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NOVEMBER 2012

H I, KIDS MAKE A TERRARIUM: PAGE 48

LETTER of the MONTH e Dear Fiona , but also for us e for my own kidstheme of wildlife zin ga ma S KID e I often buy the NG, KidZart. Last year I tackled th awareness with the in my art school focused on the issue of rhino ince where a lot d e in Limpopo provas their parents conservation an me to art. We liv g children who ca are sensitive to rhino poachin e most beautiful n th of these childre act with the issues. They made animals) from are in close cont rhinos (and some other wild of es ur pt de ul sc ma re 3-D e structures we papier-mâché. Th cardboard box d an r pe pa ws ne of ade were mostly gr e pieces. The kids ents. I would lik ud st six to ur fo their images as to share some ofwith January’s ll we d ide inc co it s. COOL! focus on rhino

Send us your let know when your ters, pictures and comments . Le birthday is. We want to hear frot us m you! • Write

to us at: Cape Town 80 The Editor, NG KIDS, PO Box 74 00 0, • Send an e-mail . SMS* a letter to [email protected] or to “NGK Letters ” at 33970. * Standa

rd rates apply for MMSs, so ask you Free SMSs do not r parents first! apply. See www.n SMSs cost R1,50 gkids.co.za for ter . ms and condition s.

Earth really is a special planet. It has water and an atmosphere that shelters us, the plants and animals from the worst of the sun’s rays. We are part of a huge system called a biosphere. In 1991 eight people were sealed into a glass building that was completely closed off from the outside world. The idea was to work out “the recipe” for the eco-systems that keep us alive. They had a mini-ocean, rainforest, savannah area as well as farmland where they kept animals and grew fruit and vegetables. The project was called Biosphere 2 and was successful, apart from problems controlling the levels of carbon dioxide... and an explosion of the cockroach population! The people spent two years inside, with a few bursts of extra oxygen, and showed that with some tweaks it might be possible to build a module for humans to live on another planet. There are millions of planets and so far we haven’t found a squeak of life anywhere else, but scientists are working out whether it might be possible for humans to live away from Earth. As far as we know we have the only planet with life – and very intelligent life at that. We can build rockets that visit other planets and make robots like the one on page 18 that might be part of your family by the time you have kids. But if we are so smart, why have we messed things up so badly? There is no simple answer to that. Luckily we have lots of clever ideas for making the planet a better place to live for future generations and the intelligence to realise that it’s up to all of us to look after our world. No need to start looking for somewhere else to live just yet. So celebrate Earth Day on 22 April by appreciating what a special place this is and committing to doing at least one thing to make it better.

Kind regards , Louis Trichardt Mariza Joubert

subscribers of the month

Dare to Explore!

The Monar ch butterfli es are in trouble! To create aw areness, w hid ten of them in th e e magazin Here’s on e. e, but can yo all ten? u spot

April’s subscribers of the month are Rebecca Maccallum from Johannesburg, Stesan Marais from Brackenfell, Amy Ross from Johannesburg, Estalie Woodley from Sasolburg and Rustenburg Primary. They’ve each won* a copy of the book Oz The Great and Powerful valued at R120. Small-time circus magician Oscar Diggs’ life suddenly changes when he’s hurled away from uneventful Kansas to the enchanting Land of Oz. Its inhabitants think that he’s the great wizard they’ve been waiting for – fame and fortune is his for the taking. But three very powerful witches start to question Oscar’s abilities. As things get dangerous, Oscar must quickly figure out who is good and fight any wicked forces. Can he transform himself into the great and powerful wizard of Oz and also into a better man? Go to www.penguinbooks.co.za for more information. * See terms and conditions on page 49.

National Geographic KIDS

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EDITORIAL Editor Fiona Thomson [email protected] Editorial and Digital Assistant Shounees Moola [email protected] Senior Designer Monique Petersen Copy Editor Pieter van der Lugt PUBLISHING General Manager Lizl de Swardt Associate Publisher Nikki Ruttiman

Freaky Frogs

page 10

Fun with freaky frogs.

Get Ready For Robots Meet the cool robots that could be soon part of your family.

page 18

30 Cool Things Made from Recycled Materials

ADVERTISING SALES & SOLUTIONS Sales Director Craig Nicholson [email protected] Business Manager (Women’s) Marilize Hay [email protected] Business Manager (KZN) Eugene Marais [email protected] Business Manager: Digital Terance Winson [email protected] Sales Manager (JHB) Bianca Quinn [email protected] 083 375 1721 Sales Manager (CPT) Abigail Wilmot [email protected] 083 212 1141 Sales Executive(National) Lynne Deacon 073-704-8793

MARKETING and PR Marketing Executive Lisel Daniels Tel.: 021-443-9857 Admin Assistant Lulama Joe CIRCULATION SALES & SOLUTIONS Circulation Manager Adele Minnaar(011) 217 3263 Subscription Manager Dilshaad Hassan(021) 443 9937 SUBSCRIPTIONS All subscription payments to: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS, PO Box 1802, Cape Town 8000 or NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS, Free Post, CB0006, Cape Town 8000 RSA Tel.: 0860-103-578 Fax: 021-405-1033 E-mail: [email protected] National Geographic KIDS Cape Town: ABSA Building, Lifestyle Division, 18th floor, 4 Adderley Street, Cape Town Tel.: 021-443-9871; Postal address: PO Box 740, Cape Town 8000 directors John Relihan, Raj Lalbahadur reproduction Media24 printing Paarl Media Cape DISTRIBUTION:

page 20

Win Trendy Kids’ Luggage Sets Take our survey and win funky suitcases for kids

! WIN

page 25

Behind the Scenes of the New Movie Oz the Great and Powerful. page 36

DEPARTMENTS 6 Pet Friends Forever

29 Calendar

49 Spot The Difference

9 Amazing Animals

42 Fun Factory

48 Family Project

23 Poster

43 Fun Stuff

50 Just Joking

On the Cover Cover Photograph: aldebaron robotics / ed alcock (neo) Cover insets: © 2012 disney /pix ar (oz); ISTOCK PHOTO (ILLUSTRATIONS) PAGE 3: monique petersen (fiona); istockphoto (illustrations); images supplied PAGE 4: © © stephen dalton / nature picture library (frogs); © aldebaron robotics / ed alcock (neo 2012 disney / pixar (oz); sebastian voigt (neckl ace); IMAGES SUPPLIED (LUGGAGE); © 2012 disney /pix ar (oz)

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS is published and distributed 12 times a year by Media24, with permission of the National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036. Published by the NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY Chairman of the Board and CEO John M. Fahey, Jr. President Timothy T. Kelly President, Publishing and Digital Media Declan Moore Executive Vice President Terrence B. Adamson International Publishing: Yulia Boyle, Vice President Diana Z. Jaksic, Director Jennifer C. Jones, Manager Cynthia Combs, Rights Manager NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS Magazine Executive Vice President and Worldwide Publisher Claudia Malley Chief Creative Officer, Books, Kids, and Family Melina Gerosa Bellows Senior Vice President, Kids Publishing and Media Nancy Laties Feresten Vice President Julie Vosburgh Agnone Design Director, Books, and Kids Publishing and Media Jonathan Halling Executive Editor Rachel Buchholz Senior Editor, Science Catherine D. Hughes Editorial: Andrea Silen, Associate Editor; Nick Spagnoli, Copy Editor; Kay Boatner, Assistant Editor Photo: Jay Sumner, Photo Director, Kids Publishing and Media; Kelley Miller, Senior Editor; Lisa Jewell, Editor Art: Eva Absher, Design Director, Kids Publishing and Media; Nicole M. Lazarus, Art Director; Julide Obuz Dengel, Designer NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORER and EXTREME EXPLORER Vice President and Publisher Francis Downey Art Director and Designer Karen Thompson Editors Brenna Maloney, Sara Chauhan, Macon Morehouse Designer James Wildman Photo Editor Shannon Hibberd, Mary Ann Price Copyright Media24. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or be transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without prior consent of Media24.

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Snowy owls are birds of prey. They’re built to survive winter in the Arctic, where they are top predators.

Stealthy Hunters How these birds of prey stay on the move to survive in cold climates A snowy owl can reach a top speed of 80 kilometres per hour.

By KAreN De Seve

T

he winter wind blows across the open landscape. Short grasses and bushes struggle to stay upright, but a snowy owl hovers effortlessly in mid-air. His powerful wings, with a total span of 1,5 metres, defies the wind and allows him to hang nearly motionless with his eyes fixed on a small rodent. The owl is shooting forward to grab a rat when… whoosh! Aeroplane engines blast overhead, breaking the bird’s concentration and scaring the rat back underground. The young male owl began life in the Arctic about five months ago. This winter he flew hundreds of kilometres south to

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Logan International Airport near the city of Boston in America. Perched on a fence at the airport border, he turns his head upside down to clean his downy coat. His white feathers are tipped with brown stripes. When he’s mature, he’ll be almost all white. He hears something, spins his head to look behind him and launches. Like a stealth plane he glides silently for three kilometres until his keen eyes find a target at the water’s edge. He manoeuvres gracefully, stretches out his talons and snatches an unsuspecting duck. His sensitive feet tell him he killed it on impact. Dinner is served.

