Motor Control for Industrial Applications
© 2012 Altera Corporation
Introduction Matt
Engeriser – Arrow FAE
(763) 370-9327
[email protected]
Michael
Parker – Altera DSP Product Planning
(408) 544-8691
[email protected]
Eric
Cigan – MathWorks Product Marketing
(508) 647-7015
[email protected]
ATAC
DSP Resource
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Agenda Motor
and Controller Basics
[45 minutes]
Motor types and operation PID controllers
Park, Clark transforms and FOC
Motor
Control using FPGAs [15 minutes] Introduction to Mathworks HDL Coder [30 minutes] Break [15 minutes] Motor Control using HDL Coder [30 minutes] Introduction to DSP Builder Advanced Blockset [15minutes] DSPBuilder Motor Control Demo [30 minutes] Park-Clarke and PI control Implemented in both fixed point and floating point
Cyclone
V DSP Architecture
[15 minutes]
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Motor and Controller Basics
© 2012 Altera Corporation
Magnetic Flux
N
Φ is flux, in Webers A is area in meters 2 Φ A = B is flux density in Teslas
S
Magnetic Fields exist as Lines of Force
1M 1M
Discovered in mid-1800s (Michael Farady) Nikola Tesla described Flux Density (inventor of the ACIM) © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
current
Right-hand Rule
•Current running through a wire creates a magnetic field •Interacts with other magnetic fields •Force is proportional to current flowing through wire •More Current = More Force •Reverse Current = Reverse Force © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
Back-EMF Uniform Magnetic Field bo
Back EMF Voltage
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Torque Components N
Torque (Nm)
Torque Curves for Induction Motor
N
S
300 Composite Torque
Reaction Torque 150
N
S
Reluctance Torque
N
0
S
S
Fig. A 0 degree alignment
Fig. B 90 degree alignment
-150 0º
90º Rotor/Stator Magnetic Field Alignment (degrees)
•Reaction Torque created by reaction between magnets on the rotor and stator •Reluctance Torque created by magnetic field reducing it‟s reluctance (or resistance), “Switched Reluctance Motor” •Both are a function of the alignment between stator and rotor •Minimum Torque (0) at 180 degrees (see figure above) •Maximum reaction Torque at 90 degrees © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
180º
H-Bridge
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Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
Blue Waveform – Motor Voltage Red Waveform – Filtered motor voltage
Controlling Voltage to the Motor is also known as Commutation PWM allows sine wave current profiles © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
Types of Motor Feedback •Control Loops Require Feedback Information for the Motor •Can Also Detect Fault Conditions
•Current Sensors •Shunt Resistor •Current-sensing Transformer •Hall Effect Current Sensor •Speed/Position Sensors •Quadrature Encoder •Hall Effect Tachometer •Back EMF/Sensorless
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Basic Control Loop
For motors, will be typically Speed and Position Control
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PID Control Loop
Adjustment of gain on each of the 3 legs is critical for stable performance © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
PID Controller “underdamped” P Error signal
Output
I
Σ
“just right” d dt
D
“overdamped” Proportional – Correction based on the amount of error (primary feedback) Integral – Correction based on accumulation of error (eliminate persistent error) Derivative – Correction based on rate of change of error (faster transient response) © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
Legacy DC Brush Motors Stator Rotor
Mechanical Commutation (no electronic switching)
•Stator is a permanent magnet •Rotor is an electromagnet; alternating direction of current causes rotation of motor •Disadvantages •Brushes Cause Sparking (noise) •Brushes Wear Out •Torque Ripple (reduces efficiency)
•Advantages •Cheap and simple! •Very Easy to Control
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DC Brush Motors (mechanical switching or commutating)
Torque Ripple
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Brushless DC Motors A
S
B
C
A
Current
N
B C
N C S
B Commutate Motor by switching on one set of coils at a time (not efficient)
A © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. continue and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
Commutating a BLDC Motor A
A C
B
N
B A
A
Torque
B
B
C
S C
C
B C
A
•Trapezoidal Commutation •Need to know anglular position of rotor •90 degrees offset for max torque •Need Feedback
Current
A
B C 0°
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Brushless Permanent Magnet Motors •Variation of a BLDC •Rather than “on-off” current switching, use PWM to create sinusoidal current waveforms PMSM or PMAC Motor
•Becomes an AC Motors (driven by AC waveform, sinusoidal commutation) •Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) •Also called PMAC Trapezoidal Waveforms © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
IPM Motor
Interior Permanent Magnet Motors
•Rare-Earth materiels used for rotor magnets •Generates both Reactance and Reluctance Torque •Larger Torque-per-Amp in a Smaller Package •More Torque Ripple at Low Speeds
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AC Induction Motors (slip → torque)
