Multimedia Previous 5 Years Question Papers Solved by Suresh S Koppal

SL No

Q No

1 2

1.A

i. Define multimedia. ii. Explain the different stages in Multimedia making.

1 2

1.B

Describe how multimedia can be used for the following application area i. Multimedia in distributed learning environment. ii. Multimedia in medical sciences.

3 4

3

QUESTION

Page No

4 5

2.A

i. What is multimedia software? ii. Explain briefly the verities of multimedia software

5 5

6 7

2.B

i. Explain text as a part of multimedia. ii. Write a note on anti-aliasing texts

8 9

8 9

3.A

i. write a note on the functionalities of sound card and ii. draw a neat sketch of sound card construction

10 11

10 11

3.B

i. write a note on computer animation. ii. List its various classification

12 13

11 12

4.A

i. What do you mean by multi-track. ii. Explain any two stages of multi-track

14 15

13 14

4.B

i. What is an image? ii. Explain its types with examples

16 17

15 16

5.A

i. Define multimedia authoring tool. ii. How is it better than multimedia programmer tool?

18 20

17

5.B

How to set up multimedia system configuration

23

18 19

6.A

i. What is multimedia hardware? ii. Explain the role of internet tools for World Wide Web

24 32

20

6.B

explain briefly about the windows platforms that supports multimedia

35

21

7.A

i. What is the use of video? ii. Explain digital video with digital architecture.

38 39

22

7.B

Briefly explain the process involved in multimedia project planning and costing.

41

8

write a short notes on i. midi interface cards ii. scanner and scanning techniques iii. categories of multimedia iv. making instant multimedia

23 24 24 25

44 46 51 52

SL No

Q No

26

1.A

QUESTION i. What is multimedia? ii. Explain various applications of multimedia.

Page No

Repeated in

55 2006.1.B

1.B

Explain the different stages in multimedia making

2.A

Write a note on multimedia skill set.

2.B

i. Write a note on Functionalities of sound card and ii. Draw a neat sketch of sound card, construction.

28 29

3.A

i. define text ii explain the use of text in multimedia with proper illustrations

58 60

30 31

3.B

i define sound and ii what is digital audio explain

63 64

4.A

i. What is an Image? ii. Explain its type’s with examples.

2006.4.B.i 2006.4.B.ii

4.B

Write a note on Internet tools for world wide web.

2006.6.A.ii

5.A

i. Write a note on computer Animation ii. lists its various classifications.

2006.3.B.i 2006.3.B.ii

5.B

i. Define multimedia Authoring tool. ii. How is it better than Multimedia programming tool.

2006.5.A.i 2006.5.A.ii

6.A

i. What is multimedia software? ii. How to setup multimedia system configuration.

2006.2.A.i 2006.5.B

6.B

what is the Role of Media content Designer and interface Designer.

7.A

i. What is the use of video ? ii. Explain Digital video with Digital video Architecture.

2006.7.A.i 2006.7.A.ii

7.B

Explain briefly about the windows platforms that supports multimedia.

2006.6.B

8.A

Briefly Explain the process involved in multimedia project planning and costing.

2006.7.B

8.B

Give the Importance of designing and producing Multimedia projects.

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32

33

2006.1.A.ii 56 2006.3.A.i 2006.3.A.ii

66

68

SL No

Q No

Repeated in

i. What is multimedia software? ii. Explain briefly the varieties of multimedia software.

2006.2.A.i 2006.2.A.ii

1.B

i. Explain text as a part of multimedia. ii. Write a note on Anti-Aliasing texts

2006.2.B.i 2006.2.B.ii

2.A

Briefly explain the process involved in multimedia project planning and costing

2006.7.B

2.B

i. write a note on the functionalities of sound card and ii. draw a neat sketch of sound card construction

2006.3.A.i 2006.3.A.ii

3.A

i. Write a note on computer animation. ii. List its various classifications

2006.3.B.i 2006.3.B.ii

3.B

i. Define multimedia authoring tool. ii. How is it better than multimedia programming tool?

2006.5.A.i 2006.5.A.ii

4.A

i. What is multimedia? ii. Explain its multiple facts

4.B 5.A

36

Page No

1.A

34 35

QUESTION

write a note on the various classifications of multimedia how to setup multimedia system configuration

5.B

what is the role of media content designer and interface designers

6.A

explain any two characteristics of authoring tools?

2007.1.A.i 72 74 2006.5.B 2007.6.B

77

Note: question has been asked only two character but I have solved four characters so that it might be useful for question 2009.5.A 6.B

explain briefly about the windows platforms that support multimedia

37

7.A

what is the role of internet in multimedia

81

38

7.B

explain the term multimedia of web

83

8

Write short notes on: i. drawing tools ii. Network scheduling -2006 iii. MIDI interface Cards iv. Scanner and Scanner techniques

39 40

2006.6.B

85 86 2006.8.i 2006.8.ii

SL No

Q No

QUESTION

Repeated in

1.A

i. Define Multimedia Software. ii. Write briefly the different verities of a multimedia software

2006.2.A..i 2006.2.A..ii

1.B

Explain Anti-Aliasing texts

2006.2.B.ii

2.A

i. What is multimedia? ii. Write its multiple facts

2007.1.A..i 2008.4.A.ii

2.B

discuss the various classification of multimedia

2008.4.B

3.A

write the process involved in multimedia project planning and costing

2006.7.B

3.B

write a note on windows platforms that support multimedia

2006.6.B

4.A

i. Write a note on computer animation. ii. List its various classification

2006.3.B.i 2006.3.B.ii

4.B

Explain how to setup multimedia setup configuration

2006.5.B

5.A

write the characteristics of authoring tools

2008.6.A --------

5.B

i. Draw a neat sketch of sound card construction. ii. Explain the functionalities of sound card.

2006.3.A.i 2006.3.A.ii

6.A

Explain the role of internet in multimedia.

2008.7.A

6.B

explain the term multimedia of a web

2008.7.B

7.A

what is the role of media content designer and interface designer

2007.6.B

7.B

explain MIDI interface card

2006.8.i

8.A

Write a short notes on any two i. Network scheduling ii. drawing tools iii. scanner and scanning techniques

2008.8.ii 2008.8.i 2006.8.ii

SL No

Q No 1.A

QUESTION

Page No

Repeated in 2007.1.A.i 2006.1.A.ii 2006.1.B….

i. What is multimedia? ii. Explain the different stages of multimedia

41

1.B

Describe the use of multimedia in different application areas.

91

42

2.A

write in detail about font editing and designing tools

94

note: here editing and designing refers to “Drawing tools” 2.B 43 3.A

44 45

i. Define sound. ii. Explain the power of sound Write a note on i. Scanner ii. Animation iii. Clipart images iv. Graphic Images

2007.3.B.i 96

2006.8.ii 2006.3.B.i 99 100

4.A

Explain the multimedia authoring tools

2006.5.A.i

4.B

How to setup multimedia system configuration?

2006.5.B

5.A

Explain briefly about the windows platforms that supports multimedia

2006.6.B

5.B

What is the role of internet in multimedia?

2008.7.A

6.A

i. What is menu? ii. What are essential things to follow for its creation?

OUT OF SYLLABUS It’s a VB question

6.B

i. What is an image? ii. Explain the source of graphic images.

OUT OF SYLLABUS It’s a VB question

7.A

i. Define array. ii. Explain types of array with example.

OUT OF SYLLABUS It’s a VB question

7.B

Explain the windows application wizards.

OUT OF SYLLABUS IT’S A VB ?

8.A

i. Explain the form and ii. its properties

OUT OF SYLLABUS It’s a VB question

8.B

i. What is an integrated development environment? ii. Explain how VB can use as an IDE?

OUT OF SYLLABUS It’s a VB question

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1.A i. Define multimedia. ii. Explain the different stages in Multimedia making.

1.A. i. Define multimedia. Multimedia has been defined in a number of ways. Definition I: as per (ElsomC oook? 2001). Multimedia is the combination of a variety of communication channels into a co-ordinate communicative experience for which an integrated cross-channel language of interpretation does not exist” This definition gives way for two approaches—one that is termed the “multiple-media”" utilization, and (he other in which a combination or different channels acquires unification as a medium. The latter approach leads us to the next definition: Definition 2: as per (Reddi, 2003). Multimedia can be defined as an integration of multiple media elements (audio, video. graphics. text, animation. etc.) into one synergetic and symbiotic whole that results in more benefits for the end user than any one of the media elements can provide individually” As the name implies, multimedia is the integration of multiple forms of media. This includes text, graphics, audio, video, etc. For example, a presentation involving audio and video clips would be considered a "multimedia presentation." Educational software that involves animations, sound, and text is called "multimedia software." CDs and DVDs are often considered to be "multimedia formats" since they can store a lot of data and most forms of multimedia require a lot of disk space. Due to the advancements in computer speeds and storage space, multimedia is commonplace today. Therefore, the term doesn't produce the same excitement is once did. Multimedia has become a popular technology in the ever-changing world of computers. Since last few years, it seems to be much sought after the talked about, not only in the world of Information Technology, but also in various functional fields like advertisement, corporate sector, cinema, fashion design and education, to name a few. More and more research work on this new technology of sound, animation and text, is making it better and better with every passing day. It is one of the most realistic ways of working even for people having no knowledge of computers. It targets people from almost all ages of life from a toddler to an aged one.

Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 1

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1.A .ii. Explain the different stages in Multimedia making. Stages of Multimedia Application Development A Multimedia application is developed in stages as all other software are being developed. In multimedia application development a few stages have to complete before other stages being, and some stages may be skipped or combined with other stages. Following are the four basic stages of multimedia project development:

1. Planning and Costing : This stage of multimedia application is the first stage which begins with an idea or need. This idea can be further refined by outlining its messages and objectives. Before starting to develop the multimedia project, it is necessary to plan what writing skills, graphic art, music, video and other multimedia expertise will be required. It is also necessary to estimate the time needed to prepare all elements of multimedia and prepare a budget accordingly. After preparing a budget, a Prototype(sample) or proof of concept can be developed.

2. Designing and Producing : The next stage is to execute each of the planned tasks and create a finished product.

3. Testing: Testing a project ensure the product to be free from bugs. Apart from bug elimination another aspect of testing is to ensure that the multimedia application meets the objectives of the project. It is also necessary to test whether the multimedia project works properly on the intended deliver platforms and they meet the needs of the clients.

4. Delivering: The final stage of the multimedia application development is to pack the project and deliver the completed project to the end user. This stage has several steps such as implementation, maintenance, shipping and marketing the product. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 2

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1.B

Describe how multimedia can be used for the following application area i. Multimedia in distributed learning environment. ii. Multimedia in medical sciences.

1.B .i Multimedia in distributed learning environment. Multimedia and distributed learning environment = uses of multimedia in education Use of multimedia in schools / education: 1. today’s education in fluctuating, in cities education level is increasing, whereas in villages it declining. Hence multimedia should be used where education level is down The situation had occurred in us in 1990, govt of us took a bold step and introduced multimedia network oriented education smart class 2. time is very near where multimedia is going to become a virtual super highway connecting all schools from Kashmir to kanyakumari and so on kolkatta to mumbai 3. multimedia is really needed in medical courses, because all the colleges will not be having ultra modern equipments to teach very sensitive subjects a. the above concept has been first applied in yale university of medicine which gave 100 presentations on cardiology and radiology etc 4. now a days multimeda so many colleges are coming up with their school magazine and news letter using multimedia 5. so open universities are raising 6. online education are tutoring is booming example: kidzone, where we can find online wild kingdom, which we can make them to roar on our finger tip movement 7. education tutor cd like pebbles, cbt, vtc, Lynda are revolutionizing the multimedia a. first education cd came in 1994 with 2500 title for puc 2nd year in usa 8. online admission and online classes a. first applied by Washington university 9. television education programs a. as some education programs on dd1 where algebra, and basic elements of environment and some science topics are demonstrated through stories and puppets 10.satellelite education a. presently applied by world’s second largest open university IGNOU 11.virtual universities (non physical existence of university building) a. currently its in 11 countries including Pakistan, Canada etc benefits of multimedia in education 1. provokes dull students, converting passive to active 2. because of less pressure teacher becomes mentors or escorts 3. makes students think and perform beyond their capacity 4. provides equal platform and equal resources and equal challenges 5. ultimately knowledge becomes potential Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 3

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1.B .ii Multimedia in medical sciences. Multimedia in medical sciences 1. medical lecture(surgery)

consider a medical lecture based on the surgical procedure on a patient. the goal is to permit a large number of students a realistic view of the procedure in an operating room. it is convention to crowd all students around the operating table so the operation is broadcast to students at remoter sites 2..Radiology 1. 2.

the scientific study of the medical use of radiation , especially X-rays Consider an x ray display being viewed and discussed jointly by a small group of doctors through a videoconferencing system. 3. Because the participants mean to interact with each other, it is desirable to keep the end to end delay of the information as low as possible while still maintaining synchronization of the voice and data instead of only audio and video.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

3..Tele-pathology Pathology: the scientific study of disease Several medical institutions are conducting remoter pathology analysis The main idea is to provide remoter control of a microscope to a person, together with a real time display of the microscope image Online medical information through website Online medical booking Knowing more information about hospital specialties

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2.A

i. What is multimedia software? ii. Explain briefly the verities of multimedia software

2.A i. What is multimedia software? Multimedia software, or just software, is a collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do and how to do it. Software is just as important as hardware, however, because the hardware will not function without it. These are considered as "brains" of the system as they include the instructions, procedures, and system supervisor in an electronic form.

Software performs the following functions: JInterfaces between the operator, peripheral components, and the control computer's processor JRegulates the flow of information among the components and the central processing unit JTranslates commands from the operator into specific hardware instructions JAllocates hardware resources for specific tasks JIndexes and cross-references JProduces workflow scripts for routing, document flow, and processing JProvides administration, statistics, and reports

2.A ii. Explain briefly the verities of multimedia software CLASSES OF SOFTWARES Practical computer systems divide software systems into three major classes system software, programming software and application software, although the distinction is arbitrary, and often blurred.

Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 5

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For a multimedia student Application software’s are very important compared to system and programming software, hence let’s dive in into application software

APPLICATION SOFTWARE Application software is developed to aid in any task that benefits from computation. It is a broad category, and encompasses software of many kinds, including the internet browser being used to display this page. This category includes:

Photoshop :- Image editing and producing tool Flash :- a 2D animation authoring tool provided by Adobe and Macromedia 3DMAX :- 3D Animation like, cartoon, and comic advertisement And many more multimedia application software are available in the market Maya, dream weaver, audacity, Ulead etc Photoshop: Adobe Photoshop, launched by Adobe Systems in 1990, updated several times, and still the most widely used software application for processing digital images. The professional package is expensive and complex, taking about nine months to master completely. However, a reduced version introduced in 2001, Adobe Elements, offered a selection of features to the advanced amateur. Photoshop's principal image manipulation procedures are: contrast and brightness control, colour balance and correction and the use of filter algorithms to provide image blur, despeckle, sharpening, unsharp masking, and dust and scratch removal. With practice, the toolbox allows for the elimination of parts of the image, and the paintbrush and pipette to fill in. Flash: Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash) is a multimedia platform used to add animation, video, and interactivity to web pages. Flash is frequently used for advertisements, games and flash animations for broadcast. More recently, it has been positioned as a tool for "Rich Internet Applications" ("RIAs"). Flash manipulates vector and raster graphics to provide animation of text, drawings, and still images. It supports bidirectional streaming of audio and video, and it can capture user input Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 6

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via mouse, keyboard, microphone, and camera. Flash contains an object-oriented language called Action Script and supports automation via the JavaScript Flash language (JSFL). Flash content may be displayed on various computer systems and devices, using Adobe Flash Player, which is available free of charge for common web browsers, some mobile phones and a few other electronic devices (using Flash Lite). Some users feel that Flash enriches their web experience, while others find the extensive use of Flash animation, particularly in advertising, intrusive and annoying, giving rise to a cottage industry that specializes in blocking Flash content. Flash has also been criticized for adversely affecting the usability of web pages. 3DMAX Autodesk 3ds Max, formerly 3D Studio MAX, is for making 3D animations. It was developed and produced by Autodesk Media and Entertainment. It has modeling capabilities, a flexible plug-in architecture and can be used on the Microsoft Windows platform. It's frequently used by video game developers, TV commercial studios and architectural visualization studios. It is also used for movie effects and movie previsualization. In addition to its modeling and animation tools, the latest version of 3ds Max also features shaders (such as ambient occlusion and subsurface scattering), dynamic simulation, particle systems, radiosity, normal map creation and rendering, global illumination, a customizable user interface, and its own scripting language. Maya Autodesk Maya commonly shortened to Maya, is 3D computer graphics software that runs on Linux, Mac OS and Microsoft Windows, originally developed by Alias Systems Corporation (formerly Alias|Wavefront)and currently owned and developed by Autodesk, Inc. It is used to create interactive 3D applications, including video games, animated film, TV series, or visual effects. The product is named after the Sanskrit word Maya (bÝcÝ māyā), the Hindu concept of illusion.[3] dream weaver Adobe Dreamweaver (formerly Macromedia Dreamweaver) is a proprietary web development application originally created by Macromedia, and is now developed by Adobe Systems, which acquired Macromedia in 2005.