Raptors on the Move

Snowy owls are nomads that migrate to and from their Arctic breeding grounds each spring and autumn in a quest for food. The airport is a popular winter destination in the northeast of America. “The habitat here is like the tundra, with short grass and rolling hills,” says Norman Smith, a raptor biologist and director of the Blue Hills Trailside Museum. “There are lots of rodents and the airport is surrounded by water, so there are ducks and other waterfowl.” Snowy owls show up at the airport between November and April each year, the Northern Hemisphere winter. Norman has caught and released about 450 owls national GeoGraphic KiDS

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: FOeUchR eckout,

Go to th it card enter cred nload dow details and ! your e-zine

We know how much you love your pets. Now you can send us photos, drawings and letters especially for this page! You can also send questions about your pet to our NG KIDS vet.

SWEET BREEDS

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Dalmatians have oodles of energy and need a long daily walk or run.

2

They can have a large number of pups at once – up to 15.

3

More than 200 puppies were trained for the 1996 film version of 101 Dalmatians.

ISTOCKPHOTO (BURMESE CAT); ALL other images supplied

Facts about Dalmatian dogs

If you have questions about your pets (whether furry, feathered or scaled), ask our local NG KIDS vet, Professor Paws.

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ways to make your pet friend eco-friendly:

1 Scoop the

Q: What should I feed my pet rat?

2

A: Rats are omnivores like humans. They thrive on fresh fruit and vegetables and a bit of meat. For the protein, you can give them rat pellets. Some examples of the kinds of fruit and vegetables they like: banana, melons, apples, oranges, fresh corn (not too much), celery, berries, carrots. Rats can easily put on too much weight if they eat too much seed or grains as they are high in fat and rats pick out their favourites from a seed mix. They can have small quantities of treats like biscuits, cooked pasta and breakfast cereals.

Give them made

toys

recycled materials. Try a

poopinto

natural 3 Use pet care

from

biodegradable pet bedmade from an

bags.

particularly if you are your dog

washing outdoors.

old tyre.

Dear Fiona

Dear Fiona

The liveliest, cutest, most reliable little doggie ... That’s my mutt Jessie. She has beautiful brown eyes and a lively tail which she loves chasing. We call her a pavement special because she’s a cross between a Jack Russell and a Dachshund. She’s shown us once again it’s not who or what you are but the size of your heart that makes you special and unique! She might cost us a lot with her appetite or drive us out of the house with her barking sometimes, but she’s more than just my pet. She’s my best friend with the biggest heart for such a small body! – Dorette Bester, 13, Groot Jongsfontein

I love reading NG KIDS! Here is a picture of my dog, Molly, reading the September issue. She was very interested in “Chipmunk Rescue.” I have another dog, Amy, that is very naughty. She chewed up the June issue. My favourite part of the September issue was “Hero Mum”. I love to learn about animals as well. Lions are among my favourite animals but my ultimate favourite animal is an elephant. Thanks for all the great magazines. – Chloe Woodhouse, 11, Johannesburg

Jessie

cleaning products,

Molly

Send us your pet-related letters, questions, pictures, drawings and jokes! • E-mail to [email protected] • Ask a parent to post your pet on our Facebook page at www.facebook.com/NationalGeographicKidsSA • Send a letter to The Editor, PO Box 740, Cape Town 8000

We would love to meet your pets!

OeLntions CO inv

folding

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c Just because you have a small bathroom doesn’t mean you can’t have a tub. Designed for bathrooms with limited space, the Tulip is a concept for a shower that transforms into a bathtub. Rough day at soccer practice? Simply pull down on the front to open the tub, fill it with water, and slip in under the suds. A wireless touch screen panel lets you control underwater jets to massage your sorest muscles. What a way to chill out.

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car and boat The Humdinga is a vehicle that knows how to make a splash. This truck can turn into a speedboat. Unlike similar vehicles, the Humdinga can lift its wheels completely out of the water, allowing it to speed through the waves. Going from street to surf is easy – just drive it down a ramp or beach until the wheels are submerged, then press a button to fold up the wheels. Now it’s a boat. The Humdinga is designed for disaster relief, such as bringing supplies to flood zones, but it also can be used for fun. Picture yourself driving along the streets of Cape Town and straight into Table Bay for a lap around Robben Island. Now that’s the way to go sightseeing.

See-Through TV

g in

drivin

open

BY CATHY LU

A switched-off TV no longer has to be a big black box taking over the room. The Loewe Invisio, a concept TV, “disappears” when it’s not in use. You can see right through the TV’s two clear screens. When the TV is turned on, the screen in the back turns black, providing a background for the picture that appears on the front screen. Shut off the Invisio, and both screens off turn clear again. Just remember you can’t really hide the Invisio if you get caught watching TV before finishing your homework.

on

gibbs technologies (humdinga, BOTH); © PIOTR PYRTEK (TULIP, BOTH); © MICHAEL FRIEBE (LOEWE INVISIO TURNED ON); © DAVID BUTLER (LIVING ROOM), © MICHAEL FRIEBE (INVISIO TURNED OFF), IMAGE DIGITALLY COMPOSED

APRIL 2013

Gorillas Outsmart hunters Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda

Rwema and Dukore, two young mountain gorillas, were lounging in their rainforest home when they spotted something in the nearby bushes. It was a snare to catch animals with rope. A hunter had left it there. Thinking quickly, the apes dashed over and pulled apart the rope trap. Noticing another snare a short distance away, the gorillas destroyed it as well. Hunters set snares to catch game such as antelope. But other animals, including small apes, also get caught in these traps. “Though it’s possible they were just playing, we think they understood the snares were dangerous, so they did something about it,” says Veronica Vecellio of the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund. Its team members witnessed the feat. To Veronica’s knowledge, no one has ever seen a young gorilla dismantle a trap in the wild. “These creatures are smart,” she says. “Rwema and Dukore showed what incredible things apes will do to protect their families.” – John Micklos, Jr.

nothing gets past me!

In this photo, taken from above, Dukore grasps a broken branch that held the rope trap he destroyed.

Daniel Lisa

Rwema and Dukore

d r a p o e L a ’s e Sh s k n i Rabbit Th Hodenhagen, Germany

Lisa the rabbit definitely has a wild side – sometimes she would act more like a big cat than a bunny. Playing chase with her leopard pal, Paulchen, Lisa would zoom after her friend and then go in for a playful pounce! Zookeepers at the Serengeti Park where the animals live, had placed the rabbit and leopard cub in the same enclosure to keep each other company. The two quickly became buddies and Lisa started acting like a leopard. Her favourite game was to pretend she was hunting her much larger pal. She scampered after Paulchen and leaped on to him, or got on a table and tackled him from above. “I’ve seen felines play like this, but not rabbits,” says keeper Jessica Hamza. “It was funny to watch her behave like a cat.” As the animals grew up, the leopard moved in with his species and Lisa joined two monkeys. “Now she acts like the monkeys,” Jessica says. “They climb together and groom one another.” This little friend knows how to blend in! – Elisabeth Deffner

national Geographic KIDS

The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International (gorillas, both); HOLGER HOLLEMANN / AFP / Getty Images (lisa and paulchen)

what should we play next? don’t say hopscotch.

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fun with fr by Ruth A. Musgrave

Nearly 6 000 species of frogs hop, burrow, climb, swim and even soar in exotic ecosystems around the world – and your own neighbourhood. Some do startling things to adapt and they are incredibly good at surviving. “There’s such marvelous diversity in frogs,” says National Geographic Emerging Explorer Lucy Cooke, who has been a frog fan since she was a kid. “You never get bored with them.” Here are ten frogs whose freakish good looks and bizarre lifestyles will turn you into a frog fan.

group AAgroup frogsisis offrogs of calledan an called army. army.

Most frogs have teeth only on their upper jaw.

Frog-zilla! Biggest Smallest Discovery In 2009, on the rainforest floor in Papua New Guinea, scientists discovered the planet’s smallest frog species, known only as paedophryne amauensis. It’s also the world’s smallest vertebrate – animals with a backbone. A couple of them could sit on a ten cent coin and still have room!

Tipping the scales at 3 kilograms and with a sitting length of 31,7 centimetres, the goliath frog from Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea is bigger than a chihuahua. It’s the world’s largest frog and can leap ten times its body length, or about three metres in one hop. Its body and legs can stretch to 75 centimetres, a little longer than a tennis racket.

reaky frogs! Warning Label

Burping up Baby The male Darwin’s frog of Argentina and Chile gives “birth” like a seahorse, but in his own weird way. The female lays eggs and the male guards them for about 20 days. Just before they hatch, he gobbles them up. The tadpoles grow and change into frogs safely inside his throat pouch. “The pregnant male’s throat is a mass of wriggling tadpole tails,” Lucy says. “It’s incredible to see.” After 50 to 60 days inside this unusual nursery, the big day arrives and daddy burps up more than a dozen baby frogs.

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© stephen dalton / nature picture library (big picture); © national news / zuma press (frog on dime); © andrew murray / nature picture library (goliath); © michael & patricia fogden / minden pictures (darwin’s frog)

From the top, the Oriental fire-bellied toad from Korea, China and southeastern Russia appears to be a mild-mannered frog. If threatened, though, it flashes its brightly coloured belly to warn predators they can look but shouldn’t touch. Not only is it toxic, it’s covered with sharp warts.

