Motores y Generadores Síncronos

 

2Chvgstcob`cðh Mjtjrgs y Oghgrbnjrgs Píh`rjhjs

Brougddj Vjnríougz _cddcbm @lbrrcs Fugdvbs Dgjhbrnj Gs`jfbr Muòjz ^jmbs Dgouczbmðh Vjnríougz Iljh

@jrpjrb`cðh Whcvgrscnbn Whcvgrscnbn ng db @jstb Choghcgríb Gdã`trc`b Mbquchbs gdã`trc`bs CC Fbrrbhqucddb 6;62

 

cc ^bfdb ng `jhtghcnj Chtrjnu``cðh................................................................................................................................. ....2 Mjtjr síh`rjhj............................................................................................................................. ....2 @jmpjhghtgs ngd mjtjr síh`rjhj............................................................................................... ....6 @urvbs `brb`tgrístc`bs ng djs mjtjrgs síh`rjhjs ....................................................................... ....0 @urvb pbr-vgdj`cnbn..............................................................................................................0 @urvb `brb`tgrístc`b b pbr `jhstbhtg ng mjtjrgs síh`rjhjs..............................................> @urvb `brb`tgrístc`b ng pjtgh`cb gh euh`cðh ngd âhoudj pbr ...... ............. ............... .............................. ........................5 ..5 @urvbs gh "U" pbrb mjtjrgs síh`rjhjs...............................................................................? [rj`gncmcghtj pbrb ngtgrmchbr dbs `urvbs gh "U" pbrb mjtjrgs síh`rjhjs...................< Oghgrbnjrgs síh`rjhjs................................................................................................................ ..2; @urvbs `brb`tgrístc`bs ng djs oghgrbnjrgs síh`rjhjs................................................................ ..22 Ujdtbig chtgrhj oghgrbnj pjr uh oghgrbnjr síh`rjhj ......................................................22 @brb`tgrístc`b ng `jrtj`cr`uctj (P@@) ng uh oghgrbnjr síh`rjhj...................................26 @urvbs ng rgoudb`cðh ngd oghgrbnjr síh`rjhj ...................................................................20 @brb`tgrístc`bs ng erg`ugh`cb-pjtgh`cb y ng vjdtbig-pjtgh`cb rgb`tcvb ng uh oghgrbnjr síh`rjhj.....................................................................................................................................2> Bpdc`b`cðh ng djs mjtjrgs síh`rjhjs ........................................................................................... ..2? @jh`duscðh............................................................................................................................66 Fcfdcjorbeíb...........................................................................................................................60 Vgvcscðh ng brtí`udj gh fbsg gspg`cbdczbnb ........................................................................67

 

ccc Hjmfrg ngd brtí`udj..................................................................................................................... ..67 Butjrgs ngd brtí`udj...................................................................................................................... ..67 Vgsumgh........................................................................................................................................ ..65 @jh`duscjhgs................................................................................................................................. ..65 NJC................................................................................................................................................ ..6? Duobr ng pufdc`b`cðh................................................................................................................... ..6? Eg`lb ng `jhegrgh`cb.................................................................................................................... ..6? Eg`lb ng bnc`cðh b CGGG \pdjrg................................................................................................. ..6? Gnctjrcbd........................................................................................................................................ ..6? Duobr ng `jhegrgh`cb................................................................................................................... ..6? Gvcngh`cb ng fùsqugnb................................................................................................................ ..6< Cmpb`tj ngd brtí`udj y `ctb`cjhgs ................................................................................................ ..6< Vgegrgh`cbs.................................................................................................................................... ..6<

 