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Dreamweaver is available for both Mac and Windows operating systems. Recent versions have incorporated support for web technologies such as CSS, JavaScript, and various serverside scripting languages and frameworks including ASP, ColdFusion, and PHP. Audacity Audacity is a free software, cross-platform digital audio editor and recording application. It is available for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and BSD. Audacity was created by Dominic Mazzoni while he was a graduate student at Carnegie Mellon University. Mazzoni now works at Google, but is still the main developer and maintainer of Audacity, with help from many others around the world. The latest release of Audacity is 1.3.13, a beta, released on 11 April 2011.[5] As of 10 October 2011, it was the 11th most popular download from SourceForge.net, with 76.5 million downloads.[6] Audacity won the SourceForge.net 2007 Community Choice Award for Best Project for Multimedia. 2.B

i. Explain text as a part of multimedia. ii. Write a note on anti-aliasing texts

2.B i. Explain text as a part of multimedia. 1. 2. 3.

Text is one of the primary mediums of communication of information. Text can also be used for reinforcing a concept. Text for multimedia can be produced using a number of I Word Processing Software. Many newer authoring packages also allow 4. most of the Word processing facilities. 5. While developing text for Multimedia application please make sure that the text format, which you have developed, is compatible to the Authoring tool text format. 6. Some of the tips for creation of textual information are: i. The amount of text put in a Multimedia application should be limited to short Paragraphs or point wise lists. ii. The font size should be large enough to be read easily by the Multimedia user. iii. the Minimum point size, should be 20 points so that it is visible from a distance. iv. The text styling and formatting should be consistent over the complete Application. v. The special effects on text should be used to highlight important concepts or Messages, but do not overdo (over format) them. vi. Use font types (bitmapped or outlined fonts) and point sized, which are Commonly available. This will make sure that the text looks the same as it was designed. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 8

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2.B ii. Write a note on anti aliasing texts

Anti aliasing 1. “Anti-aliasing is a technique widely used in computer graphics to optimize the look of graphics and typography on the display screen. 2. Anti-aliasing visually ‘smoothes’ the shapes in graphics and type by inserting pixels of intermediate colors along boundary edges between colors” 3. Basically, anti-aliasing is a tool found in image-editing software programs and many multimedia authoring systems. 4. It is designed to smooth out the jagged edges of graphics and typography 5. in order to anti-alias an image when rendering, the computer has to take samples smaller than a pixel [the most basic component of any computer graphic] in order to figure out exactly where to blur and where not to. 6. Well, people who are serious about the looks of their graphics care about anti-aliasing. When to Use Anti-Aliasing 1. When the low resolution of the computer screen is insufficient for displaying diagrams that incorporate many curves or angles; lines that do not follow the pixel grid appear jagged. a. To optimize these kinds of diagrams for Web pages, you’ll need to use anti aliasing to smooth the boundaries and make the jagged edges less apparent” 2. When we want a gently and blended look for titles and headlines… giving a more professional appearance. a. Anti-aliasing blends the colors along the edges of the letters (called dithering) to create a soft transition between the letter and its background” 3. “When text is really small the anti-aliasing tends to blur the letters making them hard to read on some monitors” a. anti-aliasing is more important for text at larger point sizes [larger than 14 points] and makes text readable Defects 1. “Although anti-aliasing can result in better display quality, it can also put a drain on system resources and slow the animation” 2. “Because the process [of anti aliasing] adds more intermediate colors, the image becomes much less compressible. To keep the file size down, anti-alias with the fewest number of colors is better ” Conclusion Due to the larger file sizes of anti-aliased images and the tendency to blur small text, the decision to use or not to use anti-aliasing has to be examined on an image by image basis. Using or not using ant aliasing has its cost. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 9

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3.A

i. write a note on the functionalities of sound card and ii. draw a neat sketch of sound card construction

3.A.i write a note on the functionalities of sound card and Wednesday, October 05, 2011 8:51 PM The Sound Card and Speakers 1. Computers need both .a sound card and speakers to hear audio, such as music., speech. and sound effects. 2. Most motherboards provide an on-board sound card. This built-in sound card is fine for the most purposes. 3. However , if you want higher quality sound, you can add an additional sound card to the system. 4. Multimedia means that the computer can do more than just display text and pictures 5. Multimedia computers can play and record music, display videos, run games and more 6. The sound card allows us to hear audio form the computer. 7. Sophisticated sound systems include as many seven speakers and a subwoofer. 8. These are almost a must for music enthusiasts and dedicated gamers. They use surround sound technology to make different sounds seem as though they are coming from different directions. a. For example, we can hear a jet coming from behind us, fly overhead, and zip out of earshot in front of us. b. Explosions feel real when they boom out of the subwoofer. These sound systems can produce concert hall quality music from our favorite artists as well 9. The same sound card and speakers can play music form the Cd/DVD drive, the standard windows sounds and music form external devices plugged into our system 10. We can also plug in external devices to our sound card, record audition into the computer, and record music from our computer to external device. 11. Many musicians require this flexibility so that hey can easily combine music and multiple source

1. 2. 3. 4.

The basic functions of a sound card A sound card converts digital sound signals to analog for speakers making it louder or softer However, most speakers include their own power and can include their own volume control Sound cards also include a sampler. A sampler is a circuit is a circuit that digitizes an audio waveform. This means that it converts the analog waveform to a digital waveform.

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5. 6. 7. 8.

9.

We can attach a microphone or any other audio input device to the sound card and record it. Sound cards can also generate their own sounds. They include built in synthesizers that allow them to play musical notes from a wide range of musical instruments Nearly all sound cards support the musical instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) protocol a. Midi is a standard for representing music electronically. Some sound cards are sound blaster compatible a. This is means that the sound card can process commands written for a sound blast card. This is because creative labs, the company that took the lead in sound cards, became the defacto standard, with a product line of sound cards called sound blaster

3.A.ii

draw a neat sketch of sound card construction

1. 2.

We need speakers or headphones to hear the audio from our computer Although a sound card can power headphones, an ordinary sound card does not have the necessary power to drive anything more than the smallest computer speakers. 3. Many computer users buy better speakers with dedicated power that can also produce superior sound. 4. Some systems have simple sound card ports like those shown in the fig. 5. The small image to the left of the top port has an arrow pointing in to the center, which means it accepts input from external devices, such as MIDI instruments. a. This is also called as line in connection

Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 11

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6.

7. 8. 9.

3.B

The image by the middle port has an arrow pointing out from the center a. We can plug our speaker into this port. b. This is also called as line out connection c. We plug one speaker into the computer and the second speaker plugs into the first speaker The bottom port is for a microphone More sophiscaticated sound cards and speakers systems have additional connections. They also come with detailed instructions on how to connect hem

i. write a note on computer animation. ii. List its various classification

3.B.i. write a note on computer animation.

Computer animation can be described as an art form that involves bringing still images to life using computer technology. To create computer animation, a still, or non-moving image, is first displayed. With speed in mind, this image is then replaced with another image. Speed is key to the success of computer animation. To give the illusion of smooth movement, complete images, often called frames, must be shown at speeds of at least 12 images per second. At lesser speeds, the human eye is able to detect a certain amount of jerkiness. Animation is a type of optical illusion. It involves the appearance of motion caused by displaying still images one after another. Often, animation is used for entertainment purposes. In addition to its use for entertainment, animation is considered a form of art. It is often displayed and celebrated in film festivals throughout the world. Also used for educational purposes, animation has a place in learning and instructional applications as well. Cartoon animation is often considered to be animation in its classic form. The animated cartoon made its debut in the early part of the 20th century and calls for the use of 24 different drawings per second. In traditional animated cartoons, frames are hand drawn. Animation is both time-consuming and costly to produce. For this reason, most of the animation made for television and film is produced by professorial studios. However, there are also many independent studios. In fact, there are many resources, such as lower-cost Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 12

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animation programs and distribution networks, that make the work of the independent animator much easier than it was in the past. When animation is used for films or movies, each frame is produced on an individual basis. Frames can be produced using computers or photographs of images that are either drawn or painted. Frames can also be generated by altering a model unit in small ways and using a special camera to take pictures of the results. No matter what method is used, the film or movie that results fools the eye into seeing continuous movement. Persistence of vision is often projected as the reason the eyes can be fooled into seeing continuous movement that isn't really happening. Basically, the brain and the eyes cooperate, storing images for a mere fraction of a second. Minor jumps or blips are automatically smoothed out by the brain. Since animation frames are shot at very fast rates, most individuals see the movement without stoppages. Keep in mind that persistence of vision is a theory and not a proven concept. Many film academics and theorists accept its relevance to animation. However, there are some scientists that call the theory a complete myth. Though the work of producing animated movies and cartoons can be intense and laborious, computer animation can make the process much faster. Computer technology is steadily improving, and professionals are able to create life-like characters using computers and special animation software. However, skilled animators are still necessary for producing quality animations. After all, computers are not yet capable of making artistic choices and bringing real passion to simple images.

3.B. ii. List its various classification Types Of Animation • There are several types of computer animation being created. Both 2D and 3D animation are popular but are used for different reasons. 2D is used in Flash animation and PowerPoint animation and focuses on manipulating a two-dimensional image. 3D is used for building virtual-based characters and objects within a virtual world. 3D animation software can create a movie that seems very real to the viewer whereas 2D animation appears flat and like a cartoon and is not usually integrated into a nonanimated film. 2D Animation Software • 2D animation software is typically created with Flash software. The scene is drawn as if the artist were drawing on paper. The images are drawn by hand and scanned into the computer or the images are drawn in the computer with an illustration program and then manipulated in the Flash software. Brushes and pencils can be replaced by a graphics tablet or a mouse. Flash animation is popular on the web as a means to demonstrate simple processes to the viewer. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 13

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3D Animation Software • 3D animation software requires every object to be created on a wire frame model that contours to the shape drawn. The wire frame model is a 3D grid that allows the software to map the shape and subsequent movements of the objects. The artist assigns colors and textures to the shape, which allows the software to then create the character. The artist working in 3D animation software needs to be a good sculptor. 3D animation software is used for film making. Maya Animation Software •

4.A

The most popular 3D animation software, and by far the most powerful available, is Maya. Used for special effects as well as animation, Maya is the software most in demand in Hollywood. Other animation software used is 3DS Max, Lightwave 3D and SoftImage. When Hollywood combines live film and animation they use one of the following software products: -Inferno -Adobe After Effects -Combustion

i. What do you mean by multi-track. ii. Explain any two stages of multi-track

4.A.i what do you mean by multi track.

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4.A.ii Explain any two stages of multi track Two stages of multi-track

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4.B

i. What is an image? ii. Explain its types with examples

4.B.i what is an image? Another important and interesting component of multimedia is graphics. One of the Basic facts in multimedia production is that, people do not like reading large amount of textual matter on the screen. Also, it is a myth about human nature that a subject is Better explained to them when represented in pictorial or graphical form, instead of Textual matter i.e., graphics are used more often than text to explain a concept, present background information etc. Unlike text that is represented in universal ASCII format, graphics does not have any single agreed format. To start with these are two different ways in which graphs or images can be described, Bitmap and Vectors. Bitmap Images – A bitmap image assumes an image to consist of two-dimensional squares, which are Called the pixel or dots on the screen. The size and the quality of such a image depends on the pixel density and number of colors it uses. For example, a standard VGA screen uses 640x480 i.e., a total of 307200 dots or pixel to display an image Vector Images Other formats for storing images is vector or object oriented format. In this format, an image is formed as a set of straight or curved lines instead of dots. A line can be Represented by a mathematical equation, whose number can be stored as a set of binary codes? This form of coding is potentially more economical for disk storage space. The draw back is that it requires software to produce the image that is time consuming. CAD package use this type of images. A vector image file is always of the same size no matter how large a image is. Thus, for display clarity this type of images should be projected on better resolution display units. There are several technology and sources available to produce images or graphics for Multimedia package. Image can be created by using a Paint program, by scanning Photographs using a scanner and by drawing artwork. You can generate 3D graphics And animation using various sophisticated software. You can combine these images Using image manipulation programs that can combine many different types of graphics files, to create new images.

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4.B.ii Explain its types with examples We used the image types for printing, scanning and internet use. Different types of image types. PNG(Portable Network Graphics) format: * We pronounced the .PNG as ping. * Original purpose of PNG was to be a royalty-free GIF and LZW replacement. * However PNG supports a large set of technical features, including superior lossless compression from LZ77. * Compression in PNG is called the ZIP method, and is like the 'deflate" method in PKZIP (and is royalty free). JPEG(Joint Photographic Experts Group) format: * .JPEG is pronounced as Jay Peg. * This is the correct format for photo images which is very For example, for Websites or for email. * It is often used in Digital camera memory cards. * JPG uses loss compression (loss meaning "with losses to * Loss means that some image quality is lost when the JPG and this quality can never be recovered. * File compression methods for most other file formats are "fully recoverable".

small.

quality"). data is compressed and saved, lossless, and lossless means

GIF(Graphic Interchange format) format: * .GIF is file extension. * There have been debates about pronunciation of .GIF * Some one told that we need to pronounce like Jiff or Gift(without the t). * It is used to show images online. * GIF is still an excellent format for graphics, especially on the web. BMP(Windows Bitmap)file format: * The BMP file format (Windows bitmap) handles graphics files within the Microsoft Windows OS. * Typically, BMP files are uncompressed, hence they are large; the advantage is their simplicity and wide acceptance in Windows programs. TIF(Tagged Image File Format): * TIFF image format is not widely supported by web browsers. * TIFF remains widely accepted as a photograph file standard in the printing business. * we can't use the TIF in internet browser. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 17

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5.A

i. Define multimedia authoring tool. ii. How is it better than multimedia programmer tool?

5.A .i define multimedia authoring tool. AUTHORING TOOLS Authoring can be described as creating highly interactive applications in which the information can flow in both the directions i.e., from application to user and from user to application. Multimedia authoring tools has helped in creating higher-quality audio and video applications with very little expertise. Authoring does not require a team of programmers, Instructors, corporate communications, and content specialists with no previous programming experience should be able to learn and use the authoring environment. At large, authoring programs could be grouped into the following two distinct types: (i) Those that relied entirely on point and click, and (ii) Those that required simple scripting. Multimedia authoring tools can be evaluated by performing certain tests, which include the creation of non-interactive multimedia, computer-based training (CBT) applications, catalog creation and even authoring for the World Wide Web. The advantage of using object-oriented programming has been inculcated in the authoring products like Everest Authoring System offers object instancing, while Media Verse and Oracle Media Objects allows to add new methods and events to existing objects. Supplied templates in Author ware and Media Verse saves the time in implementing specific functionality. In order to create effective multimedia, one needs tools that can handle a wide range of authoring tasks, including interactive title development, CBT, interactive catalogs/kiosks and web authoring. The Web authoring task involves generating an application that can be played by a helper application from within a web browser, or something as complex as a stand alone application designed to stream data from the server over TCP/IP connections and onto the user's browser without making the user download the application. The following subsections discuss a few important authoring tools: 3.4.1 Author ware Macromedia's Author ware is a dependable industrial-strength environment that allows multiple people to contribute to an application. Artists can load a library with media, programmers can provide templates for complex interactions, and interface designers can put everything together. And one non-programming designer can even do the entire job alone. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 18

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3.4.2 Everest Authoring System Everest Authoring System 1.5 is best suited for the developers of CBT applications who seek a powerful but easy-to-use windows-based authoring environment. As far as CBT environments go, Everest (a Windows 3.1 application that also plays back on Windows 95) features strong multimedia support, enough object orientation to improve the productivity over competing products, and great technical support. 3.4.3 Icon Author Icon Author, an authoring tool requires the use of an icon-based flowchart for building an application. It still maintains a strict separation between an application's structure and the actual content and still ships with a number of ancillary programs that help to edit and manage content. 3.4.4 ImageQ ImageQ is another multimedia authoring software package. Although, it is a windows 3.1 application but it can also play back on windows 95, create slide show presentations well and provides a way to distribute them easily. It lacks the intuitive programming language and strong interface necessary for truly productive multimedia applications development. 3.4.5 Macromedia Director Macromedia Director 4.04 is better suited to multimedia presentations and kiosk applications than CBT or interactive catalogs that require more database work. This product offers a lot. (i) central scoring component that provides precise timing control (ii) cross-platform compatibility (iii) Strong yet intuitive animation features (iv) And as extensive architecture to add functionality. 3.5 QUICK TIME Quicklime is software, developed by Apple that supports time-based media on the Macintosh. It has also been ported for windows environment. An example of timebased media is video—a sequence of images that are displayed on screen to create the illusion of motion. The images are time based because to retain synchronization with a sound track, the images must be displayed at the correct time in relation to the sound track.