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Kiss Me and Croak A golden poison frog has enough poison on its skin to kill several men. “It’s only about two centimetres long,” Lucy says. “But it’s the most poisonous vertebrate on the planet.” The tiny toxic frog from Colombia doesn’t make its own poison. It absorbs toxins from the beetles, ants, flies, termites and crickets that it eats. Unlike most frogs, it boldly rests out in the open for everyone to see. Its colour warns enemies to stay away. Being armed with enough poison to drop half a soccer team means there’s no need to hide.

Clearly See-through “Glass frogs are beautiful and delicate,” Lucy says. “They really seem to be made of glass.” These frogs from Central and South America are translucent (almost see-through, like fogged glass). Their camouflage makes the animals nearly invisible or look like a bump on a leaf. Some even have green bones to really sell the invisibility act to predators. “If you flip one over, you can see its heart beating through its skin,” Lucy says.

Frogs live on every continent

except

Antarctica.

© stephen dalton / nature picture library (big picture); © mark moffet / minden pictures (golden poison frog); © pete oxford / nature picture library (glass frog); © thomas marent / minden pictures (horned frog); © d. parer & e. parer-cook / auscape / minden pictures (waterholding frog); thomas kitchin & victoria hurst / leesonphoto. all rights reserved (wood frog)

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APRIL 2013

Big Gulp Go ahead and yell, “Hey, big mouth!” The Amazonian horned frog won’t be offended. Its mouth is 1,6 times wider than its entire body length. It eats anything it can fit inside that mega mouth, including rodents, snakes, lizards and even frogs. It swallows the prey whole. Sometimes its eyes are bigger than its stomach. Some Amazonian horned frogs have tried to eat prey that was larger than themselves.

An amphibian is a frog, toad, newt,

salamander, or caecilian.

Flying Frog Why hop when you can fly? To escape predators or search for food, Wallace’s flying frogs glide from tree to tree. These amphibians live high up in the rainforest canopy in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Rather than climbing down one tree and up another, they fly. “It’s like the superhero of the rainforest,” Lucy says. With its webbed feet and side flaps of skin, this 10-centimetre-long frog can glide up to 15 metres.

Waiting for Water “Water-holding frog” is more than a name – it’s a lifestyle. To survive between rains in the scorching Australian desert, this frog stores its own water in its bladder and special sacs. It also burrows deep into the ground, where it creates a waterproof cocoon out of layers of shed skin to hold in its body’s water. It waits weeks, months, even years for rain. Then it digs out to eat and breed before returning underground to wait for the next rain. Australia’s native people sometimes use the water-holding frog to quench their thirst. They give it a gentle squeeze for a drink, then release it unharmed.

Batrachology is the study of

amphibians. Frog-sicle During the winter, wood frogs hide beneath leaves throughout Alaska, Canada and parts of the northeastern United States. They survive the winter by freezing and thawing with everything else. When the final spring thaw arrives, the wood frog thaws as well and goes back to hopping and hunting.

national Geographic KIDS

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Nick l’Ange (ART)

1

Filling up your car with liquid from animals and plants that lived millions of years ago is just so last century. Petrol may well have had its day. Instead of polluting the air with nasty chemicals and puffing out greenhouse gases, why not move along in an air-powered car? It won’t pollute the atmosphere and you can’t run out of air “fuel”. How does it worK? The air has to be compressed and stored in a tank like you might use for scuba diving. When the compressed air is released, it can drive the pistons that power the engine. Will it happen? A French car manufacturer has made a hybrid car, which means it runs on a mixture of energy sources. Its petrol engine will only kick in when you get close to 70 kilometres per hour. This would save you a lot on petrol money and produce less harmful gases.

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To make a tree house, you saw planks and nail them down together to make a platform. Then you start on the walls. What if you could make a tree house out of the tree instead? You wouldn’t have to come down at night either, because you’ll live there. It would be your tree home. How does it work? People have been bending branches to form walls and fences for centuries. Grafting is also an ancient trick. It means tying tissue from one plant to another. Feed both and the new plant attaches itself to the host. It becomes part of the same plant. By bending branches and grafting you could grow a living tree house! Will it happen? American architect Mitchell Joachim has designed buildings that are alive and others that have live parts. He says you could grow villages, but it might take up to ten years before people can move in.

national Geographic KIDS

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3

4 It’s not just about finishing what’s on your plate or getting rid of the rubbish bin, it’s about removing waste all along the way. Restaurants often throw out piles of packaging and mounds of leftover food. But there are simple things restaurant managers can do to reduce the waste. How does it work? Collecting paper, glass, cans and plastic for recycling is good, but some restaurants are cutting down on this, too. One restaurant in Durban returns empty

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juice bottles to the supplier, so they can be reused. Some restaurants are growing food – one restaurant in the centre of Cape Town has a veggie garden on its roof. Will it happen? Getting to zero is quite a challenge. America has a star system for how green a restaurant is. This year’s greenest restaurant award went to Uncommon Ground in Chicago. It beat the competition by scoring well on about a hundred things like using salvaged furniture and non-bleached napkins.

More than half of the population of South Africa live in cities. Experts say within 18 years 300 million Chinese will move to their country’s cities. Imagine all of them driving to work or school in cars every day! That’s why town planners are thinking vertical is the way to go. How does it work? Take all the things that make a cool city to live in and place them in connected areas in a tall building. It may be a good thing for the planet, because some studies show city people have smaller carbon footprints than their country cousins. In cities of the future there will be small farms among the areas for living, working and relaxing. That means food won’t have to be transported from far away, saving time and energy. Will it happen? Nearly a century ago the French architect Le Corbusier imagined sky cities: skyscrapers with 60 storeys, joined by walkways, with glass walls and with an airport on the roof. Seoul, the capital of South Korea, is getting the first skyscraper with an entire city inside it. On its 133 storeys there will be luxury flats, malls, the world’s largest aquarium, a clinic, fancy hotels, restaurants and more. When it opens in 2015, it will be the second-tallest building in the world.

5

Taking the solar panel on your calculator or your roof to a new level, engineers are looking at gathering solar power from space and beaming it back to Earth. How does it work? Curved mirrors direct sunlight onto solar cells. The collected energy is beamed down to anywhere in the world using lasers or microwaves. Sounds simple! It beats solar power on Earth as it could work 24 hours per day and it beats fossil fuel as it doesn’t pollute. The only problem is the huge cost of sending the dish into space. Will it happen? A plan was drawn up in the 1970s by NASA but the cost would have been a trillion dollars, so nothing was done. Now engineers at a Scottish university think they may have found a way to build it for less – a lot less.

national Geographic KIDS

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April 2013

I

school you go home to t’s been a long day. After pal who’s happy to see a by d ete relax. You’re gre ut the holidays, tells abo you, listens to you talk put away your school you a new joke, helps you r cousin happy you S SM to stuff, and reminds you with your homework. bir thday. Then he helps youit all starts with a knee-high and , ure This is your fut ch unced NOW). It looks mu robot called NAO (prono ens , talks and even learns list like you, walks , dances , cre ators pre dic t that the and thinks for itself. Its ld be a home comcou state- of-the -ar t rob ot panion by 2040. an facial features, The robot recognises hum NAO can so it knows who you are. represents the even express emotions. It us, or self-guided mo new generation of autono and act . Other nk robots. They can sense, thi the three. A of robots might do two out using cameras robot might sense things but have no , ers put com ng and think usi do stuff with. arms, wheels or claws to sense Other robots can move and mselves. the things, but can’t think for ots. rob d ide -gu self n’t are se The ts NAO can do it all ... but cos R144 000. Start saving.

Teams of NAO robots play in the RoboCup, a yearly soccer competition for self-guided robots.

By Sean Price

family.

a part of your

could soon be

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national Geographic KIDS

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Check out a video of NAO dancing at kids.nationalgeographic.com/videos/

© ALDEBARAN ROBOTICS / ed alcock (NAO, BOTH); ZSB / WENN / NEWSCOM (PARO); AFP / GETTY IMAGES (OCTOPUS); DARPA (LS3)

This “soft robot” has long arms, such as the one above, that can coil around objects to grab them. Robots like this will help with underwater rescues. They don’t use gears, wheels, or metal, relying instead on stretchy materials that move when filled with water or jolted with electricity.

Robot Octopus

LS3, which stands for Legged Squad Support System, is a robotic pack animal designed to haul things. LS3’s amazingly lifelike legs can carry heavy loads over sand, snow, mud and ice. If LS3 slips, it regains its balance and keeps going. Not only can it carry 181 kilograms of supplies over 32 kilometres, it can also charge your cell phone.

Long Haul

Big and small, hard and soft – robots come in all shapes and sizes.

Paro looks like a stuffed harp seal, but it’s a very complicated robot used to help reduce stress in medical patients. Its Japanese makers programmed Paro to make soothing sounds when it’s petted and to whine like a puppy when ignored. The cuddle time can help calm young patients facing difficult hospital stays.

Cuddly Comfort

ROBOT ROUNDUP

“You can program your computer to give NAO wh at could be called personalit y,” says Nat anel Dukan of Aldebaran Robotics, the Fre company that built NAO. nch It childlike features – a hig has cute, h voi eyes, and a large head. “W ce, small body, big e have an emotional appeal know these things for people,” robot expert Dan Kara says. One of to show people how useful NAO’s main tasks is personal robots can be. Someday it may help you ace a test!