2

Chtrjnu``cðh

Dbs mbquchbs síh`rjhbs, `jmj `ubdqucgr jtrj `jhvgrtcnjr gdg`trjmg`âhc`j ng db ghgroíb, gstâh sjmgtcnbs bd prch`cpcj ng rg`cprj`cnbn gdg`trjmbohãtc`b, puncghnj euh`cjhbr tbhtj gh rãocmgh oghgrbnjr `jmj gh rãocmgh mjtjr. Pch gmfbroj, gh db prâ`tc`b ng n g dbs chstbdb`cjhgs gdã`trc`bs gs mâs erg`ughtg su gmpdgj `jmj oghgrbnjrgs, pbrb prjnu`cr ghgroíb gdã`trc`b ng `jrrcghtg bdtgrhb (bdtgrhbnjrgs) gh dbs `ghtrbdgs gdã`trc`bs b pbrtcr ng eughtgs prcmbrcbs ng ghgroíb lcnrâudc`b, tãrmc`b j hu`dgbr. Dbs erg`ugh`cbs chnustrcbdgs ng dbs tghscjhgs oghgrbnbs js`cdbh ghtrg djs 7; Lz gh Gurjpb y 5; Lz gh orbh pbrtg ng Bmãrc`b. @ubhnj trbfbib `jhvcrtcghnj db ghgroíb gdã`trc`b gh mg`âhc`b, euh`cjhb `jmj mjtjr síh`rjhj. Gstjs mjtjrgs sg gmpdgbh gh bqugddjs b``cjhbmcghtjs chnustrcbdgs qug rgqucgrgh vgdj`cnbngs ng trbhsmcscðh `jhstbhtgs, tghcghnj bngmâs db vghtbib erghtg b djs mjtjrgs bsíh`rjhjs ng pjngr rgoudbr scmudtâhgbmghtg gd eb`tjr ng pjtgh`cb `jh gd `ubd trbfbib, dj qug gs ng n g orbh cmpjrtbh`cb gh `cgrtj tcpj ng chnustrcbs9 `gmghtj, mgtbdùroc`bs, gt`., yb qug sg gvctb db `jdj`b`cðh ng `jhnghsbnjrgs pbrb rgnu`cr db pjtgh`cb rgb`tcvb bfsjrfcnb  pjr db chstbdb`cðhQ @C^B^CJH Igs;< Td 0; Db vgdj`cnbn ng rjtb`cðh ngd mjtjr gstâ bsj`cbnb b db tbsb ng rjtb`cðh ng djs `bmpjs mbohãtc`js, y db tbsb ng rjtb`cðh ng djs `bmpjs mbohãtc`js bpdc`bnjs gstâ bsj`cbnb b db erg`ugh`cb gdã`trc`b bpdc`bnb, pjr dj qug db vgdj`cnbn ngd mjtjr síh`rjhj sgrâ `jhstbhtg sch qug cmpjrtg gh gstg `bsj db `brobQ @C^B^CJH @lb26 Td 0;. @urvb @urvb `brb`tgrístc`b `brb`tgrístc`b b pbr `jhstbhtg pbrb ncegrghtg ncegrghtgss gx`ctb`cjhgs (Eught (Eughtgg Brgs, 6;23).

 