3.6 dream weaver Adobe Dream weaver CS3 is a web software application that provides total support for website creation and management. This advanced program meets the needs of many skills levels, from professional web designers to beginners just learning about page creation. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 19

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5.A .ii How is it better than multimedia programmer tool? Why it better than other multimedia tools: Authoring Software is the main production tool for multimedia. An Authoring System is a program which has pre-programmed elements for the development of interactive multimedia software titles. Authoring systems vary widely in orientation, capabilities, and learning capabilities of the user. Most of the authoring systems require some basic knowledge of heuristic thinking and algorithm design. Authoring actually is just a speed-up form of programming; although you need not know the intricacies of a programming language, or an API, but you do need to understand how programs work. The main features of authoring software are: • Integrated Multimedia Elements • Script language programs • Icon based programs • DLLs for extending features • Supporting CD-ROM or laser disc sources • Supporting Video for Windows • Hypertext • Cross-Platform Capability • Runtime Player for Distribution. .1 Integrating Multimedia Elements It is essential for authoring software to support a wide area of format with different media elements. The authoring software must be supported by add-on boards and peripheral devices to play multimedia. The final feature of authoring is to build interactivity. • Authoring programs provide developers with a greater degree of control over each multimedia element than presentation programs. • Authoring programs are geared towards education and training applications as well as business presentations. .2 Script Language Programs Authoring Software offers the ability to write scripts for software to build features that are not supported by the software itself. Script language programs create multimedia presentations from a series of programming style commands linked together in a word processing typescript. The Scripting languages are closest in form to traditional programming. The scripting language specifies (by filename) multimedia elements, sequencing, hotspots, synchronization, etc. A powerful, object-oriented scripting language is presently available with many authoring systems. In such languages the program editing of Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 20

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elements (still graphics, video, audio, etc.) tends to be minimal or non-existent. The scripting takes longer time in development (it takes longer to code an individual interaction), but generally allow more powerful interactivity. Since most Scripting languages are interpreted, instead of compiled, the runtime speed gains over other authoring methods are minimal. However, it supports a better and more complex media interactivity. The script language programs are powerful programs but can be difficult to learn. These programs are not readily transported to other hardware platforms. 3 Icon-based Programs Although a multimedia project is a big task; makers of authoring software try to make it easy by using Graphical Icons as the control features of the authoring package program. The main features of Icon based programs are: (i) Icon-based programs are easier to learn than scripting programs: (ii) Editing individual elements in a presentation requires only clicking on its icon Icon-based authoring programs are object oriented development programs where individual multimedia elements are represented by icons rather than script commands. This tends to be the fastest (in development time) authoring style. Such programs are best suited for rapid prototyping and short-development time projects. Many of these tools are also optimized for developing Computer-Based Training (CBT). The core of such programs are the Icon Palette, containing the possible functions/interactions of a program, and the Flow Line, which shows the actual links between the icons. These programs tend to be the slowest at runtime, because each interaction carries with it all of its possible permutations. However, the higher end packages, such as Author ware or IconAuthor, are extremely powerful and suffer least from runtime speed problems. 4 DLLs for Extending Features Advanced authoring programs can call on special features included in the windows Dynamic Linking Libraries (DLLs). Many add-on boards and peripheral devices include specialized DLLs upon installation. They can be called on for special functions that may not be available in the authoring software program. Specialized programming languages such as C++ allow users to create their own DLLs for enhanced functions. .5 Supporting CD-ROM or Laser Disc Sources Storing arrays of audio and video on hardware is often not practical to get the quality and speed as might be desired. Authoring software allows full control of CD-drives to integrate audio, video and computer files. Authoring programs support direct control of CD-ROM drives, video sources. This is Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 21

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provided through the MCI command language. Multimedia presentations that depend on large amounts of sound or video clips require excessive amounts of hard disk space. The presentation system can be configured by having a CD-ROM drive as the sound source and a laserdisc or DVD player as a video source. Both the pieces of hardware are controlled by the authoring software in a seamless manner. 6 Supporting Video for Windows Video stored on hard disk is sometimes the right media for your project. Authoring software has the capability to support most multimedia elements like video for windows. The latest version of Author ware Professional from Macromedia permits the loading of video clips from video for windows and animation clips from Autodesk. 7 Hypertext Words can be made into buttons that will take you to cross-reference in a program. Hypertext capabilities can be used to link graphics, some animation and of course other text. Hypertext programming interfaces allows users to select individual Hot Words ' on a screen, which are then linked to additional pages and layers of text. The help system of windows is an example of hypertext. Hypertext systems are useful when presenting and referencing large amounts of textual information. Some hypertext authoring programs provide graphical links for animation, sound and video as well as text. 8 Cross-Platform Capability Authoring software can even package a multimedia project to play on other computer types with appropriate planning. This works successfully to broaden your potential audience. An important consideration with authoring programs is their capability to be altered for presentations on Macintosh or other hardware platforms. Some authoring programs are available on several platforms and provide tools for transforming and converting files and programs from one to the other. Care should be taken when considering cross-platform development because of significant performance differences in hardware peripherals and devices. 9 Run-time Player for Distribution Run-time software is often included in authoring software to explain the distribution of your final product by packaging playback software with your content. Advanced authoring programs provide specialized packaging and run-time distribution for use with devices such as CD-ROMs. Care must be taken when using run-time players for advanced authoring systems that all specialized DLLs, run-time modules for other programs and non-system fonts used in the presentation are packaged together when the final product is distributed. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 22

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5.B How to set up multimedia system configuration

In a communications or computer system, an arrangement of functional units according to their nature, number, and chief characteristics. Note 1: Configuration pertains to hardware, software, firmware addresses of hardware devices. Special configuration management software is available. When a system needs a hardware or software upgrade, a computer technician can accesses the configuration management

Intel core2quad 3.0 GHZ Processor Intel extreme DP45FP Mother Board 4GB DDR-3 Ram (extend upto 8 gb) 500 GB Sata Harddrive NVidia GeForce 9800GT 512 mb DDR-3 Graphics card Assus Portable DVD Writer (USB Connector ) I Ball Workhorse Cabinet Logitech Wireless Keyboard and wirless mouse + 8 Rechargable AA Size battery and rechrgable unit. SAMSUNG SyncMaster 2033sw (15000:1) 20" Monitor

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Can your system handle streaming media? Consult the chart below to find out if your system setup is capable of displaying our streaming media feeds. Please note that this is only a cursory test of your system and should be used only as a first step in determining what you'll need to watch our streaming media Item

Status

Browser

Netscape

Windows Media Player

Unknown due to browser.

Macromedia Flash

Installed!

System

Win32

Resolution/Color

1440 x 900 32 bit color.

Java Applets

Installed!

Connection Speed

204 kb/sec. High speed!

Your system seems ready for streaming media! Please close this window and proceed to view the movie by clicking on the appropriate link.

6.A

i. What is multimedia hardware? ii. Explain the role of internet tools for World Wide Web

6.A i. What is multimedia hardware?

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6.A ii. Explain the role of internet tools for World Wide Web

Role of internet tools for World Wide Web The Internet is one of the main infrastructures through which the "information age" can become a reality. The Internet is still used primarily for information display and retrieval

In computing, networking is generally a sophisticated activity that requires technical knowledge and the right network tools. The use of network tools are generally useful for many individuals and businesses. They can be used in a wireless network and a computer network. Examples of the different types of network tools are network management tools, network security tools, network backup tools, and network monitoring tools. DNS Query the Domain Name System (DNS) to translate a domain name into an IP address IP Address Find out who an IP address belongs to, convert IP address to DNS hostname, find the location of an IPv4 or IPv6 address on a map. Includes unix tools like ping, traceroute, nslookup, dig and others Ping Send a packet to a host on the Internet and see if it answers back

Web Site Information Get information about any web site, like how popular it is Web Developers Tools for web developers

ConvertIon softwares Convert from one thing to another

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Networks, Servers, and Communication devices A complete set of network management tools includes security backup tools and monitoring tools. These tools are often helpful in monitoring the performance of a network, such as its connections, and server uptimes and downtimes. They are also important in analyzing and reporting the activities going on in the network. This set of tools usually includes a user interface that allows management of one's network remotely via the Internet, a desktop client from another computer, or from a mobile device.

One of the most important areas in network management is security. The main objectives of network security tools are to maintain network integrity and prevent malicious attacks on servers and systems within the network. These network tools usually do this by checking the vulnerability of the network connections and servers. They usually scan data that goes in and out of the network and capture anything that raises alarms. Often, these tools are installed first before the network goes live to minimize the risk of malicious activities.

Browser: Microsoft's Internet Explorer, * Opera: Mozilla's Firefox: Mac Safari: HTML: family: Extensible Markup Language (XML) XSL, or Extensible Stylesheet Language, Dynamic HTML (DHTML) XHTML (eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language) Plugins: Flash PDF activX As usual basic elements of multimedia Text Image Audio Video Animation oriented files Internet: The Internet is the actual network of networks where all the information resides. Things like Telnet, FTP, Internet gaming, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), and e-mail are all part of the Internet, www = Stands for "World Wide Web." It is a associate of internet. It resides over internet Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 33

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Browser: is the program people use to access the World Wide Web. It interprets HTML code including text, images, hypertext links, Javascript, and Java applets. After rendering the HTML code, the browser displays a nicely formatted page. Some common browsers are Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Communicator, and Apple Safari. Web site is a collection of Web pages. For example, Amazon.com is a Web site, but there are millions of Web pages that make up the site. Web page: A Web page is an individual HTML document. Building block of website. These documents are written in HTML (hypertext markup language) and are translated by your Web browser. Web pages can either be static or dynamic. Static pages show the same content each time they are viewed. Dynamic pages have content that can change each time they are accessed. These pages are typically written in scripting languages such as PHP, Perl, ASP, or JSP. HTML: Developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990, HTML is short for HyperText Markup Language and is a language used to create electronic documents, especially pages on the World Wide Web, that contain connections called hyperlinks to other pages. Every web page you see on the Internet, including this one contains HTML code that helps format and show text and images in an easy to read format. Below is an example of a basic web page in HTML code. DHTML: Dynamic HTML or DHTML refers to a dynamically generated web page that reacts to user input without sending requests to the web server. DHTML is accomplished using client-side scripting such as JavaScript, CSS, and server-side languages such as Perl and PHP in conjunction with static HTML. A good example of a DHTML page is the Computer Hope system information script, which uses JavaScript to collect information from the browser, in this case XML (eXtensible Markup Language) and play rich media files created in such programs as Adobe’s Flash, or Apple’s QuickTime content: Another term used to describe the data or text within an e-mail, web page, or other file. Although this often refers to text, content can also refer to pictures, video, or anything else within the viewable page or file. Hyperlink: A hyperlink is a word, phrase, or image that you can click on to jump to a new document or a new section within the current document. Hyperlinks are found in nearly all Web pages, allowing users to click their way from page to page. Text hyperlinks are often Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 34

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blue and underlined, but don't have to be. When you move the cursor over a hyperlink, whether it is text or an image, the arrow should change to a small hand pointing at the link. When you click it, a new page or place in the current page will open. Hyperlinks, often referred to as just "links," are common in Web pages, but can be found in other hypertext documents. These include certain encyclopedias, glossaries, dictionaries, and other references that use hyperlinks. The links act the same way as they do on the Web, allowing the user to jump from page to page. Basically, hyperlinks allow people to browse information at hyperspeed. Hypertext: Hypertext is text that links to other information. By clicking on a link in a hypertext document, a user can quickly jump to different content. Though hypertext is usually associated with Web pages, the technology has been around since the 1960s. Software programs that include dictionaries and encyclopedias have long used hypertext in their definitions so that readers can quickly find out more about specific words or topics. Apple Computer's HyperCard program also used hypertext, which allowed users to create multi-linked databases. Today, the Web is where hypertext reigns, where nearly every page includes links to other pages and both text and images can be used as links to more content. hypermedia: Hypermedia is an extension of hypertext that allows images, movies, and Flash animations to be linked to other content.

6.B

explain briefly about the windows platforms that supports multimedia

Windows XP is the most suitable OS (platform) among all the platforms 1. XP = eXPeriencing 2. through XP we can experience a good multimedia 3. Windows XP was the first version of Windows targeted at home users to be built on a Windows NT architecture. 4. It was designed to be equally suited for home use, with a focus on gaming and entertainment, and business. 5. There were several versions--Professional, Home and 64-Bit--released in 2001. Windows XP Media Center and Tablet PC editions were released in 2002. The system was eventually superseded by Windows Vista, but there were a number of Service Packs released for Windows XP since its release.

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windows xp Editions * Features * Service Packs * Interface * System Requirements * Support * Criticisms Editions 1. 2. 3. 4.

Windows XP was produced in four editions. The Home Edition was designed for personal home use and average users. The Professional Edition is meant for professionals and advanced users. The Professional Edition of Windows XP has additional features enabled that are not active in the Home Edition. 5. The Media Center Edition is much like the Home Edition, but with an emphasis on media, such as video and other digital media. 6. The Professional x64 Edition was designed for computers that use 64-bit processors.

Features 1. 2. 3. 4.

Windows XP has many features that are popular with personal computer users. Music and video can be played using Windows Media Player. Videos and home movies can be edited and produced with Windows Movie Maker. Windows XP also includes applications for use with digital photos.

Service Packs 1. A service pack is a major system update, providing the operating system with new features as well as fixing any bugs or glitches that have been discovered. 2. Presently there are three service packs for Windows XP, and no more are planned. 3. Microsoft has released three service packs for Windows XP that contain updates and additions to the operating system. 4. Service Pack 1 was released in 2002. It contained security fixes and updates. 5. Service Pack 1 enabled support for USB 2.0 devices and support for an expanded array of hard drives. 6. Service Pack 2 was released in 2004. Service Pack 2 provided expanded wireless network support and many security updates. 7. Microsoft released updated versions of Service Pack 2 in 2006 and 2007. 8. Service Pack 3 was released in 2008. It contained many new security features and updates.

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Interface 1. Like previous versions of Windows, Windows XP uses a graphical user interface, or GUI. The interface for Windows XP was enhanced from previous versions of the Windows operating system. 2. Windows XP allows users to choose between various themes that change the style and color of the interface. 3. Taskbar buttons can be grouped together for multiple instances of the same application. 4. Windows XP displays shadows under menus to create a 3-D effect.

System Requirements 1. In order for a computer to be able to run the Windows XP operating system, the minimum processor speed is 233 Megahertz (MHz). 2. Microsoft recommends a processor speed of at least 300 Megahertz for optimal performance. 3. 64 Megabytes (MB) of RAM are required. 4. Microsoft recommends 128 MB of RAM. 5. The minimum screen resolution supported is 800 x 600 pixels, also known as Super VGA. 6. The hard disk must have at least 1.5 Gigabytes (GB) of free space. 7. A CD-ROM or DVD drive is required to install Windows XP. Support 1. As Windows XP is no longer Microsoft's most current operating system, it is only provided with limited support from Microsoft. 2. Microsoft no longer supports Windows XP with no service packs installed 3. As of April 2014, Microsoft will no longer update any version of Windows XP or provide any security patches or fixes. Criticisms 1. A major criticism of Windows XP comes when dealing with security. 2. Windows XP is vulnerable to viruses, spyware, malware and other kinds of malicious software. 3. Periodically Microsoft will update XP to fix any security vulnerabilities, but more viruses are written for Windows operating systems every day. 4. This is why it is so important to have anti-virus software installed on your computer if you plan on accessing the Internet. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 37

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7.A

i. What is the use of video? ii. Explain digital video with digital architecture.

7.A i. What is the use of video? The term video ("video" meaning "I see", from the Latin verb "videre") commonly refers to several storage formats for moving pictures: digital video formats, including Blu-ray Disc, DVD, QuickTime (QT), and MPEG-4; and analog videotapes, including VHS and Betamax. 2. Video can be recorded and transmitted in various physical media: in magnetic tape when recorded as PAL or NTSC electric signals by video cameras, or in MPEG-4 or DV digital media when recorded by digital cameras. 3. Quality of video essentially depends on the capturing method and storage used. Digital television (DTV) is a relatively recent format with higher quality than earlier television formats and has become a standard for television video. The Top Ten Countdown The Top Ten covers what we believe are particularly innovative applications of digital video in terms of increasing levels of student participation and (inter)activity. It will be clear there is considerable technical overlap between the various categories, and the distinction is based on pedagogical aim

10 – online video lectures and tutorials 9 - experts video presentation on particular topics 8 - Animated videos helps a lot for better understanding 7 - Instructional 'how to videos' of a practical activity 6 – videos Interviewing an expert 5 - Video blogs 4 - Video case studies/simulations/role plays 3 - Videoing real events 2 - video Presentation/performance skills and feedback 1 – Brilliant students create their own videos, if they have any special talent. Ex: better example is myself, I have a talent of singing and I have already created 39 videos sung by me and uploaded to youtube, if you wish you can check them on http://www.youtube.com/user/sureshsalgundi Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 38

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7.A ii. Explain digital video with digital architecture. digital video with digital architecture. 1. Digitized video is one of the many technologies used in the development of interactive multimedia.

2.

It is one of the ways to play back and record video in multimedia program.

3.

It offers a wide range of flexibility as compared to standard video signal.

4.

Unlike regular video, quality of image would not degrade from copy to copy as digital video is made up of a digital code and not an electrical analog signal.

5.

However, the final output depends on how the video images are converted to digital form during the development phase.

6.

Video signal comes from an external source such as TV or VCR or camera to the video-digitiser-card inside the system.

7.

Some systems use a digitizer card, which has dual function for both audio and video conversion. The process of Converting analog video signal to digital format is called 'sampling'.

8.

Using this Process, the converter card in the system converts the analog video signals into digital data streams so that these signals can be stored in the binary

9.

data structure format of 1s and 0s. The digital data file is then compressed to a considerable amount using some compression program.

10. During this process the digitiser fuses the digital video into a digital movie format and saves all the sections of the compressed movie in the hard disk.

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11. Once the conversion and compression process is complete, the file can be played back on the computer screen.

