Mud Logging Introduction Without Mud Logging Knowledge

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Welcome to CNLC

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

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CNLC Introduction

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Mud Logging Introduction

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Equipment Introduction

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Jobs at field

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

CNLC Introduction CNLC, providing well bore technical services in international market, mainly engaged in: • Wireline logging, mud logging, well testing, well completion, perforating and other relevant engineering services. • Geophysical and Geological research & development.

Wireline Logging

Acid/Fracture

Well Testing

MWD/LWD

Workover

Mud Logging

Reservoir evaluation

Perforation

Coiled Tubing

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services Well Testing

Workover/ Completion

Reservoir Evaluation

Wireline Logging

Bore-hole Integrated Services MWD/LWD Directional Drilling

MudLogging

Coiled Tubing

Acid/ Fracture

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Where do we supply our services? Iran

Kazakhstan PetroChina

Azerbaijan Syria Algeria Libya

Venezuela

Sudan

Pakistan

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

CNLC Operation in Sudan Wireline Logging: Year 1998 for GNPOC z Mud Logging: Year 2001 for PDOC z Welltesting: Year 2001 for PDOC z

Now we have operation for GNPOC, PDOC and CNPCIS.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Mud Logging Introduction z

What is Mud Logging?

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What are the Benefits of Mud Logging?

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Take a Walk through a Typical Mud Logging Unit

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

What is Mud Logging? Mud Logging provides subsurface geological information while drilling a well.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

What is Mud Logging? Mud Logging is the examination and analysis of geological information contained in formation cuttings and drilling mud to determine if oil and gas are encountered during drilling a well. Mud Logging also is used to provide critical safety functions such as determining pore pressures, kick control and ambient gas monitoring.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

What is Mud Logging? The service requires two to six people at the wellsite, a mobile laboratory unit, acting as the information center for the well and may include the electronic monitoring of drilling parameters and third party service provider data.

Communication is essential

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

What are the Benefits of Mud Logging? Mud Loggers analyze geological data and drilling parameters to identify and quantify potentially productive hydrocarbon reserves, subsurface formation porosity and formation fractures. Mud Loggers also analyze the drilling parameters in conjunction with the formation analysis in order to provide recommendations to improve drilling rates, reduce costs and enhance safety.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services Take a Walk through a Typical Mud Logging Unit

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services Take a Walk through a Typical Mud Logging Unit

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services Take a Walk through a Typical Mud Logging Unit

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

EQUIPMENT & TECHNOLOGY CNLC mud logging services are focused on adding value for our clients through the intelligent use of quality data. People are the number one factor in our success, however the technology and equipment which is at their disposal has played a very important role in building our reputation for reliability and quality.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services Logging Unit Unit dimension is 8 × 2.7 × 3m z Emergency escape hatch and double door airlock entry. z Safety system: smoke detector, poisonous gas alarm. z Two super air-conditions to maintain stable temperature within the unit. z Adequate working space is provided for Companyman z UPS System z Two extinguishers are equipped for fire. z

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services Geological Analysis The unit contains a complete set of geological analysis equipment including Stereo Microscope, Fluoroscope and some associated Parts, like sample bags, chemical, Sieves, etc.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Cloth bags and paper clasp sample envelopes

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services Data Acquisition system We use sensors to acquire the parameters, use online computers to monitor current rig activity. The unit also can transmit data in real-time to the operator’s office. An in-finite number of direct or calculated measurements can be monitored so that an alarm activates against a high, low and a rate of range.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services Logging Sensors z Drilling Speed (ROP) z z z z z z

Standpipe Pressure (SPP) Hookload (HL, WOB) Rotary speed (RPM) Rotary Torque (TRQ) Stroke Speed (SPM) Mud Flow out (MFO)

z Mud Temperate in/out (MTI/MTO) z

Mud Conductivity in/out (MCI/MCO)

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Mud Weight in/out (MWI/MWO)

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Pit Volume

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H2S

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services Drilling Speed (ROP)

Rotary speed / Pump Stroke Rate Sensor

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Rotary Torque Sensor

Pressure Sensors

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Mud Flow out

Mud Conductivity in/out

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Mud Weight in/out

Pit Volume

Mud temperature

Pump

mud

Pump Rate

Mud Density Mud Conductivity Pit Level

Depth Trace Standpipe pressure Hookload Rotary Table Rotary Torque

Pit Level

mud

Pit Level Pit Level Mud temperature Mud Density

Suction tank Mud Flow out

Mud Conductivity Pit Level

gas

Sensors Position mud

Mud Logging unit

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services Chromatographs and Gas detectors All mud logging units of CNLC use FID detector to detect hydrocarbon which are acquired from mud following in the ditch. This detector have high accuracy and sensitivity. Meanwhile, we use the integrator or wintegratortor automatically calculate acquiring digital total gas and chromatograph data for display, print, plot and storage.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Chromatographs and Gas detectors

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Jobs at Field 1. Working crew 2. Formation Evaluation 3. Monitoring for safety drilling

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services Working Crew z

Sample Catcher

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Mud Logger

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Data Engineer

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Sample Catcher Collect and wash samples as specified interval. z Pack and label ditch cutting samples z Make ready of cloth bags enough for next shift. z Clean the floor of the unit and keep it clear z Do other things specified by the team leader and mud logger z

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Mud logger z Lithology Description;

Update Materlog and reports; z Lag time check when necessary; z Help the data engineer to monitor real time data and status. z

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Data Engineer z

Analyzes drilling and logging data;

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Documents probable, hydrocarbon rich pay zones;

