Download Ms 1184 2002 1 Code of Practice on Access for Disabled Person to Public Buildings...
MALAYSIAN STANDARD
MS 1184 : 2002
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CODE OF PRACTICE ON ACCESS FOR DISABLED PERSONS TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS (FIRST REVISION)
ICS: 11.180 Descriptors:
disabled persons, ambulant disabled, access, landscape, signs and symbols, facilities for disabled persons
© Copyright DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA
DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS The Department of Standards Malaysia (DSM) is the national standardisation and accreditation body. The main function of the Department is to foster and promote standards, standardisation and accreditation as a means of advancing the national economy, promoting industrial efficiency and development, benefiting the health and safety of the public, protecting the consumers, facilitating domestic and international trade and furthering international cooperation in relation to standards and standardisation.
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Malaysian Standards are developed through consensus by committees which
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comprise of balanced representation of producers, users, consumers and others
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greatest extent possible, Malaysian Standards are aligned to or are adoption of
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international standards. Approval of a standard as a Malaysian Standard is
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governed by the Standards of Malaysia Act 1996 (Act 549). Malaysian Standards
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are reviewed periodically. The use of Malaysian Standards is voluntary except in
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so far as they are made mandatory by regulatory authorities by means of
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with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. To the
regulations, local by-laws or any other similar ways. The Department of Standards appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop Malaysian Standards. The Department also appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent for distribution and sale of Malaysian Standards. For further information on Malaysian Standards, please contact: Department of Standards Malaysia Level 1 & 2, Block C4, Parcel C Federal Government Administrative Centre 62502 Putrajaya MALAYSIA Tel: 60 3 88858000 Fax: 60 3 88885060
SIRIM Berhad (Company No. 367474 - V) 1, Persiaran Dato’ Menteri P.O. Box 7035, Section 2 40911 Shah Alam Selangor D.E. Tel: 60 3 5544 6000 Fax: 60 3 4410 8095
http://www.dsm.gov.my
http://www.sirim.my
E-mail:
[email protected]
OR
MS 1184 : 2002
CONTENTS
30 31
Foreword …….………………………………………………………………………..
vi
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………. Scope …………………………………………………………………………………. Interpretation…..……………………………………………………………………… General……….………………………………………………………………………… Vehicle parking and access……..…………………………………………………… Pathways and ramps………………………………………………………………….. Main entrances………………………………………………………………………… Step ramps…….………………………………………………………………………. Door and doorways …………………………………………………………………… Stairs……………………………………………………………………………………. Lifts…..…………………………………………………………………………………. Escalators…….……………………………………………………………………….. Handrails……..………………………………………………………………………… Grab rails……..……………………………………………………………………….. Circulation spaces…….………………………………………………………………. Guiding blocks………….……………………………………………………………… Summary of toilet requirements..…………………………………………………… Water closets………………………………………………………………………… Urinals………….……………………………………………………………………… Shower facilities………..…………………………………………………………….. Washbasins and other facilities…………………………………………………….. Bath…..………………………………………………………………………………… Combined water closet and shower recess……..………………………………… Shelving and wall units….…………………………………………………………… Work surfaces……………………………….………………………………………… Projections, guard rails, openings and drops……………………………………… Finishes………………………………………………………………………………… Controls for use by disabled persons …………………………………………….. Signs and symbols……..……………………………………………………………. Announcements, signals and warnings for people with detective sight or hearing impaired…..……………………………………………………….. Landscape……...…………………………………………………………………… Hotel bedrooms………………………………………………………………………
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 10 12 14 14 16 17 18 21 22 26 26 28 29 31 32 34 35 35 36 38
Water closets for wheelchair users………………………………………………… Points for dispenser…….…………………………………………………………… Size of symbol for access for varying viewing distance…….…………………… Height of letters for varying viewing distances…….……………………………… Levels of illumination………………………………………………………………… Requirements for hotel bedroom…………………………………………………….
21 29 39 40 41 42
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Committee representation …….……………………………………………………..
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Page
41 41 42
Tables 1 2 3 4 5 6
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CONTENTS (continued) Page
22a) 22b) 23 24 25 26a) 26b) 27
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Maximum allowable camber for pathways and ramps…………………………… Profile of ramp………………………………………………………………………… Step ramp ….…………………………………………………………………………. Door openings towards access for wheelchair users …….……………………… Door opening other than towards access for wheelchair users …..…………….. Door glazing limitation ….……………………………………………………………. Stair for ambulant disabled …………………………………………………………… Configuration of steps …..…………………………………………………………….. Lift car requirement …….……………………………………………………………… Handrails ……….………………………………………………………………………. Coordinating dimensions for handrail grip ………………………………………….. Areas off circulation space …….……………………………………………………… Examples of guiding blocks …………………………………………………………… Examples of guiding blocks layouts ……..…………………………………………… General requirement for water closet ….…………………………………………… Combined water closet and washroom…………………………………………… Separate water closets for wheelchair user …….…………………………………. Separate water closets for wheelchair user …….…………………………………. Water closet for ambulant disabled …….…………………………………………… Urinals and grab rails …………………………………………………………………. Shower facilities ………………………………………………………………………. Location of washbasin and other facilities …………………………………………. Bath requirement ……………………………………………………………………… Combined water closet and shower recess ……..…………………………………. Configuration of unobstructed shelving and wall units for wheelchair users …… Configuration of shelving and wall units adjacent to work surfaces wheelchair users …….……………………………………………………………….. Configuration of unobstructed shelving and wall units for ambulant disabled persons ……..……………………………………………………………….. Configuration of shelving and wall units adjacent to work surfaces for ambulant disabled person ….……………………………………………………. Fixed work surface for disabled………..…………………………………………….. Heights of switches, general power, outlets and door handle …………………… Door handle and auxiliary rails locations …………………………………………… International symbol of access for disabled persons …….………………………. Example of sign and symbol indicating facilities and its direction………………. Example of sign and symbols with tactile additions for the blind …..………….….
