Mus Camila
October 7, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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[ D AU K ^ W A B O B ^ O E O K F F O D B ÃU O ^
E O G [ F R O B B K G AK D G AO W J [ ^ ÃB AG O W Q W H G AO F K W F AG K D G AO R [ ^ O K D AD U K W R AI O G A× D G ^ AC AD O F Q E H ^ K D W K
" R Á G D AG O W O G R [ O F K W B K F \ ^ H G K K D G H D R ^ O B O W K D F O K W G K D O B K F G ^ K C \ F K O R K
W O AC B O W AW
C AK K D K D B K
D R H Q W [ I [ O I ^ O
G O C AF O C O ^ AK C [ W
B K G H R K B H
C O D G @ O W B K \ H W AN F K W O D I ^ K C \ O ^ O G A× D G H D F O C K R H B H F H I ÃO C O F O "
E AI [ K ^ H O
G O ^ D K R ? ? 9 9 5 -? >
I [ O R K C O F O B K F O O W [ D G A× D , W K \ R AK C N ^ K B K > < ? 9 G O C \ [ W G K D R ^ O F
[ D AU K ^ W A B O B ^ O E O K F F O D B ÃU O ^
E O G [ F R O B B K G AK D G AO W J [ ^ ÃB AG O W Q W H G AO F K W F AG K D G AO R [ ^ O K D AD U K W R AI O G A× D G ^ AC AD O F Q E H ^ K D W K
" R Á G D AG O W O G R [ O F K W B K F \ ^ H G K K D G H D R ^ O B O W K D F O K W G K D O B K F G ^ K C \ F K O R K
W O AC B O W AW
C AK K D K D B K
D R H Q W [ I [ O I ^ O
B K G H R K B H
C O D G @ O W B K \ H W AN F K W O D I ^ K C \ O ^ O G A× D G H D F O C K R H B H F H I ÃO C O F O "
R ^ O N O J H \ ^ K W K D R O B H O F G H D W K J H B K F O E O G [ F R O B B K G AK D G AO W J [ ^ ÃB AG O W Q W H G AO F K W
\ H ^ G O C AF O C O ^ AK C [ W
E AI [ K ^ H O
\ ^ K U AH O G H D E K ^ Ã^ W K F K K F R ÃR [ F H Q I ^ O B H O G O B Á C AG H B K F AG K D G AO B O K D AD U K W R AI O G A× D G ^ AC AD O F Q E H ^ K D W K
I [ O R K C O F O B K F O O W [ D G A× D , W K \ R AK C N ^ K B K > < ? 9 G O C \ [ W G K D R ^ O F
O [ R H ^ AB O B K W B K F O
[ D AU K ^ W AB O B
\ . C O ^ G H R [ F AH
^ K G R H ^ :
^ O E O K F F O D B ÃU O ^
C O ^ R AD K Z W O F O Z O ^ , W . J .
U A G K ^ ^ K G R H ^ O O G O B Á C A G O : B ^ O . C O ^ R O F [ G ^ K G A O C Á D B K Z I H D Z Ï F K Z B K \ K D K B H U AG K ^ ^ K G R H ^ B K AD I . J H W Á J [ U K D R AD H I Ï F U K Z ^ [ O D H AD U K W R AI O G A× D Q \ ^ H Q K G G A× D : U AG K ^ ^ K G R H ^ B K \ . J [ F AH K D ^ A_ [ K C H ^ K A^ O G @ O U O ^ ^ ÃO , W . J . AD R K I ^ O G A × D [ D AU K ^ W A R O ^ AO : U AG K ^ ^ K G R H ^ O B C A D A W R ^ O R A U H :
F AG . O ^ AK F ^ AU K ^ O A^ ÃO W
W K G ^ K R O ^ A O I K D K ^ O F : F AG . E O N AH F O B K F O F [ Z \ O B A F F O N K F R ^ O D K D O B K F H ^ K D Z O D O
O [ R H ^ AB O B K W B K F O
E O G [ F R O B
B K G AK D G AO W J [ ^ ÃB AG O W Q W H G AO F K W
B K G O D H :
B ^ . ^ H F O D B H K W G H N O ^ C K D O F B H
U AG K B K G O D O :
C I R ^ . @ K F K D O G O ^ H F AD O C O G @ O B H G O ^ N O F F H
W K G ^ K R O ^ AH :
F AG . G @ ^ AW R A O D ^ H N K ^ R H
D H C N ^ K B K F O W K W H ^
B K R ^ O N O J H
U AF F O R H ^ H
C O ^ R ÃD K Z
B K I ^ O B [ O G A× D
F AG . J O AC K O I [ W R AD R ^ K W A^ AO W
R K ^ D O
F AG . C A^ AO C
_ [ K \ ^ O G R AG ×
F O K U O F [ O G A× D
G O ^ H F AD O I [ Z C O D _ [ AF H B K C K F K D B K Z
BKBAGORH^AO Q OI^OBKGACAKDRHW
O BAHW:
\hr borck fo vabo y guaborck kd gob gobo o ktopo bk kffo.
O CA COB^K:
\hr skr ca kjkcpfh o skiuar, y kstor o ca fobh kd fos nukdos y cofos. Irogaos phr ghrrkiarck guodbh fh dkgksatono.
O CA \OB^K:
\hr skr ud irod kjkcpfh o skiuar, kdskÿïdbhck vofhrks ghch kf bk fo `hdkstabob.
O CAW @AJOW:
\hr skr kf chtavh poro fug`or y supkrorck gobo bão bk ca vabo.
O CAW GORKB^ORAGHW: _uakdks ck nradborhd ghdhgacakdths o fh forih bk
ca gorrkro, kd kspkgaof of Fagkdgaobh Joack Rrks y Fagkdgaobo Gorhf Iuzcïd phr tkdkrck pogakdgao kd ca prhgksh bk tksas.
^KW[CKD KJKG[RAUH
Kd kf prkskdtk tronojh bk tksas sk rkofaz÷ udo advkstaioga÷d bhguckdtof shnrk cáthbhs poro kf prhgksocakdth bk phsanfks codg`os bk sodirk. Wk utafaz÷ prhthghfhs bk htrhs poãsks ghch Kstobhs [dabhs, Cáxagh, \krú, Orikdtado kdtrk htrhs. Obkcïs, sk nusg÷ cáthbhs dhvkbhshs, fhs guofks oúd saiukd nojh advkstaioga÷d kd udavkrsabobks ghch Gocnrabik. Rhbo ksto adehrcoga÷d sk ghcpor÷ ghd kf Coduof bk Dhrcos y \rhgkbacakdths poro kf \rhgksocakdth bk fo Ksgkdo bkf Grackd bkf Cadastkrah \unfagh. Kd Iuotkcofo ghdtochs ghd ud prhthghfh poro kf prhgksocakdth bk ksgkdo bkf grackd kf guof gukdto ghd udo skgga÷d poro codg`os bk sodirk, bag`o skgga÷d ghdtakdk udo kxpfagoga÷d nrkvk shnrk kf prhgksocakdth bk bag`h adbagah. Wk rkghcakdbo kxtkdbkr y k kspkgaeagor spkgaeagor ghd cáthbhs dhvkbhshs bag`h coduof bkf Cadastkrah \unfagh. Kf ophrtk bk ksto advkstaioga÷d skrï ud bhguckdth bk utafabob poro kf ush bk
tágdaghs bk ksgkdo bkf grackd, easgofks, jukgks k advkstaiobhrks pravobhs, yo quk of chckdth bk quk sk fks prkskdtk udo advkstaioga÷d rkfogahdobo o udo ksgkdo bkf grackd quk ghdtkdio codg`os bk phsanfk sodirk, kf bhguckdth ophrtorï `krrocakdtos y ckthbhfhiãos dhvkbhsos.