ROBOT PERSONALITY

1

2

3

Fleece made from recycled plastic bottle.

Wheelchair!

Bought with bread tags.

4

5 An empty CD stack box as a lunch box for a bagel.

A watering can FROM an old detergent bottle. Make holes in the cap.

5

6

Roof tiles made from

recycled plastic

A clock

and sand.

made from a recycled bicycle

wheel.

30 COOL RECYC THINGS

MADE FROM

15

14

A mobile from drift wood,

16 A decoration made from used and dried teabags.

magazine paper and

Use an old vuvuzela as a light.

A glass recycled bottle. made from a

20

april 2013

A wallet made from an old map.

A light made from old engine parts, recycled wood and

paper.

21

A library desk made from damaged books.

bits of foil for glitter.

19

18

17

20

A spoon made from a twig and a shell.

7

8

A plastic pot plant holder can be used as a strainer for vegetables fresh from your garden.

9 Use old CDs as funky coasters. Stick two together, paste a piece of felt underneath and

A bowl made from a recycled

cover with thick fabric.

vinyl record. 11 10

A shelf made from an old

wooden crate.

Wrap presents pages from magazines.

with colourful

12

13

A headboard made from an old door.

A sewing kit in an

egg box.

YCLED MATERIALS 22

A pig made from

23

plastic bags.

A bookshelf

24

by fiona thomson

A bag made from recycled

plastic.

made from

25

Beads made from

recycled paper.

an old piano. 27

Chipped glass

jugs or teacups used as

plant holders.

26

A briquetTE made from

grape seeds.

30

28

29

A bike stand made from tyres.

A guitar made from an oil

container.

A ruler made from recycled plastic.

Sebastian Voigt (1; 3; 4; 7; 10; 14; 15; 16; 18; 19; 20; 22; 24; 25; 26; 29); Fiona Thomson (8); Istockphoto (2; 5; 6; 9; 11; 21; 23; 26; 27; 28)

National Geographic KIDS

21

CHEW

BY KAY BOATNER

ON THIS

PIZZA!

You know you love pizza. The ancient Greeks probably did, too! More than 2 000 years ago the Greeks were making round, flat breads covered with oil, herbs, and spices. In 1830, chefs in Naples, Italy, baked their crust in an oven lined with rocks from a nearby volcano. Some say that could have been the first pizzeria – and the restaurant is still open today. Gobble up these other tasty titbits.

MUSHROOMS

are some seriously freaky fungi. They’ve been grown in caves and buried in dung and some even glow in the dark.

The record for the world’s largest round pizza held by a supermarket in Norwood for 22 years was broken in December 2012 in Rome. A team of five Italian chefs made a pizza that was 40 metres across.

A BELL PEPPER

REBECCA HALE / NGS STAFF

is a fruit, not a vegetable.

Most CHEESE is made with the milk of a cow, goat or sheep. The traditional way to make mozzarella is with water buffalo milk.

TOMATOES

can be red, orange, yellow, green, purple, and even striped.

make your own pizza The Margher ita pizza was created in Naples and has the colours of the Italian flag: red tomatoes, green basil and white cheese. Ask a parent to help you make one.

22

April 2013

1

Bake pizza dough at 190 degrees Celsius for about 5 minutes . Brush the crust lightly with 1 teaspoon of olive oil.

2

Top dough with four to five thin tomato slices, a pinch each of dried oregano, salt and pepper. Sprinkle 1 cup of shredded mozzarella over dough.

3

Bake until golden at 220 degrees for 10 to 12 minutes. Sprinkle half a cup of chopped basil over the top.

© 2013 National Geographic Society • NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, National Geographic Kids and Yellow Border and Kids Yellow Border Designs are trademarks of National Geographic Society • All rights reserved • Photo: © Gallo Images/J&C Sohns/Getty Images

National Geographic KIDS

23

Iguana

COMPETITION

NG KIDS READER SURVEY

12 SAMMIES LUGGAGE SETS

Crocodiles often sleep with their mouths open and can pant like a dog.

WORTH R24 000 UP FOR GRABS!

COMPLETE OUR SURVEY NOW & WIN! Take our survey, send it back to us by 23 April 2013 and stand a chance of winning one of 12 Samsonite luggage sets for kids, worth R2 000 each! Each luggage set consists of an upright 50cm suitcase, a backpack, a purse and an umbrella.

SAMSONITE MAKES LITTLE GLOBETROTTERS LOOK FUN AND TRENDY!

Did you Know There are three types of bee in a colony? The queen bee and the worker bees are female and the drone is male.

Samsonite’s Sammies Kids collection is ideal for kids who want to have their own luggage while looking cool. The luggage for littlies is not only a perfect fit for youngsters’ needs but also features creatures that children can’t help but love such as the Ladybird, the Crocodile, the Busy Bee and now the beautiful Butterfly, adorable Elephant and delightful Dog!

Visit www.samsonite.com for more information.

’d If youto fill r prefesurvey the nline, in o e go to plea.nsgkids.co.za. www

Dogs have a better sense of smell than cats.

SURVEY

SECTION ONE

Hi, kids. We want YOUR opinion! We can only make you (even more) happy if you let us know what you think of National Geographic Kids. Grab a pen and make your marks! Make sure you tick only one answer to every question where you see boxes, unless there is a different instruction. Are you ready? Get set and go! You can also complete the survey online at www.ngkids.co.za. 1. I am: ∑ a boy ∑ a girl 2. ∑ ∑ ∑ 3. ∑ ∑ ∑

I am: 6 (or younger) ∑ 7 9 ∑ 10 ∑ 11 13 ∑ 14 (or older)

4. ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

My favourite subject at school is: Languages ∑ Maths Natural sciences ∑ Social Sciences Arts and Culture ∑ Music Life Orientation ∑ Other:_____________

∑ 8 ∑ 12

At home I mostly speak: English ∑ Afrikaans isiXhosa ∑ isiZulu seSotho ∑ Other:_____________

5. I play these sports: (No more than three per season) Winter: ∑ Hockey ∑ Netball ∑ Soccer ∑ Rugby ∑ Cross-country ∑ Other:_____________ Summer: ∑ Waterpolo ∑ Cricket ∑ Volleyball ∑ Basketball ∑ Tennis ∑ Swimming ∑ Dancing ∑ Other:_____________ 6. I like these activities: (Tick a maximum of three) ∑ Dancing ∑ Horseriding ∑ Walking ∑ Mountain biking ∑ Surfing or boogie-boarding ∑ Other:_______________ 7. When I grow up I would most like to be a: ∑ Pro-athlete ∑ Actor, dancer, musician or singer ∑ Scientist or inventor ∑ Veterinarian ∑ Farmer ∑ Photographer or journalist ∑ Teacher ∑ Doctor or nurse ∑ Pilot or flight attendant ∑ Lawyer ∑ Entrepreneur ∑ Chef or cook ∑ Musician or singer ∑ Game ranger ∑ Accountant ∑ Other:_________________________ 8. I have been on this sort of holiday in the past six months: ∑ Safari ∑ Camping ∑ Beach ∑ Overseas ∑ A trip to visit friends and family in another South African city

9. My three favourite fun things to do: ∑ Play sports or any outdoor activity ∑ Spend time with friends ∑ Play video games ∑ Spend time with family ∑ Read ∑ Make or build things ∑ Listen to music ∑ Go to the movies ∑ Watch TV ∑ Play with pets ∑ Other:________________________ 10. My favourite wild animal is a: ∑ Lion ∑ Tiger ∑ Dolphin ∑ Giraffe ∑ Monkey ∑ Rhino ∑ Shark ∑ Other:____________ 11. ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

Which of these pets do you have? (Please tick all that apply) Cat ∑ Dog Fish ∑ Bird Rabbit ∑ Hamster Guinea pig ∑ Horse Don’t have a pet ∑ Other:____________

12. If I could change one thing about the world, I would: ∑ Save the environment ∑ Protect animals ∑ End wars and terrorism ∑ Cure disease ∑ Feed the hungry ∑ End racism and prejudice ∑ Other:____________________________ 13. Who do you admire most? ∑ My mum or dad ∑ People who work for good causes ∑ A famous actor or singer ∑ My grandparents ∑ Business people ∑ My teacher ∑ A famous sports person ∑ Other:___________________________ 14. NG KIDS is usually bought by … ∑ Me! With my own pocket money! ∑ My mum ∑ My dad ∑ My grandparents ∑ A friend ∑ Someone else 15. ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

I usually read (tick all that apply): Nothing but NG KIDS Other magazines Fiction and stories Comic books Non-fiction and factual stuff

16. I first heard about NG KIDS through: ∑ Family ∑ Friends ∑ Internet ∑ School

∑ Advertisements ∑ Saw it in the shop ∑ Don’t remember 17. The things I always do in NG KIDS are (tick all that apply): ∑ Enter competitions ∑ Read the Ed’s Letter ∑ Read the cover story ∑ Fun Stuff ∑ Family Projects ∑ Funny Fill-in ∑ Sports Funnies ∑ Draw a picture for Art Zone 18. ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

I usually read NG KIDS … By myself With my mum or dad With a friend With my brother(s) or sister(s) With my grandparents With another family member With a teacher

19. ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

Once I have read NG KIDS, I … Throw it away Recycle it Give it to other kids to read Add it to my collection

20. The number of other kids who read my copy of NG KIDS is … ∑ One ∑ Two ∑ Three ∑ Four ∑ Four or more ∑ None 21. ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

I would cut up my NG KIDS magazine … For school projects To decorate school books To stick pictures on the wall I would never cut up my NG KIDS mag!

