MultiScan Global Radar Presentation
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MultiScan
TM Global
Fully Automatic World Wide Hazard Detection
1 ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
“A major leap in radar technology occurs about every 15 years. This (MultiScanTM) is the next major leap and represents the future of radar.”
Twelve Patents Issued or Pending
- Chief Technical Pilot, Major U.S. Carrier
Rockwell Collins MultiScan GlobalTM Weather Radar
Selected by NASA for Enhanced Turbulence ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Development
Selected by Boeing as sole source for 7E7 Dream Liner
2
Agenda •MultiScan GlobalTM ¾Enabling Technologies ¾Features
•MultiScan Sky Master ¾Enabling Technologies ¾Features
•Additional Features •Hardware •Conclusion •Customer List and Testimony ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
3
MultiScan GlobalTM Enabling Technologies •Ground Clutter Suppression •Weather Digitization and Dynamic Memory Process •Automatic Hazard Assessment ¾Variable Temperature Based Gain ¾Oceanic/Continental Weather Correlation ¾Advanced Radar Threshold Technology (ARTT)
4 ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Ground Clutter Suppression (The Fundamental Problem – Finding the Best Tilt Angle)
Best Clutter Rejection
Compromise Tilt
Too High
Compromise
Too Low
Best Wx Detection
As the radar beam moves higher in the thunderstorm reflectivity decreases ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
5
Ground Clutter Suppression (MultiScan: Best Wx Detection Tilt Angle and Ground Clutter Elimination)
Ground GroundClutter ClutterSuppression SuppressionProvides: Provides: Best Bestweather weatherdetection detectiontilt tiltangle angle Optimum display of all significant Optimum display of all significantweather weatherfrom from the nose of the aircraft out to 320 NM the nose of the aircraft out to 320 NM Essentially EssentiallyGround GroundClutter ClutterFree FreeDisplay Display Long LongRange RangeWeather WeatherDetection DetectionCapability Capability Collins Unique
MultiScanTM looks down into ground clutter to view the most reflective portion of the thunderstorm.
Too High
MultiScan
(No Compromise)
Too Low
Note: Without Ground Clutter Suppression Capability a radar can optimize weather returns in only a very narrow 20 - 40 NM arc. ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
In automatic mode Ground Clutter Suppression is activated and all significant weather (i.e. weather that affects the aircraft flight path) is visible from 0-320 NM. 6
Weather Digitization and Dynamic Memory Process (Allows Ideal Radar Beam Emulation)
Ideal IdealBeam Beam––Keeps Keeps reflective reflectiveportion portionof of thunderstorm thunderstormininview viewout out to the maximum range to the maximum rangeof of the theradar radar
Digitizing DigitizingWx Wxreturns returnsand and storing storingmultiple multiplesweeps sweeps using usingaadynamic dynamicmemory memory process processallows allowsMultiScan MultiScan to toemulate emulatethe theideal ideal radar radarbeam. beam. ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
7
Weather Digitization and Dynamic Memory Process (The MultiScan Process)
Long Range and Short Range Scan
Scans Stored in Dynamic Memory
Scans merged. Ground Clutter Eliminated
Optimum Wx Display for Selected Range
Weather WeatherDigitization Digitizationand andDynamic DynamicMemory Memoryallow: allow: 1. 1. Simultaneous SimultaneousDisplay Displayof oflong longand andshort shortrange rangeweather weather 2. 2. Four FourSecond Secondsimultaneous simultaneousdisplay displayupdates updates 3. 3. Antenna AntennaReleased Releasedto toperform performother otherauxiliary auxiliaryfunctions functions 4. 4. Significant Significantgrowth growthusing usingdigital digitalprocessing processing 5. 5. Radar Radarevolution evolutionfrom from“rain “raingauge” gauge”to tohazard hazarddetection detection 6. OverFlight Protection (described later) 6. OverFlight Protection (described later)
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Collins Unique
