.

F

(false). Then, correct the

a. T; b. T; c. F; d. F; e. T.  A decibel is a unit for measuring sound.

 The sound of a jet engine is quieter than the call of a blue whale.

Natural Science 3   107

 

 Answer key  2. Use the code to find o out ut how animals communicate.

10. Complete the table.

trumpet; chatter; quack; chirp; hiss.

mammals: lungs, hair, legs, viviparous. reptiles: lungs, scales, legs, oviparous.

PAGE 41

birds: lungs, feathers, wings and legs, oviparous.

1. Write a definition for tthese hese words.

fish: gills, scales, fins, oviparous.

MA 

amphibians: lungs and skin, bare skin, legs, oviparous.

Hibernate: When an animal sleeps during the coldest months of the year. year. Migrate: When animals travel long distances to find warmer climates. 2. Use the colour key and cir circle cle the illustrations. blue: stork, whale.

 TEST  PAGE 44 1. a; 2. c; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a; 6. b; 7. a; 8. c; 9. b; 10. b.

INVESTIGATE

red: frog, bear PAGE 45

 ASSESSMENT  PAGE 42 1. Write the five gro groups ups of vertebrate animals. mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. 2. What group do these anim animals als belong to?  A. reptiles; B. birds; C. mammals; D. amphibians; E. fish. 3. Tick ( ✓ ) the correct options. a; b; c. 4. Write an example of each typ type e of animal. MA  marine mammal: whale. flying mammal: bat. primate: monkey. monkey. 5. Read and circle the mis mistakes. takes. Then, write the correct words. Reptiles are viviparous oviparous animals. They breathe through gills lungs.  Their skin is covered with hair scales. Most of them live on land and slither. PAGE 43 6. Complete the sentences with Fish or  Amphibians. a. Amphibians have bare skin. b. Fish breathe only through gills. c. Amphibians breathe through lungs and their skin. 7. Circle the word related to birds in each pair. pair. top row: animals, vertebrate, feathers. bottom row: wings, oviparous. 8. What animal is it? It is a frog. 9. Write the name of two animals which match the descriptions. MA 

OA 

a. dog, eagle; b. shark, tuna; c. lizard, crocodile; d. dolphin, whale.

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 Answer key  INVERTEBRATES

PAGE 49

REINFORCEMENT 

1. Read the text and answer the questions. questions.

PAGE 46 1. Write the groups of invertebrates. Then, match them to the correct pictures.

a. A beehive is where honey bees live. b. There is one queen. c. Drones are male bees.

top: e, d, a.

d. When worker bees are old, they fly outside to collect nectar and pollen.

bottom: f, b, c.

e. Because they transport pollen from one plant to another another..

a. They a are re sponges. b. They are cnidarians. c. They a are re worms. d. They are molluscs. e. They a are re echinoderms. echinoderms. f. They are arthropods. 2. Circle the co correct rrect word. Invertebrates haven’t got a spinal column. PAGE 47 3. Circle the co correct rrect words.

 ASSESSMENT  PAGE 50 1. What do all invertebrates have in common? Invertebrates haven’t got a spinal column. 2. Look at the illustrations and match. match.  A. cnidarian; B. arthropod; C. worm; D. echinoderm; E. sponge; F. mollusc. 3. Circle the correct word. word. Then, write the sentences. a. Jellyfish have tentacles. Their bodies look like jelly. jelly.

a. Worms, insects and spiders are invertebrates.

b. Worms have soft bodies. They are long.

b. Mussels have got shells.

c. Molluscs have soft bodies. They usually have shells.

c. Crabs have got hard exoskeletons.

d. Spiders have eight legs.

d. Jellyfish and earthworms haven’t got a hard covering. 4. Complete the crosswo crossword rd about insects. 1. antennae; 2. larvae; 3. insects; 4. thorax; 5. abdomen; 6. wings. 5. Complete the sentences about molluscs. Molluscs have got soft bodies. Most of them have got one or two shells to protect their bodies. Most of them are aquatic, like clams, but some are terrestrial, like snails and slugs. 6. Write two examples of each. MA  a. mussels and clams.

