Mothership - RPG Horror Espacial

April 4, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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E]OG HM \KFVMYOYÄ@LOG HK DKEGHKV

 

GVJG\ GVJG

L]\XK

Ju`oåìk

=> *

Lkjfgtm

7.8>>

HJE LVOX

\

J

mu J]@OÅÌK

\BKX\ \^MLOGC

* Lustk pkr pm`tm ku lgoxg hm ju`oåìk (oeugc gks torks lkjpcmtks hg grjg)

6h7>

Fgtmr-

7>j 6>j j

fgoxg

Mspo`egrhg

^ï hm lgfrg

=>

7h7>

Lbgjg

6.>>>

6h7>

Gpm`gs LWL

Vmfgtohg gk glmrtgr. 7/6 hg`k g jïhok gclg`lm. 7/8 hm hg`k g ck`eg hostæ`log. @/H

8

qug`hk `ìk ï gjoeçvmc gfkrhgemj hm`trk hm 7>j. @/H

6j 7>j 6>j

Xmcäjmtrk hm çuhok4 fuzo`g

2

Gtorghkr

+ = (Vmpgrk Jmlæ`olk) \gcvm k lkrpk ku pmeum ikek m tkjm 7h7> hje. pkr tur`k.

\o`gcozghkr

2=

7h7>

=j 7>j 6> 6>j

\o`gcozghkr hm gctg o`tm`sohghm4 Yosêvmc 6 g 6= aj hm hostæ`log.

Mspujg

65=

@/H

\mj sgcvgr

37j =j 7>j

Mspujg hm m`hurmlojm`tk rçpohk4

7>

Vmtgrhg`tm hm ikek.

7

^khm `meklogr 7JHJE pgrg `gvoks

Lkrpk / o`sto`tk sgcvgj pgrg mvotgr

^ostkcg

ku iolgr prmsk. Lkfmrturgs hm mspujg =j¶.

Irge

5>

7h7>

6>j j 8>j

Erm`ghm

Jìk

6=>

7h7>

Lgusg hg`k g tkhks mj uj rgok hm 7=j.

(ku jgos sm o`tmr`k).



Gpm`gs LWL

\kchghkr

Mjosskr hm uctrg lgckr4 lkrtg gs mlcusgs hm gr / pmsghk

pkrtgs. -7> vs. Grjkr \gvm Cgsmr

7.6>>

Lkrtghkr

^ostkcg hm prmeks

^ucsk

6=j 6=>j 5>>j

7h% ku 7JHJE

7=> 7.9>>

6h7> =h7>

Voicm

Hkfrk

hg`k Hkfrk

hg`k

37j =j 7>j

Cmvg 7 rkhghg pgrg rmlgrrmegr 9

Cmvg 7 bkrg pgrg rmlgrrmegr hm

m`trm ks torks.

ujg ik`tm hm m`mreog ku 9 bkrgs skf g cuz hk skc.

^rmeks ^msghks4 -7> vs. \gcvgjm`tk

j

Vkhghgs hm iüsikrk.

7 (< (



Fgtmr-

6j j 76=j

Ao`mto-scues4 -= vs. Grjkr \gvm.

2

7>j j 7>>j

Jolrkiocgjm`tk4 =>>j.

7

fgoxg Voeeo`e



6h7>

Mjpgcgr.

Xropck

^ostkcg

Hoiêloc hm lkrtgr.

hg`k.

Grpìk rmtrçtoc4 lkrpk / o`sto`tk sgcvg ku tkr`g-sm mjgrg`bghk. Igz uj mxtrg + 7h7> hm hg`k qug`hk g egrrg ï puxghg pgrg ikrg hk gcvk.

Fosturo

=>

7h7>

+ 7h7>

HJE m

Gpm`gs LWL

@/H

@/H

+ 7> (lorureog)

^mriurgåìk hm grjghurg4 -7> vs.

76

\ostmjg \jgrt-co`a4 +7>

sg`erg`hk O`tmcoem`tm

76.>>>

7h7>

x< HJE

6=j 6>>j =>>j

Voicm

(Lkjfgtm sm mstovmr usg`hk B]H).

\gcvgjm`tk hm grjghurg

Mspmltrkslüpok4 Yosìk @ktur`g / Xïrjolg

\JE

7.6>>

8h7>

Gtkrhkgr

77=

7h7>

7>j 5=j 7=>j \mj sgcvgr

Gpm`gs LWL

Xktgcjm`tm gutkjgtozghk.

7 (=)

@/H

@/H

Fgstìk

Xrg`q

7 rkhghg.

2=>

@/H

\mj sgcvgr

5=

6h7>

Bgla kii 

6j 7>j 6>j

^ostkcg

Yofmlbmtm

Hmim`hg k lkrpk ku ioqum gtkrhkghk pkr

jmjfrk

Gpm`gs LWL

Xrg`q Hgrts

9

Lkrpk Q+Z sgcvgr ku lgor o`lk`slom`tm pkr 7h7> rkhghgs. ^khm o`vghor egcbks ku ickrmstg hm`sg, jgs `ìk pkrtgs hm jmtgc, mlcusgs hm gr, mtl.

00 Cmog jgos skfrm grjgs `g pçeo`g 2.

 

LK@XMÔHK LVOGÅÌK HM ^MV\K@GEMJ ........................... 7 VMEVG\ FÇ\OLG\ ........................................... <

LK@XVGXG@HK JMVLM@ÇVOK\ ..........................67.7 67 Mstgtêstolgs hks jmrlm`çroks .................................

 Dkeg`hk ks hghks ................................... ................ ....................... .... .< O`lk`sloä`log m jkrtm ......... .............. 7>.8

GVJG\ ............................................ 77 Grjgs .............................................. 77.7 Ju`oåýms. ......................................... 77.6 Gclg`lm ....... ........................................... 76.7 Kfdmtovk ..... ............................................ 76.6 Vmlgrrmeg`hk .... ......................................... 76.< Grjgs gutkjçtolgs ...... ......................... 76.8 Bgfocohghms hm grjgs mspmlogos ..................... ..76.=

Wug`tk lustgj ks jmrlm`çroks; ....... ..... 67.6 Ks jmrlm`çroks pkhmj sufor hm `êvmc; ...................... 67.< Jmrlm`çroks mj lkjfgtm ............. .............. 67.8 Xgfmcg hm Lustk hk Jmrlm`çrok ............................... 66

Jmrlm`gry \luj Xgfcm .............................. 6< Xgfmcg hm Jktovgåìk hk Jmrlm`çrok ...................... 68

M\XVM\\M ................................................. 6= Lkjk mu eg`bk mstrmssm; ............................ 6=.7 Lkjk igåk pgrg gcovogr k mstrmssm; ......................... 6=,6

^Æ@OLK M VM\KCYMV ................................. 69 K qum ï ujg vmroiolgåìk hm pæ`olk; ......................... 69.7 Wug`hk hmvk rkcgr k ^g`ol; ....................... 69.6 Vmskcvmr ......................... ........................ 69,<

YOGEMJ M\^GLOGC, B_^MV\^GLM ................. 65 Wug`tk tmjpk cmvg; ........................... 65.7 Dujp Hrovms m bopmrmspgåk ............ ... 65.6 ^kssk lkjg`hgr jmu prüprok `gvok; ................... 65.< Lcgssms hm `gvok fçsolgs ........................... ...... 65.8 Lkjprg`hk uj `gvok ........................................ 65.= Vmgfgstmlojm`tk .............................................. 65.9 Gtugcozgåýms & Vmpgrks ............................... 62.7 XGFMCG HM LCG\\M\ FÇ\OLG\ HM @GYOK ................... 62

^VKDMXK HK @GYOK ........................................ Grjgs hk `gvok .................................... .< LKJFGXM @GYOK G @GYOK ......................... pgrg lghg mstgtêstolg m, mj smeuohg, rmeostrgr ks rmsuctghks mj krhmj, lkjmåg`hk lkj Ikråg, m`tìk Ymcklohghm, O`tmcmltk, m io`gcjm`tm

Lkjfgtm. ]jg mstgtêstolg hm ï g jïhog, jgs `ìk sm prmklupm juotk lkj smus `ôjmrks gekrg. 00 Cmog jgos skfrm Mstgtêstolgs `g pçeo`g 8.6.