8
Automatic Hazard Assessment (Variable Temperature Based Gain )
Aircraft itself is temperature sensor
Gain automatically adjusted
to compensate for ¾
Collins Unique
Temperature
freezing level, adiabatic
lapse rate used to predict thunderstorm characteristics ¾
Beam ‘intercept’
compensates for reflectivity
Bright Band
change through freezing level
Radar looks above
and below aircraft flight path ensuring optimum weather presentation
climb, cruise, descent
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
9
Automatic Hazard Assessment (Oceanic/Continental Wx Correlation and ARTT)
Low Reflectivity Oceanic Weather
MultiScan MultiScanadjusts adjustsgain, gain,tilt tiltand andthresholds thresholdsto toautomatically automatically compensate compensatefor forweather weathervariations variationscaused causedby byvarying varyinggeographic geographic and andclimatic climaticconditions. conditions. The Theresult resultisisthe theFirst Firstand andOnly OnlyRadar Radar that provides world wide hazard detection. that provides world wide hazard detection. Captain's Window
MultiScan
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
First Officer’s Window
Collins Unique
Traditional Radar
Bright Band
10
MultiScan GlobalTM Features
11 ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Fully Automatic Optimum Operation To Reduce Pilot Workload
10 nm
80 nm
20 nm
160 nm
40 nm
320 nm
Fully FullyAutomatic Automatic Optimized Optimized00--320 320NM NM Weather Weather Ground GroundClutter ClutterFree Free
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
12
Comprehensive Low Altitude Weather Detection To Enhance Safety In Critical Flight Phases Manual
Two beams to enhance safety in take-off, Climb, Descent and Landing Flight Phases: ¾MultiScanTM’s upper beam looks along the aircraft flight path to protect against vaulted thunderstorm energy
MultiScanTM
¾MultiScanTM’s lower beam provides extended range weather detection Collins Unique ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
13
OverFlightTM Protection (Over Scanning) It is difficult to Avoid Over Scanning Top of cells at or just below the aircraft altitude.
Problem: How do you prevent over scanning and inadvertent thunderstorm top penetrations?
3rd
1st
2nd
Industry Discussions Suggest that much of what we call CAT, is really turbulence associated with weather at or just below the aircraft altitude: 65% Above 25,000’ 80% Below 25,000’
3rd
2nd
20 nm ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
1st
40 nm
80 nm 14
OverFlightTM Protection To Enhance Safety In Cruise 30 NM
With Withcurrent currentgeneration generation of ofRadar, Radar,this thiscell cellwould would normally normallybecome become invisible invisiblewithin within40 40NM NMof of the aircraft the aircraft
Top of threat cell obscured by haze 25 NM
20 NM
OverFlight OverFlightprotection protection keeps keepsthe thethreat threatcell cell in inview viewuntil untilitit passes passesbehind behindthe the aircraft aircraft
Threat cell clearly above aircraft altitude
Collins Unique
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
10 NM 15
Long Range Weather Detection (Not Practical in Manual Due to Low Tilt and Excessive Ground Clutter)
Center of beam has greatest energy for detecting weather
65,000’
Earth’s Surface
Bottom of beam must be raised above highest terrain to ensure clutter rejection
Beam raised to eliminate ground clutter limits radar range to approximately 140 NM
320 nm Center of beam has greatest energy for detecting weather
Beam centered on the horizon can detect over the horizon weather ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
16
Long Range Weather Detection To Plan Ahead, Reduce Unnecessary Deviations and associated fuel costs
Today’s Radar (80 nm)
MultiScan - 320 nm Strategic Weather 320 NM Oceanic Weather Collins Unique
MultiScan Tactical Display (80 nm)
Today’s Radar (80 nm)
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
17
Long Range Weather Detection (0 - 320 NM Weather, Turbulence and PAC Alert on a single display!!)