ADBAGK Adtrhbugga÷d ..................................................................................................... ; Adtrhbugga÷d GO\AR[FH f ?. Fo Gracadofãstago ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .................... ....... 5 ?.? Odtkgkbkdtks ......................................................................................... 5 ?.> Bkeadaga÷d .............................................................................................. 9 ?.7 Hnjktavhs ............................................................................................... 0 ?.7.? Hnjktavh cotkraof ............................................................................. 0 ?.7.> Hnjktavh ikdkrof ............ .......................... ........................... .......................... ......................... ........................ ............ 0 ?.7.7 Hnjktavh ehrcof ............................................................................... 0 ?.2 \radgapahs ............................................................................................. 0 ?.; Gakdgaos Gakdgaos oux ouxafaorks afaorks bk fo gracad gracadofãstago ofãstago ............. .......................... .......................... ...................... ......... 1 ?.;.? Gracadhfhião ................................................................................... 1
?.;.> \saghfhião ehrkdsk ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .................... ....... ?< ?.;.7 Nofãstago ehrkdsk .......................... ............ ........................... .......................... ......................... ...................... .......... ?< ?.;.2 Bhguckdthsghpao ........................................................................ ?< ?.;.; Kxpfhsavhs k adgkdbahs ................................................................. ?< ?.;.5 Ehthiroeão ehrkdsk......................................................................... ?< ?.;.9 Bogtafhsghpao ................. .... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ...................... ......... ?< ?.;.0 Ckbagado fkiof .............................................................................. ?< ?.;.1 @kg`hs bk trïdsath tkrrkstrk ......................................................... ?< ?.;.?< Rágdagos ehrkdsks bk fonhrothrah ............................................... ?? ?.;.?? \fodacktrão ................................................................................. ?? ?.;.?> Odtrhphfhião ... ................ ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ...................... ......... ??
GO\AR[FH ff >. Advkstaioga÷d Gracadof .......................... ............ ........................... .......................... ......................... ...................... .......... ?> >.? Odtkgkbkdtks ...................................................................................... ?> >.> ^kehrco kd kf G÷ G÷baih baih \rhgksof \kdof Iuotkcoftkg Iuotkcoftkgh h ............. ...................... ......... ?>
>.7 Advkstaioga÷d gracadof ogtuof kd Iuotkcofo ...................................... ?7 >.2 Cadastkrah \únfagh ............. .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ........................ ........... ?2 >.; \hfagão Dogahdof Gavaf ........................................................................... ?; >.5 Adstatuth Dogahdof bk Gakdg Gakdgaos aos Eh Ehrkdsks rkdsks ............. .......................... .......................... .................. ..... ?9
GO\AR[FH fff 7. Kf fuior bk fhs `kg`hs ...................... ......... .......................... ........................... ........................... ........................ ........... ?1 7.? Raphs Raphs bk ks ksgkdo gkdo bkf grackd ........................... ............. ........................... .......................... ........................ ........... ?1 7.?.? Ksgkdo onakrto .............................................................................. ?1 7.?.> Ksgkdo gkrrobo ............................................................................ ?1 7.?.7 Ksgkdo caxto .......................... ............. .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ............. ?1
7.?.2 Ksgkdo prhfhdiobo ...................................................................... >< 7.?.; Ksgkdo bk fankroga÷d .................................................................... >< 7.> \radgapahs eudbockdtofks kd kf bksorrhffh bk fo ksgkdo bkf grackd .... >? 7.7 ^kifos poro prhtkikr kf fuior bk fhs `kg`hs ....................................... >? 7.2 Advkstaioga÷d gracadof kd kf fuior bk fhs `kg`hs `kg`hs ............. .......................... .................... ....... >> 7.2.? \rhtkikr \rhtkikr fo ksgkdo bkf grackd ........................... ............. ........................... .......................... ............. >> 7.2.> Adspkgga÷d hgufor ......................................................................... >> 7.2.7 Eajoga÷d bkf fuior .......................................................................... >2 7.2.7.? Fo bksgrapga÷d ksgrato ..................................................... >2 7.2.7.> Ehthiroeão y vabkh ehrkdsk ......................... ............ .......................... ...................... ......... >2 7.2.7.7 \fodacktrão ehrkdsk ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... .................. ..... >5 7.2.7.2 Chfbkobh ........................................................................ >9 7.2.2 Núsqukbo y rkghfkgga÷d bk adbagahs ............................................. >0 7.2.2.? Cáthbhs bk núsqukbo .................................................... >0 7.2.2.> ^kghfkgga÷d bk adbagahs .................................................. >1
GO\AR[FH fU 2. Adbagahs kdghdtrobhs kd kf fuior bk fhs `kg`hs `kg`hs ............. .......................... ...................... ......... 7? >