5 @urvb `brb`tgrístc`b ng pjtgh`cb gh euh`cðh ngd âhoudj pbr

Mgncbhtg `cgrtjs `bmfcjs rgbdczbnjs gh db `brob ng uh mjtjr síh`rjhj, nghtrj ng su euh`cjhbmcghtj, gh gd `ubd, sc ecibmjs uhb `brob bd gig ng uh mjtjr síh`rjhj, gstg ngsbrrjddbrb suec`cghtg pbr `jmj pbrb mbhtghgr gd mjtjr y su `brob b vgdj`cnbn síh`rjhb. Pc ddgobsg b prjnu`crsg uh `bmfcj gh nc`lb `brob gd mjtjr síh`rjhj tbmfcãh sgrâ `bpbz ng mbhtghgr db vgdj`cnbn. Pc sg ch`rgmghtb db `brob gh gd gig, gh uh prch`cpcj gd rjtjr vb b pgrngr vgdj`cnbn. Bsí uhb vgz rgnu`cnb db vgdj`cnbn, gd âhoudj ng pbr sg ch`rgmghtb bumghtb bsí db  pjtgh`cb mg`âhc`b prjnu`cnb pjr gd mjtjr. Ng gstb mbhgrb, gd mjtjr vugdvg b euh`cjhbr b su vgdj`cnbn chc`cbd, pgrj `jh uh âhoudj ng pbr mbyjr. mbyjr. Gh `bsj `jhtrbrcj njhng sg prgs prgsghtg ghtg uh ng`rg`cmcghtj ng db `brob gh gd gig, sg prjnu`crâ gd geg`tj `jhtrbrcj. Db vgdj`cnbn sg ch`rgmghtbríb, pgrj gstg ch`rgmghtj sg vgríb `jhtrbrrgstbnj pjr uh ng`rgmghtj ngd âhoudj ng pbr. Gstg prj`gsj sg pugng jfsgrvbr rgprgsghtbhnj pjtgh`cb b`tcvb ngd mjtjr síh`rjhj gh euh`cðh ngd âhoudj ng pbr, b tghscðh g chtghscnbn ng gx`ctb`cðh `jhstbhtgs, jfsgrvbnj gh db ecourb 7.

 Ecourb 7. @urvb @urvb `brb`tgrístc` `brb`tgrístc`b b ng pjtgh`cb gh euh`cðh ngd âhoudj ng pbr (Eughtg B Brgs, rgs, 6;23).

 

? @urvbs gh "U" pbrb mjtjrgs síh`rjhjs

Gh db Ecourb 5, sg mugstrb uhb orâec`b ng  C  B (@jrrcghtg ng brmbnurb) vgrsus  C  E  (@jrrcghtg ng `bmpj) ng uh mjtjr síh`rjhj. Gstb orâec`b sg ddbm ddbmbb `urvb gh U ngd mjtjr sí síh`rjhj, h`rjhj, pjr db jfvcb rbzðh ng qug tcghg db ejrmb ng gsb dgtrb. Lby mu`lbs `urvbs gh U qug `jrrgspjhngh b ncegrghtgs ncegrghtgs hcvgdgs ng pjtgh`cb rgbd. Gh `bnb `urvb, db `jrrcghtg míhcmb ngd chnu`cnj sg prgsghtb `jh uh eb`tjr ng pjtgh`cb uhctbrcj `ubhnj sðdj sg sumchcstrb bd mjtjr pjtgh`cb rgbd.

 Ecourb 5. @urvb gh "U" ng uh mjtjr sí síh`rjhj. h`rjhj.

Gh `ubdqucgr jtrj puhtj ng db `urvb sg sumchcstrb bdouhb `bhtcnbn ng pjtgh`cb rgb`tcvb, yb sgb bd mjtjr j ngsng gd mjtjr. Gh gd `bsj ng `jrrcghtgs ng `bmpj mghjrgs qug gd vbdjr vb djr qug rgsudtb gh db míhcmb  C  B, db `jrrcghtg ngd chnu`cnj gstâ gh rgtrbsj y `jhsumg R. Gh gd ng `jrrcghtgs ng `bmpj mbyjrgs qug gd vbdjr qug rgsudtb gh db míhcmb  C  B, db `jrrcghtg ngd chnu`cnj gstâ gh bngdbhtj y sumchcstrb R bd scstgmb ng pjtgh`cb `jmj dj lbríb uh `bpb`ctjr. [jr dj tbhtj, sc sg `jhtrjdb db `jrrcghtg ng `bmpj ng uh mjtjr síh`rjhj, sg pugng `jhtrjdbr db pjtgh`cb rgb`tcvb sumchcstrbnb, j `jhsumcnb pjr, gd scstgmb ng pjtgh`cbQ@C^B^CJH Ptg26 Td 0;