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7a) 7b) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15i) 15ii) 15iii) 15iv) 16 17 18 19 20 21a) 21b)
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5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 19 21 22 23 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 31 32 33 33 34 34 37 38 39 39 40
MS 1184 : 2002
Committee representation The Building and Civil Engineering Industry Standards Committee (ISC D) under whose supervision this Malaysian Standard was developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations: Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia Chartered Institute of Building Malaysia Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia Department of Standards Malaysia Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia Malaysian Timber Industry Board Master Builders Association Malaysia National Housing Department Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia Public Work Department Suruhanjaya Tenaga The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
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The Technical Committee on Accessibility For Disabled Persons which developed this standard was managed by the Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) in its capacity as an authorised Standards-Writing Organisation and comprise of the following organisations:
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Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
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Dato’ Sayed A. Rahman bin Sayed Mohd/ Puan Zainon bt. Johari
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Encik Ismail bin Shariff/ Encik Lokman bin Darus (Secretary)
Social Welfare Department, Ministry of National Unity and Social Development, Malaysia Local Government Department, Ministry of Housing and Local Government
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Encik Fong Tian Yong/ Puan Mahani bt. Ahmad Aziz
Town & Country Planning Department, Ministry of Housing and Local Government
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Puan Hajjah Norasiah bt. Yahya/ Puan Kalsom Yop bt. Mohd Kasim
Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Asiah bt. Abdul Rahim (Chairperson)
Prof. Madya Norwina bt. Mohd Nawawi
Planning & Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia
Dr. S. Balasegaran
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kuala Lumpur Hospital
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zaliha bt. Omar
Medical Rehabilitation Unit, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya
Puan Ch’ng Gaik Bee
Kuala Lumpur City Hall, Architects & Special Project Department
Ir. Nah Teik Ong
Kuala Lumpur City Hall, Urban Transportation Department
Encik Wan Mohd Nor bin Wan Yaacob
Kuala Lumpur City Hall, Civil Works Department
Ir. Wong Loo Min
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Encik H.R.M Storey
Society of the Orthopaedically Handicapped, Malaysia
Encik Godfrey Ooi/Dr. Zakaria bin Osman
Malaysian Association for The Blind
Encik Mah Hassan bin Hj. Omar
Society of The Blind in Malaysia
Encik Mohamad Sazali bin Shaari
Malaysian Federation of The Deaf
Encik M. Shamugam
Society for The Deaf in Selangor & Federal Territory
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MS 1184 : 2002
FOREWORD This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Technical Committee on the Accessibility For Disabled Persons under the authority of the Building and Civil Engineering Industry Standards Committee Development of the Standard was carried out by the Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) which is the Standards Writing Organisations (SWO) appointed by SIRIM Berhad to develop standards for construction industry. During the development of this standard reference was made to : i)
AS 1428.1:1988 - Australian Standard Design for Access and Mobility. Part 1: General Requirements for Access-Buildings.
ii)
BS 5810: 1979 - British Standard Code of Practice for Access for the disabled to buildings.
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improvement of some figures and tables with some dimensioning changes; and
ii)
additional topics i.e. guiding blocks, landscape and hotel bedrooms.
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Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
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The main changes featured in this standard include :
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This revised standard supersedes MS 1184 : 1991 “Code of Practice for the Accessibility for Disabled Persons in Public Buildings”.
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MS 1184 : 2002 CODE OF PRACTICE ON ACCESS FOR DISABLED PERSONS TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS (FIRST REVISION) 0. Introduction Malaysia’s commitment to quality living among people with disabilities is extensively addressed in this revised code, which accordingly improves the provisions of the MS 1184: 1991 Code of Practice for Access for Disabled People to Public Buildings, and is now called Code of Practice on Access for Disabled Persons to Public Buildings. Pursuant to the spirit of the Proclamation on the Full Participation and Equality of People with th Disabilities in the Asia And Pacific Region to which Malaysia became a signatory on 16 May 1994, the review of the current Code of Practice is relevant. The standard has immensely contributed to the fulfilment of the goals set in the Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons 1993-2002 which aimed at systematically improving the living conditions of disabled persons and helping them to achieve their full development potential.
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Scope
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1.
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This standard concentrates on the essential provisions that need to be incorporated in buildings to ensure that they are conveniently usable by disabled persons. It does not pretend to be comprehensive.
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This Malaysian Standard specifies the basic requirements for elements of buildings and related facilities so as to permit access by people with disabilities.
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This revised standard covers the provisions that need to be incorporated in public buildings to ensure that they are accessible by disabled persons, thereby enhancing the integrative potential of disabled persons into the mainstream activities of society.
These requirements are applicable to all buildings that disabled persons may use as members of the general public, as visitors or for purposes of employment. Residential buildings will be covered in another standard. Building types to which the recommendations of the code may be applied include: a)
offices, banks, post offices, shops, department stores, supermarkets, hotels and other administrative and commercial buildings;
b)
rail, road, sea and air travel buildings and associated concourses, car-parking building and factories;
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MS 1184 : 2002 c)
hospitals, medical centres, clinics and other health and welfare buildings;
d)
restaurants, concert halls, theatres, cinemas, conference buildings, community buildings, swimming pools, sports buildings and other refreshment, entertainment and recreation buildings;
e)
religious buildings; and
f)
schools, hostels, colleges, universities, zoos, museums, art galleries, libraries, exhibition buildings and, other educational, cultural and scientific buildings; and any other buildings or any part thereof to which members of the general public has access, as visitors /occupants or for the purposes of the employment.
Buildings having less than 280 m² of floor area per level need not be required to provide vertical access for the disabled persons provided the ground floor is made accessible.
2.
Interpretation
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In this standard, unless the context otherwise requires:
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2.2 Ambulant disabled persons are persons who are able to walk but who may depend on prostheses (artificial limbs), orthoses (calipers), sticks, crutches or other mobility aids, and others who can walk but have sensory impairment such as the blind and the deaf.
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2.3 Circulation space means a passageway, corridor, lobby, hallway or ramp affording access between parts of a building.
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2.1 Access for disabled persons means a continuous unobstructed path of travel to or within a building capable of being negotiated by a person using a wheelchair or otherwise with limited mobility.
2.4 Disabled persons refer to people with a physical, hearing or sight impairment or any combination thereof, which affects their mobility or their use of buildings and related amenities. 2.5 Entrance floor means the floor at which the persons using the building normally gain entrance thereto but does not include any basement or utility area. 2.6 Guiding blocks are special tiles incorporated into the walking surface, and arranged in layouts for the guidance of the blind; they have raised markings on them which the blind can feel through their feet.
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MS 1184 : 2002 2.7 Landscape Landscape can be divided into: a) Soft landscape such as plants, shrubs and trees. b) Hard landscape such as furniture, lighting, dustbin or part of it any features for decoration, etc. 2.8
Signs and Symbols
a) Signs - refer to designs that help to indicate location or direction of places which have facilities for disabled persons. A sign has to be appropriately sized, effectively designed and located for the benefit of disabled persons, in the form of audio and visual presentation. b) Symbols - are graphical representation of the concept, and form part of the signs. Vertical access shall include:
a)
an internal ramp complying with Clause 5;
b)
a step ramp complying with Clause 7;
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d) any combination of a), b) and c); and
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c) a lift designed for carrying transport of persons complying with Clause 10;
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e) in the case of providing access for ambulant disabled, stairs complying with Clause 9 and escalators complying with Clause 11.