12. These digitised files can also be edited according to requirement using various video editing software.

13. However, you may find that the video if used as full screen video may be jerky in certain machines. 14. The main reason for this is that to present a moving picture, we have to store and process enormous amount of data, as we need to show 30 frames of continuous pictures per second considering one frame itself requires lot of data a moving picture requires 30 times of it per second. 15. However, standards such as Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) have specified compression standards, which have enabled a full screen video. 16. MPEG compression only records the key frames and tries to predict the remaining frames from this key frame by comparing the changes of missing frames from key frames. 17. Another technology, which is using this kind of compression, is video conferencing. 18. ".AVI" files in windows basically contains interleaved data for audio/video. This compressed data can be decompressed and passed through a digital to analog converter to produce the video. 19. These components of a multimedia system are integrated after they have been stored digitally by using Authoring software, which provide the necessary interactivity in the overall mix of information. Conclusion A digital video architecture is made up of an algorithm for compressing and encoding video and audio, a container in which to put the compressed data, and a player that can recognize and play back those files. Common containers for video are Ogg (.ogg, Theora for video, Vorbis for audio), Flash Video (.flv), MPEG (.mp4), QuickTime (.mov), Windows Media Format (.wmv), WebM (.webm), and RealMedia (.rm). Containers may include data compressed by a choice of codecs, and media players may recognize and play back more than one video file container format. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 40

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7.B

briefly explain the process involved in multimedia project planning and costing

Planning and Costing : This stage of multimedia application is the first stage which begins with an idea or need. This idea can be further refined by outlining its messages and objectives. Before starting to develop the multimedia project, it is necessary to plan what writing skills, graphic art, music, video and other multimedia expertise will be required. It is also necessary to estimate the time needed to prepare all elements of multimedia and prepare a budget accordingly. After preparing a budget, a Prototype(sample) or proof of concept can be developed. 1. planning Group Members Seo Chai Yong Lee Siew Ling Ji Tian Hui 2. Planning o Planning and costing is one stage of a multimedia project o Proper project planning is a important as planning the layout and content. o Before start to render graphics, sounds, and other components, the plans should be in place which to ensure that the necessary skills and resources are available 3. Process Of Making Multimedia o Idea analysis o Pre-testing o Task planning o Development o Delivery 4. Planning & Costing Program Goals Outline Logic Flow Chart Storyboard

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Don’t mug up the answers, try to invest the same time in understanding the answer…..SUN 5. Making Multimedia o There have four development phases of making multimedia which are: § Discovery Phase § Design Phase § Prototype Phase § Production Phase 6. Importance of Planning o To avoid misinterpretation in development multimedia project because o Provide guidance for bug fixes and update 7. Essentials of Good Planning o Personnel § Multimedia Team o Process management § System Development Lifecycle o Documentation o Product evaluation 8. Program Goals into Storyboard Program Goals Outline Logic Flow Chart Storyboard Program script or concept Plan User interface Prepare Scripts for narrations, text, video Consider Copyrights Music, audio, video production planning Prepare project time lines and budget 9. Process Management o Use the System Development Lifecycle o There have many type of System Development life cycle which are waterfall, prototyping, spiral, linear and incremental 10. Waterfall Development Method 11. Documentation o There have four parts of the documentation for the multimedia project which are o a) Requirement document o Overall product blueprint o State that what is to be done and not how the project has been done o b) Flow charts o Logical progression through the product o Navigation 12. o c) Storyboard o Tasks, objects, events and contents of the product o Scene-by-scene o d) Test documentation o How, what and who to test the documentation 13. Flowchart o A graphical ‘sketch’ of o the presentation and o the possible paths the user can take Menu Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Exit 14. Logic Flow Opening Animation & Audio Main Menu View Bio Albums Play Video Website & FAQ Biography Discography Video Resources Exit Info & Audio Credits End 15. Storyboard A graphical representation Of the user screen layout 16. Storyboard Main Menu Menu Items Picture Albums Menu Menu Items (Pictures) Album Info Text Picture Biography Text Pictures Video Video Website & FAQ Text Credits Text Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 42

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You can further furnish this answer by reading 9th chapter’s summary of tay vaughan’s 8th edition text book. Below is the exact page which you are supposed to read, if you wanna have complete book you can get in on my blog: www.sureshskoppal.blogspot.com

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8.

write a short notes on i. midi interface cards ii. scanner and scanning techniques iii. categories of multimedia iv. making instant multimedia

Wednesday, October 05, 2011, koppal 8:59 PM 8.i. midi interface cards Wednesday, October 05, 2011, koppal 8:59 PM MIDI, developed in 1983, stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface and allows electronic musical instruments to interact with each other, according to the MIDI World website. MIDI helps instruments communicate with each other similar to the way in which computers communicate through modems.

MIDI (musical instrument digital interface) is term we often find associated to music recording. Everyone has heard music that has come from a MIDI file. All those twinkly, low quality tracks that are built-in to your computer's sound card are MIDI files but MIDI is also used to create fantastic, professional sounding music tracks despite not being audio at all. MIDI does not contain any sound whatsoever, it isn't music and it isn't a digital audio format such as MP3 or WAV. It stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface and is basically just data. MIDI is simply instructions, a pure data file which contains a list of events or messages for another electronic device such as a virtual studio technology instrument (VSTi), sound card or cell phone. These MIDI files tell the electronic advice exactly how to create the sound required. Some of the advantages of MIDI technology include: Compactness - you can fit hours of your music on a single CD in MIDI format Efficient - as MIDI files are very small almost any computer can handle MIDI technology Powerful - from single instruments to a whole orchestra, you can create the music you desire with ease Versatile - with one simple click you can change the tempo, key or instrument of choice

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Answer 2

1 MIDI, or Musical Instrument Digital Interface, is the most common way to record music on a computer. MIDI allows you to change effects on instruments at will no differently than highlighting a piece of text and changing the font. MIDI is core to the computer-recording revolution. 2.

is the standard electronic language 'spoken' between electronic instruments and the computerized devices which control them during performances.

Before the development of the MIDI system, professional keyboardists would often need to set up towering banks of synthesizers, pianos, organs and other electronics in order to perform live. They would go from instrument to instrument in order to produce the necessary sounds. With the introduction of MIDI, these same musicians could connect all of the peripheral keyboards together with 5-pin DIN cables and control them all through one master keyboard. A synthesizer set for background strings, for example, could 'teach' another keyboard how to generate that sound through a MIDI connection.

MIDI technology is not restricted to musical synthesizers, however. It is not unusual to find other stage equipment, such as lighting banks, under the control of MIDI-compatible computers. Each light may be assigned a specific MIDI channel and turned on or off according to a master program. MIDI programs may also control effects pedals for guitarists or pre-recorded sequences to supplement the sound onstage.

MIDI files do not actually record the sound of the keyboard instrument, but rather record instructions on how to recreate that sound elsewhere. For instance, a keyboardist might play Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata on a MIDI-compatible synthesizer connected to a computer. The MIDI file would change each note into a series of 1s and 0s, similar to binary code language. The MIDI coding incorporates other aspects of the performance besides notes, including dynamics, note-bending and changes in key pressure.

If someone wanted to play that recorded version of the Moonlight Sonata on a different computer, the MIDI file would play exactly what the original keyboardist played on the original instrument. The sound reproduction qualities of the computer itself may present a Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 45

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problem. The computer's sound generation card might render a very weak-sounding version of the MIDI file, with some unpleasant electronic noises. Modern computers with advanced sound cards have eliminated many of these reproduction problems, but many people still associate MIDI files with a less-than-spectacular performance.

Because MIDI files are relatively small and easy to produce, they have become very popular for use on websites, video game programs and MIDI-compatible cellular phones. The ring tones on many cell phones are actually MIDI files which reproduce the original tunes using the phone's own sound card. 8.ii. scanner and scanning techniques One of the most useful inventions to come along with the computer age is the scanner. Unlike a photocopier which simply makes a copy of an article, a scanner allows you to preserve a digital image of just about anything you can fit on a scanner bed. Scanning Techniques: 1. Choosing a Scanner and Software 2. Start Off Right 3. Learn to select proper format (jpeg, pdf etc) in menu 4. Check Settings (color, pixels, brightness, size, orientation etc) 5. Preview and Scanning a Photo 6. Post processes (check the location to save etc) Here are a few things you can do with a scanner. Copying Documents - You can turn a good flatbed scanner into a copying machine by scanning in those receipts and other important documents and then use your printer to have a copy or just keep a digital copy. The best thing about this is that you could use software to improve the documents, if you need to take out a grease smudge. Other things a scanner can do is copy a quick recipe out of Grandmas old recipe book, or a page from a magazine that shows the instructions for a new at-home project you have been wanting to do. Maybe there are some old documents in the family that you would like to have a copy of for yourself, those can be added to the computer files just as any other document. Scanning Photos For Printing - Photographs are nice especially if you are a professional photographer, but you could use the photos for websites to display your latest DIY project. The images could be used for desktop wallpaper or sending to friends and family through email. Because they are digitized you can use computer software to edit them, and make interesting images on top of the first.

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Here is something else you could do with a scanner and software. Using the edit feature you can enlarge your projects on the computer screen and then print out only that part. This allows you to make a full-sized pattern of anything you wish, turn around and use it to trace the object on plywood. Once you are done, cut out life-sized reindeer, cows, antique cars, you name it. Faxing Documents - You can Fax a document that is already in your computer, but if that document is on a sheet of paper, you have a problem. A scanner can scan it in, then you can send it out by using the fax driver. When you have long distance relatives, and you find something in a magazine that they need to see, put the magazine in the scanner and then from the computer send them the information. OCR - Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software is used to convert images to readable text. Once they are converted you can use a word processor to make the changes that are required. OCR software usually comes with the scanner. There always seems to be a need to try getting a hard copy of some document or picture into the computer files, and a scanner is the only way to achieve that. Having a good scanner could really improve your home or office by allowing you to copy, organize and save important files and photos on your computer. Answer 2 An electronic device that generates a digital representation of an image for data input to a computer A scanner takes a picture placed on the scanner screen and digitizes the information in order to present it on the computer screen for manipulation. An image scanner is a device which scans pictures, text or objects and converts them to digital images. The basic types of image scanners are flatbed, hand, film and drum scanners. Flatbed scanners are what we call Xerox machines, in which an object or document is placed on a glass pane and an opaque cover is lowered over it. A sensor and light moves along the pane, reflecting off the image placed on the glass. The cover prevents other light from interfering and the image becomes visible to the detector. Once an image is scanned into an image scanner, the data must be processed and sent to a computer. Most scanners read red-green-blue color from the color array. The depth of color depends on the array characteristics, but is typically 24 bits at least. Higher quality models have a color depth of 48 bits or more. The pixels per inch measures the resolution of the image. There are three main types of image scanners. These are hand scanners, film scanners and drum scanners. A hand image scanner comes in document or 3D forms. These are used to be manually moved across an object or image to be scanned Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 47

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Basic Scanning Techniques Choosing a Scanner and Software As few as five years ago, you had to spend some serious money to get a capable scanner--at least $500. In the last few years this has changed dramatically. Now, even a cheap $100 scanner is capable of capturing an amazing amount of information, rivalling what a $500 or even $1,000 scanner can do. If used properly, that is. To scan these photos I'm using a nearly two-year-old Epson Perfection 1670 flatbed scanner. It's since been replaced by the 3490 model. It costs less than $100, but does a great job. I highly recommend using Hamrick Software's VueScan software to control the scanner. This software works with a wide variety of scanners from different manufacturers but, more importantly, it lets a novice make a great scan and lets an expert pull every last ounce of detail out of a photo. It's easy to use, too. Even though I'm demonstrating with this software, any of these tips can be used in other scanning software (though options may be in different locations and named differently). Start Off Right The biggest hurdle you'll need to overcome to get a good scan is that of size and numbers. You're going to create monstrously large files. 100, 300, even 500 MB is possible. Yes, that large. Yes, you need to do it this way. It's pretty simple, really: you want to capture all the detail there is, and that makes a big file. Don't worry, though, after you've scanned and made some basic adjustments you can resample the image down to a more reasonable size. The two photos below compare the "good" way (high-resolution, 16-bit scan) and the "bad" way (low-resolution, 8-bit scan). The "good" photo has been resampled to a lower-resolution and 8-bit, so in the end they're both the same file size--but it's still easy to tell which is which. Neither of these photos have received any sharpening. Compare the sharpness of the eyes, lips, hair and sweater cuffs--the "good" scan is clearly sharper. The spikes in the "bad" photo's histogram indicate data compression--something else that destroys difference and detail. Keep reading for more on histograms. Learn to Read a Histogram The histogram is a simple-to-use tool if you know how to read it. The histogram shows you what the photo is made up of. On the far right is pure white (RGB values 255, 255, 255) and on the far left is pure black (RGB values 0, 0, 0). Everything in between is the midtones, quartertones, highlights and shadows. The other important thing to know is that a histogram is what it is: it's not necessarily good or bad, it's just showing you the data. From the histogram at the right we can tell that it's a brighter picture because most of the data is on the right. We can also tell that there aren't many (any?) pure blacks (RGB 0, 0, 0) but there are pure ("clipped") whites (RGB 0, 0, 0).

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Furthering the histogram reading, you want your scans and histograms to come as close as possible to each end. This has the effect of maximizing contrast and creating a good scan. If the histogram is scrunched up, you'll have low contrast and create posterization (tonal gaps) when you try to correct it. It's easier to show than explain, though: The above two images show a good scan and histogram and a bad scan and histogram. It's easy to see how they differ, and it's obvious which one is better. Can the bad scan be fixed in Photoshop? Sure, but the fixed copy won't be as good as a good scan. The below images compare the original good scan to the fixed bad scan. The photo looks pretty similar, but study the histogram. All the gaps between levels is posterization--jumps in tone. There is no detail there, no difference from one pixel to the next. With all those gaps, a lot of detail had to be lost. Why throw all that data away? Just scan it right the first time and you've captured all the detail! In the end, a good scan is measured by the histogram, not how the photo looks. Scanning a Photo Unfortunately, getting a good scan isn't as simple as just pushing a button. (But if you've read this far, you know that!) A lot of work needs to go into it if you want to see a good result. Default Settings Every scan should start with the same settings: • Always scan in color. When the intent is to capture everything in the photo you need to scan in color, never grayscale. In my case, the photos are all black and white, but they've yellowed over the years. I don't know exactly how the yellowing might be interpreted if I ask the scanner to do a grayscale scan--it's almost definitely going to skew the scan a bit. I can always convert to grayscale later, after I've decided exactly what it should look like. • Use the highest optical resolution your scanner offers. Scanning at the highest resolution always results in a sharper scan than a lower-resolution setting. If you want the resultant file to be a lower resolution, scan at the high-res setting and resample down to a smaller size with your image-editing software. • Scan at 48 or 64 bits per pixel. A 48/64-bit scan offers about 16,000 levels of tone; a 24-bit scan offers 256. All that extra information will go a long way towards eliminating pasteurization.

Preparation Keep fingerprints and other gunk off the photo: use gloves to handle them. Clean the glass bed of the scanner.

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Scan! Preview the scan. Evaluating how the photo needs to be scanned is the most difficult part. Before evaluating, I reset several of VueScan's settings: color balance to White Balance, black point to 0, white point to 0 and brightness to 0. Always correct the biggest problem first. If the biggest problem is that the color balance is off, I try a setting other than White Balance first. If the whole photo is too dark or light, I adjust brightness first. Correcting the largest problem first will make it easier to focus on the smaller problems (black and white point in the histogram). That said, VueScan usually gets the color balance and brightness right--I can usually just jump over to the black and white point adjustments. Black and white point adjustments are quite easy: using the histogram as a guide, adjust black and white so that they're close to the endpoints of the histogram. Be sure to also compare the histogram to what you actually see in the photo, too. Often, blacks are easy to set. Running my mouse over the photo, VueScan shows me the RGB values of the selected area. Usually, the blackest black is just a deep, deep shadow with some variation. I don't want this area to be pure black (RGB 0, 0, 0), but close. White is slightly more difficult because of specular highlights. Specular highlights are areas of pure white, where no information exists (RGB values 255, 255, 255). The histogram will show a sharp spike on the far right-hand side to indicate this. No matter how much you adjust the white point, there will still be nothing but pure white there. Specular highlights are not a bad thing, and are going to be found in many photos. The trick is to recognize that you can't affect them, and to get the highlight detail (near-whites) as close to pure white as you can without blowing them out to RGB 255, 255, 255. VueScan offers Restore Colors and Restore Fading filters. They are both "on or off" options, with no adjustments. I don't use either of them. They're a bit too harsh, in my opinion. I can do better in Photoshop, though not as quickly as this option can. Scan. Post-Processing I'll open the scan in Photoshop and have a look at it to ensure it came out how I wanted. I often have to straighten the scan, though that's easy. If any basic curves or levels adjustments are necessary, I make them now. If the file is exceptionally large (300+ MB or so) I'll consider resampling the image to a lower resolution. I usually only do this if I've scanned an 8 × 10-inch print. I can't offer any specific recommendation on what to resize to, except that by resizing you're throwing away a significant amount of data. I would never resize to below 1800 × 1200 pixels, which is enough for a 4 × 6-inch print.

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To save disk space, I convert the scans from 16-bit to 8-bit mode. 16-bit mode has helped me get a good scan, but now that I have a good scan, the benefit of the extra data is greatly reduced: I'm not likely to make a large levels adjustment and introduce posterization, so I don't really need the 16-bit data anymore; 8-bit is more than enough for the minor adjustments I'll make. This basically cuts the file size in half. This should be the last step before saving.

I always save files in the TIFF format, never JPEG. The JPEG format saves files with a "lossy" compression, which means it throws data away to save space. After going through all this work to get a good scan full of good data, throwing it away sounds like a dumb move to me. The TIFF format offers lossless compression (ZIP or LZW) or no compression options, maintaining all that detail in the scan.

Conclusion And there you have it, basic scanning techniques to get you a good scan. If you've read through but still aren't convinced, I'll refer you back to the comparison of the "good" and "bad" scans!