7.6 M\LKCBG ]JG LCG\\M M KF\MVYM \M]\ \GCYK\ O@OLOGO\ Mstgs sìk gs qugtrk lcgssms fçsolgs mj @gvm-jìm4

± ± ±

Xmgjstmrs sìk g turfucm`tg mquopm m ks trgfgcbghkrms `k mspgåk. \m Vopcmy hmGcom`s ï k smu bmrüo, m`tìk vklä vgo qumrmr dkegr lkj uj lgjo`bk`mork. Lom`tostgs sìk jïholks, pmsquosghkrms ku qugcqumr pmsskg qum qumorg gfror gcom`êem`gs (ku jmjfrks hg tropucgåìk o`imltghks) lkj uj fosturo. G`hrkohs sìk ujg ghoåìk gtmrrkrozg`tm m mjklok`g`tm pgrg

qugcqumr tropucgåìk. Mcms tm`hmj g m`mrvgr kutrks dkeghkrms lkj sug hmsujg`ohghm irog.

±

iuzocmorks `gvgos mstìk gquo pgrg gtorgr mj o`smtks m jgslgr lbolcmtm. Mcms sìk ôtmos mj ujg cutg m fk`s qug`hk gerupghks, jgs smjprm qum uj iuzocmork `gvgc m`trg mj pæ`olk, pkhm lgusgr prkfcmjgs pgrg k rmstk hg tropucgåìk.

Lkckqum uj ∔ `k lêrluck glojg hg lcgssm qum vklä mslkcbmu. Lghg lcgssm tmj smu prüprok lkjmåk\gcvgr lkjmåk \gcvgr vgckrms qum rmprmsm`tgj k quìk rmsostm`tms mcms sìk g hoimrm`tms topks hm trgujg, pmroek ku hg`k. Yklä tmj qugtrk sgcvgjm`tks hoimrm`tms4\g`ohghm, hoimrm`tms4 \g`ohghm, jmhk, lkrpk, m Grjghurgs. Ks sgcvgjm`tks o`ologos dç mstìk prmm`lbohks pgrg vklä mj lo`zg lcgrk `gs lgoxgs gprkproghgs. 00 Cmog jgos skfrm \gcvg `g pçeo`g 5.

rmcmvg`tms qum ks gduhgrìk g tmr uj jmcbkr hmsmjpm`bk mj hoimrm`tms hmsgioks. Gcïj hossk, lghg lcgssm tmj uj `ôjmrk hm pk`tks pgrg egstgr mj Bgfocohghms hurg`tm g lrogåìk hk pmrsk`gemj. Egstm tkhks ks smus pk`tks hm bgfocohghm gekrg, tm`hk mj jm`tm4

± ± ± ±

Bgfocohghms trmo`ghgs lustg 7 pk`tk. Bgfocohghms mspmlogcozghgs lustg 6 pk`tks.

Bgfocohghms hm jmstrm lustg < pk`tks. ^grg kftmr ujg bgfocohghm hm mspmlogcostg ku jmstrm, vklä hmvm projmork kftmr ujg hm sugs bgfocohghms hm prï-rmquosotk. 00 Cmog jgos skfrm bgfocohghms `g pçeo`g =.

7.8 G@KXM LKJK \]G LCG\\M COHGV LKJ M\XVM\\M M ^Æ@OLK Lghg lcgssm cohg lkj Mstrmssm m ^æ`olk hoimrm`tmjm`tm, qum m`trgrç mj dkek jgos tgrhm `k dkek. Yç mj irm`tm m jgrqum gs rmergs mspmlogos hm sug lcgssm lkj uj ∔ pgrg rmimrä`log iuturg. 00 Cmog jgos skfrm \trmss & ^g`ol `gs pçeo`gs 6=-69.

7.= M\LKCBG ]J CKGHK]X O@OLOGC M VKCK] ]J XVO@AMX & ^GXLB GCMGXÜVOK\ Mxostmj qugtrk pglktms hm mquopgjm`tks o`ologos hoimrm`tms pgrg mslkcbmr. Mcms mstìk gquo pkr lk`vm`oä`log, pgrg qum vklä `ìk prmlosm egstgr juotk tmjpk igzm`hk lkjprgs g`tms hm k dkek lkjmågr. Vkcm tgjfïj pgrg uj Xro`amt m ^gtlb gcmgtüroks hgs pçeo`gs 72-7?. \mu tro`amt m pgtlb `ìk täj `m`buj soe`oiolghk jmlæ`olk, jgs pkhmj cbm hgr ujg ohmog hm lkjk ï smu pmrsk`gemj. \ug grjghurg tgjfïj vgo jmcbkrgr sug hmimsg hm grjghurg, qum vklä hmvm gtugcozgr gekrg. 00 Cmog jgos skfrm Grjkr `g pçeo`g 7=-79.

7.9 XKW]M\ HM GLGFGJM@XK ^rmm`lbg k smu \trmss (lkjmåg mj 6), Vmskcvmr (lkjmåg mj >), \gôhm jçxojg (x6 Ikråg), o`olog`hk Lrïhotks (=h7>x7>) m hä g so jmsjk uj `kjm (m ujg lcgssoiolgåìk, sm bkuvmr). Gekrg vklä mstç prk`tk pgrg  dkegr sug projmorg smssìk smssìk hm@gvm-jìm!

 

 g  p o   z  z   g  .

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H  \   g  m  ô   t   m  h  I  o   r  ` j  m J  g o   `  ç  c   j  g xo    m  å  j `  ì   k  g  t   m  m  ,M   ,  m

 m `  t   ì   k  m c    g  k  f   s   m r  v  g o    s   s   k  t   g

+  5   %  h   m  p r   k  t   m  å   ì   k  h   m  g r  j

 k cr    c    g  =   h  7   >  *  7   >   p  g r   g

j  f   ï  j  .

 h   g  u r   g  (    p  g r   g 8  6  `  k  t   k  t   g c    )    ,

 t   s  r   m  s   s   m  m

 g c    p r   m  m `  l  b   m  s   u  g

Y   g  l   l   s   u o    t   h   ç   g  m c    g

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 h   m  p  m  å   g  s   , m `  t   ì   k  m c    g  p  m  e  g  k  l   g r  r   m  e  g j  m `  t   k

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C  o   c   o    t  b  o   j  g  e o   `  g  m  s   l   g  g v `  h   k  m  s   p  g  å   k `  g v  m  s 

M  `  t   ì   k  , m c    g  m  s   l   k b  c    m  s   m  u c    k  g  h   k  g  t  o   ` o    l  o    g  .c  

I   g c    s   t   g i   i    ï   )    .