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2.10 Wheelchair users are persons who depend on a wheelchair for mobility. These include attendant propelled wheelchairs, powered wheelchairs and self-propelled wheelchairs.
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2.9
3.
General
3.1 Access for disabled persons to and within every public building approved by the relevant authorities pursuant to Uniform Building By-Laws or any act or regulations should be provided in accordance with this Malaysian Standard. 3.2 Access for disabled persons should be means of a pathway and ramp complying with Clause 5 or a step ramp complying with Clause 7 or a lift for the transport of persons complying with Clause 10 or any combination thereof, and should commence at: a)
the street alignment in respect of the site on which the building is located; and
b)
any car parking area on the same site (whether within or outside the building); or
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MS 1184 : 2002 c)
another building to which wheelchair access is provided in accordance with this section.
3.3 Access for disabled persons should extend: a) from the main entrance referred to in Clause 6 to any vertical access within the building; b) from the main entrance referred to in Clause 6 and from the vertical access to every floor level; and c) at every floor level, to all rooms and others places to which members of the general public have access, as defined in 2.1. 3.4 In public viewing area, in theatres, cinemas and grandstand and other similar spaces for wheelchair users should be provided in the proportion of 1 space to every 200 seats, or part thereof available to the public, with a minimum of 2 spaces for wheelchair users.
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3.5 In concert, conference and lecture halls, theatres, cinemas, religious buildings, an induction loop shall be installed which can be connected with the sound system for the benefit of people with impaired hearing using certain types of hearing aid.
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Vehicle parking and access
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4.1 Vehicle spaces for disabled persons should be provided in the proportion of 1 space to every 100 vehicles, or part thereof available to the public. 4.2 Parking spaces should be on the flat surface and not less than 3 600 mm wide. All types of vehicle driven by disabled persons may be parked in them.
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3.6 Except where otherwise provided, the dimensions prescribed in this Malaysian Standard including those in figures or tables should not be reduced by any stairways, doors stop, architrave’s, skirting, kerbs, handrails or other fixtures.
4.3 Flat access should be provided between each parking space and the adjoining walkway. If there is a change in level from the parking space to the walkway, a step ramp complying with Clause 7 should be provided. 4.4 Spaces for parking the vehicles of disabled persons should be adjacent to at least one entrance to the building that is visible and usable by them. 4.5 Parking spaces should be identified by a sign incorporating the symbol for access by disabled persons, in accordance with Clause 28. The sign should be readily visible from a vehicle at the entrance to the car park. Adequate guide signs should be provided to direct the disabled persons to the location of the space.
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MS 1184 : 2002 4.6 Disembarkation space near the main entrance to a building or complex is essential for disabled passengers. Guiding blocks leading to the main entrance should be provided.
5.
Pathways and ramps
1:40 max. b) Banked walkway, or ramp
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1:40 max. a) Crowned walkway or ramp
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Every pathway and ramp forming part of access for the disabled persons should:
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5.1
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a) have a clear width at every part of not less than 1200 mm;
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b) in no part have a gradient steeper than 1:12;
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Figure 1. Maximum allowable camber for pathways and ramps
c) the surface of the adjacent grounds to the pathways and internal ramps should be at the same level ± 10 mm; d) the camber of crowned or banked pathways and ramps should not be more than 1:40 in cross section as shown in Figure 1; e) wherever pathways or ramps join other walkways, ramps, driveways or parking areas, the transition should be effected without abrupt change of camber; and f) 5.2
pathways and ramps should have a non-slip finish in accordance with Clause 26. All ramps should :
a) be provided with landing rest areas not less than 1200 mm in length at intervals of not more than 6000 mm, measured clear as shown in Figure 2;
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MS 1184 : 2002
Figure 2. Profile of ramp
b) be provided on each side thereof with a handrail, which should be attached to an adjacent wall or a balustrade in accordance with Clause 12; and c) be provided on the open side with a kerb not less than 100 mm high.
6.
Main entrances
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6.2 At least one entrance usable by wheelchair users should be on a similar level to lifts where these are provided.
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6.3 When the main entrance of the building is not usable by the wheelchair users then a sign complying with Clause 28 directing to an alternative accessible entrance should be installed at the same entrance.
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6.4 Entrances and exits used by the sight impaired should be identified for them by guiding blocks.
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6.1 Every public building should have a doorway at the entrance floor providing access for wheelchair users into the building.
6.5 Door fitted with intercom, the height of the microphone should be between 1100 mm to 1300 mm and a special button for the hearing impaired should be provided. 6.6
Disembarkation space for disabled persons should be provided as in 4.6.
7.
Step ramps
7.1
Where:
a) the entrance floor or any other floor is not more than 215 mm above or below the adjacent street or finished ground level; or b) there is a change of level of not more than 215 mm within a building a step ramp, constructed in accordance with Figure 3, may be provided in place of a pathway or an internal ramp.
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Figure 3. Step ramp
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MS 1184 : 2002
7.2 Step ramps should begin at a level not more than 15 mm above the adjacent street or finished ground or floor level (as the case requires). 7.3 Step ramps should be located so that disabled persons have an unobstructed view of traffic approaching from any direction. 7.4 Step ramps should have a non-slip finish in accordance with Clause 26.
8.
Doors and doorways
Doors and doorways (forming part of access for wheelchair users) should comply with the following: 8.1 Every doorway except those to toilet facilities should have an opening of not less than 900 mm clear. In case of double leaf door, at least one leaf should have the minimum opening of not less than 900 mm clear. Building such as hospital and sport complexes should have the minimum of opening of not less than 1000 mm clear.
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MS 1184 : 2002 8.2 clear.
Every doorway to toilet facilities should have an opening of not less than 900 mm
8.3 Where a door opens towards access for wheelchair users, the circulation space should not be less than those as shown in Figure 4 including the notes thereto.
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a) Direct access for wheelchair users
b) Side access for wheelchair users
Figure 4. Door openings towards access for wheelchair users
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MS 1184 : 2002 8.4 Where door opens other than towards access for wheelchair users, the circulation space should have dimensions not less than those shown in Figure 5 including the notes thereto.