22. I prefer the following on the cover: ∑ Wild animals ∑ Animated movie characters ∑ People ∑ Pets ∑ Places ∑ Other:____________________________ 23. My favourite cover was the: ∑ Rhino (January 2012) ∑ Lion (February 2012) ∑ Wolf (March 2012) ∑ Turtle (April 2012) ∑ Horse (May 2012) ∑ Serval (June 2012) ∑ Grasshopper (July 2012) ∑ Penguin (August 2012) ∑ Lion (September 2012) ∑ Lemur (October 2012) ∑ Panda (November 2012) ∑ Dog (December 2012) 24. My least favourite regular story is: ∑ Pet Friends Forever ∑ Behind the Scenes (movie stories)

If you’d prefer to fill in the survey online, please go to ngkids.co.za

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

Guinness World Records Amazing Animals Weird But True Cool Inventions Fun Factory Bet You Didn’t Know What in the World Extreme Weirdness Just Joking Incredible Animal Friends Art Zone

25. I would like it if there were more of the following stories in NG KIDS: ∑ DIY projects ∑ Event listings ∑ Animal features ∑ Real life stories about kids ∑ Brainteasers ∑ Celebrity news ∑ Culture and Tradition ∑ Science and Maths ∑ Sport 26. In this issue I most loved: ∑ Fun With Freaky Frogs ∑ 30 Cool Things Made Of Recycled Materials ∑ Get Ready for Robots ∑ Oz The Great and Powerful ∑ Chew on This ∑ Family Project ∑ 5 Ideas 27. I prefer to enter a competition by sending … ∑ A letter ∑ An e-mail ∑ An SMS 28. I would most love to win (tick your top three): ∑ Board games ∑ Computer games ∑ Toys ∑ Clothes ∑ Holidays for my family ∑ Books ∑ iPod or MP3 player ∑ iPad ∑ CDs or DVDs ∑ Games consoles ∑ Computer or laptop ∑ Games for PlayStation, Wii or Xbox ∑ Globes or maps of the world ∑ Camera equipment

29. I most like the ads in NG KIDS that … ∑ Are funny and make me laugh ∑ Tell me something interesting ∑ Are cute with animal pictures ∑ Have a puzzle, quiz or other game ∑ Are helpful or show me how to make something step by step ∑ Other:____________________________ 30. Other kids magazines that I read are: ∑ Barbie ∑ Minimag ∑ Marvel Superheroes ∑ Disney Princess ∑ Disney Junior ∑ Disney Fairies ∑ Spur Totem ∑ Foschini Kids SuperClub ∑ Animal Talk ∑ Hoezit! ∑ Other: ____________________________ ∑ None, I only read NG KIDS 31. My favourite toy shop is: ∑ Toys R Us ∑ Reggies ∑ Toy Kingdom ∑ Game ∑ Online (like kalahari.com) ∑ Think Toys ∑ Other:____________________________ 32. My favourite places to buy clothes are (choose two): ∑ Woolworths ∑ Foschini ∑ Edgars ∑ Ackermans ∑ Mr Price ∑ Other: ____________ 33. ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

My favourite places to eat out are (choose three): Spur ∑ Ocean Basket Kauai ∑ Panarottis KFC ∑ McDonald’s Nando’s ∑ Other:____________

34. My favourite lunch box items are (choose two): ∑ Dried fruit ∑ Yoghurt ∑ Juice ∑ Rice crackers ∑ Fresh fruit ∑ Cereal or health bar ∑ Biltong ∑ Other:____________ 35. On what do you spend pocket money? ____________________________________

36. What is your most valued possession? (like Xbox, PSP) ____________________________________ 37. Do you have a cellphone? ∑ Yes ∑ No 38. I use the internet … ∑ At home sometimes ∑ At home a few times each week ∑ At home every day ∑ Only at school ∑ On my cellphone ∑ Never 39. I go online to play (tick all that apply): ∑ Moshi Monsters ∑ Club Penguin ∑ Mathletics ∑ ToonTown ∑ Hello Kitty Online 40. I use social networking tools like: ∑ Facebook ∑ WhatsApp ∑ BBM ∑ Twitter ∑ Other: ___________________________ 41. Does your school library provide NG KIDS? ∑ Yes ∑ No 42. I have a (tick which ones you have): ∑ PlayStation3 ∑ Nintendo Wii ∑ Xbox ∑ eReader (like Kindle) ∑ iPod or MP3 player ∑ Laptop ∑ PC ∑ TV in my room ∑ Tablet (like iPad, Galaxy) ∑ Other: ___________________________ 43. What do you like best about NG KIDS? ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 44. What do you like least about NG KIDS? ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 45. On a scale of 1 to 10 how likely are you to recommend NG KIDS to a friend (1 is least likely and 10 is most likely): _____________________ ______________________________________

SECTION TWO

Please take a moment to share your thoughts with us so we can make this magazine even better for your kids! Please tick only one answer to each question, unless otherwise stated. You could complete this survey online at www.ngkids.co.za.

GROWN-UPS!

1. Are you the NG KIDS reader’s: ∑ Mother ∑ Father ∑ Other:____________________________

∑ ∑ ∑

It helps my child learn to read I want my child to know about animals and the environment It allows me some peace and quiet

2. ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

3. ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

NG KIDS is published every month. How often do you buy a copy? Every month Every two to three months Less frequently I subscribe

What is your most important motivation for buying NG KIDS? It’s a great learning tool It’s useful for school projects It’s a healthy alternative to TV My child loves the magazine

4. ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

NG KIDS costs R28. It is: Very good value for money Good value for money Not really good value for money Too expensive

5. ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

How long have you been buying NG KIDS? Since it launched nine years ago Four to eight years Two to four years For the past year

If you’d prefer to fill in the survey online, please go to ngkids.co.za

6. Do you subscribe to our e-newsletter? ∑ Yes ∑ No 7. If yes, do you read it? ∑ Always ∑ Sometimes ∑ Never 8. Do you subscribe online to NG KIDS through MySubs? ∑ Yes ∑ No 9. If you were to subscribe, what would you prefer as a subscription incentive? ∑ Discount ∑ A chance to win amazing prizes ∑ A guaranteed small gift 10. Would you be interested in buying NG KIDS packaged with one of the following titles at a discounted price? ∑ Fairlady ∑ Sarie ∑ Kuier ∑ True Love 11. ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

Do you mostly read NG KIDS: To your child(ren) With your child(ren) On your own Not at all

12. Do you use NG KIDS as a reference for school projects? ∑ Yes ∑ No 13. Is NG KIDS used by your child(ren)’s teacher in the classroom? ∑ Yes ∑ No

∑ All the time ∑ Sometimes ∑ Never 16. ∑ ∑

Have you or your child(ren) bought goods or services thanks to an advert featured in NG KIDS? Yes ∑ No If yes, what was it?__________________

17. At home you have: ∑ SABC and e.tv ∑ TopTV ∑ DStv ∑ No television 18. What sort of internet access do you allow your kids to have at home? ∑ Unlimited ∑ Only for school projects ∑ Only supervised ∑ None 19. How do you feel about your child using social networking tools like Whatsapp, BBM and Facebook? ∑ I encourage it, I think it’s a forward-thinking communication tool ∑ I only allow it under supervised circumstances ∑ Facebook has an age restriction of 13 years, so I don’t allow my child(ren) access to it ∑ I don’t like it, but I allow it ∑ I don’t allow it

20. How much time do you allow your child(ren) for playing video or computer games ? 14. What would you like to see more of in NG KIDS? ∑ I don’t allow it ∑ DIY projects ∑ Four to eight hours per week ∑ Event listings ∑ Nine hours or more per week ∑ Competitions ∑ As long as they like ∑ Animal features ∑ Environmental issues 21. What is your average monthly ∑ Culture and tradition from around the world household income before deductions? ∑ Celeb news ∑ Less than R9 999 ∑ Science and maths ∑ R10 000 to R19 999 ∑ South African languages ∑ R20 000 to R39 999 ∑ Everything: would like a bigger magazine ∑ Over R40 000 ∑ Other: __________________________ ∑ Prefer not to say 15. Are your buying decisions influenced by your child(ren)?