I  r   g  e  g  t    g J o   `  m o   r   g

Y   (    p  m b   g r  o    g  l  c    m  q  u  \   p  m  p  m  l  o    k  s   g c    s   p o   z   g  k r   g r   t  o    g  q v`  u  k `  m  e  m  (    g  ï   m r  c    s   g o    s   m  m  s   k  s   p r   q  l  r   m  u  m v  l   m  m o    k  m  s   g r  j  )    m

I   g c    s   t    g i    ,i  

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J C  b  o   c    m o    g  f  M   t   l  b  o    æ  c   o   j `  d    h   ç  o    g  l   h   s   m  k  t   e  .M   m j  m  s  c   T   . L   u o    g  h   k  g  q  m r   u  k j  , m  m r   E r  -  l   k  g c    s   g  m  g  m V  j  s   f   m  l   m `  k r   p o   c   b  b   g  t   m  u  k r   k  h  `  g  k  m c   o    s  r   e  u  k  k  f   , j r   g  m  s 

 f   k I   l  o   X   m `  p c   `  gM   ø  r  o   r   m o    m  g `  å  `  t   l   s  z   m  ì  o   j  m  u  g  g  g `  k j  s   m `  s  o    s   p  m  t   p Y   g  (    l  b   m c    mr   k  m i    q  m r   g r  c    k  u  s   ,  h   g j  m j  s   k c    m b   m  m  k  u  d    g  g r   l  o    )    ç   s  r   l  o    u  h   u  h  A 

 yc   j  g  h   t   s   g  s   g `  m  g cv    l  c    m  m  ì  `  m  l   m  h   s   g  m  g  m  t   k  l   k j  ì   k r  j  h   m r   g  k c    m b   s   m  k I   =   l   g `  f  o    l   m r  r   k  d    m  m  l  r   t   u o   i    k c    g o    t  c   b   y  r   h   s   k  k  ,  t   s   s   g  g  g  )    .M   .  (    s   m  u  u j  g c   j  g

 m Y   l   s   u  g  k  m  h  c    s   k  g ^   er  M  o   j  m  l   s  M  r  o    s  o    s   s   h  j  s   m  l   m  . r   g  t   e  m  m  g  u v  h  o    t   m r  o   ê    h   m  ,  s   k  g  , m ` O   `  t  o    , m  l   k  t  c    g c    m  g  l   s   m c    4  c   I   k  g r  r   s  ê    k  l  r   l  c    t   k  l  r   g  k  å  c   b   u  g  9  c    m  m  k  u  s   L   ,  h  7  j  .  k  g j  >   p  l   f   g c    g r   g  s   g  t   s   m  m  .

 p  g r   g i    g z   m r   q  u  g c    q  m  u r  r   p  m r   e  u `  t   g  s   m

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M  x  m j  p c    k  4 C  o   c   o    t  b   g  g  p r  r   m  l   m  u  t   g r   h   m  m  s   m  u

 

<

HGHK\, YMVOIOLGÅÝM\ HM M\XGXÊ\XOLG\, YG@XGEMJ M HM\YG@XGEMJ

@gvm-jìm dkeg lkjk juotks kutrks V^Es. Yklä m smus gjoeks sm rmô`mj, m uj hm vkläs, k Eugrhoìk, lrog (ku prmpgrku) uj lm`çrok pgrg k rmstk hm vkläs mxpckrgr m o`tmrgeor. Gs rmergs gfgoxk gduhgrìk g hmco`mgr gceu`s prklmhojm`tks pgrg cohgr lkj gs sotugåýms jgos

Mxostmj gceujgs lkosgs qum lkjujm`tm jkhoiolgj gs vmroiolgåýms hm mstgtêstolgs, g sgfmr4 sotuglok`gos Yg`tgem`s m hmsvg`tgem`s, glmrtks m igcbgs lrêtolgs, m smu

lkju`s qum suremj hurg`tm k dkek. ^grg tkhk k rmstk, k Hormtkr tmrç qum igzmr uj ducegjm`tk.

\OX]GLOK@GO\

s pgrg tkhks ks smus rkcks, `k m`tg`tk ueb, mcm ks usg hm < jg`morgs hoimrm`tms4

± xh7>4 Vkcm uj lmrtk `ôjmrk hm h7>s m ±

gholok`m-ks. 6h7> ikr`mlmrog uj `ôjmrk m`trm 6-6>. xh7>4 @ktm k sufco`bghk. Ossk soe`oiolg cg`ågr uj lmrtk `ôjmrk hm h7>s m skjç-cks m juctopcolgr k rmsuctghk pkr hmz. 6h7>

±

hgrog g vklä uj `ôjmrk m`trm 6>-6>>. \m vklä tmj uj lk`du`tk hm h7>s lkj gpm`gs hmzm`gs hm hêeotks, mcms sìk pmrimotks pgrg dkeghgs lkjk mssg. h%4 Vkcgr 7h7> m 7h7> m skjm-ks (cm`hk k rmsuctghk lkjk uj pmrlm`toc). Ossk hç g vklä uj `ôjmrk m`trm >-??. Yklä vgo prmlosgr hm hkos lk`du`tks hm h% hghks qum vklä pkhm hozmr

Bgfocohghms.

hugs vmzms m mslkcbmr k jgokr cg`ågjm`tk. 7h7> Q-Z Mstrmssm soe`oiolgrog cg`ågr 7h7> hugs vmzms m mslkcbmr k jm`kr cg`ågjm`tk. Fkhy Q+Z sgvm soe`oiolgrog cg`ågr h% hugs vmzms m

mslkcbmr k jmcbkr (emrgcjm`tm jm`kr) cg`ågjm`tk.

± \m vkläs hkos igcbgrmj, g sotugåìk pokrg m jgos lkjpcolghk hm gceujg ikrjg pgrg vkläs hkos. Gs vmroiolgåýms kpkstgs `ìk prmlosgj m`vkcvmr gs jmsjgs mstgtêstolgs, ku jmsjk mstgtêstolgs. Mcms tgjfïj pkhmj usgr \gcvg. ]j lgsk fçsolk smrog ujg lkrrohg pgrg vmr qumj lbmeg projmork g ujg mlcusg hm gr - gjfgs gs pgrtms igzmj uj tmstm rmsostohk hm Ymcklohghm. Jgs vklä tgjfïj pkhm tm`tgr m`eg`gr ujg lrogturg pgrg qum gtgqum `g hormåìk mrrghg igzm`hk uj tmstm kpkstk hm O`tmcmltk vs. Lkjfgtm (ku jmsjk Ymcklohghm vs. Lkjfgtm). 00 Cmog jgos skfrm \gcvg `g pçeo`g =.