Direct exit or access for wheelchair users.
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a)
b)
Side exit or access for wheelchair users
Figure 5. Door opening other than towards access for wheelchair users.
8.5
Doors should open in the exit direction or be double swing in vestibules, air locks etc.
8.6 Sliding doors should be installed in place where a hinged door would hinder circulation or mobility. 8.7 Where revolving access or turnstiles are installed, it may be necessary to provide an alternative access for disabled persons. 8.8 If door glazing is required, the location of door glazing should be provided within the limitation in accordance with Figure 6.
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Figure 6. Door glazing limitation
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8.9 Glass doors or walls, and the like should be clearly marked at levels between 800 mm and 1500 mm above the plane of finished floor to avoid danger to people with defective vision.
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MS 1184 : 2002
8.10 Threshold to entrance doors should not be more than 10 mm and should be avoided in all internal doors. 8.11
For doors fitted with intercom device, refer to 6.5 (main entrances).
9.
Stairs
9.1 Stairs only provide independent access for some ambulant disabled. In addition to stairs, accessible ramps or lifts or both should be provided to give vertical access for all disabled persons in accordance with Clauses 5 and 10. 9.2
The total rise in height of any flight of stairs should not exceed 2000 mm.
9.3
Changes in level more than 180 mm and single steps should be avoided.
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MS 1184 : 2002 9.4
Treads and risers should comply with the following:
a) the dimensions of treads and risers should be uniform for all steps in any one flight;
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b) the line of nosing of the top step of a flight of stairs should not be closer than 300 mm to the point where an adjacent wall returns as shown in Figure 7a);
Figure 7a). Stairs for ambulant disabled
c) treads should have a non-slip surface in accordance with Clause 26; d) the nosing should have a radius of 10 mm to 15 mm and should be flush with the riser and should not be lapped more than 25 mm as shown in Figure 7 b); and e) projecting nosing and open stairs should not be used.
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MS 1184 : 2002
Figure 7b). Configuration of steps
9.5
Illumination levels for stairs and landings refer to 29.4.
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9.6 The top and bottom steps of any flight of stairs should not encroach on circulation space.
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9.8 No door should open directly across the top of the flight of stairs or swing so that it obstructs the top and bottom steps.
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9.9 Stairs should have handrails on both sides in accordance with Clause 12.
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9.10 The width between handrails on stairs should not be less than 900 mm as shown in Figure 7 a).
10.
Lifts
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9.7 Landing and floor levels should be distinguished from stairs either by contrasting colours, brightness or textures.
10.1 Every lift forming part of vertical access for the disabled persons should have an unobstructed depth in front of the lift doors of not less than 1800 mm. 10.2 It should maintain a floor level accuracy within a tolerance of 10 mm throughout the range of rated load. 10.3 The handrail in the lift car should not be less than 600 mm long at 1000 mm above the finished floor level and should be fixed adjacent to the control panel. 10.4 At least one lift car, adjacent to a public entrance that is accessible for disabled persons, should be designed as a lift for wheelchair users, complying to all the sub-clauses of this clause, and should have space for a wheelchair to be turned through 180° inside the lift in accordance with Figure 8.
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MS 1184 : 2002
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The lift door installation should provide the following:
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a) the lift doors should be power operated;
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10.5
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b) should provide a clear opening of not less than 800 mm in accordance with Figure 8; sensing devices should be provided to ensure that lift car and landing doors will not close while the opening is obstructed, subject to the nudging provisions which operate if the door is held open for more than 20 s; and
d)
if sensing devices as in c) above are not provided, the dwell time of an automatically closing door should not be less than 5 s and the closing speed should not exceed 0.25 m/s.
10.6
Lift controls should comply with the following:
a)
Controls should be clearly indicated and easily operated in accordance with Clause 27.
b)
Call buttons should either project from or be flush with the face of the car-operating panel. The width or diameter of the buttons should not be less than 20 mm.
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c)
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Figure 8. Lift car requirement
c) Floor buttons, alarm buttons or emergency telephone and door control buttons in lift cars and lobbies should not be higher than 1400 mm above finished floor level. The hearing impaired can use an alarm button and not the emergency telephone. An alarm button should always be provided, and preferably of a design which lights up and produce sound when pressed to reassure those trapped inside.
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MS 1184 : 2002 d)
All buttons should be so designed that the sight impaired can identify them by touch. Button not already so designed are best modified by fixing, embossed or braille numbers or letters, not on the buttons themselves, but adjacent to them.
10.7
Lift indicators should be provided in accordance with following:
a) 'Lift coming' or 'Call accepted' indicators should be provided at each landing. b) Indicators should be provided in each lift lobby to show the position and direction of the lift car; alternatively, an audible indicator should be provided to indicate in advance the arrival of the lift car and its direction of travel. c) An indicator inside the car should signal clearly the direction of travel and the floor at which the lift car is situated. d) Embossed and braille numbering indicating each floor level should be provided beside the outside call button.
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Where escalators are installed, lifts or ramps should be available as an alternative.
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11.2 The treads of escalators shall be easily distinguished from the floor and landing levels by contrasting colours, brightness and texture. Their surfaces shall be slip-resistant.
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11.3 To alert people with visual impairment that they are approaching escalators, a strip of suitable guiding blocks (refer Clause 15) of not less than 900 mm long should be laid on the floor leading to the embarking end of the escalators.
12.
Handrails
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11.1
Escalators
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11.
Pathways, corridors, ramps and staircases, which may be accessed by wheelchair users and/or ambulant disabled persons, require handrails: 12.1 Fixed not less than 840 mm nor more than 900 mm from finished floor level, extended in the case of ramp or stairway by 300 mm as shown in Figure 9.
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(a) Handrail on pathways or internal ramp
(b) Handrail on stairway Figure 9. Handrails
12.2 The grip should not be less than 40 mm diameter nor more than 60 mm wide and it should provide a secure non-slip grip as shown in Figure 10.
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Figure 10. Coordinating dimensions for handrail grip
Fixed securely with its ends turned away or turned downwards for not less than 100
12.4
So fixed that there is no obstruction to the passage of the hand along the grip.
12.5
Fixed not less than 50 mm and not more than 100 mm from any adjacent wall.
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12.3 mm.
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MS 1184 : 2002
12.6 Continued unbroken, if practicable, throughout each flight of stairs or along each pathway or internal ramp and around landing and rest areas. 12.7 Which should preferably contrast in colour to their supporting walls. 12.8 Which if located at staircases and ramps should be capable of carrying a minimum load of 100 kg and available on both sides.