PAGE 51 4. Label the parts of the fly. fly. left column: thorax, antennae, head. right column: wings, abdomen, legs. 5. Number the illustrations in order. order.  A. 4; B. 2; C. 1; D. 3. 6. Write T (true) or F (false). a. F; b. F; c. T; d. F. 7. Write the group of arthropods these invertebrates belong to.  A. insects; B. myriapods; C. arachnids; D. crustaceans.

b. snails. c. octopuses and squids.

 TEST  PAGE 52

EXTENSION

1. b; 2. b; 3. c; 4. b; 5. a; 6. b; 7. a; 8. b; 9. a; 10. b.

PAGE 48 1. Unscramble the words and find some examples of cephalopods. a. squids; b. cuttlefish; c. octopuses. 2. Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences. a. T; b. F; c. T; d. F; e. F. Cephalopod means head-foot. Octopuses cannot hear. hear. Octopuses have eight tentacles.

INVESTIGATE PAGE 53 OA 

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 Answer key   ANIMALS AND PEOPLE

2. Look at the calendar. In which year were were you born? OA 

REINFORCEMENT 

PAGE 57

PAGE 54

1. Match these words from the text to their definitions.

1. Circle the foods that come from animals.

a. groundhog: a small, brown, furry animal with short legs.

eggs, sausages, cheese, meat, honey, milk.

b. burrow: a hole or tunnel in the ground ground where a small 2. What materials do we ob obtain tain from these animals? What things can we make with them? a. Sheep give us wool. MA. We can make clothes. b. Cows give us leather. MA. We We can make shoes. c. Silkworms give us silk. MA. We c can an make scarves. 3. Find seven animals that can be used for transport. Then, write.

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animal lives. c. hibernate: be in a dormant condition in the winter months. d. predict: forecast. e. shadow: a dark shape produced when light is blocked. 2. Read and write T (true) or false sentences.

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(false). Then, correct the

a. T; b. F; c. F.

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On Groundhog Day, a groundhog predicts the weather for the rest of winter.

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If the groundhog sees its shadow, it means the winter weather will continue.

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PAGE 58

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1. Write the benefits we obtain obtain from these animals.

 ASSESSMENT 

a. sheep: wool, meat.

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b. cows: leather, leather, milk, meat, cheese. c. bees: honey, honey, wax. d. silkworms: silk.

4. Which things can you use for bir birdwatching? dwatching? Colour the words. binoculars, telescope, field guide. PAGE 55 5. Complete tthe he sentences.

e. pigs: meat. f. chickens: eggs, poultry. 2. Look and match. extensive farming; intensive farming. 3. Read and complete the sentences.

a. Farmers raise animals for their meat, milk, eggs or skins.  This is called livestock farming.

a. Beekeeping is the farming of bees to obtain honey honey and wax.

b. In extensive farming, animals live in the open and eat grass.

b. Pisciculture is the farming of fish for food. food.

c. In intensive farming, animals lived fenced in a and nd farmers feed them. 6. What kind of livestock farming is it? extensive farming; intensive farming. 7. Match the animals to the ttypes ypes of livestock. poultry: chicken; cattle: cow; sheep: sheep; pigs: pig; goats; goat.

PAGE 59 4. Complete the sentences about sheep farming. a. A male sheep is a: ram. b. A baby sheep is a: lamb. c. A female sheep is a: ewe. d. A person who takes care of sheep is a: shepherd. e. Shearing means to cut off a sheep’s sheep’s wool. f. The place where sheep are kept kept at night is a: pen.

EXTENSION PAGE 56 1. Search the Internet to find the animal o off this year’s year’s

5. Read and write

T

(true) or F (false).

a. T; b. T; c. F; d. T. 6. Draw some farm animals. W Write rite things which we obtain

Chinese calendar c alendar..

from them.

OA 

OA 

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 Answer key   TEST  PAGE 60 1. c; 2. b; 3. a; 4. a; 5. b; 6. b; 7. b; 8. c; 9. a; 10. c.

INVESTIGATE PAGE 61

PLANTS REINFORCEMENT  PAGE 62 1. Read and write tree,  bush or  grass. Then, match. a. A  bush has a short, woody stem. b. Grasses have a soft, flexible stem.