8.7 GLM\\K\ M IGCBG\ LVÊXOLG\ @mssm ôctojk mxmjpck, jkstrgjks k qum igcbg lrêtolg iko g`tms hm mxpcolç-ck pgrg ocustrgr

lkjk îs vmzms`mj k `ôjmrk jgos uj tmstm Hmsvg`tgemj smjprm ï kgctk pokrmj `ôjmrk g smmj kftmr. M`tìk, vgjks vkctgr m mxpcolgr4 \mjprm qum vklä rkcgr hkfrg `k g`ô`lok% rkcc (pkr mxmjpck, ==,

66, ??), mssm rkck ï k qum lbgjgjks hm lrêtolk. \m k tmstm iko uj sulmssk, lbgjgjks ossk hm ekcpm lrêtolk. Yklä tmj juotk sulmssk @k m`tg`tk, sm k rmsuctghk iko

Mxmjpck4 Jgrckwm, uj g`hrüohm gstrk`øjolk, mstç m`irm`tg`hk uj m`ckuqumlohk o`vgskr hk Yçluk. Gjfks mstìk hmsgrjghks, jgs m`trm mcms mstç uj roicm hm pucsk. G vmcklohghm hm Jgrckwm `ìk ï tìk gctg, jgs smu o`tmcmltk ï. Mcm hmlohm qum lkjpmtor lkj k o`vgskr pmcg grjg `ìk ï sug jmcbkr kpåìk. Mj vmz hossk, mcm qumr igzmr lkj qum k o`vgskr pm`sm qum orç gtrçs hg grjg m, mj vmz hossk, mcm qumr or pgrg g vçcvucg hm cofmrgåìk hm mjmreä`log `g mlcusg hm hmslkjprmssìk, qum orç hmsprmssurozgr g lgfo`m m suegr k o`vgskr pgrg k Ygzok qum mcms tg`tk hmsmdgj. K Hormtkr pm`sg qum mstg ï ujg skcuåìk juotk o`tmrmssg`tm m m`tìk hmlohm qum mstm smrç uj tmstm rmsostohk, lkcklg`hk k O`tmcmltk hm Jgrckwm lk`trg k O`sto`tk hk o`vgskr (O`sto`tk ï ujg mstgtêstolg gfrg`em`tm qum gpm`gs 

jmu usk, cmog jgos skfrm 

k`hm vklä `ìk gpm`gs mxmlutg

`tmccmlt ï =6, m`qug`tk k ï . Ks hkos cg`ågj uj ?, uj sulmssk! 

ujg tgrmig, jgs pkhm o`lkrrmr

 y, k o`vgskr kftmvm kftmvm uj 6>,

mj pm`gcohghms, lkjpcolgåýms ku

m`tìk uj sulmssk, jgs tgjfïj kcc qum k hm Jgrckwm. G smeuor vgo pgrg g lgsg hm Jgrckwm m hmoxg g grjg k`hm vgo pgrg g lgsg hm Jgrckwm 

lbgjghk hm igcbg lrêtolg, uj

gtï jmsjk hg`ks lkjk rmsuctghk ]j rmsuctghk hm >> ï smjprm uj glmrtk lrêtolk m uj rmsuctghk hm ?? ï smjprm ujg igcbg lrêtolg.

 

= BGFOCOHGHM\

Bgfocohghms rmprmsm`tgj k lk`bmlojm`tk glujucghk, bgfocohghm, tïl`olgs m trmo`gjm`tk qum vklä pkssuo. \mjprm qum vklä igz uj tmstm hm mstgtêstolgs m tmj ujg bgfocohghm rmcmvg`tm, vklä gholok`g smu fø`us hm bgfocohghm î sug mstgtêstolg, hg`hk-cbm uj `ôjmrk jgokr pgrg rkcgr. Lghg gucg lkjmåg lkj gceu`sBgfocohghms gceu`s Bgfocohghms m eg`bg jgos sufo`hk hm `êvmc. 00 Cmog jgos skfrm lkjk sufor hm `êvmc `g pçeo`g 66.

Mxostmj qugtrk lcgssoiolgåýms hm bgfocohghms hoimrm`tms qum hmtmrjo`gj k qug`tk vklä sgfm skfrm uj hmtmrjo`ghk gssu`tk4

±

@ìk trmo`ghk (fø`us hm bgfocohghm4 + >%)4 Yklä tmj pkulg ku `m`bujg mxpmroä`log `mstm lgjpk m `ìk rmlmfm `m`buj fø`us. Hmpm`hm`hk hm quìk lkjpcmxg ï g tgrmig, vklä pkhm rkcgr lkj Hmsvg`tgemj.

± Xrmo`ghk (fø`us hm bgfocohghm4 + 7>%)4 Yklä rmlmfmu trmo`gjm`tk pghrìk `mstg çrmg mquovgcm`tm g uj hopckjg hm fglbgrmc ku trmo`gjm`tk prçtolk pkr gceu`s g`ks.

±

Mspmlogcostg (fø`us hm bgfocohghm4 + 7=%)4 @mstg hoslopco`g, vklä tmj k mquovgcm`tm g uj hkutkrghk ku juotks g`ks hm mxpmroä`log.

± Jmstrm (fø`us hm bgfocohghm4 + 6>%)4 Yklä ï uj hks cujo`grms hg çrmg m lk`bmlm tïl`olgs hm pk`tg ku o`ikrjgåýms gctgjm`tm mspmlogcozghgs m hm `olbk. Xkhgs gs bgfocohghms lkjmågj lkjk @ìk trmo`ghgs, k qum soe`oiolg qum vklä `ìk tmj g bgfocohghm. Gk igzmr ujg Bgfocohghm Xrmo`ghg, vklä hmsfckqumog Bgfocohghms hm Mspmlogcostg m Jmstrm. Gfgoxk mstç ujg costg o`lkjpcmtg hm bgfocohghms. Xrgfgcbm lkj smu Hormtkr pgrg lrogr `kvgs m o`tmrmssg`tms Bgfocohghms pkr jmok hk dkek m hk hmsm`vkcvojm`tk hm smu prüprok lg`tk mslurk hg egcçxog.

BGFOCOHGHM\ XVMO@GHG\

±

Grqumkckeog4 Lucturgs g`toegs m smus grtmigtks

±

Grtm4 G mxprmssìk ku gpcolgåìk hg lgpglohghm lrogtovg m ojgeo`gåìk hm ujg mspïlom

±

Gtcmtosjk4 Mspkrtms iêsolks m  dkeks

± ±

Fokckeog4 Mstuhk hg vohg

Wuêjolg4 G ohm`toiolgåìk hm

±

± ±

lkjputghkrms m rmhms

± ±

±

mjmreä`log m trgtgjm`tk

±

Emkckeog4 Gs lgrgltmrêstolgs sücohgs hm

qugcqumr pcg`mtg tmrrmstrm ku sgtïcotm `gturgc

±

Jgquo`çrok pmsghk4 Kpmrgåìk m

usk hm mquopgjm`tks hm erg`hm

±

±

Bohrkpk`og4 Luctovk hm pcg`tgs mj skcuåýms `utrotovgs smj skck (luctovk `k mspgåk)

± ±

Co`euêstolg4 Mstuhk hg co`eugemj Jgtmjçtolg4 G loä`log hks `ôjmrks, qug`tohghm m mspgåk.

±

Vmpgrk Jmlæ`olk4 Lk`smrtg`hk

jçquo`gs qumfrghgs

±

Jostolosjk4 Gprmm`sìk msporotugc hm lk`bmlojm`tk kluctk

^ocktgemj4 Kpmrgåìk m lk`trkcm hm

±

^gtkckeog4 Mstuhk hg lgusg m mimotk hg hkm`åg

Vojwosm4 Lkcø`ogs hm fkrhg mxtmr`g m ±

Cojpg`hk4 ^rklurg`hk

±

Xmkckeog4 Mstuhk hm rmcoeoìk

±

Tmrk-E4 Xrgfgcbg`hk mj uj

gsporghkr, vgllsuots, mtl.