• Very Common for Industrial Applications • No Permanent Magnets • Very Efficient for High Power Applications (>500HP) • Stator Magnetic Field Rotates Faster than Rotor Magnetic Field •Asynchronous Motor •Difference in Speed is called Slip • More load = more slip. Slip factor affects • Torque • Efficiency on heavy loads • Power Factor © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
Field Oriented Control •Speed and Position Controlled by PI (or PID) •Torque Controlled by FOC •Under Load, Rotor Angle Lags Flux Angle •90 Degree Lag = Maximum Torque @ Current •More Current = More Torque
V (t r e a c t i o n )
Torque
2 00 V
1 50 V
1 00 V
5 0V
0 V
-5 0 V
-1 0 0 V
-1 5 0 V
-2 0 0 V 0 .0 s
-180º
0 .3 s
0 .6 s
0 .9 s
-90º
1 .2 s
1 .5 s
1 .8 s
2 .1 s
2 .4 s
2 .7 s
3 .0 s
0º 90º Rotor flux angle – stator flux angle
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3 .3 s
3 .6 s
180º
Clark Transform i t 32 ia t
ic(t) C
ia(t) A
ib(t) B
ib t
i t
3 2 b
i t
3 2 c
iβ(t)
iα(t)
forward reverse
ia t 23 i t
ibt 13 i t ict 13 i t
i t
1 b 3
i t
1 b 3
b B
ic (implied)
ib
ia C
© 2012 Altera Corporation
•Converts a three-phase system to a two-phase system •Results in a vector with orthogonal α and β values •Consists of 3 multiplies and one add
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A
Park Transform id i cos d i b sin d i
ib
iq i sin d i b cos d
iq id
forward reverse
Converts sine waves to DC waveforms
i id cos d iq sin d ib id sin d iq cos d
Process for 3 phase motor •Sample three motor currents •Perform Forward Clark to get a and b values •Perform Forward Park to reflect them on d and q axis •Current regulation of id and iq yields two correction voltages •Perform Reverse Park and Clark to get three voltages which are applied to motor windings
B
iq
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i b ref
is
id i ref
d
A
Park Transform Animation Notice that the X and Xb values change sinusoidally over time. However, the Xd and Xq values are DC!
Forward Park Transformation © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
ACIM FOC Control Note: Set id = 0 for PMSM
Commanded
(flux)
P +
+
id
(torque)
iq
Reverse Clark-Park Transform
P +
+
+
∫
∫
I id
Vq
+
-
+
-
I
∫
I
P
Commanded Rotor Speed +
ACIM
+
-
Commanded
Vd
iq
ia ib ic
Forward Clark-Park Transform
Phase C Current Calculation
θd id Commanded iq
Commanded
Slip
Slip Frequency + Calculator -
∫
θd Actual Rotor Speed
Control Diagram of a Variable Speed Control System Utilizing Field Oriented Control. © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
θd
Va Vb Vc
TI Dave’s Control Center
Benefits of FPGAs in Motor Control applications
© 2012 Altera Corporation
What Drives The Drives Market?
WW Electricity consumption will rise by 76% from 2007-2030 Increased need for automation equipment
64% of electricity consumed in industry Motors
90% of the Motor lifetime cost is in energy bills
A Drive can save up to 40% in energy consumption of a Motor
Energy Savings = Factory Profits Source: Sustainability Guide, ABB, 2009 © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S. 28
Fast Control Loops Improves Motor Efficiency Drive Operation: Read → Calculate → Send
t
Apply „new power value“
Implementation µC or DSP
Algorithm Control Loop
FPGA
t
Motor energy consumption
~65 µs
Medium
5 µs
Very low
Read „energy needed“ from motor
Fast Control Loop = Lower Motor Energy Consumption © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S. 29
Challenges for Drive Manufacturers
Performance Improvements
Differentiation While Lowering Costs
Tighter control loops
Support for Industrial Ethernet protocols
Integrate functions with less components
Leverage model-based design flow
HW/SW acceleration
Multiple motor types; multi-axes control
Challenge Across All Types of Drives © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S. 30
Implementing Functional Safety
Understanding & simplifying Functional Safety qualification
Cost overhead and time to market impact
Integrated Drive Control With The Drive-On-A-Chip Framework NIOS-II or ARM
Drive On A Chip Features
Function
FPGA Differentiator
Embedded high performance processor
Task oriented & Real-time operation asynchronously
Performance beyond MCU/DSP
Motor Control Algorithm
118 LUT4s, 121 MHz 1 stage pipeline => 175 LUT4s, 286MHz
5 stage pipeline => 350 LUT4s, 581 MHz
Simply enter desired System Clock Frequency, No need to change model
+
=
50-bit adds
Timing driven synthesis produces small or fast RTL from same model © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S. 40
Automatically Creates HDL to Meet Fmax
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Design Behaviorally
No need for knowledge of silicon features Multi-channel by parameterization
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Zero Latency Blocks
Blocks are behavioural in nature What to do, not When to do it Focus on signal flow representation
Much easier debug and modify without pipeline
Behavioural input enables Optimizations © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S. 43
Math.h - SIN - COS - TAN - ASIN - ACOS - ATAN - EXP - LOG - LOG10
- LDEXP - FLOOR - CEIL - SQRT - 1/SQRT - DIVIDE
Implemented in Floating-Point © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S. 44
Simplifies Realization of Complex Equations
Complicated equation example:
d = (ln(S/L) + v*v*t/2 + rt)/sqrt(v*v*t) © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S. 45
Simplifies Realization of Complex Equations
Drop down blocks for operators… Floating Point !