1. Draw squares for each method of producing hens. Draw the hens inside. Add the outdoor space where it corresponds. Then, answer the questions. a. The hens in group 3 live in the most crowded space. b. The hens in groups 0 and 1 can spend time outside. 2. Look at the prices of the eggs in a supermarket and write them. OA 

c. A tree has a thick, woody stem called a trunk. b; c; a. 2. Read and complete the words. a. leaves; b. roots; c. stems. 3. Unscramble the words and label the diagram. left column: stamen, sepal. right column: petal, pistil. 4. Complete the sentences. Write  male or female.  The pistil is the female part of the flower.  The stamens are the male parts of the flower. PAGE 63 5. Complete the sentences about the stages stages of reproduction of a plant. Then, write  a,  b, c and d  next  next to the drawings. a. Pollen is formed in the stamens. b. A grain of pollen reaches the pistil of another flower. c. The ovary matures a and nd turns into fruit. The fruit contains the seeds. d. When a seed falls to the gr ground, ound, it germinates and a new plant grows. left column: a, d. right column: b, c. 6. What do plants need to grow? grow? Label the drawing. left column: sunlight, mineral salts. right column: carbon dioxide, d ioxide, water. 7. Read and match. mosses and ferns: non-flowering plants. angiosperms and gymnosperms: flowering plants.

EXTENSION PAGE 64 1. Read the text and answer the questions. questions. a. Floral emblems are usually plants that grow in abundance in the country. b. The floral emblem of England is the rrose. ose. c. OA  d. OA  e. OA 

Natural Science 3   111  

 Answer key  PAGE 65 1. Read and write T  (true)  (true) or F  (false).  (false). Then, correct the false sentences.

5. Find and circle five parts of a flower. flower. Then, complete the sentences.

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a. T; b. F; c. T; d. T; e. F.  The plant’s plant’s sweet-scented leaves attract insects.  A Venus flytrap takes about a week to digest an insect. 2. Search the Internet for carnivorous plants. Choos Choose e one and complete the index card. OA 

 ASSESSMENT  PAGE 66 1. Label the plant. Then, answer the question. left column: stem.

a. It is the female part of the flower. It contains the ovary. ovary. It is the pistil.

right column: leaves, roots.

b. The sepals are the small green green leaves that protect the flower.

• The stem is woody. T Trees rees have a woody stem called a trunk.

c. The stamens are the male parts of the flower. flower. They produce pollen.

2. Label the parts of the leaf. Then, rread ead and tick ( ✓ ). left: leaf blade. right: petiole. a. smooth; b. heart-shaped. 3. Read and complete. Flowering plants produce flowers with seeds. The two main groups are angiosperms, like apple trees, and gymnosperms, like pine trees. Mosses and ferns are not non-flowering plants. The roots of mosses are called rhizoids.

d. The petals are coloured leaves. They form the corolla. 6. Match the sentences to the life pr processes ocesses that plants carry out. a. nutrition; b. sensitivity; c. reproduction.

 TEST  PAGE 68 1. c; 2. a; 3. b; 4. b; 5. c; 6. b; 7. b; 8. a; 9. a; 10. a.

INVESTIGATE PAGE 69

PAGE 67 4. Read and complete the text about plant nutrition. Plants make their own food through photosynthesis. They absorb water and mineral salts from the soil through their roots. This mixture is the raw sap. Plants also absorb sunlight and carbon dioxide from the air. They then transform the raw sap into elaborated sap.

OA 

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 Answer key   ANIMALS AND PLANTS

2. Search the Internet for three animal species from the  Arctic tundra. Write what they eat.

REINFORCEMENT 

OA 

PAGE 70

PAGE 73

1. Look and match the pictures to the areas.

1. Read the text and the table. Then, Then, answer the questions.

 A. grassland; B. forest; C. desert; D. shrubland. 2. Read and complete. a. Trees grow in fertile soil with high humidity. Many trees together form a forest. b. Bushes grow in places with poor soil and low humidity humidity..  An area dominated by bushes is a shrubland. c. Grasslands are areas with long periods of drought. T Trees rees and bushes are scarce because they need water all year round. d. Deserts do not have much water and the soil is arid.  There is little vegetation. Only plants that need little water can live in deserts. 3. Where do these animals li live? ve? Explain.

a. the sloth; b. the cheetah; c. on land; d. in the air. 2. Find your favourite animal on the Internet. OA 

 ASSESSMENT  PAGE 74 1. Write the names of these areas.  A. desert; B. shrubland; C. forest; D grassland. 2. Read and write T  (true)  (true) or F   (false). (false). Then, correct the false sentences. a. T; b. F; c. T; d. F; e. T.