MR ^MVX \AOCC\

±

jo`mrgåìk hm gstmrüohms

±

Gstrkegtok`4 @gvmegåìk `k mxtmrokr

± ±

±

M`em`bgrog4 prkdmtk, lk`struåìk m usk hm jktkrms, jçquo`gs m mstruturgs Mxpcksovks4 Fkjfgs m

Mspmlogcozgåìk mj vmêlucks4 Lcgssm

JG BGFOCOHGHM\ HM \XMV

±

±

lkrpk, cutg lkrpk g lkrpk

±

Xçtolgs4 Jg`kfrg`hk ikrågs

mspmlêiolg hk vmêluck

Fktæ`olg4 K mstuhk hg vohg vmemtgc Lkjfgtm g lurtg hostæ`log4 Lkrpk g

^solkckeog4 K mstuhk hk

jocotgrms mj fgtgcbg

mspgåk

± ±

Iêsolg4 Mstuhk hg `gturmzg m prkpromhghms hg jgtïrog m m`mreog ^cg`mtkckeog4 Mstuhk hm pcg`mtgs m kutrks lkrpks lmcmstms lkjpkrtgjm`tk m hg jm`tm bujg`g

Jo`mrgåìk hm gstmrüohms4 Xrmo`gjm`tk `gs imrrgjm`tgs m prklmhojm`tks prklmhojm`tks usghks `g

pkrtm (euo`hgstms, mxksuots, mjpocbghmorgs, mtl.)

fçsolk pghrìk hghk g tkhks ks jocotgrms

rmsêhuks hmslgrtghks pgrg otm`s ôtmos

Horoeo`hk4 Kpmrgåìk m lk`trkcm hm vmêlucks jktkrozghks ^rojmork sklkrrk4 Luohghks jïholks hm

Jk`tgemj hk dôro4 Vmpgrks ojprkvosghks

pgrtms hmlghm`tms hg egcçxog

lkjpkstk Lkjputghkrms4 ]sk icum`tm hm

±

gmrk`gvms m mspgåk`gvms

gs sufstæ`logs hgs qugos g jgtïrog ï ±

±

Xrmo`k jocotgr4 Xrmo`gjm`tk

±

O`tmcoeä`log grtoiologc4 Lk`bmlojm`tk hk sojucglrk hm bujg`k

lk`sloä`log Lkjg`hk4 Cohmrg`åg m gutkrohghm Lofmr`ïtolg4 O`tmriglm m`trm bkjmj m jçquo`g

± ±

Bopmrmspgåk4 Yogemj jgos rçpohg qum g cuz

hospksotovks o`lm`hoçroks

Vkfütolg4 ^rkdmtk m kpmrgåìk hm rkføs, hrk`ms m g`hrüohms

±

Grjgs hm ikek4 Grjgs m smu usk

±

\kik`tkckeog4 ^solkckeog gcom`êem`g

±

Em`ïtolg4 Bmrmhotgromhghm m

±

Mspmlogcozgåìk mj grjg4

Rm`kfokckeog4 Fokckeog gcom`êem`g

Grjgjm`tk4 Grjgjm`tk hm `gvm mstmcgr

± ±

± ±

g vgrogåìk hgs lgrgltmrêstolgs bmrhghgs Bglao`e4 Glmssk `ìk gutkrozghk g

sostmjgs hm lkjputghkr

^rkioloä`log lkj ujg grjg mspmlêiolg

Rm`kmsktmrosjk4 Jostolosjk, rmcoeoìk m lrm`åg gcom`êem`g kfslurg

 

XVMO@GHK\ + 7>%

M\^MLOGCO\XG + 7=%

JG\XMV + 6>%

CO@E]Ê\XOLG

^\OLKCKEOG

\KIK@XKCKEOG

FOKCKEOG

EM@ÏXOLG

RM@KFOKCKEOG

^VOJMOVK \KLKVVK

^GXKCKEOG

LOV]VEOG

BOHVK^Ø@OLG

FKXÆ@OLG

EMKCKEOG

^CG@MXKCKEOG

TMVK-E

G\XMVÜOHM JO@MVGÅÌK

\LGYM@EO@E

 DÔVO VOEEO@E

LOFMV@ÏXOLG

^M\GHK JGW]O@GVOG

M@EM@BGVOG

VKFÜXOLG

LKJ^]XGHKVM\

BGLAO@E

GVXOIOLOGC O@XMCOEÄ@LOG

JMLÆ@OLK

YMÊL]CK M\^MLOGCOTGÅÌK

LKJG@HK

^OCKXK

G\XVKEGÅÌK

B_^MV\^GLM

JGXMJÇXOLG

IÊ\OLG

VM^GVGV

HOVOEO@HK

GVXM

GVW]MKCKEOG

JO\XOLO\JK

XMKCKEOG

XÇXOLG\

JOCOXGVM\ XVMO@GJM@XK

RM@KM\KXMVOLO\JK

GVJGJM@XK

VOJUO\M

GVJG\ HM IKEK

GXCMXO\JK

^VÜROJK\ W]GVXK\

W]ÊJOLG

MR^CK\OYK\

LKJFGXM

GVJG M\^MLOGCOTGÅÌK

 

5

\GBY L LVOGÅÌK HM GMV\GLXMV LVOGÅÌK Juotgs vmzms mj @gvm-jìm vklä `ìk tmrç lk`trkcm skfrm k qum glk`tmlm lkj vklä. Kreg`osjks mstrg`bks orìk gtglgr ku o`vghor smu lkrpk. Bkrrkrms gtmrrkrozg`tms orìk surprmm`hä-ck hk `ghg. Yklä m`lk`trgrç ku sm tkr`grç lom`tm hm gceuj lk`bmlojm`tk g`toek qum mstç gcïj hm sug lkjprmm`sìk. \mjprm qum mssm topk hm lkosg

^grg igzmr uj \gvm, rkcm k g`ô`lok% oeugc ku gfgoxk hg sug

glk`tmlm, vklä rkcg uj\gcvgr. Mssgs prktmåýms rmprmsm`tgj k quìk rmsostm`tm vklä ï g hoimrm`tms topks hm pmroeks m hg`ks.

(`k lgsk hm igcbg `k sgcvgjm`tk).

5.7 \GCYG Yklm tmj qugtrk \gcvg4 \g`ohghm, Jmhk, Lkrpk, m Grjghurgs.

± \g`ohghm ï g sug lgpglohghm hm mxpcolgr o`lk`sostä`logs cüeolgs `k u`ovmrsk, rglok`gcozgr m hgr sm`tohk gk lgks, hmtmltgr ocusýms m jojmtosjk m pm`sgr rgpohgjm`tm skf prmssìk.

±

Jmhk ï lkjk vklä pkhm cohgr fmj lkj trgujgs mjklok`gos m gfrg`em `ìk gpm`gs k jmhk, jgs tgjfïj g skcohìk, g hmprmssìk ku qugcqumr kutrg k`hg mjklok`gc.

± Lkrpk sìk smus rmicmxks m lkjk vklä lk`smeum rmsostor î ikjm, îs hkm`ågs ku g qugcqumr kutrk kreg`osjk qum pkssg tm`tgr o`vghor smu o`tmrokr.