2.? Bkeadaga÷d ............................................................................................ 7? 2.> Gfosaeagoga÷d bk fhs adbagahs ................................................................. 7? 2.>.? \hr kf chckdth bk su prhbugga÷d ............ ......................... .......................... ...................... ......... 7> 2.>.> \hr su rkfoga÷d rkfoga÷d ghd fhs `kg` `kg`hs hs .......................... ............ ........................... .......................... ............. 7> 2.>.7 \hr sus gorogtkrãstagos eãsagos ............. ........................... ........................... .......................... ............. 7> 2.>.7.? Hriïdaghs ....................................................................... 7> 2.>.7.> Adhriïdaghs ..................................................................... 77
2.7 Codkjh bk adbagahs .............................................................................. 7; 2.7.? ^aksihs ^aksihs quk pukbkd prkskdtorsk ............. .......................... .......................... ...................... ......... 75
GO\AR[FH U ;. Efuabhs Ghrphrofks .................................. ..................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .................. ..... 79 ;.? Ckbabos prkvkdtavos poro fo rkghfkgga÷d bk eefuabhs fuabhs ghrphrofks ........... 79 ;.> Wodirk ................................................................................................. 70 ;.>.? Codg`os bk sodirk ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .................. ..... 70 ;.>.> Raphs bk codg`os bk sodirk ........................................................ 71 ;.>.>.? Rrodsekrabos .................................................................... 71 ;.>.>.> \rhykgtobo ..................................................................... 2< ;.>.>.7 Kdgurracakdth ................................................................. 2< ;.>.>.2 \hr acprkidoga÷d .......................... ............. .......................... .......................... .................... ....... 2< ;.>.>.; \hr facpaocakdth ............................................................. 2< ;.>.>.5 Wkiúd su ïdiufh ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... ...................... ......... 2< ;.>.>.9 Wkiúd su ofturo ........................... .............. .......................... .......................... ...................... ......... 2< ;.>.>.0 Wkiúd su supkreagak ........................................................ 2< ;.>.>.1 Wkiúd su vkfhgabob ......................................................... 2<
GO\AR[FH Uf 5. \rhthghfhs poro poro kf prhgksocakdth bk codg codg`os `os bk sodirk ......... .................. ......... 2? 5.? \rhthghfh poro kf prhgksocakdth bk codg`os bk sodirk kd Cáxagh .. 2? 7
5.> \rhthghfh poro kf prhgksocakdth bk codg`os bk sodirk Kf Wofvobhr. 2> 5.7 \rhthghfh poro kf prhgksocakdth bk codg`os bk sodirk Iuotkcofo . 27 5.2 \rhthghfh poro kf prhgksocakdth prhgksocakdth bk codg`os bk ssodirk odirk kd \krú ..... 22 5.; \rhthghfh poro kf prhgksocakdth bk codg`os bk sodirk Orikdtado ... 25 5.5 \rhthghfh poro kf prhgksocakdth bk codg`os bk sodirk Kstobhs
[dabhs…………………………………………………………………………….29
GO\AR[FH Uff 9. Rágdagos ogtuofks poro kf prhgksocakdth bk codg`os codg`os bk sodirk ....... 21 9.? Ikhcktrão kd fo ksgkdo bkf grackd ..................................................... 21 9.?.? Fo codg`o bk sodirk skiúd su vkfhgabob ................................... ;< 9.?.> Fo codg`o bk sodirk skiúd su ïdiufh ........................................ ;? 9.?.7 Kf ïrko bk ghdvkrikdgao y hraikd ................................................. ;? 9.?.2 Ofturo ..................... ........ .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .................. ..... ;7 9.?.; Whetwork @kchspot ...................................................................... ;2 9.> Ehthiroeão ............................................................................................ ;5 9.7 ^kghfkgga÷d bk codg`os bk sodirk ................................................... ;9 9.2 \ruknos \ruknos bk gocph y Fucadhf ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... ...................... ......... 5? 9.; Gopogatogahdks poro fhs advkstaiobhrks bk gocph ............ ......................... .................. ..... 5>
GO\AR[FH Ufff 0. \rkskdtoga÷d, odïfasas y bas basgusa÷d gusa÷d bk rksuftobhs ............. .......................... .................... ....... 52
GHDGF[WAHDKW ............................................................................................ 9; ^KGHCKDBOGAHDKW .................................................................................... 90 ^KEK^KDGAOW ................................................................................................ 0< ODKPHW ......................................................................................................... 00
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Adtrhbugga÷d Kd fhs bkfaths ghdtro fo vabo yo skod fksahdks u `hcagabahs, ghch phr kjkcpfh
fhs bkfaths ghdtro fo skiurabob y fankrtob skxuof, udh bk fhs adbagahs cïs acphrtodtks y cïs kdghdtrobhs kd kf fuior bk fhs `kg`hs h kd fo vagtaco ks fo sodirk. Ghd fo sodirk sk pukbk bktkrcador bastadths ospkgths bk ud bkfath ghch fo rkghdstrugga÷d bk `kg`hs, vadgufoga÷d vãgtaco, vagtacorah y fuior bk fhs `kg`hs. Ks acphrtodtk bktkrcador sa fo codg`o kdghdtrobo kd fo ksgkdo bkf grackd ks bk sodirk y sa takdk rkfoga÷d ghd ud `kg`h bktkrcadobh h ghd kf acputobh. \hr ksth casch ud tágdagh kd prhgksocakdth bk ksgkdos bkf grackd bknk kstor gopogatobh poro kstk taph bk ksgkdos bknabh o fo acphrtodgao quk takdk kstk adbagah poro fo rkghdstrugga÷d bk ud `kg`h gracadof. Ogtuofckdtk kd Iuotkcofo, kf C\ gukdto ghd kf Coduof bk Dhrcos y \rhgkbacakdths poro kf \rhgksocakdth bk fo Ksgkdo bkf Grackd, bhdbk sk kdgukdtro udo skgga÷d poro kf prhgksocakdth bk codg`os bk sodirk kf guof ghdtakdk udo kxpfagoga÷d nrkvk shnrk kf prhgksocakdth bk kstk taph bk adbagahs, ghdsabkrh quk fo skgga÷d poro kf prhgksocakdth bk codg`os bk sodirk bknk skr cïs ocpfah bknabh o fo acphrtodgao quk takdk kstk adbagah poro fo rkghdstrugga÷d bk udo ksgkdo bkf grackd guyh ead ks skr vofhrobh y ogkptobh ghch prukno kd ud prhgksh pkdof. Kf ophrtk bk ksto advkstaioga÷d skrï ud bhguckdth bk utafabob poro kf ush bk tágdaghs poro kf prhgksocakdth bk ksgkdo bkf grackd, easgofks, jukgks k advkstaiobhrks pravobhs, yo quk of chckdth bk quk sk fks prkskdtk udo advkstaioga÷d rkfogahdobo o udo ksgkdo bkf grackd quk ghdtkdio codg`os bk phsanfk sodirk, kf bhguckdth ophrtorï `krrocakdtos y ckthbhfhiãos dhvkbhsos, bktoffobos pkrh o fo vkz eïgafks bk skiuar nosïdbhsk kd prhthghfhs bk poãsks ghch Kstobhs [dabhs. O ghdtaduoga÷d, sk cukstro ud odïfasas ghcporotavh bk fos tágdagos quk sk utafazod kd kf Coduof bkf Cadastkrah \únfagh poro kf prhgksocakdth bk codg`os bk sodirk ghcporïdbhfos ghd tágdagos dhvkbhsos guyo adtkiroga÷d of coduof skrão abkof. Obkcïs, pukbk ghdtranuar poro fo grkoga÷d bk ud prhthghfh chbkrdazobh poro kf prhgksocakdth bk codg`os bk sodirk kd ud euturh. ;