MA  Seabirds spend most of their lives over the sea. They only

Pines, oaks and beeches are types of trees. Deserts are areas with arid soil and low humidity.

go to land to reproduce. Squirrels live most of the time in trees and swing from branch to branch. PAGE 71

3. What is vegetation? vegetation? Explain.  Vegetation is all the plants in an area, region or country. country. 4. Read and complete the words. a. vegetation; b. drought; c. savannah; d. shrubland.

4. Find and circle eight animals. Then, write.

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PAGE 75 5. Read the text and complete. Some aquatic animals live in the sea. They are marine animals. Others live in fresh water, in lakes or rivers.  Aquatic animals spend most of their lives in water. Many of them breathe in oxygen from the water through gills. Others come to the surface of the water to breathe in air, through lungs. 6. Circle the correct correct animal. a. bat; b. mussel; c. skater; d. snake; e. duck.

5. Classify these marine animals.  They breathe through lungs: whales, seals, turtles.  They breathe through gills: sharks, sardines, tuna. 6. Write T  (true)  (true) or F  (false).  (false). a. T; b. T; c. F; d. F; e. T; f. F.

EXTENSION PAGE 72

7. Read, then write the correct word. a. trees; b. slither; c. underground.

 TEST  PAGE 76 1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b; 5. c; 6. b; 7. a; 8. a; 9. b; 10. a.

INVESTIGATE

1. Read the text and circl circle e the correct word word..

PAGE 77

 

a. Tundras are found in the Arctic.

OA 

 

b. In the summer, there are 24 hours a day of sunlight.

 

c. The top layer of the soil is the permafrost.

 

d. Winter in the Arctic tundra is extremely cold.

 

e. Global warming is harming the Arctic tundra.

Natural Science 3   113

 

 Answer key  MATTER

2. Find and circle six ice cream flavours. Then, write.

REINFORCEMENT 

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1. Complete tthe he sentences.

 

Everything around us that takes up space is made up of matter. All objects have two properties: mass, which is the amount of matter in an object, and volume, which is the amount of space an object occupies. The different types of matter are called substances. 2. How do you measur measure e mass and volume? Look and match. milk: volume. cheese: mass. 3. What are the three states of water? Write solid , liquid or gas.  A. solid.; B. gas; C. liquid. 4. Write yes or no and give an example.

PAGE 81 1. Read the text and answer the questions. questions. a. The Millennium Bridge is in London.

solids: yes, yes. MA. ice.

b. You can see many of London’s London’s historical buildings, such

liquids: no, yes. MA. juice. gases: no, no. MA. oxygen.

as St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Globe Theatre. c. The Millennium Bridge is made of concrete and and steel. d. It can hold up to 5,000 people at one time.

PAGE 79 5. Use the clues to complete the changes of state. a. melting; b. solidification; c. evaporation; d. condensation. 6. Label the diagram. top: condensation, solidification.

e. It opened in 2000. f. Because when it opened in 2000, people said the bridge moved under their feet. g. OA 

 ASSESSMENT 

bottom: evaporation, melting. 7. Which photo shows a chemical change? Ti Tick ck ( ✓ ).  The photo of the candles shows a chemical change.

PAGE 82 1. Answer the questions. a. Matter is everything around us that takes up space.

EXTENSION

b. Volume is the amount of space an object occupies.

PAGE 80

c. Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas. d. A substance is each type of matter. matter.

1. Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.

2. Use the clues to complete the text.

a. T; b. F; c. F; d. T.