d = (ln(S/L) + v*v*t/2 + rt)/sqrt(v*v*t) © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S. 46
Fixed and Floating Point in Same Model (single reduced precision coming in 12.1) Complex (c) = complex data path
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DSP Builder Primitive Folding
Folding
“Unfolded Hardware”
Function Units are underutilized
when the sample rate is less than the clock rate Time-division multiplexing technique
Automatic time-sharing of hardware Allows the user to create
simple, parameterizable primitive designs without wasting resources DSP Builder allows for multiple channels being processed per clock cycle
A B C D
+ × Additional registers
Additional muxes A C
z-1
z-1
×
B D
z-1 “Folded Hardware”
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×
+
Obtain Accurate Device Resources
No need for Quartus Compile to see FPGA resources
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Usability
Progress Bar
Design Checker Verification Model Wizard
Debug
Pause
Resource Usage Memory Map
Useful for single-stepping through Simulink simulations VCD sink © 2012 Altera Corporation Capture data to play through ModelSim
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Motor Control Reference Design Demo
© 2012 Altera Corporation
Design Flow
Model based design Toolflow MATLAB and Simulink Simulate/Model, Add Processor/Avalon Interface, Generate VHDL Qsys Integrate (DSP Builder, Processor, Interfaces, Networking) Quartus II Compile FPGA Software Integration Nios II Software Build Tools (Eclipse) Example „C‟ code Can switch implementation between hardware/software
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DSP Builder – Model motor control loop
Picture of FOC top level
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Looking into control algorithm - H/W & S/W partitioning
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DSP Builder – Add processor interface
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Folding Factor Advantage (Floating Point) Specification
No Folding
Folding Factor 50x
Addsub Blocks
18
1
Multiplier Blocks
13
1
Maximum Throughput
100 Msps
2 Msps
LE Usage
Multiplier Usage
Latency
2.0us 25
60
21kLE
56
50
20
40 15 10kLE
30
10 20 5
10
0
5
0 No Folding 50x Folding
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
No Folding 50x Folding
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1.0us
No Folding 50x Folding
Floating & Fixed Point Comparison Specification
Fixed 16-Bit
Fixed 32-Bit
Floating Point
LE Usage
2.4K
4.9K
9.7K
18-bit Multiplier Usage
1
6
5
Latency
0.92 us
0.97 us
2.03us
LE Usage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Multiplier Usage 10k
Latency
6
6 5
2.5 2.0us
5 2 4 5k
1.5 3 1
2
2.5k
1.0us
1
0.5
1 0 Fixed 16-Bit
Fixed 32-Bit
Floating Point
Fixed 16-Bit
Fixed 32-Bit
Floating Point
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0.9us
0 Fixed 16-Bit
Fixed Floating 32-Bit Point
Qsys Integration
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Quartus II Compile
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Software Integration Example „C‟ wrapper
Call to „C‟ wrapper or software implementation
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Drive On A Chip Framework Availability Stage1: Internal Validation
Stage2: CIV Dev System
Stage 3: CV Drive on chip
Stage 4: CV SOC Drive on Chip
Q4 2011
Q2 2012
Q4 2012
Q2 2013
Base Platform
EBV Mercury Code CIV
Terasic DE2-115
Altera CV Development Kit Board
Altera CV SOC Development Kit Board
Motor Control Daughter Card
EBV Falconeye System
Altera Motor Power Board
Altera Motor Power Board
Altera Motor Power Board
Motor Support
PMSM
PMSM
PMSM + BLDC
PMSM, BLDC, ACIM
EtherCAT Absolute Encoder
Eth/IP, EtherCAT
Eth IP, EtherCAT, Profinet
Eth IP, EtherCAT, Profinet, EPL, SERCOSIII
Completed Schedule
Connectivity © 2012 Altera Corporation
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Cyclone V DSP Variable Precision DSP Architecture
© 2012 Altera Corporation
Cyclone V Improvements
Now includes MLAB Small memory storage no longer requires block
memory 640 bit MLAB (10 bits by 64 deep, or 20 bits by 32 deep)
M10K DSP Block