± grjghurgs ï k quìk rmsostm`tm vklä ï gks hg`ks skirohks hurg`tm k lkjfgtm, smdg pkr jmok hm fgcgs, egrrgs, hm`tms, mtl. \gcvgs `ìk sìk dkeghgs qum vklä igz hm fkg vk`tghm (lkjk qug`hk vklä usg sug Ikråg pgrg gfror ujg mlcusg hm gr mjpmrrghg). Yklä igz tmstms hm sgcvgjm`tk qug`hk gcek ruoj pkhm glk`tmlmr lkj vklä m vklä prmlosg hmslkfror sm rmsostm g ossk.

pk`tugåìk \gvm (gssoj lkjk lkj ujg vmroiolgåìk hm mstgtêstolgs). \m

vklä igcbgr mj smu sgcvgjm`tk, vklä eg`bgrç 7h7> (ku jgos)

Mstrmssm. Gcïj hossk, vklä pkhm skirmr gceujg kutrg lk`smquä`log, lkjk rmlmfmr hg`k (`k lgsk hm igcbg `k tmstm hm grjghurg) ku lk`trgor uj vêrus jkrtgc

\m vklä igcbgr lrotolgjm`tm mj uj sgcvgjm`tk, vklä tmrç qum igzmr uj

^g`ol Vkcc. Vkcgr uj glmrtk lrêtolk, `k m`tg`tk, pkhm soe`oiolgr ujg erg`hm vgromhghm hm lkosgs, hmpm`hm`hk hk lk`tmxtk. ]j glmrtk lrêtolk mj uj tmstm hm \g`ohghm pkhm lk`lmhmr jgos o`ikrjgåýms skfrm k mstrg`bk grtmigtk gcom`êem`g qum vklä m`lk`trku ku, `k lgsk hm uj tmstm hm grjghurg, hgr g vklä g lbg`lm hm lk`trg-gtglgr. Xkhks mssms lgsks, mj ôctojg g`çcosm, hmpm`hmj hk Hormtkr. 00 Cmog jgos skfrm \trmss m ^æ`olk `gs pçeo`gs 6=-69. Mxmjpck4 Gk o`vmstoegr g lgusg hm ujg lkcø`og hm jo`mrgåìk rmlm`tmjm`tm gfg`hk`ghg, Cocotb m Gfmc m`lk`trgj uj m`krjm grtmigtk gcom`êem`g. K grtmigtk `ìk prkdmtg skjfrg m hmpkos hm tklç-ck, Cocotb m Gfmc sìk surprmm`hohks pkr hkos mstrg`bks mj trgdms vglo`gos. Ks mstrg`bks tgjfïj sìk surprmm`hohks pkr Cocotb m Gfmc, m hmpkos hm torgrmj smus lgpglmtms, iolg lcgrk k pkrquä - mcms sìk Cocotb m Gfmc. K Hormtkr pmhm sgcvgjm`tks hm \g`ohghm hm Cocotb (\g`ohghm ) m Gfmc (\g`ohghm 6=). Cocotb rkcg 59, uj irglgssk. K Hormtkr hmtmrjo`g qum mcg eg`bgrç 7h7> hm Mstrmssm lkj k lbkqum. Gfmc, `k m`tg`tk, `ìk sgo gssoj tìk içloc. Mcm rkcg uj  .< m 6=.6.

hmsvg`tgemj pgrg tkhks ks tmstms.

2.8 EG@BG@HK LVÏHOXK\ Jê`ojk `u pgrg skfrmvovmr, vklä vgo prmlosgr 7 cotrk hm çeug pkr hog. @k m`tg`tk, `mstm `êvmc, qugcqumr gtovohghm mxtm`ug`tm (lkjk lkrrmr, lkjfgtmr ku igzmr rmpgrks jmlæ`olks) orç ikråç-ck g igzmr uj sgcvgjm`tk hm Lkrpk ku hmsjgogr. Wug`hk g çeug ï mslgssg m vklä mstç rgstrmg`hk hm pmrtk, vklä mstç mj hmsvg`tgemj pgrg tkhks ks tmstms.

Xuhk `g `gvm-jìm, hmshm lkjfustêvmc gtï lkjohg, grjgs m ju`oåýms, lustg lrïhotks. ^kssuor ujg `gvm mstmcgr ï ujg prkpkstg lgrg. Gquo mstìk gceujgs lkosgs qum vklä pkhm igzmr pgrg eg`bgr lrïhotks4 VKCGV

2.< KROEÄ@OK @k mspgåk, vklä pkhm hurgr 7= smeu`hks smj kxoeä`ok g`tms hm lgor o`lk`slom`tm. Hmpkos hm hmsjgogr, vklä pkhm skfrmvovmr pkr m hovohg pmck `ôjmrk hm bujg`ks vovks g fkrhk (ks g`hrüohms `ìk prmlosgj hm kxoeä`ok pgrg rmsporgr). Mstm ï k `ôjmrk hm hogs rmstg`tms hm kxoeä`ok rmsporçvmc pkr pmsskg. 00 Cmog jgos skfrm k hmsoe` hm `gvoks `gs pçeo`gs 6?-.

7 6 < 8 = 9 5 2 ? 7>

MJ^VMEK

Jo`g hm gstmrüohms (jo`ïrok, lkjfustêvmc `ìk rmio`ghk, jmtgc prmloksk) Xrg`spkrtm hm lgreg (jmrlghkrogs lkjmrlogos, jo`ïrok, suprojm`tks) Jm`sgem`s ojpkrtg`tms hk lkrrmok

Glkjpg`bgr pgssgemorks \ulgtg hm `gvm mspglogc gfg`hk`ghg Lk`trgfg`hmgr jmrlghkrogs (lk`trgfg`hk, hrkegs) O`vghor mjfgrlgåýms lkrpkrgtovgs

Jgpmom smtkrms hm mspgåk o`mxpckrghk Lgåg lrojo`ksks pmroeksks mj fuslg hm rmlkjpm`sgs Lkcmtm hghks em`ïtolks hm mspïloms hmslk`bmlohgs

 

? MH]LGÅGK MH]LGÅGK O\XMOK O\XMOK IO\OLG , X@]V@\, GLXOK@\, GXGLAO@E, LKYMV LK BGJVFGGLXX4 M\V]LVV VV VG

Lkjfgtm mj @gvm-jìm ï o`lrovmcjm`tm jkrtgc m emrgcjm`tm ï jmcbkr mvotgr lkjpcmtgjm`tm mj igvkr hm lkrrmr m sm mslk`hmr. Jgs `mssgs sotugåýms tmrrêvmos qug`hk vklä hmvm cutgr pkr sug vohg, mos k qum vklä igz4

?.7 YMVOIOLGV \]V^VM\G Îs vmzms, gs vçrogs lrogturgs, bkrrkrms m bgfotg`tms hm mspgåk`gvms bç juotk msqumlohgs orìk sm mseumorgr skfrm vklä g`tms hm sm hgrmj g lk`bmlmr - qug`hk ossk glk`tmlm, vklä rkcg uj Jmhk, sgcvk1 irglgssk soe`oiolg qum vklä sm tkr`ku tìk surprmsk qum vklä ï o`lgpgz hm geor pkr ujg rkhghg.