 All objects have two properties in common: mass and

Ice cream melts when the temperature increases.

volume. Objects also have other properties, depending on

When ice cream melts, there is a physical change.

what substances they are made of. These properties are: colour, smell, lustre and hardness. These properties help us to distinguish one substance s ubstance from another. 3. Label the illustrations.  A. solid; B. liquid; C. gas.

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 Answer key  PAGE 83

MATERIALS MA TERIALS AND MACHINES

4. Write T  (true)  (true) and F  (false).  (false). Then, correct the false sentences.

REINFORCEMENT 

a. T; b. F; c. F.

PAGE 86

Liquids have a fixed volume, but their shape can change.

1. Classify the materials.

Gases do not have a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.

natural materials: granite, wood, wo od, leather. man-made materials: paper p aper,, glass, pottery. p ottery.

5. Read and cross out the wrong words. words. a.  Chemical changes / Physical changes  are when substances change into different substances. b. Contraction / Combustion is a physical change. c. Matter / A mixture is when two or more substances are mixed together t ogether.. 6. What physical change takes place? Write mixture, change of shape, change of size or change of state. a. mixture; b. change of shape; c. change of size; d. change of state. 7. Complete the chart with solidification, condensation,  melting and evaporation.

2. Tick ( ✓ ) the materials that come from animals. wool, leather, silk. 3. Read and match. a. Hemp is used to make fabrics. b. Wood is used to make furniture. c. Cotton is used to make fabrics. 4. Complete the stages involved in making paper. paper. a. Wood is broken up into small pieces. b. The pieces are mixed with other substances to mak make e pulp.

top: melting, evaporation.

c. The pulp is filter filtered ed to get rid of impurities.

bottom: solidification, condensation.

d. The paper pulp is spread onto a moving belt. e. The final product is wound onto spools.

 TEST  PAGE 87 PAGE 84 1. b; 2. c; 3. a; 4. c; 5. c; 6. b; 7. b; 8. a; 9. b; 10. a.

INVESTIGATE PAGE 85 OA 

5. How do these machines work? Use the key and circle. red: hi-fi, fan, computer. blue: scissors, stapler, pencil sharpener. 6. Choose two machines from Activity 5. Explain what they are used for for.. a. MA. We use scissors to cut things. b. MA. We use a computer to c communicate ommunicate and to work. 7. Classify these machines. simple machines: plier s, pulley. compound machines: fan, telephone. 8. Complete the crossword crossword about simple machines. machines. 1. inclined plane; 2. lever; 3. wheel; 4. pulley.

EXTENSION PAGE 88 1. Circle the illustration of of the oldest wheel. Then, answer the question. C. • MA. I think it is the oldest wheel because wheels with

spokes and wheels made of metal were invented later. 2. Think about life before the invention invention of the wheel. How do you think people moved heavy objects? MA. People used animals to transport heavy objects. PAGE 89

1. Read and write True or False. a. False; b. True; c. True; d. True; e. False.

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 Answer key  2. Search the Internet. How is paper rrecycled? ecycled? Write three or four sentences describing the process. OA 

ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT REINFORCEMENT  PAGE 94

 ASSESSMENT  PAGE 90 1. Name the materials used to (man-made) make these next objects. Then, write N (natural) or M to each material. top row: plastic (M), leather (N). bottom row: wool (N), wood (N), rubber (M), glass (M). 2. Write the raw materials. a. paper: wood; b. iron: minerals; c. plastic: petroleum. 3. Write T (true) or F (false). a. F; b. T; c. T; d. F; e. T. 4. Name one invention for each category category.. Then, write what energy it uses. MA 

1. Complete the crossword about forms of of energy. 1. electrical; 2. thermal; 3. chemical; 4. nuclear; 5. mechanical; 6. light. 2. Circle six energy sources sources and classify them. sun, petroleum, wind, natural gas, coal, water. renewable energy sources: sun, wind, water. non-renewable energy sources: petroleum, natural gas, coal. 3. Complete the sentences. a. In a toaster, toaster, electrical energy transforms into thermal energy. b. In a light bulb, electrical energy transforms into light energy. c. In a torch, chemical energy transforms into light energy energy..

invention: bicycle, radio, vacuum cleaner.

PAGE 95

energy: human, electrical, electrical.