22. Where do you live? ∑ Eastern Cape ∑Free State

Please provide complete information for entry into the draw. Child’s name: Guardian’s name: Postal address: Postal code: Tel. nr (W)( )

(H)( )

Cell:

E-mail

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

Gauteng Limpopo Northern Cape Western Cape

∑ Kwazulu-Natal ∑ Mpumalanga ∑ North West Province ∑ Outside South Africa

23. How do you feel about the advertising in NG KIDS? ∑ I feel happy with the current ratio of editorial to advertising ∑ To me advertising is a necessary evil ∑ I find some of the advertising interesting and relevant ∑ I would not mind more advertising if it resulted in a bigger magazine ∑ There are too many advertisements 24. What type of advertising are you most happy with in NG KIDS (tick three)? ∑ Automotive ∑ Banking, finance, insurance ∑ Education ∑ Technology, electronics ∑ Leisure, travel ∑ Clothing, shoes ∑ Toys, entertainment ∑ Health, body care ∑ Food, beverages ∑ Household, kitchen ∑ Charities, NGOs ∑ Corporate social or environmental initiatives 25. On a scale of one to ten how likely are you to recommend NG KIDS to a friend? ____________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 26. Do you buy the international National Geographic Magazine? ∑ Yes ∑ No 27. Please add anything else you’d like to tell us: _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ ____________________ Thank you for your time and your response. It is hugely appreciated! Don’t forget to fill in your details below to be entered into the prize draw.

COMPETITION RULES: 1. The competition opens on 27 March 2013 and closes on 23 April 2013. 2. Prizes will be awarded to entries drawn randomly by means of a random number generator after the closing date. 3. Winners will be notified by telephone at the end of April 2013. 4. No correspondence will be entered into. 5. The prize is not transferable and may not be converted to cash. 6. Entrants must be 14 years or younger at time of entry. 7. Staff of Media24 (Ltd) and their immediate family, sponsors and their advertising agencies may not enter. 8. The entrant accepts that entry to the competition does not constitute a contract of any form of legal commitment between the entrant and NG KIDS. 9. By entering competitions online, via e-mail, SMS or fax, you agree to receive future correspondence from NG KIDS magazine and the prize sponsors. You can opt out at any stage by sending an e-mail containing your name, surname, cell number and e-mail address with the subject line “opt out” to [email protected]. 10. NG KIDS shall not assume liability for any ambiguity, error, oversight or omission whether negligent or otherwise which may be committed by an employee of NG KIDS, their agents or associates in respect of this competition. 11. Participants and winners of this competition indemnify and hold National Geographic Kids, Media24 (Ltd) and the sponsor harmless against any liability, claim, damage or loss that may result from participating or winning these prizes.

I agree to be contacted for further research. Post your entry to: NG KIDS Survey, PO Box 740, Cape Town 8000 OR fax your survey to 021-406-2450.

If you’d prefer to fill in the survey online, please go to ngkids.co.za

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International Earth Day

Back to school for coastal provinces

O7

World Health Day

01

Easter Monday/Family Day/April Fool’s Day

30

23

World Book Day

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O9

Back to school for inland provinces

O2

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New issue of NG KIDS on sale

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Freedom Day

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© 2013 National Geographic Society • NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, National Geographic Kids and Yellow Border and Kids Yellow Border Designs are trademarks of National Geographic Society • All rights reserved • PHOTO: ANDERAI MALDONADO/NATIONAL geographic my shot (IGUANA)/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC STOCK • ISTOCK PHOTO (ILLUSTRATION)

Koala

ALL

abboouutt A

MONEY! Perth Mint in

The

Australia recently minted a one kilogram solid-gold coin worth

Peru’s currency is named the nuevo sol, which is Spanish for “new sun.”

R560 000. A $1 000 banknote from 1890 is nicknamed the

BY KRISTIN BAIRD RATTINI

vampire b

ite?

A 1922 German banknote is called the “vampire note” because some claim that a vampire is biting the neck of the worker on the note. it will be hard to fit me into a wallet.

A Korean artist is known for his

“moneygami” – origami made out of banknotes.  

“watermelon note”

because the design resembles a watermelon’s rind.

Using a metal detector, two English men uncovered 206

Roman coins

dating back

2 200 years.

Belarus’s 50-kapeek note features a picture of a

squirrel.

The US Mint employs full-time sculptors to create models for coins.

A minting error on the 2005 Kansas quarter makes the word “trust” look like “rust.”

MONEY TIP! Ask for your pocket money in large

NOTES.

Research shows people are less likely to spend large NOTEs than small ones. Watch Cha-Ching: Saving for Success, a fun video at kids.nationalgeographic.com/videos/

31

march 2013

© THE PERTH MINT (GOLD COIN); AFP / GETTY IMAGES (NUEVO SOL); © SUSAN LAW CAIN / DREAMSTIME (VAMPIRE NOTE); courtesy federal reserve bank of san francisco (WATERMELON NOTE); © RON NICKEL / DESIGN PICS / CORBIS (ROMAN COINS); © WON PARK (MONEYGAMI); © JONATHAN BAILEY / DAGGARJON (SQUIRREL); © kenneth medeiros nat (QUARTER); KELLEY MILLER / NGS STAFF (PIGGY BANK)

ional Geographic KIDS

31 17

Secret life of

the caraca They are one of our most beautiful wild cats but we still know very little about them. The more we find out, the more amazing they seem – and the better their chances of survival.

By Alexander Braczkowski

Afripics (caracal with prey); iStockPhoto (caracal on branch).

Spot a cat

If you see a lion or rhinoceros on a game safari, you can count yourself lucky. Spotting a leopard is a bonus. But seeing a caracal in the wild is something truly special. They are shy, solitary animals and very wary of humans. Because of their speed and perfect camouflage they are hard to spot as well. The caracal is one of Africa’s six small wild cats. They are more widespread than any other small cat and found all over Africa, except in the north, where they have almost disappeared. They also live in parts of Asia, but are getting scarcer there. Though they prefer dry land with not too much vegetation, caracals can adapt to anything from the high mountains of Ethiopia to forests in Asia and can go without water for long periods.

Quick Meal

Caracals are lightning quick and excellent hunters who can take down a prey three times their size. They have large ears, each controlled by 20 muscles, which easily pick up sounds like the rustling of a mouse scurrying through grass. With strong legs and big paws,

32

APRIL 2013

caracals can jump three metres into the air from a standing position and knock down flying birds. They are capable of taking down buck three times their size and researchers have found caracal teeth marks on dead ostriches, which shows they can take down these powerful birds as well.

After the hunt their powerful jaws go to work on their supper. Usually they don’t eat bones, but their scissor-like teeth gnaw through the toughest meat. They are good climbers and often leap into trees to escape from predators like lions or hyenas. Caracals have been seen to hide leftover meals in trees, but that’s rather unusual.

Caracal prey rodents, dassieson and small antelope .

al

On the tip of each ear is one of the caracal’s best-known features: a tuft of dark hair almost half the length of the ear itself. Experts think they might provide extra camouflage in tall grass, or are used to communicate with other caracals. Nobody is sure .

National Geographic KIDS

33

This PECULIAR animal, called an alpaca, is also used by farmers to protect livestock.

Marine Drouilly (alpaca); Alex Braczkowski (sheep with collar); Eleanor Bruccetti (young caracals); NG KIDS Staff (map); Conservation CATalyst caracal project (Aletris at caracal release).

Tracking collars

Very little research has been published on how caracals move around, how they interact with other predators and what they need to survive. Now some experts are studying them in Southern Africa. The Cederberg Caracal Project was started last year by researcher Marine Drouilly with help from the Cape Leopard Trust. She tracked the movements of caracals, checked what they were eating and trapped cats so they could be measured, weighed and fitted with a radio collar. “With the collars we can follow the caracals and know what they are doing day and night,” Marine explains. Over the border in Namibia, Aletris Neils and the Conservation CATalyst Group are running one of the largest caracal projects ever. They fit the animals with radio collars and send the information they collect from these trackers to research teams and farmers. “I can tell a farmer when a caracal has been on his land,” Aletris says. “That means when the caracal turns up again, the farmer is ready to protect his animals if he has to.”

34

fe a pb rr i lu a2 r 0 1y 3 2 0 1 1

Caracal distribution in Africa

Caracal Facts Length: 60 to 91 centimetres Height AT SHOULDER: 38 to 50 centimetres Weight: 8 to 20 kilograms Lifespan: 12 years in the wild, up to 17 years in captivity Whiskers: Like all cats, each caracal’s whiskers are attached in a unique pattern which is much like a fingerprint.

DID YOU KNOW?

The cat’s English name, caracal, comes from “kara kulak”, the Turkish words for “black ear”.

Aletris waiting for a newly collared caracal to leave its cage. Good to know that people are working to create a better relationship between humans and this beautiful, mysterious wild cat.

Friend

– not a foe! Caracals catch animals and rodents like mice,

rats or dassies that could become pests and spread disease – even in our homes. That sounds like a good thing. So why should these beautiful cats be unwelcome on some farms?

The problem is a caracal is an opportunistic

hunter, which means it will eat anything that’s small enough to catch. So when sheep and goats have their kids and lambs, the caracals might move in. Once a caracal has a taste for lamb and goat, it might not want to munch on rodents again and will keep killing livestock. That’s when farmers get angry and hunt them down.

Though not an endangered species, the caracal is protected in many countries like Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, India, Iran, Turkey and about half the sub-Saharan Africa countries. But in South Africa and Namibia the caracal is classified as a problem animal, which means they can be shot. That makes the caracal the most persecuted cat in South Africa. If we don’t learn how to live with them, they might start disappearing here as well. Environmental experts have given farmers clever ideas to protect their farm animals against hungry caracals. Certain breeds of dog do a great job protecting flocks. Donkeys and alpacas, a relative of camels, can do the job as well. They will kick, chase or even bite predators that threaten livestock. A trickier option is to fit a wire casing around the neck of each threatened farm animal. Since caracals go for the throat, this is a good way to protect livestock.