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As Team leader, to communicate with representative of Oil company and third parts companies.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

2. Formation Evaluation z

Build the formation profile of the well location, get the first-hand message of the formation

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Continuous total gas and chromatograph component detecting and analysis

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Lithology Description: Sandstone: color, fabric, grain size, roundness, sphericity, sorting, cementing, mineral, porosity, oil shows. Claystone: color, fabric, hardness, tenacity, rough calcimetry.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Examples: SST(70%): lt gy, v f-f gr, occ med gr, subang- subrnd, mod w srt, qtz, p-fr vis por, wi tr-5% blu wh fluor, 10％ strmg bl wh cut, no cut color, no res, p oil show. CLYST(30%): lt gy-med gy, occ dk gy, subblky-blky, mod hd, sl calc.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Lithology Description: From the Lithology description, we can know the following information of this formation: z Depositional environment (oxidizing environment / reducing environment) z Porosity and permeability (big or small) z Hydrocarbon bearing condition (good or not)

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Estimate of the Percentage

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Grain size card:

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Color Chart

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Shape of the cutting

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services porosity

Cement

Cuttings by Microscope

Poorly porosity

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Hydrocarbon Evaluation The order of hydrocarbon shows description is: z z z z z z

Odor (type and strength) Oil stain or bleeding (distribution, intensity, color) Sample fluorescence (percentage, intensity, color) Cut color fluorescence (speed, character, intensity and color) Cut color and intensity Cut residue (intensity and color)

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Oil Shows Description: z Oil

stain: percentage, type, color z Directly fluorescence: percentage, color, intensity. z Cut fluorescence: speed, patten, color. z Residue: percentage, type.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services Odor Odor may range from heavy, characteristic of low gravity oil, to light and penetrating, for condensate. Some dry gases have no odor. Report its strength as good, fair or faint. Staining and Bleeding The amount of oil staining on cuttings and cores is primarily a function of the distribution of the porosity and the oil distribution within the pores. The color of the stain is related to oil gravity. Heavy oil stains tend to be a dark brown, while light oil stains tend to be colorless.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Directly fluorescence under UltraViolet box

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Sample fluorescence Color: from brown through green, gold, blue, yellow, to white; in most instances, the heavier oils have darker fluorescence. Distribution: even, spotted, or mottled Intensity: bright, dull, pale, and faint.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Cut fluorescence under UV box

Solvent: Chloroform

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Solvent Cut Fluorescence z z

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Cut speed: an indication of both the solubility of the oil and the permeability of the sample. Cut nature: the solvent with dissolved oil may occur in uniform, streaming or blooming. A streaming cut also indicates low oil mobility. Cut color and intensity: After observing the sample under UV light observe the sample under natural light. The cut color observed in natural light is just called cut color (example: very light brown cut color or no cut color).

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Cut Residue: The solvent dissolves rapidly under the heat of the UV light, sometimes leaving a residue of oil around the cutting on the spot plate. The true color of the oil can then be observed. The intensity and opacity of color, especially of the residue, is an indicator of the oil density and the quantity of oil originally in the cutting.

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Another way to analysis hydrocarbon bearing -- Gas Analysis

If the formation bear the hydrocarbon, when the bit crash the formation, the hydrocarbon inside will flow out and mix with mud. Use the special equipment it can be broken the hydrocarbon away from the mud and analysis inside the unit. (See Drilling.AVI)

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Gas Analysis: Degasser (at gas trap)

Gas line

Chromatography

Sample pump

(in unit) Integrator

Computer

Recorder

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Chromatography

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Gas analysis process:

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Gas analysis process:

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

2.5s

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

3. Monitoring For Safety Drilling z Real time acquisition, processing and recording

drilling parameter z

Real time alphanumeric & graphic data display for safety drilling

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Real time monitor and recording the mud properties

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Engineering Parameters to log: z z z z z z z z z z z z

Total Depth ROP WOH Hook speed Hook height WOB RPM Rotary Torque Standpipe press Wellhead press. SPM & total Pump strokes

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Lag time

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Flow in/out

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Temp in/out

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Mud Weight in/out

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Resistively in/out

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Conductivity in/out

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Mud volumes

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Total gas and chromatography

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H2S / CO2

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-Exponent

Drilling Real-time monitor plo

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Difficult Hole Condition： z Mud loss (MFO ↘, pit volume ↘, SPP↘) z

Kick off (MFO ↗, pit volume ↗ , Gas ↗)

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Wear out (SPP↘)

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Bit teeth worn out (TRQ)

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Tight hole (Hookload)

Trip Monitor

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Trip monitor sheet Stands Trip tank Vol. Theo. Disp. Cumm. Theo. Act. Disp. Cumm. Act. Mud Loss/Gain Cumm. Loss/gain 3 (m3) Disp. (m3) (m3) Disp. (m3) (m3) (m3) No. (m ) 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.93 0.51 0.51 0.43 0.43 -0.08 -0.08 10 1.38 0.51 1.02 0.45 0.88 -0.06 -0.14 15 1.83 0.51 1.53 0.45 1.33 -0.06 -0.2 20 2.27 0.51 2.04 0.44 1.77 -0.07 -0.27 25 2.66 0.51 2.55 0.39 2.16 -0.12 -0.39 30 3.15 0.51 3.06 0.49 2.65 -0.02 -0.41

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Mud volume

Trip monitor sheet 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0

Theo. Act.

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10

20 Stands

30

40

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Wherever we go Whatever we do whoever we serve

It is Perfection that we pursue

China National Logging Corporation Mud Logging Technology & Services

Thank You