8.iii. categories of multimedia Categories of media: • Static: sthagitha – photo – text- graphics • Continuous: chalitha – video, audio, animation • Dr. Albert Mehrabian, a specialist in interpersonal communication recall 20% of what they see. * 40% of what they see & hear * 70% of what they see, hear & do suresh: as per my personal experience in terms of news we under 40% newspaper * 80% radio news * 100% tv news

Categories of multimedia Static or non interactive: it is a one way communication where user don’t have control over the multimedia. Linear or static; television" is essentially "linear multimedia" there is no ability for the end user to control Dynamic or interactive : it is two way communication where user have have control over multimedia. In interactive multimedia, the user or operator is able to interact with the computer directly, (Eg: computer games, ppt presentations or interactive Cd's , DVD menu etc..) Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 51

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8.iv. making instant multimedia Instant: A very short time If you visit my orkut profile “suresh s koppal (kabhi alvida na kehna), you can see my photo in a new york street, watched by so many people, or else if you see visits you friends profile you might see, your friends photo carried by foreigners so on: these are just glimpse of instant multimedia There are so many online instant multimedia softwares available on internet, they just take 1% information from us that information may be our picture, or voice etc and converts them to virtual multimedia product of file. Below given answer might confuse you, infact its trying to understand the above given Para in a technical manner that’s it, read twice or thrice you understand the answer 21.3 Real Time Process A real-time process is a process which delivers the results of the processing in a given time-span. Programs for the processing of data must be available during the entire run-time of the system. The data may require processing at a prior known point in time, or it may be demanded without any previous knowledge. The system must enforce externally-defined time constraints. Internal dependencies and their related time limits are implicitly considered. External events occur – deterministically (at a predetermined instant) or stochastically (randomly). The real-time system has the permanent task of receiving information from the environment, occurring spontaneously or in periodic time intervals, and/or delivering it to the environment given certain time constraints. 21.3.1 Characteristics of Real Time Systems The necessity of deterministic and predictable behavior of real-time systems requires processing guarantees for time-critical tasks. Such guarantees cannot be assured for events that occur at random intervals with unknown arrival times, processing requirements or deadlines. J Predictably fast response to time-critical events and accurate timing information J A high degree of schedulability. Schedulability refers to the degree of resource utilization at which, or below which, the deadline of each time-critical task can be taken into account. J Stability under transient overload. Under system overload, the processing of critical tasks must be ensured.

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21.3.2 Real Time and Multimedia Audio and video data streams consist of single, periodically changing values of continuous media data, e.g., audio samples or video frames. Each Logical Data Unit (LDU) must be presented by a well-determined deadline. Jitter is only allowed before the final presentation to the user. A piece of music, for example, must be played back at a constant speed. To fulfill the timing requirements of continuous media, the operating system must use real-time scheduling techniques. These techniques must be applied to all system resources involved in the continuous media data processing, i.e., the entire end-to-end data path is involved. The real-time requirements of traditional real-time scheduling techniques (used for command and control systems in application areas such as factory automation or aircraft piloting) have a high demand for security and fault-tolerance. J The fault-tolerance requirements of multimedia systems are usually less strict than those of real-time systems that have a direct physical impact. The short time failure of a continuous media system will not directly lead to the destruction of technical equipment or constitute a threat to human life. Please note that this is a general statement which does not always apply. For example, the support of remove surgery by video and audio has stringent delay and correctness requirements. J For many multimedia system applications, missing a deadline is not a severe J A sequence of digital continuous media data is the result of periodically sampling a sound or image signal. Hence, in processing the data units of such a data sequence, all time-critical operations are periodic. J The bandwidth demand of continuous media is not always that stringent; it must not be a priori fixed, but it may eventually be lowered. As some compression algorithms are capable of using different compression ratios – leading to different qualities – the required bandwidth can be negotiated. If not enough bandwidth is available for full quality, the application may also accept reduced quality (instead of no service at all).

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1.A i. What is multimedia? ii. Explain various applications of multimedia.

Repeated in

2006.1.B

i. What is multimedia? Multimedia : Any visual representation that has a combination of audio, video, animation, or graphics. Multimedia is often much more enjoyable and informative than text. Or else a transmission of Information that can be represented through a variety of media. Or integration of media

Multi = Plural, more than 1, many Media = Medium of communication Major communication medias: TEXT The main body of a written word Text: various types of fonts, devanagari, italic, bold, how to format, how to animate, style SOUND Something that you can hear or that can be heard the activity of recording and broadcasting sound such as from a performance of music or for a film the volume or quality of the sound of a television or film Sound: is harsh, whistle > dog bark Audio: profession, polite, melody IMAGES : A visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface Picture (static) – a photo scanned can be edited, or digital photo can be edited Graphic (dynamic)– 2d and 3d VIDEO Set of moving pictures and sound that has been made on a long narrow strip of magnetic material inside a rectangular plastic container, and which can be played on a special machine so that it can be watched on television, Video: a fighting scene without sound is comedy, so many formats

ANIMATION, The activity of giving life and energy to something It describes films, drawings, puppets (Sūtrada gombegaḷa )or models that are photographed and shown in a way that makes them move and appear to be alive Animation: movement of graphics, just like artificial life Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 55

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1.B Explain the different stages in multimedia making

Repeated in 2006.1.A.ii

2.A Write a note on multimedia skill set.

The diverse range of skills required for a project is called the multimedia skill set. Team building refers to activities that help a group and its members function at optimum levels. A team of skilled individuals is required to create a good multimedia project. Members of a Multimedia Team based on different skillset • A multimedia team consists of the following: • Project manager. • Multimedia designer (see example next). • Interface designer. • Writer. • Video specialist. • Audio specialist. • Multimedia programmer. • Producer for the Web. • Computer programmers. The project manager is responsible for: • The overall development, implementation, and day-to-day operations of the project. • The design and management of a project. • Understanding the strengths and limitations of hardware and software. • Ensuring people skills and organizational skills. • Conveying information between the team and the client. Multimedia designer - This team consists of: • Graphics designers, illustrators, animators, and image processing specialists who deal with visuals, thereby making the project appealing and aesthetic. • Instructional designers, who make sure that the subject matter is presented clearly for the target audience. • Interface designers, who devise the navigational pathways and content maps. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 56

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• Information designers, who structure content, determine user pathways and feedback, and select presentation media. An interface designer is responsible for: • Creating a software device that organizes content, allows users to access or modify content, and presents that content on the screen. • Building a user-friendly interface. • A multimedia writer is responsible for: • Creating characters, actions, point of view, and interactivity. • Writing proposals and test screens. • Scripting voice-overs and actors' narrations. A video specialist is responsible for: • The delivery of video files on CD, DVD, or the Web. • How to shoot quality video. • How to transfer the video footage to a computer. • How to edit the footage down to a final product using digital nonlinear editing system (NLE). • An audio specialist is responsible for: • Locating and selecting suitable music talent. • Scheduling recording sessions. • Digitizing and editing recorded material into computer files. Multimedia programmer is responsible for: • Multimedia programmer, also called a software engineer: • Integrates all the multimedia elements into a seamless project, using authoring systems or programming language. • Writes codes for the display of multimedia elements, and to control various peripheral devices. • Manages timings, transitions, and record keeping. • Multimedia producer for the Web: • Web site producers put together a coordinated set of pages for the Web. • They also co-ordinate updates and changes.

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2.B i. Write a note on Functionalities of sound card and ii. Draw a neat sketch of sound card, construction.

Repeated in

2006.3.A.i 2006.3.A.ii

3.A i. define text ii explain the use of text in multimedia with proper illustrations

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What is TEXT? • Basic media for many multimedia systems. • Texts in the form of words, sentences and paragraphs are used to communicate thoughts, ideas and facts in nearly every aspect of our lives. • Multimedia products depends on text for many things: o to explain how the application work. o to guide the user in navigating through the application. o Deliver the information for which the application was designed. What is types • Texts consists of two structures: * Linear * Non-Linear What is TEXT? o Linear • A single way to progress through the text, starting at the beginning and reading to the end. o Non-Linear • Information is represented in a semantic network in which multiple related sections of the text are connected to each other • A user may then browse through the sections of the text, jumping from one text section to another. Kancil Page Crocodile Case Page Belt Case Page Hungry Monkey Page • Factors affecting legibility of text: o Size. • The size of the text o Background and foreground color • The color in which the text is written in / on. o Style • Also known as typeface and font

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Leading • refers to the amount of added space between lines of type. • Originally, when type was set by hand for printing presses, printers placed slugs—strips of lead of various thicknesses—between lines of type to add space. • Text elements can be categories into: o Alphabet characters : A – Z o Numbers : 0 – 9 o Special characters: Punctuation [. , ; ‘ …] , Sign or Symbols [* & ^ % $ £ ! / ~ # @ .…] o Also known Character Sets • May also include special icon or drawing symbols , mathematical symbols , Greek Letter etc. Font VS Typefaces o Is there a difference? o How do we differentiate one with the other? Font • A ‘font’ is a collection of characters of a particular size and style belonging to a particular typeface family . • Usually vary by type sizes and styles. • The sizes are measured in points • This includes the letter set, the number set, and all of the special character and diacritical marks you get by pressing the shift, option, or command/control keys. Arial Fonts Typeface • A ‘typeface’ is a family of graphic characters that usually includes many type sizes and styles. • A typeface contains a series of fonts . For instance, Arial, Arial Black Arial Narrow and Arial Unicode MS are actually 4 fonts under the same family. Arial Typefaces Family Font and Typefaces • The technology of fonts and typefaces includes the following: o Font styles - boldface, italic, underline, outline o Font sizes - point, kerning, leading o Cases – uppercase, lowercase, intercept o Serif versus Sans Serif o

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3.A ii explain the use of text in multimedia with proper illustrations

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Font Effects • The technology of font effects in bringing viewer’s attention to content: o Case: UPPER and lower cased letter o Bold , Italic , Underline , superscript or subscript o Embossed or Shadow o Colours o Strikethrough

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Font Effects Example MENU The Story The Prison The Characters The Further Adventures Of Sang Kancil Kancil purposely let himself go to prison to save his cousin Pelanduk that has been wrongfully accused of murdering kura-kura using CO 2 . Kancil forged the buaya crossings event and stealing the precious rambutan across the river in order to be sentenced to a life in prison. The prison, a high security facility jungle prison located on no mans land is impossible to break into and a place for high profile criminals. Now that he is in, it’s up to his cunning skills and technical know how to find his cousin and help him to escape and prove his innocence.

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Text Characteristic FD xhp This example shows the Times New Roman font Descender The down stroke below the baseline of a character Capital Height Point size Ascender an upstroke on a character Serif x-Height p -Height Kerning of Text Av Tight tracking Loose tracking Unkerned Kerned • Kerning o space between pairs of characters, usually as an overlap for improvement appearance vA Leading of Text Reading Line One Reading Line Two Leading • Leading o spacing above and below a font or Line spacing Types of Fonts • Two classes of fonts o Serif o Sans Serif Serif Text • Decorative strokes added to the end of a letter's • Serifs improve readability by leading the eye along the line of type. • Serifs are the best suited for body text. • Serif faces are more difficult to read in small scale (smaller than 8pt) and in very large sizes.

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San Serif Text • Sans serif faces doesn't have decorative strokes. • A sans serif text has to be read letter by letter. • Use sans serif faces for small (smaller than 8pt) and very large sizes. • Used for footnotes and headlines Serif vs Sans Serif Fonts • For computer displays, Sans Serif fonts considered better because of the sharper contrast. San Serif Serif Types of Fonts: Examples o Times New Roman o Bookman o Rockwell Light o Courier New o Century Examples of Serif fonts o Century Gothic o Arial o Comic Sans MS o Impact o Tahoma Examples of San Serif fonts Using Text in Multimedia • The text elements used in multimedia are: o Menus for navigation o Interactive buttons o Fields for reading o HTML documents o Symbols and icons Using Text in Multimedia • Text applying guidelines: o Be concise o Use appropriate fonts o Make it readable o Consider type styles and colors o Use restraint and be consistent Font Editing and Design Tools • Text creating software: o ResEdit • Introduced by Apple Text to design text as a bitmap image. Font Editing and Design Tools o Photographer • Developed by Macromedia for Macintosh and Apple • Use to edit the existing font

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Freehand drawing tools is used to design a font. Text in Hypermedia Hypertext How Text Can Be Used Effectively • Communicating Data o Customer names and address o Pricing information of products How Text Can Be Used Effectively • Explaining concepts and ideas o A company mission statement o A comparison of medical procedures How Text Can Be Used Effectively • Clarifying other media o Labels on button, icons and screens o Captions and callouts for graphics •

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Advantages & Disadvantages Using Text • Advantages: o Is relatively inexpensive to produce o Present abstract ideas effectively o Clarifies other media o Provides confidentiality (password) o Is easily changed or updated Advantages & Disadvantages Using Text • Disadvantages: o less memory than other visual media o Requires more attention from the user than other media o Can be cumbersome – not elegant in expression Summary • Multimedia applications and presentations invariably rely to some extent on the use of text to convey their message to users. • Text has many characteristics that the developer can modify to enhance the user expression. o size, weight, typeface, style, colour, kerning, tracking, etc. • Just like any other media, it requires careful planning and creativity

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3.B i define sound and ii what is digital audio explain

3.B i define sound and

Sound something that you can hear or that can be heard Sound in multimedia In a Multimedia application text, images, animation can be greatly complimented by The use of sound. Sound is an Integral part of videos also. Sound can be used in a Number of a ways in a multimedia application such as: • Sound of the surrounding a Multimedia environment can be recorded, for Example, while showing a photograph of jungle the associated sound track can leave a lasting impression. • Sound helps the users to receive and retain the multimedia message in a better way. • Sound can also be used for catching attention in a boring graphics oriented Presentation. • Sound may also break the monotony of Multimedia base tutors and enhance the learning process. Sound wave properties and characteristics are characterized by these generic properties: • Frequency, or its inverse, the period • Wavelength • Wave number • Amplitude • Sound pressure • Sound intensity • Speed of sound • Direction

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3.B ii what is digital audio explain

Digital audio is sound reproduction using pulse-code modulation and digital signals. Digital audio systems include analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), digital-to-analog conversion (DAC), digital storage, processing and transmission components. The primary usefulness of digital audio is the ability to store, retrieve and transmit signals without any loss of quality.

Overview of digital audio Digital audio has emerged because of its usefulness in the recording, manipulation, massproduction, and distribution of sound. Modern distribution of music across the Internet via on-line stores depends on digital recording and digital compression algorithms. Distribution of audio as data files rather than as physical objects has significantly reduced the cost of distribution. In an analog audio system, sounds begin as physical waveforms in the air, are transformed into an electrical representation of the waveform, via a transducer (for example, a microphone), and are stored or transmitted. To be re-created into sound, the process is reversed, through amplification and then conversion back into physical waveforms via a loudspeaker. Although its nature may change, analog audio's fundamental wave-like characteristics remain the same during its storage, transformation, duplication, and amplification. Analog audio signals are susceptible to noise and distortion, unavoidable due to the innate characteristics of electronic circuits and associated devices. In the case of purely analog recording and reproduction, numerous opportunities for the introduction of noise and distortion exist throughout the entire process. When audio is digitized, distortion and noise are introduced only by the stages that precede conversion to digital format, and by the stages that follow conversion back to analog. The digital audio chain begins when an analog audio signal is first sampled, and then (for pulse-code modulation, the usual form of digital audio) it is converted into binary signals— ‘on/off’ pulses—which are stored as binary electronic, magnetic, or optical signals, rather than as continuous time, continuous level electronic or electromechanical signals. This signal may then be further encoded to allow correction of any errors that might occur in the storage or transmission of the signal, however this encoding is for error correction, and is not strictly part of the digital audio process. This "channel coding" is essential to the ability of broadcast or recorded digital system to avoid loss of bit accuracy. The discrete time and level of the binary signal allow a decoder to recreate the analog signal upon replay. An example of a channel code is Eight to Fourteen Bit Modulation as used in the audio Compact Disc (CD).

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Digital audio technologies Digital audio broadcasting • Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) • HD Radio • Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) • In-band on-channel (IBOC) Storage technologies: • Digital audio player • Digital Audio Tape (DAT) • Compact Disc (CD) • Hard disk recorder • DVD Audio • MiniDisc • Super Audio CD • Various audio file formats

Digital audio interfaces Audio-specific interfaces include: • AC'97 (Audio Codec 1997) interface between Integrated circuits on PC motherboards • Intel High Definition Audio A modern replacement for AC'97 • ADAT interface • AES3 interface with XLR connectors • AES47, Professional AES3-style digital audio over Asynchronous Transfer Mode networks • I²S (Inter-IC sound) interface between Integrated circuits in consumer electronics • MADI Multi channel Audio Digital Interface • MIDI low-bandwidth interconnect for carrying instrument data; cannot carry sound but can carry digital sample data in non-real-time • S/PDIF, either over coaxial cable or TOSLINK • TDIF, TASCAM proprietary format with D-sub cable • A2DP via Bluetooth Naturally, any digital bus (e.g., USB, FireWire, and PCI) can carry digital audio. Also, several interfaces are engineered to carry digital video and audio together,

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4.A i. What is an Image? ii. Explain its type’s with examples.

2006.4.B.i 2006.4.B.ii

4.B Write a note on Internet tools for world wide web.

2006.6.A.ii

5.A i. Write a note on computer Animation ii. lists its various classifications.