Variable Precision DSP Low cost FPGAs now incorporate full featured DSP
architecture © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
18x19 bit Mode +/-
18x19
X
18 bits
18 bits
Input Register
18 bits
+ _
Feedback Register
18 bits 18 - bit
+/18 bits
+
Output Register
18 - bit
Bias Register
18 bits
X 18x19
Second accumulator feedback register for complex filters © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
64 bits
High Precision/Floating Point Mode
27x27
Output Register
Bias Register
X
+ Feedback Register
25 bits
Input Register
27 bits
25 - bit
+/25 bits
Second accumulator feedback register for complex filters © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
64 bits
Simple Multiply Modes 108
Cyclone V Variable Precision DSP Block
9
X 18
9
9
X 37
19
X
27
18
9
9
18
9
27 18
X 18
19
74
X 37
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X 54
Pre-Adder and Internal Coefficient Banks 108
25
18
+/-
X
18
19
18
74
Cyclone V Variable Precision DSP Block
+/-
26x22
48
25
19
18
18
X
X
+/-
18 22
C0
+ _
C1
38
X 18
+/-
X
18
19
X
+ _
18
+/-
X
+/-
26x27
38 18
19
53 25
25
27
C0
X
18
18
18x19 multiplier size allows use of 18 bit data while using preadder
X 27
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27x27 54 27
C0
Multiply Accumulate and Add Modes Cyclone V Variable Precision DSP Block
18
18
X
18
18
64-bit Acc
+ _
64
27
37
64-bit Acc
X 54
A* B +/- C 64
27
18
X
X
18
© 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
36
+ _
37
Two Block Complex Mode Cyclone V Variable Precision DSP Block Cyclone V Variable Precision DSP Block
37 REAL
18
IMAG
18 REAL
REAL
X
Complex Mult
18
IMAG
18
IMAG
37
© 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
Internal Co-efficient Register Banks 18-bits
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
27-bits
OR
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Dual, independent 18-bit or single 27-bit wide banks Both are eight registers deep Dynamic, independent register addressing Eases timing closure and eliminates external registers Enough coefficients for most parallel systolic multi-channel FIR filters
© 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
Variable Precision DSP Block Biased Rounding of Accumulator Results 0
63
0
62
0
61
+ 0
MSB
• Dynamically enable RND on 64 bit Accum result
= N
N-1th bit 1
N-1
0
N-2
0
1
0
0
RND Reg
Accum Reg
LSB
64-N Result Discard lower order bits
• Add ½ of LSB to Accum, then truncate • RND reg set to ½ desired LSB at compile time
DSP Block © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
18 bit Systolic Filter Mode Cyclone V Variable Precision DSP Block 44 bits 18
+
X
18
Systolic Register
18
+
X
18
Output Register
© 2012 Altera Corporation
44 bits
ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
44 bits
18 bit Systolic Filter with Pre-Adder, Coeff Cyclone V Variable Precision DSP Block 44 bits 18
18
+
X
+/18 C0
Systolic Register
C1
18 18
+/-
+
X
18
Output Register
© 2012 Altera Corporation
44 bits
ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
44 bits
27 bit Systolic Filter Mode Cyclone V Variable Precision DSP Block 64 bits
27
+
X
27
Output Register
64 bits
© 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
64 bits
27 bit Systolic Filter with Pre-Adder, Coeff Cyclone V Variable Precision DSP Block
64 bits
C1
27 25
+/-
+
X
25
Output Register
64 bits
© 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
64 bits
Cyclone V Direct Parallel Filter Block Diagram 18 bit precision 18x19
MLAB MLAB Coeff regs
18x19
MLAB MLAB Coeff regs
DSP Block
External Adder Tree
MLAB 18x19
MLAB Coeff regs
* Use MLAB for cases where number of coefficient per multiplier > 8 © 2012 Altera Corporation ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
Cyclone V Polyphase Serial Filter 18 bit Precision 18x19
M10K
N :1 compIex input data demux
DSP Block
18x19
M10K
18x19
M10K M10K © 2012 Altera Corporation
ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS & STRATIX are Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. and Altera marks in and outside the U.S.
N/2 : 1 multistage adder, using complex inputs and outputs
Questions
© 2012 Altera Corporation