1 3
2
3 2 1
• Storms at 60, 100 and 180 NM visible on the radar display and verified from the cockpit • Turbulence indicated out to 40 NM • PAC Alert bar
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
18
MultiScan Threat Weather Display Weather Along the Aircraft Flight Path is Displayed
Qantas Delivery Flight - June 27, 2003
Collins Unique
Cells below the aircraft altitude are not displayed
Cell displayed at 120 NM
Cell above aircraft altitude displayed
MultiScan MultiScanonly onlydisplays displaysthreat threatweather weatheralong alongthe theaircraft aircraftflight flightpath path This Thisunique uniquefeature featuregreatly greatlyreduces reducespilot pilotwork workload, load,reduces reduces unnecessary unnecessarydeviations deviationsand andincreases increasessafety safety ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
19
Turbulence Detection (Improved Turbulence) MultiScanTM: • Compensates for vertical shear forces as a function of horizontal winds to give a more accurate magenta turbulence presentation • Provides Turbulence Out to 40 nm in all Range Scales
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
20
MultiScanTM Sky Master (Version 2.0)
Enabling Technologies •SmartScanTM •Directed Vertical Scans •Long Pulse Enhanced Turbulence (E-Turb)
21 ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
SmartScanTM (Key Enabling Technology – Version 2) MultiScanTM Utilizes SmartScanTM for Smooth and Rapid Weather Updates in a Turn MultiScanTM “remembers” weather in this sector and displays it in conjunction with SmartScanTM weather for a total weather picture
Collins Unique
SmartScanTM Scans only in the direction of the turn allowing for rapid weather updates
End Results •Weather Update Rates in the turn that are as fast or faster than current generation radars •Area of weather where weather is not displayed (wedge) on current generation radars is cut in half
SmartScanTM halves the size of the wedge where weather is not displayed
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Current Radars Produce a Significant Wedge (no weather) in the Direction of turn because antenna scan rates of 4 or 8 seconds limit the antenna revisit time 22
Directed Vertical Scans (Key Enabling Technology – Version 2)
Directed Vertical Scans Prioritize Threat Thunderstorm Cells and Sequentially Update Storm Characteristics
Directed Vertical Scans Provide: • Rapid Wx Database Updates, even during turns • Accurate Storm Cell Evaluation •Tops •Growth Rates ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Collins Unique 23
Turbulence Detection (Key Enabling Technology - Version 2) Composite Collins MultiScan Turbulence Sensor Technology Capabilities
CLOUD
+40 +20
NASA/ FAA Enhanced Turbulenc e
Competitively CompetitivelySelected Selected for forJoint JointNASA/Airline/Industry NASA/Airline/Industry Advanced AdvancedTurbulence Turbulence Technology TechnologyTransfer Transfer and andOperational OperationalEvaluation Evaluation
Conventional Weather Radar Turbulence Detection, OverFlight and Predictive OverFlight Protection
MultiScan Very Low Reflectivity Turbulence Detection
0
CLEAR AIR
ICE - PRECIPITATION
Reflectivity (dBZ)
Collins Unique
-20 Companion Multi-Wavelength IR Radiometer
-40 0
10
20
30
40
Range (NM)
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
24
MultiScanTM Sky Master (Version 2.0)
Features
25 ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
MultiScan Sky Master (Version 2.0 Features)
Long Pulse Enhanced Turbulence Detection Storm Top Information out to 80 NM Predictive OverFlight Protection Geographic Weather Correlation Iconal Storm Top •Actual (Visual) Storm Top •Wind Direction •Vaulted Energy Threat •Interpreted Information ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
26
Long Pulse Enhanced Turbulence (Key Enabling Technology – Version 2)
Collins Unique
This 0 dBz oceanic cell would not have been detected by a system using the current industry E-Turb definition