?.6 W]MJ YGO ^VOJMOVK; Hmpkos hm vmroiolgr sm bç surprmsg, vklä pkhm hmtmrjo`gr g krhmj hk tur`k. ^rojmork, vklä m smus lkjpg`bmorks hm tropucgåìk igzmj ujg vmroiolgåìk hm Ymcklohghm1 gqumcms qum pgssgj pkhmj geor g`tms hks o`ojoeks, gqumcms qum igcbgj, gemj hmpkos.K hmpkos.K sulmssk lrêtolk hç g vklä ujg gåìk mxtrg, m`qug`tk ujg igcbg lrêtolg k rmhuz g ujg gåìk. Ossk sm rmpmtm g lghg rkhghg. ^mrsk`gem`s lkj g Bgfocohghm hm Xçtolg pkhmj gholok`gr smu fø`us hm Bgfocohghm î sug Mstgtêstolg hm Ymcklohghm (m tgjfïj

Emrgcjm`tm, vklä pkhm cmvgr hugs gåýms soe`oiolgtovgs

pkr sug vmz. Mxmjpcks hm gåýms soe`oiolgtovgs sìk (Jgs `ìk cojotghk g)4

± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±

Gtglg`tm M`igoxg`hk ujg imrohg Ymroiolg`hk k hm gceuïj

± Lkrrm`hk / lgjo`bg`hk ±  Dkeg`hk gcek ± ]sg`hk uj lkjputghkr tmrjo`gc (pmsquosm uj

so`gos votgos Hospgrg`hk hm uj vmêluck

hormtürok, m`vkcvmr

grjgs Jg`kfrg`hk uj vmêluck

gorcklas, m`vom uj so`gc hm sklkrrk,

Gfro`hk ujg mlcusg hm gr

lolck gtrgvïs hk LLXY

Kpmrg`hk ujg jçquo`g

læjmrgs, hmsgtovm g vohg

Vmlgrrmeg`hk ujg grjg

\upkrtm, mtl.)

Gåýms o`soe`oiolg`tms sìk lkosgs lkjk igcgr ku sm prktmemr (lkjk pgrtm hm ujg gåìk hm jkvojm`tk), kcbgr gk rmhkr, mtl. K Hormtkr hmlohorç `k io`gc hgs lk`tgs k qum lk`tg lkjk ujg gåìk soe`oiolgtovg ku o`soe`oiolg`tm, hghk k lk`tmxtk hm lghg sotugåìk mspmlêiolg.

?.= LKJK IGÅK ^GVG GXGW]M; K gtgqum ï uj topk mspmlêiolk hm gåìk soe`oiolgtovg, rmgcozghg rkcg`hk uj vmroiolgåìk kpkstg. @k lkjfgtm î hostæ`log, k gtglg`tm igz ujg Xmstm hm lkjfgtm lk`trg k hmim`skr Grjghurg sgcvg. \m k gtglg`tm ikr fmj-sulmhohk, mcm rkcg ks hghks hm hg`k hm sug grjg.

pkhmj hgr smu fø`us g kutrk dkeghkr). ^mrsk`gem`s lkj g

00 Cmog jgos skfrm grjgs `gs pçeo`gs 77-78.

Bgfocohghm hm Lkjg`hk, hä g tkhks ks jmjfrks hg tropucgåìk

K lkjfgtm klkrrm mj gjfks rkhghgs m vkctgs. ]JG

@k lkjfgtm g lurtg hostæ`log, k gtglg`tm igz uj tmstm hm lkjfgtm lkjk hm lkstujm, jgs k hmim`skr pkhm hmlohor sm hmsmdg sm kpkr g mssm tmstm lkj sug hmimsg hm grjghurg (pgrg sm hmim`hmr lk`trg k hg`k), kutrk tmstm hm lkjfgtm (pgrg lk`trg-gtgqum), ku uj sgcvgjm`tk hm

vorgr ï iklghk mj uj dkeghkr o`hovohugc, pmrsk`gemj `ìk-dkeghkr ku erupk hm o`ojoeks. ]JG grrmhk`hgr ï k tmjpk qum cmvg pgrg tkhks hgrmj ujg vkctg.

lkrpk (pgrg tm`tgr sgor hk LWL m iueor). \m hkos pmrsk`gem`s mstìk cutg`hk ku cutg`hk, ossk smrog uj tmstm rmsostohk hm Ikråg.

prüxojks smu fø`us hm Bgfocohghm `mssms tmstms.

?.< W]G@XK XMJ^K Ï ]JG YOVGEMJ;

00 Cmog jgos skfrm Ymroiolgåýms Kpkstgs `g pçeo`g 8.6.

Lghg rkhghg mquovgcm g gprkxojghgjm`tm hmz smeu`hks mj tmjpk rmgc, lkj g vmz hm lghg pmrsk`gemj glk`tmlm`hk gprkxojghgjm`tm hm`trk hmssm tmjpk, jgs `g krhmj hm tur`k (mj kpksoåìk g tkhgs hm ujg vmz). ^krtg`tk, gceuïj qum jkrrm g`tms hm sug vmz `ìk pkhm geor `g sug vmz.

?.9 VMLMFK ]J FØ@]\ HG LG^G; \m vklä sm mslk`hmr gtrçs hm ujg lkfmrturg qum mslk`hm pmck jm`ks jmtghm hm smu lkrpk, vklä eg`bg Yg`tgemj mj smus tmstms hm rmsostä`log hm Grjghurg lk`trg gtgqums î hostæ`log.

?.8 K W]M ^K\\K IGTMV @K JM] XKV@K;

?.5 W]G@XK ^K\\K JKYMV;

Wug`hk lbmegr g sug vmz, hoeg gk Hormtkr k qum vklä ekstgrog hm igzmr. K Hormtkr horç sm vklä pkhm igzmr tuhk hm ujg vmz ku sm cmvgrog vçroks tur`ks pgrg rmgcozgr tuhk k qum hmsmdg.

Yklä pkhm jkvmr jmtghm hm sug vmcklohghm mj jmtrks mj ujg gåìk hm jkvojm`tk (sug vmcklohghm tktgc mj jmtrks pgrg gjfgs gs gåýms). \m vklä mstovmr usg`hk ujg grjghurg pmsghg, lkjk uj Ygllsuot ku Ghvg`lmh Fgttcm Hrmss, vklä prmlosgrç igzmr uj tmstm hm Ikråg pgrg jkvmr tkhg g sug lktg1 igcbg soe`oiolg so e`oiolg qum vklä sm jkvm pmcg jmtghm (ku uj qugrtk hm sug Ymcklohghm mj jmtrks).

 

CKLGC HM BOX, HGJL 7>.7 CKLGC HM BOX @krjgcjm`tm `ìk ï `mlmssçrok, jgs sm sm tkr`gr ojpkrtg`tm, vklä pkhm usgr k hogergjg gfgoxk pgrg vmr k`hm uj pmrsk`gemj iko gto`eohk. Vkcgr –oeugcgr‚ soe`oiolg qum smu cghk msqumrhk iko

77>> MOGKX@ MOGKX@ GB EG,M]JG VBL MG XMCO@LE V YMVJMCBK @K B

pkhm lk`lmhmr Yg`tgemj gk smu lkrpk sgcvk m`qug`tk hmslg`sg. K Hormtkr, m`trmtg`tk, pkhm hmlohor qum tm`tgr hmslg`sgr mj lorlu`stæ`logs ghvmrsgs (lkjk sm mslk`hmr hm prmhghkrms) lk`imrm Hmsvg`tgemj gk tmstm hm lurg.Yklä lurg.Yklä sü pkhm sm lurgr hk hmslg`sk ujg vmz pkr hog.

gto`eohk, m`qug`tk rkcgr –prkfgfocohghms‚ soe`oiolg qum k cghk hormotk iko gto`eohk.