13.
Grab rails
Water closets, urinals, bathtubs, showers and washbasins which may be accessed by wheelchair users and/or the ambulant disabled, require grab rails placed around these facilities: 13.1 Fixed not less than 750 mm nor more than 1200 mm from the floor, unless otherwise specified.
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MS 1184 : 2002 13.2
With an external diameter of not less than 30 mm nor more than 40 mm.
13.3 Projecting no more than 115 mm from the wall surface (except for back rest grab rails up to 250 mm), allowing the hand to grip the grab rail but not encroaching into the space required for assisted transfers. 13.4 Constructed with the appropriate materials and in a manner that can support a minimum of 100 kg at any point. 13.5
Preferably contrasting in colour with their supporting wall and not easily corrosive.
14.
Circulation spaces
14.1 Every circulation space, other than a step ramp complying Clause 7, forming part of access for wheelchair users should have a clear width at every part of not less than 1200 mm.
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Circulation spaces should not include any vertical change in level of more than ± 10
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14.2 mm.
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14.4 Where access for wheelchair users involve a change of direction to gain access to an area off a circulation space, the circulation space should have a width of not less than 1200 mm.
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14.5 The unobstructed space to be provided in an area leading off a circulation space should be in accordance with either of the alternatives in Figure 11.
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14.3 The minimum distances between the doorways in a straight line forming access for wheelchair users should be the width of the widest door encroaching into the circulation space together with 1200 mm, or 2000 mm, whichever is greater.
Figure 11. Areas off circulation space
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MS 1184 : 2002 14.6 People with impaired vision who find their way with sticks can most easily follow a plain vertical wall, and deep recessing should be avoided. Isolated pillars are also a hazard to them. The vertical corners of walls and pillars both inside and outside the buildings should be rounded off to reduce the risk of injury to them.
15.
Guiding blocks
15.1 Guiding blocks should be provided to assist sight-impaired people where they need either warning of dangers ahead such as obstacles and hazards, or guidance as to the correct route to follow for example : a) at the entry points to doors, entrances, location with change of levels including stairs, lifts, escalators, ramps and others obstacles or hazards; or b) layout of guiding blocks should be arranged at strategic points such as main entrances. A guiding block should meet the following requirements:
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15.2
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a) it must be detectable underfoot;
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c) it must be of durable non-slip material; and
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d) it must be contrast in colour with adjacent surfaces.
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15.3 The blocks forming a guiding block of the layout should be set adjacent to one another with the base level of their upper surfaces flush with that adjacent footpath or carriageway. They must adhere firmly with the base material below. Regular inspection, maintenance and repairs should be carried out specifically of guiding blocks.
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b) it must be easily installed and maintained;
15.4
There are two types of blocks bearing different kinds of raised marking:
a) Line-type blocks, as in Figure 12 a), indicate the correct route to follow, namely that in which the lines point. b) Dot-type blocks, as in obstacle, drop-off and to warn of a used within any dimension.
Figure 12 b), give a warning signal. They are used to screen off an or other hazard; to discourage movement in an incorrect direction; corner or junction in the correct route. For either type, the blocks layout of guiding blocks should all be of similar design and
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a) Line-type blocks
b) Dot-type blocks Figure 12. Examples of guiding blocks 15.5 Where guiding blocks are used to warn of hazard, the distance between the hazard and the edge of the nearest block should normally be 600 mm; but at the dangerous drop-off such as a railway platform it should be 900 mm. Where used at doors, entrances, stairs, lifts, escalators and ramps, the distance to the edge of the nearest guiding block should be 300 mm.
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MS 1184 : 2002
a) Guiding blocks used at entrances
b) Guiding blocks used at stairs
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MS 1184 : 2002
c) Guiding blocks along corridors linking to stairs Figure 13. Examples of guiding blocks layouts
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Summary of toilet requirements
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15.7 Figure 13 shows how layouts of guiding blocks should be arranged at important points such as main entrances, stairs and turning point at corners.
16.1 In every public building to which access for disabled persons is required, water closets for wheelchair users should be provided in accordance with Table 1.
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15.6 The sides of blocks should not be less than 300 mm long. Their raised markings should be regularly arranged, and should stand out 5 mm to 6 mm above the base level of their upper surface; they should be 25 mm to 35 mm wide, and spaced with their centres or middle lines 50 mm to 70 mm apart. Examples of blocks of suitable design and dimensions are given in Figure 12.
Table 1. Water closets for wheelchair users Number of water closets in the building 1 to 50
Minimum number for use by wheelchair users (i) One unit for use by both males and females; or (ii) One unit for use by males only and another one for females only.
51 to 100
(i) Two units for use by both males and females; or (ii) One unit for use by both males and females, one for use by males only, and another one for females only
More than 100
(i) As for 51 to 100; together with (ii) 0ne unit for use by both males and females for each additional 50 water closets or part thereof in excess of 100 water closets.
NOTE. The unisex water closet is recommended in areas used by the general public, e.g. shopping centres, hotels and the like where a disabled person may be accompanied by an attendant of the opposite sex. This type of toilet facility should be a public facility located so that access to it does not necessitate traversing an area reserved for one sex only.
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MS 1184 : 2002 16.2 If in buildings used by the general public (see note to Table 1) such water closets are not provided on all floors, then notices (see Clause 28) should be displayed at the toilets and lifts on other floors saying where they are located. 16.3 Where appropriate other toilet facilities for the disabled should be provided according to Clauses 18 and 20.
17.
Water closets
17.1
Water closets for wheelchair users should comply with the following:
a) In every public building required under 16.1 to be provided for water closets for use by wheelchair users, the water closets should be accompanied by an unobstructed area having dimensions not less than those shown in Figure 14, but the layout of the water closet and unobstructed area may be reversed in plan (mirror image).
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as a combined water closet and washroom as shown in Figure 15 i); or
ii)
as water closets for use by men or women. In this case separate washing facilities are to be provided together with the water closets as shown in Figure 15 ii), where the washbasin is to be located within the unobstructed area or common facilities outside the water closets.
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b) The water closets should be provided either:
Figure 14. General requirement for water closet
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MS 1184 : 2002
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Figure 15 i). Combined water closet and washroom
Figure 15 ii). Separate water closets for wheelchair user
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MS 1184 : 2002
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Where two or more water closets are provided for wheelchairs in the same public building, at least one such closet and accompanying unobstructed area should be reversed in plan (mirror image) to the other closet.
d)
Every door to a room containing a water closet for wheelchair users should:
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c)
i)
be provided with a lever-action type indicator bolt so design that the door can be opened at any time from the outside, and
ii)
if a hinged door, open away from the water closets and be hinged on the side furthest from the closet and located in the position shown in Figure 15 i) or Figure 15 ii).