35

By S

HOUNEES MO

OL A

O

scar Diggs is the famous wizard from The Wizard of Oz who introduced us to Dorothy Gale, her dog Toto, her magical ruby slippers, the Scarecrow and Tin Man. The new movie Oz The Great and Powerful imagines how it all started for Oz. Wizards, witches, magic and Munchkins bring the story to life in an exciting adventure.

LOVE IS IN THE AIR

MUD BATH

INTRO FUN FACTS

M IS FOR MAGIC

Oscar Diggs, or Oz (James Franco), is a small-time, smooth-talking magician from the CHARACTERS dusty state of Kansas. Fame and fortune seem to escape this wizard until one of his many dodgy tricks goes wrong (again!) and he is flung into the vibrant Land of Oz. At first he thinks this is where he will find fame and fortune, but then he meets the three witches Theodora, Evanora and Glinda. Theodora thinks he’s the one who can save the Land of Oz and its inhabitants, but not everyone agrees that he’s the great wizard they were all waiting for. Oz needs all the help he can get to become a great and powerful wizard.

© 2012 Disney/Pixar. All Rights Reserved.

ABOUT OZ

INTRO

WICKED WITCHES

OR

AN EV

A

GL

DA IN

What’s a fairy tale without a battle between good witches and bad witches? Theodora (Mila Kunis) is the beautiful, shy sister of overprotective Evanora (Rachel Weisz), a fearsome witch. Theodora wants peace in the Land of Oz, while Evanora rules Emerald City with an iron fist. Glinda (Michelle Williams) is a good witch, fiercely protecting her peaceful kingdom of simple, kind folk. All three have the power to start natural elements: Evanora can create lightning, Theodora can make fireballs appear and Glinda can command water.

FUN FACTS • The movie has characters like China Girl and the Quadlings, who were OZ in the book but not ABOUT in the original film version. • China Town’s inhabitants are entirely made of porcelain.

• CHARACTERS James Franco, who plays Oz, spent two weeks with real magician Lance Burton learning the art of illusion. He even performs some tricks in the movie. • The character of Oz only wears one suit throughout the whole movie. • Oz’s treasure chest contains 5 000 coins made specially to fill it. • The people cast as Munchkins have an average height of 1,06 metres, while the Winkies are all 1,98 metres or taller.

TINKERS, MUNCHKINS AND WINKIES

Tinkers are tall, thin, old men with long, white beards and elfish ears who can build anything. Led by Master Tinker, they are super clever. Munchkins are giggling, happy little people who make clothes without a care in the world. Tinkers and Munchkins are very loyal to their ruler, Glinda. Winkies are big, tough, spearwielding palace guards under the command of Evanora.

OZ’S SIDEKICKS Every magician needs an assistant and props. Oz’s handy helpers come in the form of his friend Frank and a winged monkey called Finley. Frank handles the money, mends the costumes and sets up the props, although Oz doesn’t always appreciate his hard work. Finley, the adorable but cheeky flying monkey dressed in a smart suit, is Oz’s sidekick.

The movie is based on the 1900 book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum . Ask a parent to hire the original movie Wizard of Oz, made in 1939.

National Geographic KIDS

37

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We love animals!

National Geographic Kids is an interactive, multi-topic magazine covering animals, entertainment, science, technology and cultures from around the world. Kids will enjoy the fascinating articles and fun-filled activities on every page!

SUBSCRIBE FOR ONLY R25,50 PER MONTH! YES! I agree to the terms and conditions on page 49.

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GK AP 32361* a R” to nd call you we’ ll back.

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MAIL

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THE GIFT SUBSCRIPTION IS FOR: To: Name Address Tel. Birth date

Surname Postal code Cell Age

E-mail NGKAPR13

BY ANgela modany

nose

8,78 cm!

Loooooong This guy definitely nose he’s special. Mehmet Ozyurek of Turkey has a 8,78-centimetre sniffer, the longest on record. Measured from the bridge to the tip, it’s longer than a toothpick. Wonder if he can smell before anyone else that dinner is ready?

Get out your toothbrush. The world’s largest chocolate bar weighs more than 5 792 kilograms, as much as about 132 000 average chocolate bars. Created by pouring buckets of the melted mixture into a mould of four square metres, the chocolate wasn’t just a tasty treat. Pieces were chipped off and sold for charity. Another treat for the volunteers was that they went home smelling like chocolate!

40

April 2013

credits here

BIG CHOCOLATE

Lamborghini the sheep is always ahead of the herd. He’s won 165 out of 179 sheep races, the most ever. His jockey is a plush toy pig named Del Trotter that “rides” Lamborghini while the animal sprints to the finish line for his sheep pellet treats. Lamborghini can get distracted. Once he lost a race after stopping to nibble on a farmer’s boots. del trotter riding lamborghini

Go online for more information about Guinness World Records at kids.nationalgeographic.com/videos/

paul michael HUGHES / GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS (OZYUREK); DAVID JONES / PA WIRE / AP PHOTO (Chocolate). NFORMATION PROVIDED BY © 2013 GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS LIMITED.

racing Sheep

n u y n F -IN FILL y ’n’ Wash Spra

By Kay Boatner

Ask a friend to give you words to fill in the blanks in this story without showing it to him or her. Then read it out loud for a laugh.

This weekend, my mother, sister and I to a car wash. As a(n) was

animal body part

from a(n) creature

type of job

verb, past tense

verb, past tense

Who knows where that

adjective

waved us in, we heard a(n)

verb ending in -ing

, it wiped the back of the noun

our

cars! “ noun

strapped to its hoof as it sprayed

funny sound

exclamation

in front of us. noun

the cars with its ears. Everyone was covered in same animal

type of transportation

. A huge

!” we yelled. Using its dripped

something gross

with its trunk. Then the type of liquid

came from – but our car has never been so

. !

adjective

National Geographic KIDS

41

PLAY THIS! <

BY SHOUNEES MOOLA

WATCH THIS! <

ALL IMAGES SUPPLIED *TERMS AND CONDITIONS ON PAGE 49

JACK THE GIANT SLAYER

WIN A HAMPER !

Fee-fi-fo-fum, a giant smells the blood of an Englishman named Jack! Remember the story Win one of of a boy who climbed Slayer ham five Jack the Giant a giant beanstalk and which incl pers wor th R1 50 tickets, gianude: double 3-D mov0 was chased down by a ie t pens, bean notepads, bean-fill grumpy old giant? This and lots m -shaped earphones ed or movie brings the fairytale followed by e. SMS* “NGK JACK ” your to life in a whole different address toname, age and 33970. way. Jack unknowingly crosses the line between our world and the home of fearsome giants. Unleashed on Earth for the first time in centuries, these giants want to reclaim the land they lost. Jack has to fight the bad giants to save himself, his family, his girlfriend, Isabelle, a kingdom and possibly the world! He comes face to face with unstoppable warriors he thought only existed in myths and gets the chance to become a legend himself. The story of the movie is different from the book and there’s a twist in full 3-D with loads of special effects. This is a fun movie for the family, but it has a PG10 restriction because of the scary giants and fighting.

WIN GAMEA !

Win o Book one of two W SMS f Spells g onderbo by you* “NGK SPE ames for P ok: LL S r nam e, ag S” follow 3. to 339 e and addr ed 70. ess

WONDERBOOK: BOOK OF SPELLS PS3 Calling all Harry Potter fans … J.K Rowling has teamed up with PlayStation®3 to bring you the world of wizardry in Wonderbook: Book of Spells. Aspiring tricksters can discover, learn and practise spells such as Expelliarmus (disarming charm), Icendio (fire charm) and Wingardium Leviosa (levitation charm) directly from the Harry Potter books. The Wonderbook: Book of Spells game is an advanced textbook for students of Hogwarts, written over two hundred years ago by Miranda Goshawk. Gamers also get to see mischievous notes and spells scribbled in the margins by previous Hogwarts students. The enchanting book will transform your sitting room into a place of magic and mystery!

LISTEN TO THIS! <

WIN A CD!

Win one of fiv Maynard’s e copies of Conor SMS* “NGK album, Contrast. your name, CONTRAST” with age and to 33970. address

SING ALONG CONTRAST BY CONOR MAYNARD Conor Maynard is a 20-year-old English sensation who definitely knows how to sing and dance. Just like Justin Bieber he was discovered on YouTube by a famous singer. His debut album, Contrast, is full of good pop and dance music. Ne-Yo, who discovered him, is his mentor and sings with him on the popular track “Turnaround”. His other hits include “Vegas Girl” and “Animal”. Conor’s voice is fresh and exciting – he’s not just another Justin!

42

JOE ROCCO (ART) joe rocco

Heading to Earth

ch, before he can hit the bea some planet Ear th is. But system that gets him from awe an at wh rd hea has h the solar Al the alien trip. Find the route throug can’t fly the he has to prepare for his entrances of the planets on his list in order. He e, Venus, or the tun to Nep ry of rcu Me ces on ran e his hom rockets or the ent the of rs on page 50 doo wer the s ans pas or same path twice, Saturn.