Long Pulse Technology Enables Longer Range and Lower Reflectivity than Industry Defined Enhanced Turbulence Function Advanced Autocorrelation Process Provides High Quality Turbulence Estimation Simultaneous Operation with MultiScan Antenna Scans Does Not require Time Consuming Dedicated Antenna Sweeps Competitively Selected for Joint NASA/Airline/Industry Advanced Turbulence Technology Transfer and Operational Evaluation
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
27
80 NM Storm Top Information “Behind the Scenes” Directed Vertical Scans provide Storm Top Information out to 80 NM Collins Unique
- Edge of Beam used to provide increased accuracy - Special scanning techniques provide actual (not just radar) top of the storm ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
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Predictive OverFlightTM Protection Collins Unique
Predictive OverFlight Protection warns of storms growing into the aircraft flight path
Storm Growing at 6,000 ft. per minute Storm will grow into aircraft flight path by the time the aircraft arrives
OverFlight Protection, Predictive OverFlight Protection and Long Pulse Enhanced Turbulence eliminate up to 65% of unexpected turbulence encounters ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
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Icon Based Vertical Scan Information
Collins Unique
Actual Top CAT Bubble
Wind Direction Radar Top Vaulted Energy
Growth Rate
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
30
Additional Features
31 ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
PAC Alert (Southern Airways Flight 242) Pilot’s Radar Presentation
Actual Weather In April 1977 Penetrates the crew ofExtreme Southern 242 Aircraft was working their way throughtoan area of Thunderstorm Reaching cells55,000 over eastern Alabama Feet that is Producing Tornadoes and Three Inch Hail FO: “Which way do we go across here or go out…I don’t know how we get through here, Bill.” CPT: “ I know, you’re just gonna have to go out…” FO: “Yeah, right across that band.” CPT: “All clear left approximately right now. I think we can cut across there now.” FO: “All right, here we go.”
Since 1975 at Least Ten Fatal Accidents Have Occurred in the United States Where Radar Attenuation was a Major Contributing Factor ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
32
PAC Alert • Compensates For Attenuation Due To Intervening Precipitation (Up To Approximately 80 nm) • When Compensation Limit Reached, Alert Annunciates Areas Where Severe Attenuation is Occurring (PAC Alert Bar)
Collins Unique
PAC Alert Bar Warns Crew of Severe Attenuation
80 nm
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
160 nm
33
Ground Mapping
Ground Ground Map Map mode mode isis available availableininboth bothautomatic automatic and manual mode. and manual mode. Gain Gain isis decreased decreased by by approximately approximately one one color color level level to to better better differentiate differentiate ground groundtargets. targets.
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
MAP (072902_4)
34
Forward Looking Windshear (Continuous Weather Behind the Windshear Icon) Collins Unique
Real-Time Weather Continuously Displayed Behind the ICON Weather and Windshear Icon Updated Every Three Seconds for Both Captain and Co-pilot Close ICONs Don’t Wipe Out Weather Data Complete Weather Presentation for Hazard Avoidance
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
35
Hardware
36 ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Current Generation 708A Radar System High Reliability WMA701/702 Pedestal
•Does not require annual removal for re-greasing •Utilizes single high reliability "Variable Reluctance" Stepper Motor (less cost, higher reliability) 9 Extremely simple, rugged and highly reliable motor design 9 No brushes or permanent magnet. 9 Windings are along the outside of the motor on the 'Stator' not on the rotor. Result, very good thermal conductivity between the windings and the case providing very high torque in a small and light weight size.