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Figure 15 iii). Separate water closets for wheelchair user
e) Every room containing a water closet for wheelchair users should have grab rails as Clause 13. f)
The flushing control for the water closet should be located not more than 1000 mm above the finished floor level and be activated by a downward operating lever, push button or any other convenient system.
g) A tap with a flexible hose or other cleaning device which can be used for personal cleansing, and a toilet paper holder, should be provided with each water closet within easy reach of the users as shown in Figure 15 iii). h) The design of the water closets pan should allow a wheelchair with its footrest raised to approach from the front until the wheelchair seat touches the closet bowl.
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MS 1184 : 2002
It should also be possible for a wheelchair to back alongside the water closet on its unobstructed side until the two seats are in line.
j)
The water closets should be accessible by disabled persons from a main entrance, lift or other circulation space which is in accordance with Clauses 6, 10 or 14.
17.2
Water closets for ambulant disabled only should comply with the following:
a)
Except for the width of the unobstructed area, the requirements for a water closet for wheelchair users in accordance with 17.1b) ii) should apply to water closets for ambulant disabled.
b)
The configuration of a water closet should be in accordance with Figure 15 iv) and the notes thereto.
c)
Grab rails should be located on each side of the water closet and should also be of the configuration shown in Figure 15 iv).
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i)
Figure 15 iv). Water closet for ambulant disabled
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MS 1184 : 2002
18.
Urinals
Urinals provided to be used for disabled persons should comply with the following: Where wall-hung urinals are installed, at least one should have a lip height of 400 mm above the finished floor, and there should be no step or hob as indicated in Figure 16.
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a)
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b) Stall urinals
Urinals and grab rails
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Figure 16.
Where stall urinals are provided, they should be constructed without a step or hob, and at least one stall should be not less than 760 mm wide.
c)
Grab rails should be fixed to the wall or partitions of the urinals as shown in Figure 16.
19.
Shower facilities
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a) Wall hung urinals
19.1 In every public building where showers are provided for use by wheelchair users or ambulant disabled persons, each shower should be accompanied by an unobstructed area having dimensions not less than those shown in Figure 17 but the layout of the shower and unobstructed area may be reversed in plan. 19.2 The shower recess should not be separated by a door from the unobstructed area. If a drying space is required for dressing and undressing, it should be separated from the shower recess by a curtain or a sliding screen with a flush door track. 19.3 The dressing space should be fitted with a cloth-hanging device not less than 1200 mm nor more than 1400 mm above the finished floor level. 19.4 The floor of the shower recess should be a continuation of the floor of the unobstructed area, without a kerb, self-draining, water proof and non-slip. 19.5 A self-draining and non-slip fixed or foldable seat should be provided in the shower recess, and another in the unobstructed area, at a height not less than 450 mm nor more than 500 mm above the finished floor level.
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MS 1184 : 2002
Grab rails should be fixed to the wall of the shower recess as shown in Figure 17.
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19.6
Figure 17. Shower facilities
19.7 Soap holders should be fully recessed into the wall of the shower recess, located not less than 1000 mm nor more than 1200 mm above the finished floor level, and situated so that they are within reach by persons using the shower seat.
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MS 1184 : 2002
19.8 The shower controls and fittings should be located not less than 1000 mm nor more than 1200 mm above the finished floor level, and situated so that they are within reach by persons using the shower seat and by a carer from outside the shower recess. 19.9 A portable shower head attached to a flexible hose not less than 1500 mm in length should be installed in the shower recess, and a fitting should be provided to which the shower head can be attached at varying angles between 900 mm and 1900 mm above the finished floor level. 19.10
Thermostatic mixing valves should be installed for showers.
19.11 If a pole is used in conjunction with the portable shower head, the pole should be so constructed and installed as to be capable of being used as a vertical grab rail, and in such cases a vertical grab rail need not be provided.
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19.12 Where two or more showers are provided for disabled persons in the same building, at least one should be reversed in plan (mirror images) to the others provided.
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Washbasins and other facilities
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20.
a)
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20.1 Except as provided in Clause 17 for water closets, every washbasin provided for use by disabled persons should comply with the following: The washbasin should be wall-mounted to provide minimum clearance as shown in Figure 18.
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19.13 Every door in a room containing such a shower for disabled persons should be provided with a lever-action type indicator bolt attached to the inside, which is so design that the door can be opened at any time from the outside.
Figure 18. Location of washbasin and other facilities b)
Water taps should comply with Clause 27.
c)
Hot water supply pipes should be insulated.
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MS 1184 : 2002
d)
Water supply pipes and waste outlet pipes should not encroach on the required clear space under the washbasin.
20.2 Soap dispensers, sanitary disposal units, towel dispensers etc. provided with the facilities referred to in Clauses 17.1, 19 or 21 should be installed at a height not less than 900 mm nor more than 1000 mm above the finished floor level. The heights should be measured as shown in Table 2. Table 2. Points for dispenser Facility
Point from which measurement to be made
Soap Dispenser or Towel Dispenser
The discharge outlet of the dispenser
Sanitary Disposal Unit
The opening of the fitting
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21. Bath
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20.4 Where a cloth hanging device is provided together with facilities referred in Clauses 17.1, 19, 20 or 21, the device should be located not less than 1200 mm nor more than 1400 mm above the finished floor level.
In every public building where baths are provided for wheelchair users or ambulant disabled persons, they should comply with the following:
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20.3 Where a mirror is provided with the facilities referred to in Clauses 19, 20 or 21, the base should not be more than 1000 mm above the finished floor level and it should be tilted down by 5° to give complete visibility.
21.1 The bath should be accompanied by an unobstructed area having a dimension not less than 1800 mm on one side and at least one end. 21.2 The bath should have straight sides 480 mm high from the floor level, with flat tops not less than 75 mm wide and rounded at the edges, as shown in Figure 19. 21.3
Grab rails should be provided as shown in Figure 19.
21.4 Where two or more baths are provided for wheelchair users in the same building at least one should be reversed in plan (mirror images) to the other provided.
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MS 1184 : 2002
Figure 19. Bath requirement
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MS 1184 : 2002
22.
Combined water closet and shower recess
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Where a water closet, washbasin and shower recess are combined, the installation should be in accordance with Figure 20.