Gopatufh f ?. Fo Gracadofãstago Ks udo gakdgao pkdof ouxafaor quk ckbaodtk fo opfagoga÷d bk sus ghdhgacakdths ckthbhfhião y tkgdhfhião, of kstubah bk fos kvabkdgaos cotkraofks bksgunrk y vkraeago gakdtãeagockdtk ud `kg`h prksudtockdtk bkfagtuhsh y of h o fhs prksudths outhrks, ophrtodbh fos pruknos o fhs hriodaschs quk prhgurod y obcadastrod justagao. ? Fo gracadofãstago ks udo gakdgao cuftabasgapfadorao fo guof ophyo of prhgksh pkdof. Ks udo basga basgapfado pfado gakdtãeago baraiabo o fo kvab kvabkdgao kdgao eãsago bk udo ksgkdo gracadof, rkofazïdbhfh ckbaodtk kf ouxafah bk bavkrsos gakdgaos y ghd kf ead bk ophrtor o ud prhgksh fkiof. ?.? Odtkgkbkdtks Fhs bkfaths `od kxastabh bksbk bágobos otrïs y burodtk cug`h takcph fo coyhrão bk prhgkbacakdths quk sk `od rkofazobh poro bksgunrar of gufponfk `od sabh cáthbhs cuy gukstahdonfks y dh ghdeaonfks. Fo gracadofãstago surik bk fo dkgksabob bk bksgunrar o ud gufponfk of chckdth bk prkskdtorsk ud bkfath, utafazodbh tágdagos prkgasos o gorih bk kspkgaofastos kd fo cotkrao.> Fo gracadofãstago surik kd kf saifh PfP, kd Erodgao, kf pahdkrh euk Kbchd Fhgorb. Fhgorb kro ud cábagh cafator, quakd kd ?005 grkh kf org`avh bk odtrhphfhião gracadof. Kd ?1?< grkh kf prackr fonhrothrah erodgás bk phfagão gakdtãeago kd bhdbk sk opfagono cáthbhs gakdtãeaghs poro rkshfvkr goshs phfagaofks. Obkcïs, grko kf pradgapah bk adtkrgocnah kf guof skrï kxpfagobh cïs obkfodtk.7 Fhgorb ks outhr bk 9 vhfúckdks bk gracadofãstago, fhs guofks eukrhd punfagobhs kdtrk ?17? y ?122 advkstaioga÷d \hfagaof, \rhgkbacakdths y Rágdagos Gakdtãeagos ‗ Kdgagfhpkbao GGA ‗ Rhch f gracadofãstago, pi. >< 7 Anab, pi. ><
>
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Adtkrdogahdof bk \hfagaof Gracadof fo guof bkspuás sk ghdvarta÷ kd fo Heagado Adtkrdogahdof bk \hfagaof Gracadof, Adtkrphf. Euk bastadth poro fhs odifhsojhdks yo quk ksths prkekrãod fo acoikd bk ud bktkgtavk pravobh o fo bk ud eudgahdorah bk phfagão. Kcpkz÷ kd kf saifh PfP bhdbk Kbchdb @kdry, nosobh kd Erodgas Iofthd y Yaffaoc @krsg`kff, grkh ud cáthbh bk gfosaeagoga÷d bk `ukffos ghd kf ead bk quk kstos eukrod e ukrod kdghdtrobos k adbavabuofazobos kdtrk cafks. Fukih kd Kstobhs [dabhs sk grk÷ kf prackr fonhrothrah ehrkdsk kd ?17 Bkeadaga÷d Fo gracadofãstago ks fo basgapfado ouxafaor bkf Bkrkg`h \kdof quk sk kdgorio bkf bksgunracakdth y vkraeagoga÷d gakdtãeago bkf `kg`h bkfagtavh y bkf bkfadgukdtk. ‛Ks fo gakdgao ouxafaor bkf bkrkg`h (pkdof, ga vaf, fonhrof, obcadastrotavh, kdtrk
htrhs) quk utafazo h kcpfko fhs rkgurshs tágdagh gakdtãeaghs kd fo núsqukbo y odïfasas bk fhs kfkckdths cotkraofks bk prukno, o ead bk kstonfkgkr sa `unh ud bkfath, hthriodbh o fhs advkstaiobhrks y of gracadofasto nosks gakdtãeagos shnrk kf
2
Nuqukt, Ofoad, Coduof bk Gracadofastago chbkrdo, prackro kbaga÷d kd kspoÿhf, kspoÿhf, trobugga÷d bk
Ihfbstkad, Uãgthr, Cáxagh, Waifh Ukadtaudh kbathrks, >.? Bkchstror gakdtãeagockdtk quk kxastk ud `kg`h bkfagtav bkfagtavh h ?.7.>.> Fo rkghdstrugga÷ rkghdstrugga÷d d bkf `kg`h ?.7.>.7 Kf ophrtk bk kv kvabkdgaos abkdgaos poro fo abkdtaeagoga÷d bk fo vagtaco ?.7.>.2 Ophrtor kvabkdgaos poro kf bksgunra bksgunracakdth cakdth bkf outhr y ghouthr ?.7.>.; Ophrtor kvabkdgaos quk bkcukstrkd kf irobh bk portagapoga÷d portagapoga÷d ?.7.7 Hnjktavh Ehrcof Kf hnjktavh ehrcof bk fo gracadofãstago ghdsto bk ophyor of ÷riodh bk justagao poro quk kstk hntkdio udo ghdbkdo ghd rkspkgth o ud prhgksh pkdof. Fo gracadofãstago nradboro, of ÷riodh bk justagao, cáthbhs gakdtãeaghs bkf kstubah bk fos pruknos poro osã fhiror fo rkghdstrugga÷d bk ud `kg`h gracadof. ?.2 \radgapahs Fo Gracadofãstago sk noso kd 5 pradgapahs: ?.2.? \radgapah bk prhbugga÷d: Waidaeago quk sakcprk of chckdth bk ghcktkrsk ud `kg`h bkfagtavh, sk utafazoro oikdtks ckgïdaghs, quãcaghs, eãsaghs h nahf÷iaghs, y ksths rkprkskdtod kfkckdths rkghdstrugthrks k abkdtaeagobhrks.
?.2.> \radgapah bk rkghdstrugga÷d bk `kg`hs h ekd÷ckdhs: ^kofazodbh ud odïfasas bk fhs adbagahs rkghfkgtobhs phbkchs rkghdstruar fhs `kg`hs.
5
F÷pkz Gofvh, \kbrh y I÷ckz Wafvo, \kbrh. Advkstaioga÷d gracadof y gracadofãstago \ïi. ?20.
0
?.2.7 \radgapah bk prhnonafabob: Of chckdth bk rkghdstruar fhs `kg`hs tkdkchs quk tkdkr kd ckdtk quk pukbk skr prhnonfk kd rkfoga÷d o fh quk sugkba÷ kd fo ksgkdo gracadof. Ksth sk cabk kd nojh, ckbaodh h ofth irobh bk prhnonafabob pkrh ks prhnonfk quk dh sk ffkiuk o rkghdstruar kf `kg`h kxogtockdtk ghch posh, phr ksth casch sk cabk kf irobh bk prhnonafabob. ?.2.2 \radgapah bk ush: Kd fhs `kg`hs quk sk ghcktkd h rkofazod, sakcprk sk utafazod oikdtks ckgïdaghs, quãcaghs, eãsaghs y nahf÷iaghs. ?.2.; \radgapah bk adtkrgocnah: Of ghdsucorsk kf `kg`h y bk ogukrbh ghd fos gorogtkrãstagos bk su ckgodasch, sk hraiado ud adtkrgocnah bk adbagahs kdtrk kf outhr, fo vãgtaco y kf fuior bk fhs `kg`hs h, kd su gosh, kdtrk kf outhr y kf fuior bkf sugksh. ?.2.5 \radgapah bk ghrrksphdbkdgao bk gorogtkrãstagos: nosobh kd ud pradgapah udavkrsof kstonfkgabh gracadofãstagockdtk: ‛Fo ogga÷d badïcago bk fhs oikdtks
ckgïdaghs vufdkronfks shnrk bktkrcadobhs gukrphs, bkjod acprksos sus gorogtkrãstagos, rkprhbugakdbh fo eaiuro bk su goro quk acpogto. Ekd÷ckdh quk bo fo nosk gakdtãeago poro rkofazor kstubahs cagrh y cogrh ghcporotavh bk kfkckdths prhnfkco y kfkckdths tkstaih, ghd hnjkth bk abkdtaeagor of oikdtk bk prhbugga÷d―9 ?.; Gakdgaos Ouxafaorks bk fo Gracadofastago Fo gracadofãstago ks cuftabasgapfadorao bknabh o quk sk ophyo kd udo skrak bk gakdgaos doturofks y shgaofks. Ofiudos bk fos gakdgaos kd fos quk fo gracadofãstago sk ophyo shd fos saiuakdtks:
?.;.? Gracadhfhião: ks fo gakdgao quk quk sk bkbago o nusgor kxpfag kxpfagogahdks ogahdks poro kdtkdbkr fo ghdbugto bkfagtavo.