•Advanced Microstep drive technology - extremely accurate independent control of both the scan and elevation axes in 1/64th degree increments ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
12 Month System Reliability WMA701/702 pedestal Flight hours flown in last 12 months - 5,637,955 MTBUR - 19,308 MTBF - 30,129 WCP-702 control panel Flight Hours flown in last 12 months - 1,856,623 MTBUR - 27,303 MTBF - 48,140 WMT701/702 mount Flight hours flown in last 12 months - 3,613,127 MTBUR - 722,000 MTBF - 903,000 WRT701X R/T Flight hours flown in last 12 months - 5,685,914 MTBUR - 7,986 MTBF - 16,209 WFA701X antenna Flight hours flown in last 12 months - 3,561,506 MTBUR - 323,000 MTBF - 647,000 37
WXR-2100 MultiScan System Overview
New R/T (WRT-2100) automatic volumetric antenna scanning more accurate representation of weather faster, simultaneous update rate to left and right displays Software upgrade to pedestal (WMA-701/2) higher precision antenna scanning quieter operation Improved reliability less mechanical stress New MultiScan control panel automatic or manual mode Otherwise ‘standard’ FLW aircraft installation wiring and flat plate antenna
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
(WCP-701/2)
38
MultiScan Typical Control Panels
Airbus
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
39
Summary and Conclusion
40 ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Functionality
Collins Radar Growth
MultiScan 2002 MultiScan (Version 1.0)
Hardware
-Fully Automatic Operation -Ground clutter Suppression -Digitization and data base correlation of radar scans -Variable Temperature Based Gain -Optimized 0 – 320 NM Weather -Comprehensive Low Altitude Weather -OverFlight Protection -Long Range Strategic Weather -Threat Weather Displayed Along Aircraft Flight Path
2003 MultiScan Global (Version 1.7)
-Worldwide Hazard Detection -Oceanic/Continental Weather Correlation -Advanced Radar Threshold Technologies
2006 MultiScan Sky Master
2009 MultiScan 3.0
(Version 2.0)
-SmartScan -Long Pulse Turbulence Detection -80 NM Storm Top Information -Predictive OverFlight Protection -Hazard Prioritization and evaluation -Vertical Iconal Storm Threat Version 3 Version 2
WXR-2100 2002
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
41
WXR-2100 MultiScan Benefits
Unique Safety Features Low altitude weather detection Overflight Protection Total Weather Picture 0-320 NM any time anywhere
PAC Alert Weather behind Windshear ICON And more to come…
Pilot workload reduction Fully automatic Radar operation
Highly reliable System No requirement for pedestal annual removal
AAMajor MajorLeap LeapIn InRadar RadarTechnology Technology Improving ImprovingSafety SafetyIn InAll AllPhases Phasesof ofFlight Flight ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
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MultiScan certifications Boeing ( All Completed ) Certification Date October 30, 2002 January 10, 2003 March 5, 2003 April 10, 2003 July 8, 2003
Aircraft Type 747 737NG 757 777 767
First of Type Customer Qantas ILFC Air 2000 Vietnam Airlines Italian Tanker
Airbus Certification Date Early 2005 Early 2005
Aircraft Type A340, 330 A318/319/320/321
Note: Full MultiScan Hardware and System provisions already certified at Airbus
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
43
Customer Quotes
“You should let your sales people go with this. You’re competition has nothing like this. I can navigate all around the weather at any altitude and I don’t have to play with the tilt. I’m not going to fly through a cell and hurt anybody.” “MultiScanTM works exactly the way an experienced pilot would operate the radar, except it is all done automatically” “MultiScanTM is the biggest leap in radar technology since the introduction of C-Band radar.” “A major leap in radar technology occurs about every 15 years. This (MultiScanTM) is the next major leap and represents the future of radar.” “ I have been using radar for 30 years and now I can push a button and have it do every thing I can do automatically.” “Essentially you have taken the way an experienced pilot operates an x-band radar and automated the process.” MultiScan is like having a crew member with years of flight experience in the cockpit whose only job is to operate the radar. "Now this is how a radar should work....now I can concentrate on what I'm here for....flying the plane!"