Figure 20. Combined water closet and shower recess
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MS 1184 : 2002
23.
Shelving and wall units
23.1
For wheelchair users:
Shelving and wall units for use by wheelchair users should comply with the following: The configuration of unobstructed shelving and wall units should be as shown in Figure 21 a) including the notes thereto.
b)
The configuration of shelving and wall units adjacent to work surfaces should be as shown in Figure 21 b) including the notes thereto.
c)
The vertical space between hotplate elements or burners and combustible material should not be less than 750 mm.
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a)
Figure 21 a). Configuration of unobstructed shelving and wall units for wheelchair users
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MS 1184 : 2002
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For ambulant disabled persons:
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Shelving and wall units for use by ambulant disabled persons should comply with the following: The configuration of unobstructed shelving or wall units should be as shown in Figure 22 a) including the notes thereto.
b)
The configuration of shelving or wall units adjacent to work surfaces should be as shown in Figure 22 b) including the notes thereto.
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Figure 21 b). Configuration of shelving and wall units adjacent to work surfaces for wheelchair users
Figure 22 a). Configuration of unobstructed shelving and wall units for ambulant disabled persons
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MS 1184 : 2002
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The vertical space between hotplate elements or burners and combustible material should not be less than 750 mm.
24.
Work surfaces
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24.1 Fixed work surfaces provided for use by wheelchair users where the arm rests of the wheelchair are removable should be in accordance with Figure 23 and have an unobstructed seating width of not less than 750 mm, within which there should be clear space at least 450 mm void.
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Figure 22 b). Configuration of shelving and wall units adjacent to work surfaces for ambulant disabled persons
Figure 23. Fixed work surface for disabled
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MS 1184 : 2002
24.2
Edges and corners of fixed work surfaces should be rounded.
24.3 Where transaction are done between staff and public across a counter, at least part of the counter should be lowered and constructed on the public side as a work surface for wheelchair users in accordance with this clause.
25.
Projections, guard rails, openings and drops
25.1 Hanging signs, lights, awnings and similar objects that protrude into circulation spaces should have a minimum clearance height of 2000 mm clear. 25.2 Windows or doors should not open across access walkways, corridors, stairs or ramps such that they obstruct circulation.
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25.3 Guard rails must be provided alongside any drop-off to avoid hazards to people with visual impairment and the public.
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Floor finishes:
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Finishes
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Floor finishes should have a non-slip surface with a texture traversal by disabled persons. The following finishes are acceptable. a)
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25.4 Openings of any forms whatsoever and any sudden drop of more than 75 mm from the floor level across walkways, corridors or any other means of access should be adequately indicated and protected in order to avoid hazard to people with visual impairment.
For wet locations including interior surfaces which are frequently washed:
-
concrete with abrasive or textured surface;
-
concrete with exposed aggregate finish;
-
bituminous concrete;
-
natural stone with rough finish;
-
paving bricks with special abrasive finish;
-
vinyl, specially formulated with embossed surface; or
-
rubber, specially formulated with embossed surface.
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MS 1184 : 2002
b)
For dry locations:
Including all materials suitable for wet locations, short pile carpet and smooth flooring materials such as the following: -
cork:
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linoleum;
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vinyl;
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timber;
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terrazzo; and
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any other similar material. Other requirements
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26.2
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Controls for use by disabled persons
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27.1 Locking and opening controls for windows and doors should be readily accessible, fixed not more than 1200 mm above the finished floor level, operable by one hand, and not obstructed by any fitting or appliances.
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Contrasting textures and colour and brightness should be used to emphasise obstructions or hazards such as ramps, radiators, exposed beams etc. Since red or green colour blindness is more common among people with low vision, red and green should not be chosen as a pair of contrasting colours.
27.2 Where there are disabled persons living in public buildings such as senior citizen homes or hostels, operating of windows should be made accessible to them whether manually or electrical aided. 27.3
Electrical fittings should comply with the followings:
a)
All light switches should be horizontally aligned with door handles and other fixtures and fittings not less than 900 mm nor more than 1200mm above the finished floor level in accordance with Figure 24 and not less than 500 mm from corners.
b)
The toggle, rocker, push pad or, push buttons of light switches should project clear of the switch plate and have a width not less than 10 mm.
c)
General power outlets should be fixed not less than 500 mm above the finished floor level and not less than 500 mm from corners.
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Figure 24. Heights of switches, general power, outlets and door handle
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27.4 One of any group of telephone for public use shall be designed for wheelchair and hearing-impaired users. Such telephone booths should not have any doors or steps, and if there are side-walls they should be at least 800 mm apart. The coin-slot, card-slot and dial or buttons should be no higher than 1000 mm above the ground and the dial or buttons should face forwards rather than upwards. A shelf should be provided where the deaf can place the keyboard of their telecommunication device. The shelf should be 300 mm x 300 mm in size, and placed at least 200 mm below the telephone.
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MS 1184 : 2002
27.5 Vending machines, automatic teller machines and other such facilities should be accessible to wheelchair users. The coin-slot, card-slot and buttons should be no higher than 1000 mm above the ground and should face forwards rather than upwards. 27.6
Water taps should comply with the followings:
a)
Taps should have long handles lever. The water should be delivered through a centre mixing bib.
b)
The taps should not be less than 50 mm away from the back wall.
27.7 Door handles and related hardware and accessories should comply with the following: a)
Doors should be operable with one hand. Handles or other operating deviser should not be less than 900 mm nor more than 1200 mm above the finished floor level and should be horizontally aligned with any adjacent light switches as shown in Figure 24.
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MS 1184 : 2002
Handles for hinged door should be made from non-slip material of lever action type as shown in Figure 25 a).
c)
The clearance between the handles and the back plate should not be less than 50 mm.
d)
Where a door closer is fitted, the pressure required to open the door should not be more than 36 N for external doors and 22 N for internal doors.
e)
An auxiliary handrail should be fixed closed for the handles to the door for easier manipulation by disabled persons and should be fixed as shown in Figure 25 b).
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b)
Figure 25. Door handle and auxiliary rails locations
28.
Signs and symbols
28.1 The international symbol of access is white on a background of light French blue or vice versa, as shown in Figure 26 a) below.