9
Ornurhfo, Offod. Gracadofastago portk ikdkrof,Ckxagh, > ?.;.9 Bogtafhsghpao: kstubao kstubao y ghcporo fos `ukffos bogtaforks quk sk prhbugkd
ghd fos ykcos bk fhs bkbhs bk fos codhs, ghd hnjkth bk abkdtaeagor o fos pkrshdos vavos h cukrtos. ?.;.0 Ckbagado fkiof: Whd fhs ghdhgacakdths cá cábaghs baghs quk sk opfag opfagod od poro ouxafaor kd fo \rhguroga÷d, Obcadastroga÷d k Acportaga÷d bk fo Justagao ?7 ?.;.1 @kg`hs bk trïdsath tkrrkstrk: Opfago fhs ghdhgacakdths, cáthbhs y tágdagos o ead bk advkstaior fhs ekd÷ckdhs, ehrcos, hrãikdks y 0
Advkstaioga÷d \hfagaof, \rhgkbacakdths y Rágdagos Gakdtãeagos ‗ Kdgagfhpkbao GGA ‗ Rhch f gracadofãstago,
pïi. ;20 1 Chdtakf Whso, Juvkdtadh, Coduof bk Gracadofastago, >bo kbaga÷d, Ckxagh, Facuso, > ?< Anab.,pìi.>9 ?? Anab.,pïi. 75 ?> Anab.,pïi. 70 ?7 ^hbrãiukz, Iorgão, Oferkbh, ^kghpafoga÷d bk Ckbagado Fkiof y/h Ehrkdsk, Cáxagh, `ttp://www.upi.cx/wp-ghdtkdt/upfhobs/> Odtrhphfhião ehrkdsk: "roco bk fo odtrhphfhião eãsago quk ghd eadks ehrkdsks troto bk fo abkdtaeagoga÷d bk rksths cïs h ckdhs
ksqukfktazobhs, `ucodhs h bk phsanfk pkrtkdkdgao `ucodo?9 Kstos shd ofiudos bk fos gakdgaos ouxafaorks quk ophyod o fo gracadofãstago, gakdtãeagockdtk, poro nradbor pruknos o fos advkstaiogahdks bk `kg`hs bkfagtavhs y osã phbkr rkghdstruar fhs `kg`hs kd ud prhgksh pkdof.
?2
Ckbagado Fkiof y G., Ffodh, ^agorbh, Basgapfados gakdtãeagos quk ghdstatuykd fo gracadofãstago, `ttps://satks.ihhifk.ghc/satk/ckbagadofkiofygragorbhffodh0g/systkc/opp/poiks/rkgkdtG`odiks,
Fo Ghdstatuga÷d \hfãtago bk fo ^kpúnfago bk Iuotkcofo bk ?10;, adtkiro pradgapahs y iorodtãos pkdofks y prhgksofks. Ofiudos bk kstos iorodtãos y pradgapahs adgfuykd: kf bkrkg`h bk bkekdso y kf bknabh prhgksh, kf bkrkg`h o fo aiuofbob, fo bktkdga÷d fkiof, adtkrrhiothrah o bktkdabhs h prkshs, fo prksudga÷d bk adhgkdgao y punfagabob bkf prhgksh. Kd ?11? adagao fo basgusa÷d poro rkehrcor kf G÷baih \rhgksof \kdof, ksto rkehrco euk acpufsobo phr kf \rksabkdtk bk fo Ghrtk Wuprkco bk Justagao: Bhgthr Kbcudbh Uïzqukz. Fo rkbogga÷d bkf G÷baih \rhgksof \kdof kstuvh o gorih bk Jufah Coakr y Ofnkrth Nradbkr bk hraikd orikdtadh. Ksto rkehrco euk oprhnobo phr kf Ghdirksh bk fo ^kpunfago kf >0 bk skptakcnrk bk ?11>, kdtrh kd vaikdgao kf ?7 bk bagakcnrk bkf saiuakdtk oÿh. ?1
Osã ks ghch Iuotkcofo sk trodsehrco bk ud sastkco adquasatavh o ud ogusothrah, kd bhdbk kf prhgksh pkdof ks púnfagh, hrof y sk grko fo skporoga÷d bk eudgahdks poro fo advkstaioga÷d. >.7 Advkstaioga÷d Gracadof Ogtuof kd Iuotkcofo Bknabh of dukvh sastkco ogusothrah kd Iuotkcofo, ghdtochs ghd bkrkg`hs y iorodtãos burodtk fo advkstaioga÷d gracadof. Obkcïs, tocnaád ghdtochs ghd eudgahdks skporobos bk advkstaioga÷d y juziocakdth ghch sk cukstro kd fhs ortãgufhs >;? bk fo Ghdstatuga÷d \hfãtago bk fo ^kpunfago. O^RÃG[FH >;?.- (^kehrcobh) Cadastkrah \únfagh. Kf cadastkrah \únfagh ks udo adstatuga÷d ouxafaor bk fo obcadastroga÷d púnfago y bk fhs tranudofks ghd eudgahdks out÷dhcos, guyhs eadks pradgapofks shd vkfor phr kf kstragth gucpfacakdth bk fos
?1
Chdtkrrhsh, Jovakr, Advkstaioga÷d Gracadof, Kstubah ghcporotavh y prhpuksto bk ud chbkfh bk phfagão bk advkstaioga÷d kd Iuotkcofo, Iuotkcofo, >
?7
fkyks bkf poãs. Wu hriodazoga÷d y eudgahdocakdth sk rkiarï phr su fky hriïdago…
Kf ead bk ksto skporoga÷d bk eudgahdks ks quk kf prhgksh pkdof sko acporgaof y hnjktavh. Kd kf sastkco adquasatavh, kf `kg`h bk quk kf jukz advkstaioro y thcoro fo bkgasa÷d bk fo rkshfuga÷d, grkono baeãgaf rkspktor fhs pradgapahs bk acporgaofabob y hnjktavabob. >.7.? Cadastkrah \únfagh
Kd Iuotkcofo kf Cadastkrah \unfagh(C\) takdk o su gorih kf kjkrgagah bk fo ogga÷d pkdof púnfago y fo advkstaioga÷d bk bkfaths, ks udo adstatuga÷d out÷dhco k adbkpkdbakdtk. Ksth kstï sustkdtobh kd dukstro Ghdstatuga÷d, obkcïs bk fo Fky Hriïdago bkf Cadastkrah \unfagh. Whd eudgahdks bkf Cadastkrah \únfagh, sad pkrjuagah bk fos quk fk otranuykd htros fkyks, fos saiuakdtks (Ortãgufh > bk fo Fky bkf Cadastkrah \únfagh): >.7.?.?
Advkstaior fhs bkfaths bk ogga÷d púnfago y prhchvkr fo pkrskguga÷d pkdof odtk fhs tranudofks, skiúd fos eoguftobks quk fk ghdeakrkd fo Ghdstatuga÷d, fos fkyks bk fo ^kpúnfago, y fhs Rrotobh y Ghdvkdahs Adtkrdogahdofks.
>.7.?.>
Kjkrgkr fo ogga÷d gavaf kd fhs goshs prkvasths phr fo fky fky,, y oskshror o quakd prktkdbo qukrkfforsk phr bkfaths bk ogga÷d pravobo bk ghdehrcabob ghd fh quk kstonfkgk kf G÷baih \rhgksof \kdof.
>.7.?.7
Baraiar o fo phfagão y bkcïs gukrphs bk skiurabob bkf Kstobh kd fo
>.7.?.2
advkstaioga÷d bk `kg`hs bkfagtavhs. \rkskrvor kf Kstobh bk bkrkg`h bkrkg`h y kf rkspkth o fhs bkrkg`hs `ucodhs, kekgtuodbh fos bafaikdgaos dkgksoraos odtk fhs tranudofks bk justagao.
Adtkirodtks Oikdtks Easgofks, shd onhiobhs quk takdkd o su gorih fo barkgga÷d bk fo advkstaioga÷d y fo ogusoga÷d pkdof punfago ghd kf ead bk ffkvor o gonh kf bknotk hrof y púnfagh o pkrshdos ogusobos bk fo ghcasa÷d bk ud bkfath.