4. How do we know tthese hese things have got energy? Write Write an example for each.

PAGE 91 5. Complete tthe he sentences. a. Machines save us time and effort. b. A telephone is a machine that lets us communicate. c. All machines need energy to work. d. Scissors need energy from people to work. 6. Write what type of energy these machines use.  A. energy from people; B. electrical energy; C. energy from fuel; D. energy from wind. 7. Complete the text.  A bicycle is a complex machine because it is made up of many operating parts. It has got two wheels, a handle bar that helps steer the bicycle, and two pedals that act as levers. The pedals turn a gear that moves a chain.  The chain connects the pedals to the back wheel.  The bicycle needs energy from people to work.

 TEST  PAGE 92 1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a; 6. b; 7. b; 8. a; 9. b; 10. c.

MA  a. the wind: It can move the sails of a windsurf. b. a football player: He/She can run around around and kick a ball. 5. Read and correct this sentence. Wind, water and sunlight are renewable energy sources.  They will never run out! 6. What fossil fuels are they? Read and answer. answer. a. petroleum; b. coal; c. natural gas. 7. Read and match. a. thermal power plants; b. solar power plants; c. wind farms; d. hydroelectric power plants. 8. Look at the photos and describe the environmental problem. MA  Pollution is the accumulation of harmful substances and waste products in soil, water and air. These harmful substances cause many problems: harmful smoke from cars and factories, dirty soil and water, and global warming.

EXTENSION PAGE 96

INVESTIGATE

1. Read the text and answer the questions. questions.

PAGE 93

a. The steam engine was invented in the 18th century.

OA 

b. James Watt invented the steam engine. c. The steam engine was used in many different ways. For example, it was used in factories, in mines and for

means of transport, especially trains.

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Natural Science 3

 

 Answer key  2. Explain how the steam engine w works. orks. What kind of energy does water vapour have? Water vapour is produced by burning coal to heat water to extremely high temperatures. The energy from the water vapour moves the wheel at a steady rhythm. Water vapour has ther mal energy.

8. Write three different ways to save energy. energy. MA  Switch the tap off while brushing your teeth. Use public transport. Control the temperature of the heating and the air conditioning.

PAGE 97 1. Read the text and answer the q questions. uestions.

 TEST 

a. Windmills use energy from wind to work.

PAGE 100

b. Windmills were used to grind grains of wheat and make flour.

1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. b; 5. a; 6. b; 7. a; 8. b; 9. c; 10. a.

c. mechanical.

INVESTIGATE

d. Modern windmills still have big sails.

PAGE 101

e. No, modern wind farms aren’t used to grind grain. They are used to generate electricity.

OA 

 ASSESSMENT  PAGE 98 1. What is energy? Define in your own words. MA  Energy is something that has the power to move or change the position of something else. 2. Complete the forms of energy energy.. a. mechanical; b. chemical; c. thermal; d. electrical; e. nuclear; f. light. 3. What type of energy have they go got? t? a. chemical; b. nuclear; c. light; d. mechanical; e. mechanical; f. thermal. 4. Write energy transformations iin n each object.  A. chemical into mechanical; B. electrical into light; C. electrical into mechanical. 5. Write the names of the p power ower plants.  A. solar power plant; B. hydroelectric power plant; C. wind farm. PAGE 99 6. Classify the types of energy sources. Then, answer the questions. renewable energy sources: sunlight, wind, water. non-renewable energy sources: coal, petroleum, uranium. a. Renewable energy sources will never run out but non-renewable energy sources will. b. Fossil fuels are non-renewable becau because se they will run out one day. 7. Match the type of power station to its source of energy energy.. thermal power station: fossil fuels. hydroelectric power station: water. wind farm: wind.

nuclear power station: uranium.

Natural Science 3   117

 

Art director: José Crespo Design coordinator: Rosa Marín Design team: Cover design: Estudio Pep Carrió   Cover photograph: Leila Méndez Design development coordinator: Javier Tejeda Design development: development: Raúl de Andrés and Jorge Gómez Tobar Technical director: Ángel García Encinar

Marisa Valbuena

Technical Layout: Evacoordinators: Hernández and Pedro Valencia Art coordination: Carlos Aguilera

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