My ISE II Grammar Summary

obligation

Intention

posibilty

Verb+incontable (singular) The glass is can use again. The peoples are… (always plurar) The people are happy with their life. Young people have (not has)--------people often wrote to him “Never” is followed with present perfect always ( I have never + past participle) I have never been here. “After” every time before the I feel sick after eating. To go for a walk verb To listen vs to heard Listen = escuchar Heard = oir To go vs to come To meet vs to see Quedamos!! ///Nos vemos o ya nos veremos for vs since (…ago) We have know each other for 5 months (duration of time) durante / desde We met since 5 months (when the action started) Verbs followed by to I want/wanted to… //// I need to… I tell/told you…/ I ask you… I say/said to… //// Talk/talked to…. I help you… I explain to…//// I learn to… Go to…/// Love to… Verbs followed by preposition Accuse of (acusar de) Protect from (proteger de) Complain about (solicitar, applicance = solicitud) Provide with (proveer de, proporcionar ) Hear of (enterarse, oir hablar de) Replace with (sustituir por) Laugh with (reirse de) Rely on (confiar en, fiarse de) Listen to (escucha a) Walk by (pasar al lado de) Participate in (participar en) To tell/told + pronoun vs to talk/talked to + pronoun vs to say/said to + pronoun Like to or like veb+ing You like to eat a lot. She likes drinking a lot. Would do you like to do at Chritsmas? Would do you like doing at Chritsmas? To look at vs to watch Look at photos (static things) watch tv (something changing or moving) My mother must be at home. 99% My mother should be at home. 66% My mother might be at home. 33% My mother could be at home. Podría estar en casa…. "Can" indica habilidad o Can she help me late tonight? She can’t help me. posibilidad (poder) Only + Can I have a glass of water? Yes, you can… "Could" es el pasado de can. Could I have a car? Yes, you could. Could you help me? Modals Posibilidades en futuro. Usado. Could you play a instrument when you was a child? verbs "may" posibilidades en el futuro y I would bring an umbrella, it may rain later. Siempre dar permisos o instrucciones. It’s May I leave now? You may leave if you like. con verb to ask. It may happen again. She may not accept the offer. It doesn’t use a lot. Never "might" like may. I would bring an umbrella, it might rain later. followed If you invited him he might come. by “to” Might a possibility in the past (followed by have done). "will" futuro y voluntad o We will learn English. determinación. Will you help me move? Will they find a cure for cancer? "would" preferencia or ask politely Would you like some coffee? She would like to go to New York someday. Shall like will Shall we meet at 10pm? Chris shall be happy to see you. "Should" obligación o Should we leave a tip? Yes, we should leave it. recomendación You shouldn't work so hard. "Ought to" like should "Must" obligación, prohibición o necesidad. When must we meet you? Like “have to”. Negativa form “had to”. You must [have to] read this book, it's fantastic. Must you always be late? Don’t have to (no tener que) HE MAKES ME + INFINITVE PASIVA + MODAL VERB CAN, MUST, SHOULD, COULD be PAST PARTICIPLE As vs like I work as a teacher //// I work like a slave At vs in for space General space --- at---- at the party, at the beach Specific space ---in--- in the classroom With city always in From 1 January until 4 January Description vs health How is you brother? Fine, not at hospital What’s you brother like? Como es tu hermano? A descrption To rise vs to grown Raise animals and grow plants

To EARN vs to win To have vs to take

To EARN more money in you job. I will win money at lotery To have with To take with Food And drink Washing - Resting Talking Washing - Resting Disagreeint To need to vs to have to “have to” when we want to talk about obligations. OUGHT TO “need to” when we want to talk about things that are necessary to do in order to achieve a certain goal Taste vs flavour Taste refers to the senses inside our mouth including Taste refers to the five basic receptors: sweet, salty, sour, bitter and our tongue Sweet, Salt, Bitter and Sour, viscosity, umami (the one we didn’t learn about in school). Flavour is a temperature, burning, body, prickle, touch and pain combination of taste plus the other sensations that influence our Aroma occurs inside our noses and includes aspects perception of food, such as aroma, texture, juiciness, mouthful and in regards to our sense of smell colour. Flavour is when taste and aroma converge To live in peace. (always in) They are at peace. (only with to be we must use at) Cuanto tp necesitas? How much time do you need to recover? How much cost? (uncountable) (is) Cuantas veces lo has oido? How many times have you heard them? How many coins do you need? (countable) (are) I took----I have taken If I were you I would + infinitive… If I went to Valencia again, I would have diner at Malvarosa beach Would 2TH conditional Could Should If you had + past part, you would If you had had more money last year, what would you have bought.??? have + past participle… 3th If I hadn’t seen her yesterday, she wouldn’t have given me the money. conditional To be PRESENT To be PAST To be I’m I was You are You were He, she, it is He, she, it was You, we, they are You, we, they were Open questions What’s have you choose to talk about? What, how why where,wich, when, What’s type of games are typical’s? who What’s he like? Do you prefer…? What are the most 3 important facts about this city? Have you ever try..? If you could meet the person, what would you say? Have you ever brought..? If you could change the object or situation, what would you do? If I were you I’d.. You ought do.. You’d better… Have you thought about___ing…? What should be done is…? How long did we meet one another? How long have you thought that? Why don’t… Why must you kill hem? 1) Routine (present simple) 6) Second conditional Do you wash the dishes everyday? What would you do if you were a teacher? Do you get up early everyday? When could you meet my brother if he lived here? 2) A past (past simple) 7) Third conditional Did you go to the cinema yesterday? What would you have done is you had studied more? Did you watch tv last night? Why would I have met your brother if I had arrived 3) A past occurring at a given time (past simple early? continuous) 8) A regret (if only, wish) Were you cooking yesterday evening around 8 pm? Do you wish you had travelled more? Were you going to the cinema yesterday at 10pm ? Do I wish I had read more? 4) A experience (present perfect) 9) A future plan which is definitive (present Have you ever been to London? continuous) Have you ever reading a book? When are you meeting this afternoon? 5) An experience using how long, that hasn’t finished Are you celebrated Christmas in the mountains? How long have you been painting your house? Is he studied mathematics? How long have you known your husband? 10) Prediction (will) How long ago did you meet you husband? Do you think it will rain tomorrow? Do you think I will pass the exam? close to vs near Close to my friends Near my friend Most vs least