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MS 1184 : 2002
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Figure 26 a). International symbol of access for disabled persons. (the grid is for setting purposes only)
INFORMATION
SYMBOL
DIRECTION
Figure 26 b). Example of sign and symbol indicating facilities and its direction
28.2
The size of the symbol for access should not be less than those given in Table 3. Table 3. Size of symbol for access for varying viewing distances Required viewing distances ( m )
Minimum size of symbol ( mm )
0–7
60 x 60
7 – 18
Min. 110 x 110
> 18
Max. 450 x 450
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MS 1184 : 2002
28.3 Basic or minimum location for the signs are external parking areas, pathways, all main entrance and other subsidiary entrances usable by disabled persons, the reception area, lift lobbies and within the lifts, toilets and emergency exits. 28.4 Additional required location for the signs will depend on the individual nature of the facility for example ablution area of the “surau” (muslim prayer room), cafeteria, information counter at the shopping complexes, wards area of the hospitals and special bedroom in the hotels. 28.5 The signs and symbols at a public building should together provide an adequate directory to enable disabled persons to identify the location of all existing facilities provided for them, especially the water closets for wheelchair users. 28.6 The size, type and layout of lettering on signs should be clear and legible and the height of the lettering should be not less than those given in Table 4 below:
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Minimum height of letters ( mm ) 6 12 20 25 40 50 80 100 130 150
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Required viewing distance ( m ) 2 3 6 8 12 15 25 35 40 50
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Table 4. Height of letters for varying viewing distances
28.7 Additional signs with Braille or embossed lettering can be use for the blind as shown in Figure 27.
Figure 27. Example of sign and symbols with tactile additions for the blind
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MS 1184 : 2002
28.8 For hotels and other public accommodation, it is recommended that the local authority, tourism development office or a voluntary organisation should compile a brochure listing those with facilities for disabled. Signs can be displayed outside such establishments, with the consent of their management.
29. Announcements, signals and warnings for people with defective sight or hearing impaired All public buildings should provide the following requirements : 29.1 Public announcement systems and emergency warning signals should be both audible and visible. 29.2 Should be clearly identified by illumination guide or guiding blocks surface for example nosing of staircases for either normal or emergency use.
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29.4 The illumination levels in the respective areas should not be lower than those indicated in Table 5.
Illumination (lux) 150 150 150 150 200 250 200-300
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Location Passageways and walkways Stairs and landing Ramps Lifts Toilet and locker rooms Counter tops General displays
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Table 5. Levels of illumination
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29.3 Where it is not possible to lock a door leading to a dangerous area, the hazards should be identified for the blind with a guiding block layout which can be supplemented by other methods such as fixing of indicators to the underside of handrails to indicate position of landing, knurling of door handles, raised letters immediately adjacent to the door handles etc.
30.
Landscape
30.1 Soft landscape and hard landscape should not obstruct the disabled at places in the main stream of circulation such as the lobby, entrances, foyer, corridors, staircases, courtyards, lounge, toilets, restaurant and indoor swimming pool. 30.2 Any decoration features which are located in the circulation area, should be surrounded by a temporary kerb and should be high enough to be conspicuous. 30.3 Any mannequin or decoration features such as the decor of festival theme in shopping complexes should have stable stands or bases with a minimum height of 450 mm from floor level when located in the circulation area.
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30.4 Any water features should be surrounded by a wall with a minimum height of 600 mm from floor level for the safety of visually impaired.
31.
Hotel bedrooms
All disabled persons who stay overnight in a hotel, particularly those who are travelling alone, require special features in the bedrooms and attached bathrooms which they use. Some of these features relate to structural design and some to furnishing. 31.1 Bedrooms for wheelchair user, and especially their bathrooms, will probably have to be bigger than those provided for other hotels guests, and should be planned for when the hotel is first designed. 1 % of the rooms should be designed for them, and equipped according to the requirements given in Table 6.
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31.3 However, if it proves more convenient at the time of designing and building the hotel, a single type of bedroom suitable for both groups of disabled persons may be provided instead. In this case 3 % of the rooms should be designed and equipped according to the combined requirements given in Table 6.
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31.4 Hotel bedrooms (designated at time of construction or renovation) for disabled persons should be :
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a) preferably on ground floor near exit;
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31.2 Bedrooms for ambulant disabled, who include the blind and deaf as well as those who use walking aids, can probably be of the same size and standard design as those for other hotel guest, but require special furnishing and fittings. 2.5 % of the rooms should be equipped for them according to the requirements given in Table 6.
b) preferably nearer to a fire exit; and c)
identified by the hotels management system. Table 6. Requirements for hotel bedroom Table 6 a). For wheelchair user
Bathroom
i) A combined toilet and washroom of special design, with water closet, wash basin and either a bath or shower with fixed seat (see Clauses 16, 17, 17.1). ii) At the door from bedroom there should not be any raised threshold to jump over; while the drop down should be minimal and ramped rather than vertical.
Furniture
i) The high and low limits of wheelchair user's reach (see 23.1) must be remembered for furniture provided whether built-in or installed later. For example rails to hang clothing, drawers and shelves should be at height within easy reach. ii) Table top, refer to Clause 24 and for mirror refer to 20.3.
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Table 6 a). For wheelchair user (continued) Fixtures
i) Switches, plugs, telephone, window fastening etc. should be placed within easy reach (refer to Clause 27).
Bed
i) For ease of transfer the height of the made-up bed should be about the same as the wheelchair seat with cushion (450 mm-550 mm). ii) To assist movement when on the bed, a 'monkey pole' or similar device should be installed on request.
Layout
i) There should be no step at the door into the corridor. Within the bedroom there should be ample floor space for the wheelchair to shunt, turn, and come alongside the bed for transfer (see Clause 14).
i)The size of balcony should be big enough for wheelchair users to manoeuvre. Refer to bathroom item (ii) above.
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ii) The height of balcony railing should not be less than 900 mm.
i) The water closet should be according to 17.2.
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Table 6 b). For ambulant disabled
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ii) Taps should have central mixer outlets, and hot pipes should be lagged for safety for the blind. iii) The floor should be of non-slip material.
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ii) Some wheelchair users are accustomed to doing their transfers (bed, bath etc.) from one side and some from the other; so it is good to have such rooms available in two mirror-image versions.
iv) Where the floor space is large, those using artificial leg or calipers require: a)
shower chair with castors; and
b) grab rails with which to manoeuvre it or wheelchair for shower.
Furniture
i) Avoid sharp corners for the safety of the blind (see 23.2).
Fixtures
i) Door handle, switches etc. (refer to Clause 27).
Signals
i) The door bell, besides ringing, should actuate a flashing light for the deaf to see. ii) Regarding the fire alarm requirement, the fire authority should be consulted.
Outside
i) On the outside of the door, within easy reach, there should be an embossed or Braille number which the can sight impaired can feel.
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