2006.3.B.i 2006.3.B.ii

5.B i. Define multimedia Authoring tool. ii. How is it better than Multimedia programming tool.

2006.5.A.i 2006.5.A.ii

6.A i. What is multimedia software? ii. How to setup multimedia system configuration.

2006.2.A.i 2006.5.B

6.B what is the Role of Media content Designer and interface Designer.

Content designer The duties of a content designer typically vary depending on the type of company and projects he or she is developing content for. One of the most common types of designer is someone who creates content for websites, in which case he or she may be responsible for making original graphics and images or generating text that utilizes search engine optimization (SEO) standards. A content designer working on a software program is usually responsible for creating various parts of that program. Video game companies often hire content designers to create the different events and scenes that take place in a game, especially role-playing or online games. A content designer may be responsible for a number of different tasks, often based on the type of project he or she is working on. Companies may hire content designers to work on websites they own, including professional commerce sites and informative news sites. A content designer working on a webpage is likely to create original artwork and graphic designs to be used on that webpage, often to make the site more appealing. Writers often create original content for websites as well, and SEO methods and other techniques are used to improve the chances of a site appearing in relevant search results. The responsibilities and duties of a content designer working for a software company, however, are likely to involve creating various features for a piece of software. A content designer might work on a graphical editing program and create the user interface (UI) for that program. In this capacity, the designer might work with other UI designers and interface experts to generate a UI that is different from competitors while providing customers with effective controls and a unique interactive experience. Another designer might work on Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 66

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choosing the types of options that will be available within the software and ensuring customers can control those options effectively. Much like a software designer, a content designer working on a video game usually creates the events and scenes that take place in the game. While modelers and artists make the creatures, props, and environments in a game, content designers often use these assets to actually populate the game world. In certain genres within the game industry, such as roleplaying games and online multiplayer games, a content designer is usually responsible for creating and implementing quests or missions within the game. The designer uses art assets and scripting languages to program the game to have certain events happen in response to the player, creating a world that seems more alive and reacts to the actions of the player. Interface designer An interface designer typically works to create interfaces, usually a user interface (UI), for various software programs and Internet websites. This involves understanding different aspects of human behavior, usability, and the ways in which people tend to view and interact with technology. The designer will typically begin with an overall concept or design for how an interface should look and function, and then work to develop and create the interface, either alone or with a team of other UI developers. An interface designer will also frequently work with others to test an interface during development to ensure proper usability. The various tasks and duties of an interface designer revolve around the design and development of a UI for a program or webpage. The UI for a piece of software or website is the way in which users of that program or visitors to a site interact with and use that software, and this typically involves a graphical user interface (GUI). An interface designer begins with a concept for the UI or GUI, often created in rough form on paper or using graphic software to create a mock up in a computer. This is then presented to a client and work is done to create a concept that meets the needs and desires of a software developer or website owner. Once an idea is approved, the interface designer will then typically work either alone or with a team to fully develop and actualize the entire interface. This typically involves various iterations of a concept, often trying different colors and layouts to find the ideal design for the interface. Many interface designers will also work with various testing methods including paper prototyping and alpha and beta testing to ensure a final product that is easy to use. When this is done as part of a team, an interface designer may also work as the team manager and oversee the tasks completed by others on the team. An interface designer can work with a client throughout a project, receiving feedback and altering the interface as necessary, in order to produce a final product that satisfies the needs and preferences of the client. This entire process can also vary depending on any work done before an interface designer was hired on. If an older interface is being revamped, for example, then the designer will typically work with the original interface when creating the final product. An entirely new interface will often have different requirements than adding to an older design, though the overall process is often similar.

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7.A i. What is the use of video ? ii. Explain Digital video with Digital video Architecture.

2006.7.A.i 2006.7.A.ii

7.B i. Explain briefly about the windows platforms that supports multimedia.

2006.6.B

8.A Briefly Explain the process involved in multimedia project planning and costing.

2006.7.B

8.B Give the Importance of designing and producing Multimedia projects. • OVERVIEW this is the next stage to execute each of the planned tasks and create a finished

product. • STRATEGIES FOR CREATING INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA Designing and building multimedia project. Feedback loops and good communication between the design and production effort. Spends more effort in rendering the project Methods chosen scopes size style of the team Detailed design- separated design team with development team. • RENDERING Rendering is the process of generating an image from a model, by means of computer programs. The model is a description of three-dimensional objects in a strictly defined language or data structure. It would contain geometry viewpoint texture lightening shading information The image is a digital image or raster graphic image. • DESIGNING MULTIMEDIA PROJECT Requires knowledge computer skills talent graphics arts video music ability to conceptualize logical pathways Involves thinking choosing making doing • DESIGNING MULTIMEDIA PROJECT Designing Structure • The manner in which project material is organized has just as great an impact on the viewer as the content itself. User Interface • The user interface of a project is a blend of its graphic elements and its navigation system. • DESIGNING THE STRUCTURE Navigation maps Architectural Drawing Hotspots Through Hyperlinks Image Maps Icons and Buttons • NAVIGATION MAPS/SITE MAPS Done early in the planning phase. Help organize the content and messages. Provide a hierarchical table of contents and a chart of the logical flow of the interactive interface. Essentially non-linear. • Organizing Structures Hierarchical/ Linear Liner with Non-linear Composite branching Users navigate along Users may navigate Users navigate Users navigate freely the branches of a tree non-linearly, but are sequentially, from one through the content, structure that is occasionally frame of information unbound by shaped by the natural constrained to linear to another predetermined routes. logic of the content. presentations. Structures Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 68

Don’t mug up the answers, try to invest the same time in understanding the answer…..SUN • TYPES OF SITE MAPS • DESIGNING THE STRUCTURE Navigation maps Architectural Drawing Hotspots Through Hyperlinks Image Maps Icons and Buttons • ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING Storyboards and navigation maps. Storyboards are linked to navigation maps during the design process, and help to visualize the information architecture. • STORYBOARD • Types of Structure Depth structure Surface structure Represents the complete Represents the structures navigation map and actually realized by a user describes all the links while navigating the depth between all the structure. components of the project. • DESIGNING THE STRUCTURE Navigation maps Architectural Drawing Hotspots Through Hyperlinks Image Maps Icons and Buttons • HOTSPOTS Add interactivity to a multimedia project. Categories of hotspots text graphic icon simplest hot spots on the Web are the text anchors that link a document to other documents. Example

The

• DESIGNING THE STRUCTURE Navigation maps Architectural Drawing Hotspots Through Hyperlinks Image Maps Icons and Buttons • HYPERLINKS A hotspot that connects a viewer to ano ther part of the same document, a different document, or another Web site. Example: Hyperlink • DESIGNING THE STRUCTURE Navigation maps Architectural Drawing Hotspots Through Hyperlinks Image Maps Icons and Buttons • IMAGE MAPS Larger images that are sectioned into hot areas with associated links. Example • DESIGNING THE STRUCTURE Navigation maps Architectural Drawing Hotspots Through Hyperlinks Image Maps Icons and Buttons • ICONS AND BUTTONS Icons are fundamental graphic objects symbolic of an activity or concept. A graphic image that is a hotspot is called a button. Plug-ins such as Flash, Shockwave, or JavaScripts enable users to create plain or animated buttons. Small JPEG or GIF images that are themselves anchor links can also serve as buttons on the Web. • DESIGNING THE USER INTERFACE Is a blend of graphic elements and navigation system. Can contain plenty of navigational power, which provides access to content and tasks for users at all levels. The interface should be simple and user-friendly. • GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES The GUIs of Macintosh and Windows are successful due to their simplicity, consistency, and ease of use. GUIs offer built-in help systems, and provide standard patterns of activity that produce the standard expected results. • GRAPHICAL APPROACHES THAT WORK Plenty of "non-information areas," or white space in the screens. Neatly executed contrasts. Gradients. Shadows. Eye-grabbers. Example of a good website interface.

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Don’t mug up the answers, try to invest the same time in understanding the answer…..SUN • GRAPHICAL APPROACHES TO AVOID Clashes of color. Busy screens. Requiring more than two button clicks to quit. Too many numbers and words. Too many substantive elements presented too quickly. Example of a insufficient website interface. • AUDIO INTERFACE A multimedia user interface can include sound elements. Sounds can be background music, special effects for button clicks, voice-overs, effects synced to animation. Always provide a toggle switch to disable sound.

You can further furnish this answer by reading 10th chapter’s summary of tay vaughan’s 8th edition text book. Below is the exact page which you are supposed to read, if you wanna have complete book you can get in on my blog: www.sureshskoppal.blogspot.com

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1.A i. What is multimedia software? ii. Explain briefly the varieties of multimedia software. 1.B i. Explain text as a part of multimedia. ii. Write a note on Anti-Aliasing texts 2.A Briefly explain the process involved in multimedia project planning and costing 2.B i. write a note on the functionalities of sound card and ii. draw a neat sketch of sound card construction

2006.2.A.i 2006.2.A.ii

3.A i. Write a note on computer animation. ii. List its various classifications

2006.3.B.i 2006.3.B.ii

3.B

2006.5.A.i 2006.5.A.ii

i. Define multimedia authoring tool. ii. How is it better than multimedia programming tool?

2006.2.B.i 2006.2.B.ii 2006.7.B 2006.3.A.i 2006.3.A.ii

4.A i. What is multimedia? ii. Explain its multiple facts

2007.1.A.i

4.A .ii. Explain its multiple facts

Ingredients which makes a normal computer to a multimedia computer: High memory, graphic card, sound card, 1gb+ ram etc

Characteristics of multimedia Computer controlled Integrated Digitally controlled Permit interactivity Problems faced by multimedia products more cost, copy right issues, technical issues (platform issues), pc hardware issue

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Benefits: Easy to understand Flexible Remotely controlled Enjoyable multimedia majorly used in uses – business – government, education, broadcasting and entertainment, research and development – health Hardware’s which popularized multimedia Computer, radio, mobile, tv, Software: email, messenger, video conferencing, video conferencing Basic multimedia software These are softwares which concentrate on 1 media Audacity – audio, Photoshop for photo Word for: text, pinnacle or ulead or video advanced or authoring multimedia softwares these are the sofwares which combine all the media dreamweaver Ten Reasons to Use Multimedia fast -- learning speed accelerates. cheap -- the program never asks for a raise; the more you use it, the less it costs per use. consistent -- no mood swings, yawns, or lapses. private -- ask what you want; no one will laugh, no one will scold. safe -- experience nuclear meltdowns without fallout; experience drunk driving accidents or electrocution without blackouts or death. personal -- it never tires of praising and motivating through positive feedback, any time, day or night. a strong foundation -- on which to build mastery. a tool to make remembering longer, easier -- many parts of the brain are stimulated. more information faster -- on things a school couldn't afford to teach: like space-shuttle repair, brain surgery, black hole sailing. fun -- like a game: yes, like Nintendo, which, with a joystick and a screen, has already captured the brains and fingers of an entire generation. If you know any other facts regarding multimedia, you can add them by all means

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4.B write a note on the various classifications of multimedia

Interactive multimedia In contrast to the non-interactive media described above, interactive media allow the viewer to become an active participant in the presentation, whether by directly interacting with the presenter, by making asynchronous comments, or (in some cases) directly modifying the content of the presentation. Dynamic or interactive : it is two way communication where user have have control over multimedia. In interactive multimedia, the user or operator is able to interact with the computer directly, (Eg: computer games, ppt presentations or interactive Cd's , DVD menu etc..) Interactive media normally refers to products and services on digital computer-based systems which respond to the user’s actions by presenting content such as text, graphics, animation, video, audio, etc. we MAY Heard IT CALLED "new media," "hypermedia," "integrated media," or more commonly "interactive multimedia," but whatever you call it, it's the next giant step in classroom technology and potentially a powerful tool for environmental education. The term "interactive multimedia" covers a lot of territory. "Interactive" means that this new tool offers multiple choices or scenarios, and as the program unfolds, the viewer chooses which sequences or subjects to explore. The presentation "interacts" with the viewer by responding to these choices. "Multimedia" means graphics, music, sound effects, voice, video, and animation, in any combination, in the same program or presentation. These various media are the building blocks of a multimedia product or presentation, but the cornerstone is the student's ability to interact spontaneously with the information or images by using the computer. Beyond assembling pieces in an electronic version of cut-and-paste, multimedia tools can provide tremendous stimulation and resources for development of critical thinking and problem solving skills. Keep in mind that many multimedia products are nothing more than electronic books or glorified page-turners. Instead of presenting kids with simple words and numbers, we've added pictures and sound. They can be slow and boring. The value of this technology only comes when we empower the student to take a more proactive role in the acquisition and analysis of information. Interactivity, therefore, is the potential of this medium that distinguishes it from earlier instructional technology innovations such as slides, film, and video. Where interaction formerly was limited to "off" and "on," multimedia may provide a "hook" to help transform Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 74

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students from passive recipients of information to active participants in their own learning process. The dynamic, media-rich environment provides a potent way to reach students, laying the pathway for truly investigative learning. Though the word media is plural, the term interactive media is often used as a singular noun. Interactive media is related to the concepts interaction design, new media, interactivity, human computer interaction, cyber culture, digital culture, and includes specific cases such as, for example, interactive television, interactive narrative, interactive advertising, algorithmic art, videogames, social media, ambient intelligence, virtual reality and augmented reality. An essential feature of interactivity is that it is mutual: user and machine each take a more or less active role (see interaction). Most interactive computing systems are for some human purpose and interact with humans in human contexts.[1] Manovich complains that ‘In relation to computer-based media, the concept of interactivity is a tautology. .... Therefore, to call computer media “interactive” is meaningless – it simply means stating the most basic fact about computers.’.[2] Nevertheless the term is useful to denote an identifiable body of practices and technologies. Any form of interface between the end user/audience and the medium may be considered interactive. Interactive media is not limited to electronic media or digital media. Board games, pop-up books, game books, flip books and constellation wheels are all examples of printed interactive media. Books with a simple table of contents or index may be considered interactive due to the non-linear control mechanism in the medium, but are usually considered non-interactive since the majority of the user experience is non-interactive sequential reading. Non interactive multimedia Non-interactive Multimedia Analogous to the static text and graphics discussed above, non-interactive streaming media are the most common forms of sound and video files. The user has a limited amount of control over what he or she sees (usually the user controls are limited to simple start/stop/rewind/fast forward buttons).

Streaming Audio RealPlayer RealPlayer is a system for distributing audio and video content over the web. It makes small files, and can handle multiple connection speeds in the same file. The quality tends to be Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 75

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somewhat lower than with other systems, however. The major advantages of RealPlayer are that it is cross-platform and that it is installed by default with most modern web browsers. Putting your media into Real format means that most of your colleagues will be able to access it without installing additional software. SHOUTCast SHOUTcast lets anyone with a high-speed Internet connection set up a live radio station. The server software runs on Macintosh, Windows and Unix, and the player software is a plug-in for the popular WinAmp MP3 player Despite the name, Winamp is available for the Macintosh as well as for Windows. SHOUTCast audio can also be played with other popular software such as MacAmp (again, despite the name, this software is available for both Windows and Macintosh) and Apple's iTunes. Both the the server and player software are available at no charge, a substantial advantage over RealPlayer (which charges money for high-performance server software). SHOUTcast allows archiving "shows" for later retrieval by the users, and encodes the audio stream in real time, meaning that a separate encoding step is not necessary.

Streaming Video RealPlayer RealPlayer (mentioned above) allows you to stream video as well as audio. RealVideo file sizes tend to be small (and thus usable on a low-speed connection) but not of the highest quality. Again, though free viewers and encoders are available, taking full advantage of this technology requires purchasing the commercial version of the software. QuickTime QuickTime is Apple's technology for showing video on the desktop. It is available for Windows as well as the Macintosh. A disadvantage of this technology is that Windows users must download and install QuickTime (it comes pre-installed on the Macintosh). File compression is good (though the files tend to be somewhat larger than with Real) and the image quality is very good. As with RealPlayer, QuickTime comes in both free and commercial versions. Taking full advantage of this technology requires the commercial version. Windows Media Player Windows Media Player is Microsoft's answer to QuickTime. As with QuickTime, it is available for both platforms, though Mac users must download and install the software. Image quality and file compression are good. Windows Media Player is free. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 76

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5.A how to setup multimedia system configuration

2006.5.B

5.B what is the role of media content designer and interface designers

2007.6.B

6.A explain any two characteristics of authoring tools? Note: question has been asked only two character but I have solved four characters so that it might be useful for question 2009.5.A

Characteristic #1: Views Most web authoring software provides multiple views of the web page you're working on. • • •

Standard, normal, or design view - This is typically the default view, which is a blank screen on which you type, paste, or insert content. This is very similar to a word processor screen. Code view - Allows you to view and work directly with the HTML code. Split - Both of the above views are displayed simultenously in separate windows.

Examples from common applications • • •

In Macromedia Dreamweaver, you can switch between views using the View menu. In Microsoft FrontPage, you can switch between views using tabs that appear in the lower left corner of the application window. In Netscape Composer, you can switch between views using either of the above methods.

Activity •

• •

Find how to switch between views in your web authoring software. Does the software provide more than one way to do this? Try typing something on the screen in Normal or Design View, then switch to Code View to see the HTML that was generated by the web authoring tool. Ask your instructor for instructions on how to open and save files with your web authoring software in your school's computing environment. Now open your portfolio file unit6.htm in your web authoring software. At this point the page should have a banner, a navigation menu, and a pair of W3C icons. Practice switching between views and exploring your page using your web authoring tool.

