Muscle Origins and Insertions

MUSCLE frontalis

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION ORIGIN INSERTION galea aponeurotica skin of eybrows and nose

orbicularis oculi

frontal and maxillary bone

skin of eyelid

orbicularis oris

fibers of other mouth muscles

muscles and skin at angle of the mouth

platysma

pectoralis and deltoid fascia

lower border of the mandible, mouth skin and muscle

MUSCLE masseter temporalis

MUSCLE Sternocleidomastoid

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION ORIGIN INSERTION zygomatic arch mandible temporal fossa of the temporal bone

ACTION raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead skin blinking, squinting, forceful closing of eyelids closes and protrudes lips depresses mandible, draws angle of mouth downward, tightens skin of the neck

ACTION elevates mandible

coronoid process of the elevates and retracts mandible mandible

MUSCLES OF THE NECK ORIGIN INSERTION manubrium of sternum mastoid process of the and medial clavicle temporal bone

ACTION both muscles acting together flex cervical vertebral column, acting alone rotates head to the opposite side

internal intercostals

MUSCLES OF THE THORACIC WALL ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION ribs 3-5 coracoid process of the depresses and pulls scapula scapula anteriorly inferior border of ribs superior border of ribs elevate and expand rib cage superior border of ribs inferior border of ribs depress rib cage

serratus anterior

ribs

MUSCLE pectoralis minor external intercostals

vertebral border of the scapula

draws scapula forward along thoracic wall, rotates scapula

MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL MUSCLE external abdominal oblique

ORIGIN lower eight ribs

INSERTION ACTION linea alba, aponeurosis compresses abdominal of the external contents, assists in abdominal oblique flexion and rotation of vertebral column

internal abdominal oblique

lumbodorsal fascia, iliac crest

linea alba, aponeurosis same as external of internal abdominal abdominal oblique oblique

rectus abdominis

pubic crest and pubic symphysis

ribs and xiphoid process

flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal contents

MUSCLES OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE MUSCLE trapezius

ORIGIN INSERTION occipital bone, cervical lateral 1/3 of clavicle and thoracic vertebrae and scapular spine and acromion

ACTION elevates, depresses, rotates, adducts scapula

deltoid

clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

abducts; flexes and medially rotates; extends and laterally rotates arm

latissimus dorsi

lumbodorsal fascia via thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, ilium

intertubercular groove of the humerus

extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

pectoralis major

sternum, clavicle, and ribs

greater tubercle and along intertubercular groove of the humerus

flexes, medially rotates, and adducts arm

MUSCLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SCAPULA MUSCLE levator scapula

ORIGIN INSERTION transverse processes of superior angle and cervical vertebrae vertebral border of the scapula spinous processes of vertebral border of the thoracic vertebrae scapula

ACTION elevates scapula

supraspinatus

supraspinous fossa of the scapula

greater tubercle of the humerus

arm abduction

infraspinatus

infraspinous fossa of the scapula

greater tubercle of the humerus

laterally rotates arm

teres major

inferior angle of scapula

lesser tubercle of the humerus

adducts, extends and medially rotates arm

teres minor

lateral border of scapula

greater tubercle of the humerus

laterally rotates arm

subscapularis

subscapular fossa of the scapula

lesser tubercle of the humerus

medially rotates arm

rhomboid major and minor

adducts, rotates scapula

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE ARM MUSCLE biceps brachii long head short head

ORIGIN supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

INSERTION radial tuberosity of the radius

ACTION flexes arm and forearm, supinates forearm

coracoid process of the scapula

brachialis

anterior humerus

coronoid process of the flexes forearm ulna

coracobrachialis

coracoid process of the medial humerus scapula

flexes arm

MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE ARM MUSCLE triceps brachii long head lateral head medial head

ORIGIN

INSERTION

infraglenoid tubercle of olecranon process of the scapula the ulna posterior humerus olecranon process of the ulna posterior humerus olecranon process of the ulna

ACTION extends arm and forearm forearm extension forearm extension

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE FOREARM MUSCLE pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum superficialis flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus

ORIGIN medial epicondyle of the humerus medial epicondyle of the humerus medial epicondyle of the humerus

INSERTION radius

ACTION pronates forearm

metacarpals

flexes and abducts hand flexes hand

medial epicondyle of the humerus medial epicondyle of the humerus

carpal and metacarpals flexes and adducts hand middle phalanges 2nd flexes phalanges to 5th digit

ulna and interosseus membrane anterior radius and interosseus membrane distal and anterior ulnar shaft

distal phalanges 2nd to 5th digit distal phalanx of the thumb distal and anterior radius

palmar aponeurosis

flexes phalanges flexes thumb pronates forearm, hold radius and ulna together

MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE FOREARM MUSCLE brachioradialis