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
44
MultiScanTM Customers Europe, Middle East and Africa
Air Algerie A330
Air France A320 B747/A330/B777
Aer Lingus A320
Yemen Airways A330
Egypt Air A330/A320
Alitalia 777
British Midlands A319
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
KLM 777
LuxAir 737NG
Debis A321, A320, A319
Lufthansa A330/B777
First Choice B757
Malev 737NG
Air Europa 737NG
45
MultiScanTM Customers ASIA
Thai A340
Qantas A330/B747 /737NG
EVA A330/B777
Bangkok Airways A320
Air New Zealand A320
Shenzhen 737NG
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Vietnam Airlines A321/B777
All Nippon Airways 737NG
Malaysia Airlines 777
Korean Airlines 777
Royal Brunei A319
46
MultiScanTM Customers ASIA
China Eastern A321/A320A340
Sichuan Airlines A319
China Southern A320/A330
Shanghai 737NG
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Air China A320, A319,B737NG
Shandong 737NG
China Airlines 747
Hainan 767
47
MultiScanTM Customers America
Independence Air A320
Spirit Airlines A320
Northwest A330
Virgin Blue 737NG
AeroMexico 737NG
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
48
MultiScanTM Customers (Boeing 7E7)
All Nippon Airways Air New Zealand (50 firm)
Boeing 7E7
First Choice (6 firm)
(2 Firm)
Blue Panorama (4 firm)
(Projected 1,600 firm)
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
49
WXR-2100 MultiScan GlobalTM Radar from the Weather Radar Leader
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
50
Next Generation Radar System PMR-2100 MultiScan Radar (Precision Multi-Mode Radar)
Weather Radar Processor will be an evolution of the WXR-2100 processing Modifications to support WRAU interface Modifications to integrate with ISSPU architecture WRAU uses modification of GaAs FET based power amplifier developed for BRS No Wave Guide
Flat Plate R/Ts
Antenna Pedestal
Sole Source Selection for Boeing’s 7E7 Dream Liner ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
51
Collins ISS-2100 Collins’ Advanced Surveillance Capabilities in a Brand New Package Weather Radar
TCAS
ISS-2100
TAWS
Mode S
•Weather Radar 8 MCU CoRE Module & TAWS software 4 MCU
6 MCU •TCAS
•Mode S •TAWS
4 MCU
8 MCU
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Sole Source Selection for ISS-2100 Boeing’s 7E7 Dream Liner 52
MultiScan GlobalTM (Version 1.7)
Performance (and Auto Tilt Comparison)
Collins is pleased to provide this MultiScan performance review and Auto Tilt comparison. We have made every effort to be as accurate as possible. Please do realize, however, that we may not have incorporated the latest information on our competitor’s product. Industry changes are constantly being made and we are obviously not privy to all the engineering efforts being conducted by our competition. 53 ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Auto Tilt Radar (How It Works) MultiScan Global vs Auto Tilt Tilt 3
Tilt 2 Tilt 1
45o
30o
Tilt 4 30o
30o 45o
Tilt 5
Auto tilt uses EGPWS inputs to detect terrain height in five quadrants and then varies the tilt to scan over the top of the highest terrain
Note: If one pilot selects the 160 NM or above range scale and the other selects the 80 NM or below range scale the radar alternates sweeps using different tilt angles (see right). Display updates occur every eight seconds ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
The 80 NM range scale (and below) uses a relatively low tilt angle that results in ground clutter just beyond the 80 NM range scale.
The 160 and 320 NM range scales use a higher tilt to eliminate ground clutter at the radar horizon.
54
Use of terrain referenced - automatic tilt angle
Antenna tilt angle using terrain reference may reduce ground clutter but will reduce weather detection at the same time Inconsistent weather detection if terrain is not of the same height left - right scan
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
55
Basic Issue with Auto Tilt Radar (Optimum Tilt Angle – Consistent Scans)
MultiScan Global vs Auto Tilt
Tilt 3
Tilt 2
MultiScan – first scan
Tilt 1
45o
30o
Tilt 4 30o 30o 45o
Tilt 5
MultiScan – second scan
MultiScan uses consistent tilt angles from scan to scan. The individual scans are stored in dynamic memory, ground clutter is removed and the optimum weather picture is presented to the flight crew.
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
If the tilt is varied during the course of a radar scan (up to 5 times in the case of an auto tilt radar) the radar will look up and down in the line of thunderstorms and produce inconsistent weather returns on the display when scanning from quadrant to quadrant. 56
Lateral scan example 2 3
1
4
3.
2.
Using terrain referenced antenna tilt will cause unequal antenna tilt angles as a function of azimuth
4.
1.
inconsistent, suboptimal weather scan
ROCKWELL COLLINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
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