Characteristic #2: Creating Headings and Subheadings In Normal or Design View, Web authoring software is very similar to word processing software. One or more toolbars appear across the top of the application window. A text formatting toolbar typically includes buttons for bolding and italicizing text, and probably additionally includes some means of identifying a heading or subheading.

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Example #1 The following is a sample toolbar from Macromedia Dream weaver. To create an heading in Dreamweaver, simply select the button labeled h1, type your heading text, then press Enter.

example #2 The following is a sample toolbar from Microsoft FrontPage. To create an heading in FrontPage, use the dropdown menu to select Heading 1, type your heading text, then press Enter.

Activity •

• •

• •

Add a main heading "Unit 6: Web Authoring Software" to your web page, just beneath the menu. Since you already know how to do this with source code, try doing it using the graphic view, then check your source code to see what code was inserted by the software. Now add a subheading "My Web Authoring Software" beneath this. As in previous lessons, add a named anchor to this heading with name="software". In some web authoring tools, this feature may be called a bookmark. See if you can figure out how to add it using your software's menu system or graphic interface. Beneath this subheading, write a short paragraph identifying what web authoring software you're using, including the version number. After you've added this content to your web page, switch to Code View to see the HTML that was generated by the web authoring tool. Does it differ at all from the HTML you would have used if you were coding this page manually?

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Characteristic #3: Inserting Links In many web authoring software products, you add a link to a document by selecting Insert from the menu, then Link or Hyperlink. A dialog box will appear, prompting you for the link text that you want to display, the destination of the link, and possibly other information. Most web authoring software tools additionally provide a button or icon that allows you to quickly insert a link. Activity • • • • •

Explore your software, and find out how many ways there are to add a link to your web page. Create a new section in your web page with subheading "List of Links", and a named anchor "links" In this new section, use your software's graphic interface to add an unordered list of links to a few of your favorite websites. Now switch to Code View to see the HTML that was generated by the web authoring tool. Open your portfolio home page (index.htm) in your web authoring software. See if you can figure out how to link to a specific named anchor within a document. In the appropriate places on your home page, convert items to links to the new sections in your Unit 6 document.

Characteristic #4: Inserting Images In many web authoring software products, you add an image to a document by selecting Insert from the menu, then Image or Picture. A dialog box will appear, prompting you for the location of the image. After you have inserted the image into your webpage, you can edit its attributes in a Properties dialog box or panel. For example, you can change the image's height and width, put a border around it, make it into a link, and add alternate text for users who can't see the image. Image Properties are typically accessed by right clicking on the image and selecting Properties from the popup menu (if you are a Mac user, you can achieve the same result by pressing CTRL and clicking on the image to see the popup menu). Examples from common applications The following is the Picture Properties dialog from Microsoft FrontPage:

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•

Explore your software, and find out how to insert a picture. Create a new section in your web page with heading "Inserting an Image" and named anchor "image". In the new section, insert the 3D Box image that you created in the lesson on Basic Image Manipulation. Explore the various options that are available for image properties. Try chang some of these properties to see what happens. Be sure to add alternate text to the image for the benefit of those who can't see it. After changing image properties, switch to Code View to see the HTML that was generated by your changes.

Answer 2: (1) Variety of designed applications: Usually, less sophisticated authoring tools offer only the ability to design applications identical to one another. Of course, this is a result of the efforts to minimize package complexity which leads to a subsequent drop of the abilities’ standard. (2) User interface: Normally, a good interface presents itself in two modes (at least): The “beginner mode,” with only the basic capabilities, and the “expert mode,” which offers all available features. (4) Multi formats of elements supported : The truth is that even the most simplified software systems offer multimedia imports. However, what can be measured are the supported file types (BMP, GIF, JPEG, WAV, AVI, MPEG, etc). Needless to say, the sole number of file types may be misleading: an authoring system that supports only two image types (BMP and GIF) is perhaps far superior to one that supports 10 possible types but not these two. (5) Data communication with other applications: This feature is useful when trying to extract or import data from and into the system. For example, sophisticated tools can export test data in the form of spreadsheet files, interact with databases (via ODBC drivers), and import a variety of file types (as DOC, RTF, HTML, XML, etc). (6) Branching: Unlike simply linear systems, complex authoring tools connect independent screens or forms via links that can be followed at the user’s will. Moreover, some systems even decide which screen will be presented next, depending on the user’s answers or preferences. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 80

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(7) Scripting: Even when hypothetically using the “best tool for the job,” sometimes there are ideas that cannot be materialized in a standardized way. This means that there has to be a more or less simplified way to program these tasks. Of course, that can only be realized through a kind of programming language, which can differ among cases. Some programs may offer traditional text-based scripting while others might host some kind of simplified visual programming that can be approached more easily by less-experienced users. 6.B explain briefly about the windows platforms that support multimedia

2006.6.B

7.A what is the role of internet in multimedia

Multimedia on the Web Today's Web represents a diversified multimedia experience. In fact, the Web has become a broadcast medium, offering live TV and radio, pre-recorded video, photos, images, and animations. We can Expect and encounter multimedia anywhere on the Web.

Plugins, Nowadays, many multimedia computers come pre-loaded with internet supportive plugin and media players. This is an acknowledgement of the importance of the Web multimedia experience. If your computer doesn't have a particular piece of software, it can be easily obtained from the Web site of the company that created it. Downloading is easy and instructions are usually provided. Internet offers a seamless multimedia based plug-in to experience multimedia are available for offline and online

• • • • •

These are called as Multimedia Internet Mail Extension, examples Jpeg photo: image/jpeg MPEG video: video/mpeg Quicktime movie: video/QuickTime MP3 audio: audio/x-mpeg-3 Flash presentation: application/x-shockwave-flash

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Internet for multimedia Audio Audio files, including music, are an important part of the Web experience. Listening to music on the Web is a popular pastime. Audio files of many types are supported by the Web with the appropriate players. The MP3 file format probably the most popular option for audio files.

Internet for multimedia Video ex: http://www.youtube.com/user/sureshsalgundi Streaming video is the backbone of live and pre-recorded broadcasting on the Web. YouTube is one of the most popular sites on the Web for pre-recorded video. Real-time professional or personal broadcasts are also very popular.

Internet in broadcasting real-time multimedia live cams and live tv are a big part of the real-time video experience available on the Web. Live cams are video cameras that send their data in real time to a Web server. These cams may appear in all kinds of locations, both serious and whimsical:

Justin.tv was a pioneer in this type of live broadcasting. Other people broadcast their involvement in specific topics, such as cooking or technology.

Conclusion The Web is a medium for exchanging information among professionals. A live professional broadcast from a conference, company, or institution is sometimes referred to as a webcast.

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7.B explain the term multimedia of web Once upon a time, not so long ago, the words Internet and multimedia were rarely mentioned in the same sentence. Although you could download GIF images or sound files from an FTP site and then view or listen to them on your PC, the Internet experience itself was far from a multimedia extravaganza. Indeed, until the advent of Mosaic and the phenomenal popularity of the World Wide Web, accessing the Internet was like reading the front page of the Wall Street Journal: lots of good information, but gray, without pictures, and dull on the eyes.

In 1993, a computer program called Mosaic changed all that. Mosaic is a browser -- a program that allows users to use the Internet's World Wide Web. For the first time, true multimedia -- the mixing of various media such as text, images, sounds, and movies -- came to the Internet. Today, not only can you download those sorts of files, but you can also experience them while you are online. And, if you have anything to say, you can even present your information, complete with mixed media, on your own Web page. The World Wide Web continues to grow in popularity, but most of us have limited bandwidth resources. We use poky 9600 bps and 14.4 Kbps modems to send and receive data, but in the world of full multimedia we're going to need much faster access. After all, 14.4 Kbps means 14,400 bits of information every second, and even with good data compression technology, we're lucky to hit 38,800 bits per second regularly. At these speeds, video or audio files that are more than a few minutes long can take an hour or more to transfer to a PC, so if you're waiting to see Gone with the Wind or hear Wagner's entire Ring cycle, forget it. Even users who are lucky enough to access the Internet with a 28.8 Kbps modem get tired of waiting for things to download. As a result of this bottleneck, most people get only text and graphics files from the Web. Text and still image files are generally small, so you don't need to wait too long to view them, but anyone who has waited for a graphically heavy Web site, such as Time Warner's Pathfinder, soon realizes how frustrating even this experience can be. Although audio and animation are both possible on the Web, you need a much faster connection (or the patience of a saint) to send and receive the huge audio and video files that would enable you to take full advantage of Internet multimedia. On the Internet, and typically in real life, new technologies are first available to a core group of inventors and experimenters. If the new technology is good enough, or interesting enough, or worthwhile enough, word gets out. Other folks begin to hear about the wonders of the new technology, and they want to try it. They find out what they need, and then they spend whatever time and money is necessary. Slowly, the technology gains wider and broader acceptance, with more and more people taking part, until at last it becomes so common that it's practically a household word. Consider, for example, electronic mail. Or the World Wide Web. Or the waffle iron.

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What's interesting about the Internet these days is that new technologies don't get much of a experimental period. The Net had more than a decade to shake itself out, from the time of its inception in 1969 to the beginnings of its widespread use in the early 1980s. After that, especially beginning in the late 1980s, new technologies started moving from someone's brain to common use in a matter of a couple of years or even less. Mosaic, the famous World Wide Web browser, is an excellent example. First introduced in February 1993, and solely for UNIX's X Window platform, Mosaic became an important program for thousands of UNIX, Windows and Macintosh users by the end of 1993, and it became probably the most written-about computer program in the world by the middle of 1994. If you want to invent an Internet technology today, you'd better plan to introduce it less than a year after you start working on it, or the technology will likely be out of date by the time it hits the Net. Nevertheless, important technologies take time to develop. Sometimes, a technology is so complex that years of research are needed to get it to work at all. Other times, the technology demands so much of related technologies that only a few people in the world have the equipment necessary to even get an inkling of what the technology is about. Over the past few years, something called the MBONE has been making its way onto the Internet slowly and experimentally. But its use is about to increase exponentially, because even those of us who today rely on mere modems will soon have access to the technologies that are necessary to bring the MBONE into our homes and offices. Today, "regular Internet users" are at the cusp of a new multimedia revolution. Users who are pushing the limits of a 14.4 Kbps connection can already use some cool new multimedia tools (some of which are discussed in Chapter 3). In the coming months, true multimedia will become more commonplace for "regular users" as bandwidth limitations decrease and as hackers continue to improve compression methods for stuffing more information down that thin 14.4 Kbps link. Then, too, 28.8 Kbps modems will soon be cheap enough to replace the 14.4's completely, helping to ease the data bottleneck even further.

Suresh: Dear students if you want to still expand this answer Think multimedia as highway and assume Banks, Atms, online educations etc as cities on that highway. Where all the cities connected to multimedia highway through internet Try to expand: Role of internet in picasa (image related multimedia website) Role of internet in maintain chatting sites (text related multimedia website) Or else Refer notes given by me on “applications of multimedia”, which explains how most of the application are related to internet Ex: ATM, Online data in banks, online education etc Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 84

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8.A Write short notes on: i. drawing tools ii. Network scheduling -2006 iii. MIDI interface Cards iv. Scanner and Scanner techniques

2006.8.i 2006.8.ii

8.A.i drawing tools 1.

A graphics program that enables you to draw pictures, then store the images in files, merge them into documents, and print them. Unlike paint programs, which represent images as bit maps, draw programs use vector graphics, which makes it easy to scale images to different sizes. In addition, graphics produced with a draw program have no inherent resolution. Rather, they can be represented at any resolution, which makes them ideal for high-resolution output.

2. 3. 4.

Drawing is a relaxing and fun hobby If we have the creative license we can do miracle's Drawing can be taught, or else learnt by applying our own techniques after seeing the fantastic artist work 5. materials for drawing on web a. A set of pencils, b. A set of brushes c. A set of shading options d. A set of erasers

6.

7.

Drawing tools vary depending on the style and type of drawing being produced. No matter whether they are used by a professional or a hobby artist, each has a favorite style of drawing and just as many preferred drawing tools. However, there are some drawing tools that are more important than others when working on a drawing, sketch or illustration. The key to finding the proper drawing tools is to experiment and look for tools that feel the most comfortable. Digital Pens • Digital pens use an infrared camera to capture images drawn on paper, converting them into digital images when connected to a computer via a USB cable or wireless connection. The drawings are uploaded for easy reviewing and modification. Digital pens use ink just like regular pens to give the user the same experience as when drawing traditionally. Digital pens also allow users to convert handwriting into digital notes for easy reference.

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8.

9.

Illustration Software • Some of the most popular illustration software, as of January 2010, include CorelDraw, Adobe Illustrator and Macromedia Freehand. Used by professional graphic designers and illustrators, these vector-based illustration software programs allow users to create logos, character drawings, illustrations and unique design elements. Drawings can be created by hand in the programs by using a mouse, or in conjunction with a drawing tablet or digital pen. 3D Software • Software like AutoCAD and Google SketchUp provide users with the ability to draw home designs, toys, furniture and products in three dimension. The software is ideal for creating realistic renderings of commercial building layouts, interior design options and new construction plans.

8.A.ii Network scheduling Network Scheduling The network scheduling is a graphical representation of the interrelationships among all activities in the project. Developing the network forces detailed planning of the project and provides a valuable communication tool. After the activities have been identified and the network has been drawn the nest step is to assign expected time duration to the activities. The expected duration depends on the planned crew size work method equipment and working hours. A particular level of resource must be assumed to be available when the work is to be performed. The following conditions may exist when the estimates are made: 9.3.1 Advantages of Network scheduling Network based scheduling techniques can be beneficial in many ways if they are properly used. Like all other scheduling techniques, however, they are not panaceas or substitutes for good management judgment. Since scheduling is an attempt to plan future work, the required work times are estimated. No technique will make poor estimates any better. Scheduling can help plan work, but the accuracy or plans and schedules depends on the accuracy or the time estimates used in their development. Knowledgeable people and / or reliable techniques should be used to provide the time estimates. Assuming that the estimates for a network scheduling method are ai good as those for other scheduling methods, the network techniques may offer some advantages: 1. They lead to planning a project to the selected level of details so that all parts or the project and their intended order of accomplishment are known. 2. They provide a fairly accurate estimate of the length of time it will take to complete the project and the activities that must be kept on time to meet the schedule. 3. They provide a graphical picture and standardized vocabulary to aid in understanding work assignments and communicating among people involved in the project. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 86

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4. They provide a means to track progress on a project (that is, show where work is with respect to the plan). 5. They identify and focus attention on potentially troublesome activities to facilitate management by exception. 6. They provide a means of estimating the time and coat impact of changes in the project plan at any stage. 9.4 NETWORK BASED SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES The biggest advance in project scheduling since the development of the Ganti Chart in 1917 was made between 1956 and 1958. During this period, two new scheduling techniques were developed that have much in common, although they were developed independently. These techniques are the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and the Critical Path Method (CPM). Both are based on the use of a network or graphical model to depict the work tasks being scheduled. Both were designed to schedule long. duration projects that were to be performed only once or in low volume. Computer programs are available for both PERT and CPM, which are helpful in developing timely information about large projects, particularly those that are to be updated and rervised several times before completion. Following techniques can be used to solve a problem through n network: • PERT: Programme Evaluation and Review Technique • CPM: Critical Path Method • RAMS: Resource Allocation and Multi project Scheduling • GER: Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique • MOSS: Multi Operation Scheduling System • COPAC: Critical Operating Production Allocation Control •.LCS.:. Least Cost Scheduling • MAP: Man Power Allocation Procedure • RPSM: Resource Planning and Scheduling Method However PERT and CPM are most commonly used techniques.

8.A.iii MIDI interface Cards

2006.8.i

8.A.iv Scanner and Scanner techniques

2006.8.ii

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Q

QUESTION

Repeated in

1.A i. Define Multimedia Software. ii. Write briefly the different verities of a multimedia software

2006.2.A..i 2006.2.A..ii

1.B Explain Anti-Aliasing texts

2006.2.B.ii

2.A i. What is multimedia? ii. Write its multiple facts

2007.1.A..i 2008.4.A.ii

2.B discuss the various classification of multimedia

2008.4.B

3.A write the process involved in multimedia project planning and costing

2006.7.B

3.B write a note on windows platforms that support multimedia

2006.6.B

4.A i. Write a note on computer animation. ii. List its various classification

2006.3.B.i 2006.3.B.ii

4.B Explain how to setup multimedia setup configuration

2006.5.B

5.A write the characteristics of authoring tools

2008.6.A --------

5.B i. Draw a neat sketch of sound card construction. ii. Explain the functionalities of sound card.

2006.3.A.i 2006.3.A.ii

6.A Explain the role of internet in multimedia.

2008.7.A

6.B explain the term multimedia of a web

2008.7.B

7.A what is the role of media content designer and interface designer

2007.6.B

7.B explain MIDI interface card

2006.8.i

8.A Write a short notes on any two i. Network scheduling ii. drawing tools iii. scanner and scanning techniques

2008.8.ii 2008.8.i 2006.8.ii

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1.A i. What is multimedia? ii. Explain the different stages of multimedia

1.B Describe the use of multimedia in different application areas.

2007.1.A.i 2006.1.A.ii

2006.1.B….