?2
Ouxafaorks Easgofks, ksths takdkd o su gorih fos bafaikdgaos nojh fo supkrvasa÷d bkf Oikdtk Easgof. Kd rkfoga÷d o Gracadofãstago, gukdtod ghd ud kquaph ffocobh Barkgga÷d bk Advkstaiogahdks Gracadofãstagos bkf Cadastkrah \únfagh, BAG^A. Fo BAG^A sk
kdgorio bk rkghfkgtor kvabkdgaos y htrhs ckbahs bk ghdvagga÷d quk ghobyuvkd of ksgforkgacakdth bk fhs `kg`hs bkfagtavhs. Kstos kvabkdgaos shd baraiabos údagockdtk poro kf Cadastkrah \únfagh y sus eudgahdks sk bksorrhffod nojh fo ghdbugga÷d bkf Easgof o gorih bkf gosh. Kstï ghcpuksto phr kf Ionadktk Rágdagh, kf guof o su vkz sk ghcphdk bk fos [dabobks bk Chdathrkh y [dabob ^kgkpga÷d, Odïfasas y ghdtrhf. Rhbos fos bafaikdgaos quk sk rkofazod bkdtrh bk fo BAG^A, shd ffkvobos o gonh phstkrahrckdtk o fo shfagatub rkofazobo phr kf Oikdtk h Ouxafaor Easgof, quk kstá kdgoriobh bkf gosh kd kf quk shfagatk fo advkstaioga÷d, pkratojk h guofquakr htro bafaikdgao. Obkcïs, kf C\ gukdto ghd bastadtos easgofãos quk shd kdgoriobos bk goshs skiúd kf bkfath quk sk `oyo ghcktabh phr kjkcpfh, fovobh bk badkrh, ekcagabah, goshs fonhrofks ktg. >.7.> \hfagão Dogahdof Gavaf Fhs eudgahdorahs y oikdtks phfagaofks ouxafaorod of Cadastkrah \unfagh ghd kf ead bk ffkvor o gonh kf prhgkbacakdth prkporothrah, ksths casch rkofazorod torkos bk advkstaioga÷d kd kf prhgksh pkdof. Fo eudga÷d advkstaiobhro kstï o gorih bkf Cadastkrah \únfagh. \oro kf ckjhr gucpfacakdth bk ksto eudga÷d bk pksquaso, fhs eudgahdorahs y oikdtks bk phfagão guodbh rkofagkd torkos bk advkstaioga÷d kd kf prhgksh pkdof, ogtuorïd nojh fo barkgga÷d bkf Cadastkrah \únfagh y kjkgutorïd fos ogtavabobks bk advkstaioga÷d quk fks rkquakrod, sad pkrjuagah bk fo outhrabob obcadastrotavo o fo guof kstïd shcktabhs. Bknkrïd tocnaád gucpfar fos ÷rbkdks quk, poro fo trocatoga÷d bkf prhgkbacakdth fks barajod fhs jukgks odtk quakdks pkdbk kf prhgksh. Kf Cadastkrah \únfagh supkrvasorï kf ghrrkgth gucpfacakdth bk fo eudga÷d ouxafaor bk ><
anab., \ïi. >1.
?;
fo phfagão kd fhs prhgkshs pkdofks y phbrï acportar adstruggahdks ikdkrofks of rkspkgth, guabodbh bk rkspktor su hriodazoga÷d obcadastrotavo. Bag`hs
hriodaschs ghhrbadorïd ogtavabobks poro kf ckjhr kjkrgagah bk fo ogga÷d pkdof phr portk bkf Cadastkrah \únfagh (Ortãgufh ??7 bkf G÷baih \rhgksof \kdof). >? Fo fky Hriïdago bkf Cadastkrah púnfagh kstonfkgk, Ortãgufh ;?. Bkpkdbkdgao y Wupkrvasa÷d. Kf Barkgthr bk fo \hfagão Dogahdof, fos outhrabobks phfagãogos bkportockdtofks y cudagapofks quk hpkrod kd kf poãs y guofquakr htro eukrzo bk skiurabob púnfago h pravobo, kstïd hnfaiobos o gucpfar fos ÷rbkdks quk kcodkd bk fhs easgofks bkf Cadastkrah \únfagh y bknkrïd bor gukdto bk fos advkstaiogahdks quk kekgtúkd. Fhs eudgahdorahs y oikdtks bk fos phfagãos kjkgutorïd sus torkos nojh fos ÷rbkdks y fo supkrvasa÷d barkgto bkf Cadastkrah \únfagh. Fo supkrvasa÷d adgfuarï kf ghrrkgth gucpfacakdth bk fo eudga÷d ouxafaor bk fo \hfagão y bk fos bkcïs eukrzos bk skiurabob guodbh gucpfod torkos bk advkstaioga÷d. Fhs easgofks kdgoriobhs bk fo advkstaioga÷d phbrïd acportar adstruggahdks of rkspkgth, guabodbh bk rkspktor su hriodazoga÷d obcadastrotavo. Fo phfagão y fos bkcïs eukrzos bk skiurabob dh phbrïd rkofazor advkstaiogahdks phr sã, sofvh fhs goshs urikdtks y bk prkvkdga÷d phfagaof. Kd kstk gosh bknkrïd adehrcor of Cadastkrah \únfagh bk fos bafaikdgaos progtagobos, kd ud pfozh dh coyhr bk vkadtaguotrh `hros, kf quk ghrrkrï o portar bkf adagah bk fo advkstaioga÷d. Kf Easgof Ikdkrof, fhs easgofks bk bastrath y fhs easgofks bk skgga÷d phbrïd dhcador, phr sã h phr shfagatub bkf easgof kdgoriobh bkf gosh, o fhs eudgahdorahs h oikdtks phfagaofks quk ouxafaorïd kd fo advkstaioga÷d bk ud osudth. Obkcïs, kd dukstrh G÷baih \rhgksof \kdof, `onfo shnrk su eudga÷d. Ortãgufh ??>.-Eudga÷d. (..). Fhs eudgahdorahs y oikdtks phfagaofks skrïd ouxafaorks bkf Cadastkrah \únfagh poro ffkvor o gonh kf prhgkbacakdth prkporothrah, y hnrorïd nojh sus ÷rbkdks kd fos advkstaiogahdks quk poro ksk kekgth sk rkofagkd (...) Ortãgufh ??7.- Ouxafah tágdagh. Fhs eudgahdorahs y oikdtks bk phfagão, guodbh rkofagkd torkos bk advkstaioga÷d kd kf prhgksh pkdof, ogtuorïd nojh fo barkgga÷d bkf Cadastkrah \únfagh y kjkgutorïd fos ogtavabobks bk advkstaioga÷d quk fks rkquakrod, sad pkrjuagah bk fo outhrabob obcadastrotavo o fo guof kstïd shcktabhs. >?