ORIGIN lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

INSERTION styloid process of the radius

ACTION flexes forearm

extensor carpi radialis longus

lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

second metacarpal bone

extends and abducts hand

extensor carpi radialis brevis

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

third metacarpal

extends and abducts hand

extensor digitorum

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

extends fingers and hand

extensor carpi ulnaris

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

middle and distal phalanges of medial four fingers fifth metacarpal

supinator

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

proximal end of radius

supinates forearm

first metacarpal

abducts and extends thumb extends thumb

abductor pollicis posterior radius and longus posterior ulna extensor pollicis brevis radius and posterior ulna extensor pollicis ulna and posterior longus radius extensor indicis posterior ulna extensor digiti minimi anconeus

lateral epicondyle of the humerus lateral epicondyle of the humerus

proximal phalanx of the thumb distal phalanx of the thumb extensor expansion of index finger extensor expansion of the little finger olecranon process of ulna

extends and adducts hand

extends thumb extends index finger extends little finger abducts ulna during pronation; elbow extension

INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE HAND MUSCLE ORIGIN abductor pollicis brevis scaphoid, trapezium

INSERTION proximal phalanx of the thumb

ACTION abducts thumb

opponens pollicis

trapezium

thumb metacarpal

rotates first metacarpal medially, i.e., opposition of the thumb

flexor pollicis brevis

trapezium, 1st metacarpal

proximal phalanx of thumb

flexes and adducts thumb

adductor pollicis

capitate, 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

proximal phalanx of the thumb

adducts thumb

MUSCLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH MUSCLE iliopsoas

ORIGIN iliac fossa, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

INSERTION ACTION lesser trochanter of the flexes hip femur

sartorius

anterior superior iliac spine

medial tibia

quadriceps femoris rectus femoris

all four: anterior inferior iliac spine

vastus lateralis

greater trochanter of the femur

vastus medialis

linea aspera

vastus intermedius

shaft of the femur

pectineus tensor fascia latae

flexes, laterally rotates thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg at the knee

superior ramus of pubis anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest

via quadriceps tendon into patella, then ligamentum patellae onto tibial tuberosity of the tibia

rectus femoris only flexes thigh at hip all four - extends leg at knee

linea aspera of femur

flexes, adducts thigh

iliotibial tract

flexes and abducts thigh

MUSCLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH MUSCLE gracilis

ORIGIN inferior ramus and body of the pubis

INSERTION medial surface of tibia

ACTION adducts thigh at hip; flexes leg at knee

adductor longus

pubis

linea aspera of femur

adducts and flexes thigh at hip

adductor brevis

body and inferior lineas aspera of femur ramus of the pubis inferior ramus of pubis lineas aspera of femur and ischium, ischial tuberosity

adductor magnus

adducts thigh at hip adducts and flexes thigh at hip

MUSCLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE GLUTEAL REGION AND POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH MUSCLE gluteus maximus

ORIGIN posterior ilium, sacrum, and coccyx

INSERTION iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur

ACTION extends and laterally rotates hip

gluteus medius

lateral ilium

greater trochanter of the femur head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

abducts thigh at hip

biceps femoris long head short head

ischial tuberosity linea aspera

semitendinosus

ischial tuberosity

semimembranosus

ischial tuberosity

gluteus minimis piriformis

external surface of ilium lateral surface of ilium

quadratus femoris

ischial tuberosity

flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee long head only extends thigh at hip medial tibia extends thigh at hip; flexes and medially rotates leg at knee medial condyle of tibia extends thigh at hip; flexes and medially rotates leg at knee greater trochanter of abducts and medially femur rotates thigh greater trochanter of rotates and extends femur thigh laterally, abducts thigh intertrochanteric crest rotates thigh laterally of femur

MUSCLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG MUSCLE tibialis anterior

ORIGIN lateral condyle of tibia

INSERTION cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

ACTION dorsiflexes and inverts the foot; extends toe

extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus

anterior fibula, interosseous membrane lateral condyle of tibia, proximal fibula, interosseous membrane anterior fibula, interosseous membrane

distal phalanx of great toe phalanges of toes 2-5

dorsiflexes and inverts foot; extends big toe dorsiflexes foot and extends toes

fifth metatarsal

dorsiflexes and everts foot

fibularis (peroneus) tertius

MUSCLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG MUSCLE fibularis (peroneus) longus

ORIGIN head of fibula

INSERTION cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal

ACTION plantar flexes and everts foot

fibularis (peroneus) brevis

distal fibula

fifth metatarsal

plantar flexes and everts foot

MUSCLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG MUSCLE gastrocnemius

ORIGIN lateral and medial condyle of the femur

INSERTION calcaneus

ACTION plantar flexes the foot, weak flexor of leg at knee plantar flexes the foot

soleus flexor digitorum longus

proximal tibia, calcaneus proximal fibula, interosseous membrane posterior tibia distal phalanges lateral plantar flexes and four toes inverts foot; flexes toes

flexor hallucis longus

middle shaft of fibula

distal phalanx great toe plantar flexes and inverts foot; flexes great toe

tibialis posterior

tibia and fibula

navicular bone

plantar flexes and inverts foot