To Do: r. 1. Rent a rocket on Jupite on Uranus. ke sha k mil a h 2. Fuel up wit g suit on 3. Go shopping for a bathin . sun the okes on Mars. 4. Practise swimming str 5. Land on Ear th.

N Na at t ii o on na al l G Ge eo og gr ra ap ph h ii c c K K II D DS S

43

GO GREEN

NeT DrNA ETON

EreNG AeSP

cNOAMleHE

NTEINS LBLA

H r P s G S oRp e A

EAS EnMENOA

DVCOAOA

b C R I co l O

OLOCDKNIR

Hint: It’s important for the environment. ANSWER:

44

APRIL 2013

E

-

F

Y

all images: © istockphoto

These photographs show close-up views of green objects. Unscramble the letters to identify what’s in each picture. Bonus: Use the white letters to solve the puzzle below. answers on page 50

Find THIS IS A CAPTION

Going Green

Have some good green fun. Find and circle these things.

14 glass beads 1 pencil sharpener 4 worms 6 baby turtles 1 green mineral rock 3 stars 4 dinosaurs 2 grumpy toads 1 beaded fridge magnet

SEBASTIAN VOIGT

Photo

National Geographic KIDS

45

?

p m u t S Your parents

?

1

© ISTOCKPHOTO (ALL IMAGES)

2

wer these If your parents can’t ans uld go to sho y questions, maybe the school instead of you! answers on page 50

Recycling one bottle can save enough energy to light a 100-watt light bulb for: C. 4 hours A. 4 seconds D. 4 days B. 4 minutes What percentage of an average car is recyclable? A. 60 percent C. 80 percent B. 45 percent D. 75 percent

4

How long does it take to make, fill, sell, recycle and remake a cooldrink can? A. 9 weeks C. 1 week B. 6 weeks D. 5 weeks

5

Which country in Europe is the best when it comes to recycling? C. Switzerland A. Norway D. United Kingdom B. Germany

? 46

Which product is the most commonly recycled product in the world? A. Paper C. Wood B. Glass D. Plastic

7

Which material maintains its colour after recycling? A. Glass C. Metal B. Steel D. Copper

8

Recycling two glass bottles saves enough energy to boil water for how many cups of tea? A. 1 cup C. 6 cups B. 3 cups D. 5 cups

9

Which action uses the most water? A. Flushing the toilet B. Taking a shower C. Using a washing machine D. Using a dishwasher

?

are easier to recycle and require less energy to produce than paper bags. A. Handbags C. Plastic bags B. Socks D. T-shirts

3

?

6

10

?

?

Which former American politician made the film An Inconvenient Truth to tell us about the effects of global warming? C. Al Gore A. Bill Clinton D. George W. Bush B. Hillary Clinton

?

GREEN TIP Vampire power is the techie name for electricity used by appliances that are on stand-by. Switch them off at the wall and save!

?

NG KIDS readers sent us these awesome drawings of endangered animals.

THIS IS A CAPTION

Draw A bunch of birthday balloons for NG KIDS’ NINTH birthday.

Send your original drawings to The Editor at NG KIDS, PO Box 740, Cape Town 8000. You can also send your drawing by e-mail to [email protected]. Include your name, address, phone number, date of birth, a title for your drawing, a statement that it is your own work and the name of your parent or guardian. Your parent or guardian must sign a release for publication of your illustration. Submissions become the property of the National Geographic Society, and all rights thereto are transferred to the National Geographic Society. Submissions cannot be acknowledged or returned. Selection will be at the discretion of NG KIDS.

The African Penguin

The Fennec Fox

Tracey Fish, 8, Bloemfontein

Tharene van Tonder, 13, Kroonstad

Wooly Spider Monkey

Keenan Harding, 8, Halfway Gardens

Save The Black Rhino

Dylan Jordaan, 10, Queensburgh

National Geographic KIDS

47

y l i m a F t

c e j o r P

Make a terrarium

YOU WILL NEED like a . Afishglassbowlcontainer or large cookie jar . Small stones . Horticultural charcoal . Potting soil . Plants . Water . Rocks and figurines

Some terrariums are

completely sealed.

Water

in the soil condenses, turning back into moisture and runs down the sides, watering the plants. If it is not sealed, you have to water it regularly.

WHAT YOU DO 1 2 3 4 5

Wash the glass container in hot, soapy water and dry completely.

small plants that

Add a layer of charcoal. This helps to prevent mould.

Use

all need about the same amount of

water.

Put in some potting soil.

COOL!

Take plants out of their pots and put in the potting soil. Pat down the soil around the roots.

6 48

APRIL 2013

Put in rocks and figurines in the mini-forest.

craft by FIOA THOMSON; SEBASTIAN VOIGT (image)

Put in a layer of stones for drainage.

Spot the difference Spot ten differences between these two earth scenes. answers on page 50

TERMS AND CONDITIONS *FOR ALL COMPETITIONS AND GIVEAWAYS IN NG KIDS All entries must include your name, age, postal address, home telephone number, cell number, e-mail and any mandatory information specific to a competition, including answers to qualifying questions unless otherwise specified. • Prizes and giveaways cannot be transferred or exchanged for cash. • If you cannot meet any one of the entry requirements, the judges reserve the right to award the prize to a runner-up. • NG KIDS has the right to substitute the gift or prize with something of the same value. • The copyright of all entries, letters, photographs, artwork, SMSs and questions belongs exclusively to NG KIDS and NG KIDS reserves the right to edit and republish them in any media. • Winners may decline to have their name used in advertising or listed publicly. • Competitions and giveaways are open to anyone 14 years or younger, except employees of Media24, sponsors and their agents or any company associated with the competition and their immediate families. • Where the competition prize is a holiday stipulating that it is for a certain number of adults and children, “children” will be taken to be under the age of 12, unless otherwise stipulated. • Unless specified only submissions or entries from South Africa are allowed. If winners reside outside of South Africa they may be liable for transport, courier or postage costs. • The winners will be notified telephonically and their names will appear in NG KIDS magazine. • The judges’ decision is final and no correspondence will be entered into. • Allow two months for delivery of prizes from winners’ announcement in NG KIDS. • The prizes will be awarded to correct entries drawn randomly by computer after the closing date, except when there is judging involved or it is stated otherwise. • If the winner cannot be contacted within two weeks after the closing date, an alternative winner will be drawn. • All competition entry SMSs are charged at R1,50 each. Free minutes and SMS bundles do not apply. You can enter as many times as you like, unless stated otherwise. • By entering competitions online, via e-mail or SMS, you agree to receive future correspondence from NG KIDS magazine and the prize sponsors. You can opt out at any stage by sending an e-mail containing your name, surname, cell number and e-mail address with the subject line “opt out” to [email protected]. • The entrant accepts that entry to the competition does not constitute a contract or any form of legal commitment between the entrant and NG KIDS, Media24 or the National Geographic Society. • NG KIDS will not assume liability for any ambiguity, error, oversight or omission whether negligent or otherwise which may be committed by any employee of the participating magazine, their agents or associates in respect of competitions or giveaways published in the magazine or online. • Entry signifies acceptance of the rules. •Competitions in the April 2013 issue of NG KIDS close on 23 April 2013 unless otherwise specified.

*GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS Children must ask an adult’s permission. SMSs charged at R1. • Free minutes and SMS bundles do not apply. •Offer valid until 23 April 2013. •The first 200 subscribers will receive a free limited edition NG KIDS magnetic photo frame. • We reserve the right to replace the featured gift with one of equal value. • Offer is not valid in conjunction with the Vitality offer. •Discovery Vitality offer valid only for active Vitality members. •All subscribers agree to receive future correspondence from NG KIDS and MEDIA24 (LTD.). • You can opt out at any stage by sending an e-mail containing your name, surname, cell number and e-mail address with the subject line “opt out subscriber” to optout@ ngkids.co.za. • Offer is open to SA addresses only - call 021-405-1905 for international rates. • NG KIDS CLUB benefits are strictly for South African residents. • Staff of Media24 (Ltd) and their immediate family, sponsors and their advertising agencies are not entered into monthly subscriber competitions.

49

ISTOCK PHOTO (ALL IMAGES)

“What in the World?” (page 42): Top row: ten rand note, green peas, chameleon. Middle row: tennis ball, grasshopper, sea anemone. Bottom row: avocado, broccolli, cooldrink. Bonus: Be eco-friendly.

NP A OR V IELM B 2 0E 1R3 2 0 1 2

A

It just wasn’t stable. Why did the horse keep falling over?

“Stump Your Parents” (page 45): 1. C, 2. C, 3. C, 4. B, 5. C, 6. A, 7. A, 8. D, 9. B, 10. C.

50

Q

ha haha! Two fish are in a tank. One turns to the other and asks: “Any idea how to drive this thing?” Took it for a spin.

Q

What did the do with its new car?

A

spider A

Who’s there? Safari! Safari who? Safari so good.

Answers

Knock, Knock.

Baby elephant

A good shopping mall.

lose their tails? go when they

Q

Where do cats

look what’s COMING

IN OUR MAY ISSUE!

Read

all about

new dino

discoveries

Behind the scenes of the rereleased Jurassic Park

Make a cool Mother’s Day Gift

plus

Find out who our Young Artists of the year are

WHY NOT JOIN THE NG KIDS CLUB? SEE PAGE 38 FOR DETAILS!

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NOVEMBER 2012