Norroiod, Juod Gorfhs, ADGF[WA×D BK FHW ^K_[AWARHW BK ODRKGKBKDRKW \KDOFK \KDOFKWW Q @HDH^ONAFABOB \O^O KF
DHCN^OCAKDRH BKF BA^KGRH^ IKDK^OF BKF ADWRAR[RH DOGAHDOF BK GAKDGAOW EH^KDWKW, Iuotkcofo, >
_uk ks adbaspkdsonfk fo portagapo portagapoga÷d ga÷d bk fhs kxpkrths y pkraths kd gakdgaos ehrkdsks, quk opfaqukd fhs ovodgks tkgdhf÷iaghs, ckthbhf÷iaghs y gakdtãeaghs bk fo ckbagado fkiof y gracadofãstago= graca dofãstago=
>.7.7.7
_uk fo gakdgao ehrkdsk ks ud kfkckdth kskdgaof kd fo advkstaioga÷d gracadof y bk guofquakr htro doturofkzo=
>.7.7.2
Ks dkgksorah quk kf skrvagah cábagh ehrkdsk, yo dh ehrck portk bkf Hriodasch Jubagaof y quk sko ud kdtk adbkpkdbakdtk=
>.7.7.;
Bag`h kdtk skrï rksphdsonfk bk thbh fh rkfotavh o fo advkstaioga÷d tágdago y gakdtãeago, kspkgaofckdtk bk `kg`hs bkfagtavhs >>
Kf ADOGAE, gukdto ghd bastadths skrvagahs gakdtãeaghs. Fo udabob bk gracadofãstago ghdtakdk fo skgga÷d bk Bogtafhsghpao, Wkgga÷d bk Uk`ãgufhs, Wkgga÷d bk >>
FKQ H^IODAGO BKF ADWRAR[RH DOGAHDOF DOGAHDOF BK GAKDGAOW EH^KDWKW BK I[ORKCO I[ORKCOFO FO ADOGAE, BKG^KRH D[CK^H 7>-> Ksgkdo gkrrobo: Wk bkdhcado osã of fuior bkf `kg`h quk sk kdgukdtro bkfacatobh ikdkrofckdtk phr porkbks y nojh tkg`h, ikdkrofckdtk kd vavakdbos, fhgofks, chtkfks, ktgátkro. 7.?.7 Ksgkdo caxto: Ks fo quk prkskdto kvabkdgaos rkfogahdobos, kd ud satah
gkrrobh y htrh onakrth y quk ghrrksphdbkd o ud casch `kg`h, bksorrhffobo kd kf adtkrahr y potah bk udo vavakdbo.
>7
Coduof bk nukdos prïgtagos kd fo Ksgkdo bkf Grackd, Cáxagh, Adstatuth Dogahdof bk Gakdgaos \kdofks, Wkiudbo kbaga÷d. pïi. ?5
?1
7.?.2 Ksgkdo prhfhdiobo: Ks fo quk adagao kd ud fuior y tkrcado kd htrh kd ehrco ghdtaduo sad adtkrrupga÷d, kd fhs guofks `oy adbagahs y/h kvabkdgaos rkfogahdobos of casch `kg`h y o fhs caschs prhtoihdastos. 7.?.; Ksgkdo bk fankroga÷d: Ks kf fuior baekrkdtk o fo ksgkdo hraiadof, kd fo quk kf bkfadgukdtk onodbhdo h sk bks`ogk bk fo kvabkdgao quk pubakro adgracadorfh h rkfogahdorfh ghd kf `kg`h bkfagtavh. Ksto ksgkdo tocnaád sk ghdhgk ghch fuior bkf `offozih, ks bkgar, kf satah bhdbk sk kdgukdtrod kvabkdgaos rkfogahdobos of `kg`h bkfagtavh, sad quk dkgksoraockdtk sko ástk bhdbk sk hraiad÷ kf grackd h bhdbk eadofaz÷.― >2 Obkcïs bk ksth, rkghrbkchs quk ud `kg`h gracadof pukbk tkdkr fuior kd baekrkdtks fhgofazogahdks, ks bkgar voraos ksgkdos phr ud bkfath. Kd kstk skdtabh kxastk kf pudth bk ghdtogth, ksgkdo pracorao, ksgkdo skgudborao, ksgkdo adtkrckbao y fuior bkf onodbhdh bkf gobïvkr. Fo ksgkdo bkf pudth bk ghdtogth `ogk rkekrkdgao of fuior bhdbk kf vagtacorah sk pr÷xach phr prackro vkz o fo vãgtaco, h kf prackr fuior f uior bhdbk fo otogh. Fo ksgkdo pracorao `ogk rkekrkdgao of fuior bhdbk kf vagtacorah rkofazo fo coyhr portk bk fo ogtavabob gracadof, ks bkgar bhdbk kstk casch adtkrvakdk kf coyhr takcph. Ksgkdo skgudborao, ks kf fuior bhdbk fo vãgtaco y vagtacorah adtkrogtúod h bhdbk sk rkofazo ogtavabob gracadof pkrh dh fo coyhr portk, h dh todth takcph ghch kd fo pracorao. \ukbk kdghdtrorsk ofiúd adbagah kd ksto. Ksgkdo adtkrckbao, ksto ks udo ksgkdo quk sk phsagahdo kdtrk fo ksgkdo
prackro y kf fuior bhdbk ks onodbhdobh kf gukrph. Fuior bkf onodbhdh bkf gobïvkr, ksto ksgkdo ks bhdbk ks kdghdtrobh kf gukrph bk fo vãgtaco. >;
>2
Jkr÷dach, Ifhrao Odiáfago, G^KOGA×D BKF RA\H \KDOF BK GHDROCADOGA×D BK KUABKDGAOW BK FO
KWGKDO BKF G^ACKD, Iuotkcofo, >7 Chdtakf Whso, Juvkdtadh, Hp. Gat. \ïi. 9<
77
>9
Kstos `ukffos shd eajobos phr ckbah bk fo ehthiroeão y rkghfkgtobos poro quk phstkrahrckdtk sk codbkd of fonhrothrah ehrkdsk, kd kf gosh bk Iuotkcofo of ADOGAE, poro su kstubah. 7.2.2 Núsqukbo y ^kghfkgga÷d bk Adbagahs \rkvah o fo rkghfkgga÷d bk adbagahs sk bknk bkeadar kf cáthbh bk núsqukbo bk fhs caschs. \oro nusgor bag`h cáthbh sk bknk ghdsabkror vorahs kfkckdths ghch fo kxtkdsa÷d h taph bk tkrrkdh, fo kbaeagoga÷d, y fo doturofkzo bk bkfath. Kstk cáthbh bk núsqukbo sk bkeadk phr ckbah bk fo adspkgga÷d hgufor bk fo ksgkdo bkf grackd, osã tocnaád bk fo adspkgga÷d bk fhs adbagahs quk pukbod kdghdtrorsk kd fo ksgkdo, bknabh of davkf bk urikdgao. \hr kjkcpfh, udo ghfaffo bk gaiorrh kdgkdbabh bknk skr rkghfkgtobo rïpabockdtk poro quk kstk dh sk ghdsuco y sk pukbo hntkdkr kf OBD kd kf fonhrothrah. \hstkrahr o rkofazor fo núsqukbo bk adbagahs sk prhgkbk o ehthiroeaor y rkofazor fo pfodacktrão bk gobo adbagah. Of chckdth bk `ogkr ksth sk prhgkbk o fo rkghfkgga÷d y kf kcnofojk. 7.2.2.? Cáthbhs bk Núsqukbo Fhs bastadths taphs bk cáthbhs bk núsqukbo shd: 7.2.2.?.? Cáthbh bk erodjos h fãdkos: kstk cáthbh ks abkof poro kspogahs onakrths h irodbks backdsahdks= poro rkofazorfh sk dkgksato bk voraos pkrshdos fos guofks sk ehrcorod kd udo fãdko y ovodzorod `ogao bkfodtk. Of chckdth bk ovodzor thbhs bknkd bk hnskrvor bktkdabockdtk ghd kf ead bk nusgor ud adbagah, of chckdth bk kdghdtrorfh sk bknk bk dhtaeagor of ghhrbadobhr h kdgoriobh bk fo ksgkdo sad `onkrfh thgobh. 7.2.2.?.> Cáthbh bk fo guobragufo h rkjaffo: takdk sacafatub ghd kf cáthbh bk erodjos, fo baekrkdgao ks quk kstk cáthbh rkofazo udo bhnfk núsqukbo bk adbagahs, kf pkrshdof gocadoro bk kstk o hkstk y bk sur o dhrtk. 7.2.2.?.7 Cáthbh bk zhdos, skgthr h guobrodtk: guobrodtk: ghdsastk kd bavabar fo ksgkdo bkf grackd kd zhdos, gobo guobrh tkdbrï su dúckrh bk abkdtaeagoga÷d. \hstkrahr o ksto skporoga÷d skporoga÷d sk prhgk prhgkbk bk o adspkg adspkggahdor gahdor gobo guobrh guobrh h zhdo poro adagaor fo núsqukbo bk adbagahs.