Party = private celebration What would have been different? singular plural THIS este, esta THESE estos, estas

Celebration = festival ¿qué hubiera sido diferente? Adjetivos demostrativos This day These days That day THAT aquel, aquella THOSE aquellos/as Those days Past tense pronunciation 1) worked //workeT// 1) muy común, acabado en f, k, p, s, sh, ch, th 2) arrived //arriveD// travelled 2) existe 3) decided or wanted //ID// 3) cuando hay d o t antes –ed On the beach. On Easter, On the floor. On Floating in the water, in a movie, in the street the bank, On holydays, on tv, on the phone In bed, in stock, in winter, in Brighton Abstract noun without the ---- Happiness Other vs Other = a specific alternative (otro) Another= more of the same(Otro más, uno another I want other/another sandwich adicional, alternativo, distinto o diferente) Si va con ‘no’ or ‘the’ delante siempre other. + contable singular + plural or uncontable noum Other vs adjetive pronoun The final –s is Orly used another for a plural pronoun singular Another book (is) Another (is) If I have been Plural Other books (are) Others (are) born in another singular The other book (is) The other (is) (other) country. plural The other books (are) The others (are) Another One more; an additional, an extra, an alternative, a different Other More in addition to one already mentioned, alternative, different The other A specific alternative, the rest of a specific group Activities -ing always with ‘go’ Play with ball always with ‘play’ Not the other options ‘do’ : karate, yoga, exercise, judo Preposition + verb-ing Use to yet like aún, todavía Have you seen the film yet? I haven’t see the film yet. Yet as contract form like however (sin embargo) I love dos yet, I hate cats. Common transition Clauses, Linking expressions (even though, in spite of, although ) (Contrast, give reasons) Cause and effect Contrast/opposition/unexpected result Condition Since desde Such as+ short list If si As como In spite of A pesar de Unless a menos que Because porque Despite Otherwise de otra manera Because of a causa de Although aunque For example por ejemplo Due to + refer debido a Even though, though For instance So así Whereas mientras Furthermore además Therefore por lo tanto On the other hand Por otra parte In addition Adicionalmente Consequently consecuentemente nevertheless Sin embargo Almost casi As a result Como resultado However Now that Ahora que Whether si Past continuous While I was talking I saw a cat. What is she wearing? Present perfect Why have / did you chosen / choose this topic? Past perfect What / where / why / when had you (done) before + past participle? What have you done before you lived in Seville? Present perfect continuous What / how long / why have you been (doing)…? (never when) What have you been doing recently/during the last few weeks? How long have you been diving? Reported speech What did she/he say? What did she/he tell you? What do they say about…? Used to What did you use to (do)…? Did I use to do it? I didn’t use to do it. Used to + infinitive (solía) When did you most recently use a computer? Be used to + -ing or noum You used an inflection and a tone of voice to give me the impression that you did not. (estoy acostumbrado a) You must sign in using the same Windows Live ID that you used when creating your. She is used to study half an hour every day. on the other hand, while; whereas Discourse connectors (because balancing contrasting points however, nevertheless, mind you, still, yet; in spite of this of, due to) emphasising a contrast similarity concession and counterargument concession: Do counter-argument: Contradicting on the contrary

similarly; in the same way it is true; of course; certainly; if; may; stressed

however; even so; but; nevertheless; nonetheless; all the same; still moreover (además)(very formal); furthermore (formal); in addition; as well as that:

adding generalising

Giving examples logical consequence structuring

summing up

2ª conditional 3ª conditional Passive Relative clauses Modals Modals (to give advices) Desert vs dessert whether questions

All the time--- habbits The whole //jol// time - moment

on top of that (informal); another thing is; what is more; besides; in any case on the whole; in general; in all/ most/ many/ some cases; broadly speaking; by and large; to a great extent; to some extent-, apart from...; except for for instance; for example; e.g.; in particular therefore (formal); as a result (formal); consequently (formal); so; then So is often used as a general-purpose connector giving examples rather like "and", in spoken narrative. first(ly), first of all, second(ly), third(ly) etc; lastly, finally; to begin with; to start ; with; in the first/ second/ third place; for one thing; for another thing; on the one hand; on the other hand Note that firstly/ secondly etc are more formal than first, second etc, and are more common in British than American English. in conclusion; to sum up, in sum; briefly; in short

What would you (do) if you + past simple? If you had so much money that you never had to work, what would you do? What would you have (done) if you had/hadn’t + past participle? How / why / when / where is / are /were /was it (done)? It’s done… She was picked up from the shop by a taxi. What is a ….? When is ….? Who is…? (to express possibility/uncertainly) What should I do? What might happen if…? De·sert = desierto vs desse·rt = postre si Is this a true story? Which writing was the most difficult/easiest for you? What do you think about…? How did you write this? How many drafts did you write? Which is your favourite and why? Dou you think living standards are good where you live? How long has it been since you + past participle ? Can you tell me about what it involves? It would be interesting to know what you think about..? What are some of the customs which you like most in your country? Which customs from you country might be difficult for people from another country? Have you tried thinking of other aspects of your topic? I used to eat at home all the time. This weekend I was thinking in Diego the whole time.