Due to its impact in quick understanding and longer time reorganization of information people are addicted to multimedia. Due to its supreme qualities the applications of multimedia are endless Some of the major application segments are given below Business At home At public places Virtual reality Schools

Business business: The activity of providing goods and services involving financial, commercial and industrial aspects A human interface plays a major role in business a “human interface.”: is nothing but a programmed electronic device that hae a display for the user and that allows the user to interact with the system. In business uses multimedia in the form of: presentation for formally presenting the information training : to enhance the skills of the employees marketing for selling and distributing a product or service advertising to promote a product in public product demos: to show visually how a product works database: to handle an organized list of data of product and employees catalogs: to prepare a pamlet of systematically arranged list of price and specification of products instant messaging: to exchange information within colleges in short time Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 91

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networked communication: to have confidential talk within selected members or delegates voice mail: to deliver recorded message to customers. video-conferencing: to engage meeting with delegates of who resides in different locations Teleconferencing: to have a conference meeting over phone High resolution Banners: to depict a permanent in picture in customer mind pda: personal digital assistant, to assist their key employees about the schedule of the organization bluetooth: to share the information wirelessly, which is stored in human interface wifi: to share the information within employees within limited place with networked computers to handle pursuit of business: used in the form of instant energizer, to activate employees

Home home: home: is a heart touching place where we live. Multimedia is used in home in: gardening: to get knowledge on how to maintain plants cooking: to learn new kinds of recipes Home Design : like an assistant in planning, exterior, interior styles Remodeling: to effectively assemble a new product repair : to make bad conditioned product to work correctly genealogy software’s": best utilize chronically added games information tips on: first aid, books, aerobics, yogasana online gaming: as per a article at evening there will be a lot of net - traffic in online games website compared to morning, it indicates the home users addictively.

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Public places A public place is generally an indoor or outdoor area, whether privately or publicly owned, to which the public have access to a required element multimedia is used in public places such as 1.hotel: to make their customers to aware of the city transportation schedules, city maps and historical places of the city 2. railway and bus station: to spend the leisure time 3. in buses: to easily have a long journey 4. shopping: to give information about the products and also mind relaxing music 5. museum: to adequate more about the elements of the musuem 6. public library: to keep track of borrows of books 7. kiosks : in the form of informative and entertainment device 8 picnic: makes picnic memorable with the help of digi cameras 9. aero planes: by providing standalone tv or computer 10. online procession: to have a streamed view of procession 11 theatre: to give digital experience speakers, banners etc 12 cricket: to know scores, statics etc

Virtual reality Virtual means: no existence It’s a technology related to create something which actually doesn’t exist Uses of multimedia in virtual reality: goggles : used to have 3rd effect in game arcades 3d games: nfs, igi etc Simulation (model): to present the product virtually ex: titanic, dinosaur 3d speakers: to hear surround system music Virtual training: fire exhaustion, terrorism training, jet fighting

School School is a place where every normal bud(student) is converted to a beautiful flower(able student) or else School in a junction where each talented student is diverted to his deserved destination Perhaps school is the most in need of multimedia Use of multimedia in schools / education: 12. today’s education in fluctuating, in cities education level is increasing, whereas in villages it declining. Hence multimedia should be used where education level is down Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 93

Don’t mug up the answers, try to invest the same time in understanding the answer…..SUN The situation had occurred in us in 1990, govt of us took a bold step and introduced multimedia network oriented education smart class 13. time is very near where multimedia is going to become a virtual super highway connecting all schools from Kashmir to kanyakumari and so on kolkatta to mumbai 14. multimedia is really needed in medical courses, because all the colleges will not be having ultra modern equipments to teach very sensitive subjects a. the above concept has been first applied in yale university of medicine which gave 100 presentations on cardiology and radiology etc 15. now a days multimeda so many colleges are coming up with their school magazine and news letter using multimedia 16. so open universities are raising 17. online education are tutoring is booming example: kidzone, where we can find online wild kingdom, which we can make them to roar on our finger tip movement 18. education tutor cd like pebbles, cbt, vtc, Lynda are revolutionizing the multimedia a. first education cd came in 1994 with 2500 title for puc 2nd year in usa 19. online admission and online classes a. first applied by Washington university 20. television education programs a. as some education programs on dd1 where algebra, and basic elements of environment and some science topics are demonstrated through stories and puppets 21. satellelite education a. presently applied by world’s second largest open university IGNOU 22. virtual universities (non physical existence of university building) a. currently its in 11 countries including Pakistan, Canada etc benefits of multimedia in education 6. provokes dull students, converting passive to active 7. because of less pressure teacher becomes mentors or escorts 8. makes students think and perform beyond their capacity 9. provides equal platform and equal resources and equal challenges 10. ultimately knowledge becomes potential

Medical field refer : Refer answer 2006.1.B.i 2.A >> write in detail about font editing and designing tools Wednesday, October 12, 2011 9:37 PM • •

Factors affecting legibility of text: Size. • The size of the text o Background and foreground color • The color in which the text is written in / on. o Style • Also known as typeface and font o

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Leading • refers to the amount of added space between lines of type. • Originally, when type was set by hand for printing presses, printers placed slugs—strips of lead of various thicknesses—between lines of type to add space. Text elements can be categories into: o Alphabet characters : A – Z o Numbers : 0 – 9 o

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Special characters: Punctuation [. , ; ‘ …] , Sign or Symbols [* & ^ % $ £ ! / ~ # @ .…]

Also known Character Sets May also include special icon or drawing symbols , mathematical symbols , Greek Letter etc. Font VS Typefaces o Is there a difference? o How do we differentiate one with the other? Font A ‘font’ is a collection of characters of a particular size and style belonging to a particular typeface family . Usually vary by type sizes and styles. The sizes are measured in points This includes the letter set, the number set, and all of the special character and diacritical marks you get by pressing the shift, option, or command/control keys. Arial Fonts Typeface A ‘typeface’ is a family of graphic characters that usually includes many type sizes and styles. A typeface contains a series of fonts . For instance, Arial, Arial Black Arial Narrow and Arial Unicode MS are actually 4 fonts under the same family. Arial Typefaces Family Font and Typefaces The technology of fonts and typefaces includes the following: o Font styles - boldface, italic, underline, outline o Font sizes - point, kerning, leading o Cases – uppercase, lowercase, intercap o Serif versus Sans Serif Font Effects The technology of font effects in bringing viewer’s attention to content: o Case: UPPER and lower CaSeD letter o Bold , Italic , Underline , superscript or subscript o Embossed ex: SSoouum myyaa or Shadow o Colours o Strikethrough o

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Note: Desinging tools = drawing tools ----> repeated in 2008.8.i Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 95

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2.B i. Define sound. ii. Explain the power of sound

2007.3.B.i

2.B . ii. Explain the power of sound Technically sound is Vibration transmitted through an elastic solid or a liquid or gas, with frequencies in the approximate range of 20 to 20,000 hertz, capable of being detected by human organs of hearing. As per multimedia is an Auditory material that is recorded, edited and used in multimedia products or applications. It is an undetectable element of a multimedia monophonic sound Commonly called mono sound, mono, or non-stereo sound, this early sound system used a single channel of audio for sound output. In monophonic sound systems, the signal sent to the sound system encodes one single stream of sound and it usually uses just one speaker. Monophonic sound is the most basic format of sound output. Surround sound Surround sound is a term used to describe a type of audio output in which the sound appears to "surround the listener" by 360 degrees. Surround sound systems use three or more channels and speakers in front and behind the listener to create a surrounding envelope of sound and directional audio sources. The term surround sound has become popular in recent years and more commonly used since the advent of home theater systems. Surround sound can be either an analog or digital system. quadraphonic sound Quadraphonic sound uses four channels to output sound; right front, left front, right rear, and left rear. The goal of a quadraphonic sound system is to reproduce sounds in both the front and back of the listener, which simulates 360-degree sound. Quadraphonic sound became the more common and popular choice in the late 1950s to early 1960s versus Four Channel Discrete which was also available during that time. 3D Stereo sound A technology that provides a more realistic view of 3D game visuals providing a more real 3D scene that allows you to better interact with the on-screen media. 3D Stereo technology on the PC requires both a software driver and a hardware device Power of sound just watch a movie, song or a fighting scene without sound, then we will understand the power of sound Sounds are generally audible to the human ear if their frequency (number of vibrations per second) lies between 20 and 20,000 vibrations per second, but the range varies Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 96

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considerably with the individual. Sound waves with frequencies less than those of audible waves are called subsonic; those with frequencies above the audible range are called ultrasonic (see ultrasonic). A sound wave is usually represented graphically by a wavy, horizontal line; the upper part of the wave (the crest) indicates a condensation and the lower part (the trough) indicates a rarefaction. This graph, however, is merely a representation and is not an actual picture of a wave. The length of a sound wave, or the wavelength, is measured as the distance from one point of greatest condensation to the next following it or from any point on one wave to the corresponding point on the next in a train of waves. The wavelength depends upon the velocity of sound in a given medium at a given temperature and upon the frequency of vibration. The wavelength of a sound can be determined by dividing the numerical value for the velocity of sound in the given medium at the given temperature by the frequency of vibration. For example, if the velocity of sound in air is 1,130 ft per second and the frequency of vibration is 256, then the wave length is approximately 4.4 ft. The velocity of sound is not constant, however, for it varies in different media and in the same medium at different temperatures. For example, in air at 0°C. it is approximately 1,089 ft per second, but at 20°C. it is increased to about 1,130 ft per second, or an increase of about 2 ft per second for every centigrade degree rise in temperature. Sound travels more slowly in gases than in liquids, and more slowly in liquids than in solids. Since the ability to conduct sound is dependent on the density of the medium, solids are better conductors than liquids, liquids are better conductors than gases. Sound waves can be reflected, refracted (or bent), and absorbed as light waves can be. The reflection of sound waves can result in an echo-an important factor in the acoustics of theaters and auditoriums. A sound wave can be reinforced with waves from a body having the same frequency of vibration, but the combination of waves of different frequencies of vibration may produce "beats" or pulsations or may result in other forms of interference. Power of Sound When something vibrates in the air is moving back and forth it creates wave of pressure. These waves spread like ripples from pebble tossed into a still pool and when it reaches the eardrums, the change of pressure or vibration is experienced as sound. Acoustics is the branch of physics that studies sound. Sound pressure levels are measured in decibels (db); a decibel measurement is actually the ratio between a chosen reference point on a logarithmic scale and the level that is actually experienced. The multimedia application user can use sound right off the bat on both the Macintosh and on a multimedia PC running Windows because beeps and warning sounds are available as soon as the operating system is installed. On the Macintosh you can choose one of the several sounds for the system alert. In Windows system sounds are WAV files and they reside in the windows\Media subdirectory. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 97

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There are still more choices of audio if Microsoft Office is installed. Windows makes use of WAV files as the default file format for audio and Macintosh systems use SND as default file format for audio. Digital audio is created when a sound wave is converted into numbers – a process referred to as digitizing. It is possible to digitize sound from a microphone, a synthesizer, existing tape recordings, live radio and television broadcasts, and popular CDs. You can digitize sounds from a natural source or prerecorded. Digitized sound is sampled sound. Ever nth fraction of a second, a sample of sound is taken and stored as digital information in bits and bytes. The quality of this Digital recording depends upon how often the samples are taken. Once a recording has been made, it will almost certainly need to be edited. The basic sound editing operations that most multimedia procedures needed are described in the paragraphs that follow Editing Digital Recordings 1. Multiple Tasks: Able to edit and combine multiple tracks and then merge the tracks and export them in a final mix to a single audio file. 2. Trimming: Removing dead air or blank space from the front of a recording and an unnecessary extra time off the end is your first sound editing task. 3. Splicing and Assembly: Using the same tools mentioned for trimming, you will probably want to remove the extraneous noises that inevitably creep into recording. 4. Volume Adjustments: If you are trying to assemble ten different recordings into a single track there is a little chance that all the segments have the same volume. 5. Format Conversion: In some cases your digital audio editing software might read a format different from that read by your presentation or authoring program. 6. Resampling or downsampling: If you have recorded and edited your sounds at 16 bit sampling rates but are using lower rates you must resample or down sample the file. 7. Equalization: Some programs offer digital equalization capabilities that allow you to modify a recording frequency content so that it sounds brighter or darker. 8. Digital Signal Processing: Some programs allow you to process the signal with reverberation, multitap delay, and other special effects using DSP routines. 9. Reversing Sounds: Another simple manipulation is to reverse all or a portion of a digital audio recording. Sounds can produce a surreal, other wordly effect when played backward. 10. Time Stretching: Advanced programs let you alter the length of a sound file without changing its pitch. This feature can be very useful but watch out: most time stretching algorithms will severely degrade the audio quality.

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3.A Write a note on i. Scanner ii. Animation iii. Clipart images iv. Graphic Images

2006.8.ii 2006.3.B.i

3.A .iii. Clipart images The term clip art as it is used today refers to an electronic image or graphic. Clip art pictures and illustrations have a wide variety of uses, including fliers, advertising, scrapbooking, desktop publishing, and printed publications. Computer graphics come in a nearly limitless number of categories and types. Cartoons, borders, backgrounds, sketches, and photo clips are all broadly referred to as clip art, and are available from numerous sources. The electronic pictures may come bundled with software, are available for both free and paid download from the Internet, or can be purchased on CD or DVD. Historically, clip art illustrations were physically cut out of printed books. As computers became more common and affordable, manual methods of printing and publishing evolved into an electronic process. It was no longer necessary to clip images by hand and use them to lay out materials to be reproduced or published. The name clip art remained, and continues to be used, even though the old clipped images have been replaced by computer graphics. An individual who needs to utilize electronic images can find them available in numerous places. The small illustrations often come bundled with software used for drawing, word processing, scrap booking, and other pursuits related to writing, designing, or publishing. They can also be downloaded from a huge variety of websites on the Internet. Many images are available for free, while others require a fee. A person wishing to purchase a collection of computer graphics can also find them on CD or DVD. Clip art is available in two different forms: bitmap, and vector. Bitmap (BMP) images are widely used and encompass common file formats such as Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG). They are rectangle-shaped images at a fixed resolution. Bitmaps are composed of black and white or colored pixels, and can become grainy or blurry when enlarged. The second type of clip art file is known as a vector. Vector files utilize a mathematical formula to display the shapes, colors, and lines of an image without the use of pixels. They can be scaled to any size without becoming distorted or grainy, and will generally produce graphics of a superior quality when compared to bitmap file formats. The only drawback is that a person needs professional-level image editing or publishing software in order to utilize vector clip art files. Electronic images can also be designed to move, blink, sparkle, and perform a host of other similar functions. Animated clip art is a novelty often found on web pages and in e-mail. Like regular, fixed computer graphics, animated images are available to be downloaded, and can be offered either free or at a purchase price. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 99

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3.A .iv. Graphic Images Graphic Images graphic image types are generally broken down into two basic categories: raster graphics and vector graphics. Raster graphic are usually continuous tone images. Like photographs, that are not delineated into precise shapes with smooth edges. but ace built up as a series of pixels, like a painting. the pixels blend together to form the illusion of a single image. The Buffered image class is a structure designed to handle raster graphics. vector graphics are usually simpler images. in terms of number of colors and detail. They have distinct parts, each delineated with a concise edge. while raster graphics are a matrix of the actual pixels displayed on the screen (or an approximation), vector graphics are mathematically described shapes, with color fills, strokes, and other rendering attributes. vector graphics can require much less memory compared to raster graphics, as they represent the plots of mathematical expressions? Since the computer is really a glorified calculator, it grooves on equations. but havi in? to keep track of millions of pixels in real time is more demanding Ultimately though. in the rendering process to the screen, eventually everything must be converted to screen pixels. However, before the screen rendering, vector graphics ace able to be stored as simple expressions, rather than large arrays of RGBA color values, as with raster graphics. Raster and vector graphics each have their strengths and weaknesses, and are generally utilized for different purposes. raster graphics image, or bitmap, is a data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels, or points of color, viewable via a monitor, paper, or other display medium. Raster images are stored in image files with varying formats A bitmap corresponds bit-for-bit with an image displayed on a screen, generally in the same format used for storage in the display's video memory, or maybe as a device-independent bitmap. A bitmap is technically characterized by the width and height of the image in pixels and by the number of bits per pixel (a color depth, which determines the number of colors it can represent). The printing and prepress industries know raster graphics as contones (from "continuous tones") and refer to vector graphics as "line work". Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon(s), which are all based on mathematical equations, to represent images in computer graphics. There are instances when working with vector tools and formats is the best practice, and instances when working with raster tools and formats is the best practice. There are times when both formats come together. An understanding of the advantages and limitations of each technology and the relationship between them is most likely to result in efficient and effective use of tools. Solved by SURESH the SUN, lecturer at BCA dept, SG College Campus, Koppal. Oct, 2011 - pg. no: 100

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4.A

Explain the multimedia authoring tools

2006.5.A.i

4.B

How to setup multimedia system configuration?

2006.5.B

5.A

Explain briefly about the windows platforms that supports multimedia

2006.6.B

5.B

What is the role of internet in multimedia?

2008.7.A

6.A

i. What is menu? ii. What are essential things to follow for its creation?

OUT OF SYLLABUS It’s a VB question

6.B

i. What is an image? ii. Explain the source of graphic images.

OUT OF SYLLABUS It’s a VB question

7.A

i. Define array. ii. Explain types of array with example.

OUT OF SYLLABUS It’s a VB question

7.B

Explain the windows application wizards.

OUT OF SYLLABUS IT’S A VB ?

8.A

Explain the form and ii. its properties

OUT OF SYLLABUS It’s a VB question

8.B

i. What is an integrated development environment? ii. Explain how VB can use as an IDE?

OUT OF SYLLABUS It’s a VB question

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