>0
7.2.2.?.2 Cáthbh robaof: ghdsastk kd rkofazor fo núsqukbo bksbk kf pudth gkdtrof bk fo ksgkdo `ogao kf kxtkrahr. Fo zhdo bknk tkdkr udo ehrco gargufor y kf bkspfozocakdth sk rkofazobo kd fhs robahs bk fo gargudekrkdgao. 7.2.2.?.; Cáthbh ksparof: ksto núsqukbo sk rkofazo ovodzodbh kd ksparof, pukbk rkofazorsk bksbk kf gkdtrh bkf ksparo `ogao oeukro h vagkvkrso bk fo ksparof. 7.2.2.?.5 Cáthbh bk pudth o pudth: kstk cáthbh ghdsastk kd unagor udo kvabkdgao phstkrahr o ksth, sk corgorïd fos bkcïs kvabkdgaos kdghdtrobos Ks acphrtodtk rkofazor ksths cáthbhs bk núsqukbo bknabh o quk sk pukbk ffkior o kdghdtror ghd cïs skiurabob thbhs fhs adbagahs bk fo ksgkdo of chckdth bk utafazorfhs, obkcïs bk ksth prkvakdk fo ghdtocadoga÷d bk adbagahs y ksgkdo of trodsator phr ud gocadh skiurh. 7.2.2.> ^kghfkgga÷d bk Adbagahs \rkvah o rkghfkgtor y kcnofor fhs adbagahs sk bknk ehthiroeaor gobo udh y kd ghdjudth. \oro kstk taph bk ehthiroeãos sk dkgksato fo ehthiroeão bktoffobo, prkvaockdtk kxpuksto kd kf ïrko bk ehthiroeão ehrkdsk. Of chckdth bk kdghdtror adbagahs, o trovás bk ksths cáthbhs, sk prhgkbkrï o fkvodtor fhs caschs, ks acphrtodtk quk ksths tkdiod vofhr saidaeagotavh poro fo rkghdstrugga÷d bk ud `kg`h bkfagtavh. Ksths adbagahs bknkd skr kcnofobhs phr skporobhs poro codtkdkr fo adtkirabob bk gobo adbagah. Of chckdth bk su fkvodtocakdth bk bknkd kcnofor obkguobockdtk, skiúd kf adbagah. Kf kcnofojk ghdsastk kd kf kcpoquk quk rksiuorborï kf adbagah, kstk kcnofojk bknk skr skffobh y ktaquktobh kd fo ksgkdo bkf grackd. Obkcïs, bknk ghdtkdkr adehrcoga÷d shnrk fo ksgkdo bkf grackd, barkgga÷d, ekg`o, adbagah rkghfkgtobh, bksgrapga÷d, y earco bk fo f o pkrshdo quk kcnofh.
Gobo kcpoquk bk kcnofojk bknk ghdtkdkr udo gobkdo bk gusthbao poro codtkdkr kf ghdtrhf bkf adbagah. >1
Fo Gobkdo bk Gusthbao ks , ‛Kf prhgkbacakdth ghdtrhfobh quk sk opfago o fhs adbagahs cotkraofks rkfogahdobhs ghd kf bkfath, bksbk su fhgofazoga÷d `osto su vofhroga÷d phr fhs kdgoriobhs bk obcadastror justagao y quk takdk ghch ead dh vagaor kf codkjh bk quk kffhs sk `oio y osã kvator oftkrogahdks, sustatugahdks, 72 ghdtocadogahdks h bkstruggahdks.― Kf ead bkf kcnofojk ks prkvkdar fo ghdtocadoga÷d bk gobo adbagah poro quk kstk pukbo skr ffkvobh of fonhrothrah ehrkdsk poro su phstkrahr advkstaioga÷d. Kf pkrshdof bk rkghfkgga÷d bknk skr gopogatobh bknabh o quk pukbk ffkior o ghdtocador ud adbagah, y kstk dh phbrï skr adghrphrobh ghch prukno kd ud prhgksh pkdof. ^kghrbkchs quk kxastkd baekrkdtks taphs bk adbagahs fhs guofks dh sk kcnofod aiuof= phr kjkcpfh, udo codg`o bk phsanfk sodirk y ud orco bk eukih.
72
Ornufhro Uofvkrbk, Orãstabks, Fo gobkdo bk fo gusthbao. \ïi. 7
7<
Gopatufh fU Adbagahs kdghdtrobhs kd kf fuior bk fhs `kg`hs 2. Bkeadaga÷d Whnrk kf tárcadh Adbagah, sk pukbk bkgar quk prhvakdk bkf fotãd ‛Adbagauc―, quk
saidaeago saidh oporkdtk y prhnonfk bk quk kxasto ofiudo ghso. Kd Gracadofãstago, adbagah, `ogk rkekrkdgao o thbh hnjkth, adstruckdth, corgo, `ukffo, rostrh, skÿof h vkstaiah, quk dhs pukbo adbagor fo kxastkdgao bk ud `kg`h pudanfk. Kstk adagah dhs chstrorï kf chbus hpkrdoba bkf bkfath, ghd kf ead bk phbkr abkdtaeagor o fhs outhrks bkf `kg`h. Fhs adbagahs dhs pukbkd pukbkd ffkior o bkchstror fo gkrtkzo bk ofiudhs `kg`hs. Kbchdb Fhgorb bagk quk ‛guodbh pkrshdos y hnjkths kdtrod kd ghdtogth
sakcprk `oy udo trodsekrkdgao kdtrk kffhs, thbh ghdtogth bkjo su rostrh. Fh quk kxpkrths gracadofastos y cábaghs ehrkdsks bkdhcadod adbagahs―. 7; Adbagah, ks thbh hnjkth, adstruckdth, `ukffo, rostrh, corgo h skÿof quk sk prhbugk burodtk fo kjkguga÷d bk ud bkfath. 75 Ks kf quk pukbk skr kdghdtrobh todth kd kf fuior bk fhs `kg`hs y kd kf gukrph bk fo vãgtaco h bkf vagtacorah, ghch kd fos ïrkos rkfogahdobos, yo skod pr÷xacos h bastodtks.79 2.> Gfosaeagoga÷d bk fhs Adbagahs \hbkchs kdghdtror adbagahs kd:
Kf fuior bk fhs `kg`hs Kd kf gukrph bk fo vagtaco Kd kf gukrph bkf vagtacorah Kd zhdos ofkboÿos Fhs adbagahs kdghdtrobhs kd fo ksgkdo bkf grackd, gukrph bk fo vãgtaco, vagtacorah y zhdos ofkboÿos= sk bavabkd kd trks. \hr kf chckdth bk su 7;
Ihdzofks Ifhrao, ADBAGAH KD FO KWGKDO BKF BKFARH, \krú, [.D.J.E.W.G-@uog`h , >
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