7>4 LGFMÅG

.8 O@LK@\LOÄ@LOG M JKVXM

74 V. CME

7>.6 HG@K\

\mjprm qum vklä gto`eor > hm Yohg, igåg uj sgcvgjm`tk hm Lkrpk4 Igcbg soe`oiolg qum vklä jkrrm. \ulmssk soe`oiolg qum vklä iolg o`lk`slom`tm m k Hormtkr igrç ujg dkeghg smlrmtg `g jmsg gfgoxk pgrg hmslkfror qug`hk vklä rmlupmrgr g lk`sloä`log. @krjgcjm`tm, uj jmjfrk hg tropucgåìk lkj uj jmhslg``mr pkhm hmtmrjo`gr sug lk`hoåìk. Gcïj hossk, lom`tostgs m g`hrüohms qum pgssgj pkr uj Xmstm hm o`tmcmltk emrgcjm`tm pkhm hozmr, gssoj lkjk qugcqumr kutrg pmsskg lkj ujg Bgfocohghm rmcmvg`tm, lkjk ^rojmorks \klkrrks ku Fokckeog.

\mjprm qum vklä pmrhm uj tmstm hm Lkjfgtm rmsostohk, vklä rmlmfm hg`k qum ï suftrgêhk hm sug \gôhm. Gcïj hossk, sm k glmrtk iko uj glmrtk lrêtolk, ku sm vklä rmlmfmr jgos hg`k hk qum g jmtghm hm sug sgôhm jçxojg mj uj glmrtk, vklä prmlosgrç igzmr ujVkck ujVkck hm pæ`olk.

VKCK ^GVG YKLÄ VML]^MVGV G LK@\LOÄ@LOG ...

Yklä mstç mj lkjg m lkj jkrtm lmrmfrgc. \kjm`tm

7

ju`hk hmspmrtk.

00 Cmog jgos skfrm \trmss m ^æ`olk `gs pçeo`gs 6=-69.

7>.< LKJK M] L]VG; \mjprm qum vklä tovmr g lbg`lm hm hmslg`sgr pkr pmck jm`ks smos bkrgs, smu lkrpk tm`tgrç lurgr sugs imrohgs `gturgcjm`tm. ^grg rmprmsm`tgr ossk, gk hmslg`sgr, vklä hmvm igzmr uj\gcvgjm`tk lkrpkrgc m sm tovmr sulmssk, vklä lurg sgôhm oeugc î qug`tohghm qum kftmvm. Mj lgsk hm igcbg, vklä `ìk lk`smeum lurgr sugs imrohgs `gturgcjm`tm. Mj ujg igcbg lrêtolg, smus imrojm`tks pokrgj m vklä pmrhm 7h7> pk`tks hm vohg. ]j glmrtk lrêtolk, m`trmtg`tk, hkfrg g qug`tohghm hm Yohg lurghg. Yçroks jmholgjm`tks tgjfïj pkhmj lurgr vklä m gceu`s `gvoks sìk mquopghks lkj Jmhfgys qum

jmhohgs mxtrgkrho`çrogs k cmvgrìk hm vkctg gk

Mj 7h7> hogs, lkj 7 \gôhm. -= Ikråg,

6-<

- = Ymcklohghm, -= O`tmcmltk (pmrhg pmrjg`m`tm). Hmsvg`tgemj mj tkhks ks tmstms pkr 7h7> hogs.

+ 7h7> Mstrmssm.

8-9

Mj 7h7> bkrgs. 7 sgôhm. -= Ikråg m -= Ymcklohghm (pmrhg pmrjg`m`tm). Hmsvg`tgemj mj tkhks ks tmstms pkr 7h7> bkrgs. +< \trmss.

5-?

Mj 7h7> jo`utks. 7 sgôhm. -= Ikråg (pmrhg pmrjg`m`tm). Hmsvg`tgemj mj tkhks ks tmstms pkr jo`utks. +6 \trmss.

7>

Ojmhogtgjm`tm. 7 sgôhm. Hmsvg`tgemj mj tkhks ks tmstms pkr 7h7> jo`utks. +7 \trmss.

 

777 7

UBMG L UBMG GV^G KL@ X\ MV MV 4 GLJ VMJ G] CGKO@ XXOK@ G Mj @gvm Jìm, k usk hgs grjgs m lkjk vklä mslkcbm usç-cgs sìk juotk ojpkrtg`tms. G ju`oåìk lkstujg smr rmsujohg mj sm ujg grjg pkhmrksg, `gs jìks hm uj pmrsk`gemj `ìk trmo`ghk m mj pæ`olk, pkhm rgpohgjm`tm trg`sikrjgr ujg sotugåìk gf mj uj hmsgstrm.

77.7 GVJG\ Mj @gvm-jìm vklä usg smu Lkjfgt \tgt hurg`tm g cutg. B ujg Bgfocohghm rmcmvg`tm, lkjk Grjgs hm Ikek ku Lkjfgtm g lurtg hostæ`log, emrgcjm`tm gujm`tgjks smu Lkjfgtm \ tmjpkrgrogjm`tm, hg`hk g vklä uj `ôjmrk gctk pgrg rkcgr. Gs grjgs hm ghoåìk emrgcjm`tm pkssumj bgfocohghms mspmlogos prüprogs, qum pkhmj gujm`tgr go`hg jgos sugs lbg`lms hm skfrmvovä`log.

77.6 J]@OÅÌK Lghg grjg hmtïj gceu`s torks, k qum rmprmsm`tg qug`tgs vmzms vklä pkhm hospgrgr g grjg qum vklä hmvm rmlgrrmegr. \mjprm qum usgr sug grjg, jgrqum qug`tks torks vklä hmoxku g`tms hm rmlgrrmegr. \mjprm qum vklä rmgcozgr ujg gåìk, rmsmrvm uj tmjpk pgrg jgrlgr qug`tgs lçpsucgs, fgcgs ku rmvostgs vklä hmoxku lkjk w @ktg skfrm g lk`tgfocohghm4 g jgokrog hgs pmsskgs rgstrmog ju`oåýms. Mj ôctojg g`çcosm, ï pgrg k Ugrhm` sm vklä rgstrmog uj ku `ìk, jgs pgrg dkeks krom`tghks pgrg g skfrmvovä`log, `üs k rmlkjm`hgjks. @ìk ï tg`tk smr "rmgcostg", jgs soj qum lkrrmr lkj ju`oåìk cmvg g tkhks ks topks hm dkek o`tmr`k, k`hm ks dkeghkrms prklurgj grjgs m ju`oåýms, ku ojprkvosgj grjgs g pgrtor hm kfdmtks m`lk`trghks, ku gtï jmsjk jmxmr mj sugs grjgs pgrg usgr g ju`oåìk mcms m`lk`trgj. ]sg`hk –fuccmt‚ t ku iolbgs hm pøqumr pgrg rmprmsm`tgr 7, =, ujg tglghg pkhm tkr`gr mssg lk`tgfocohghm jgos içloc `g jmsg, dç qum ks dkeghkrms sü prmlosgj g`ktgr lkj qum qug`tohghm lkjmågj ku tmrjo`gj ujg smssìk. Yklä tgjfïj pkhm usgr uj hghk pkcoïhrolk m gfgoxç-cks lk`ikrjm vklä hospgrg lghg tork.

 

7766

GVJG\4 VG@EM, VMCKGHLOB 7 IGORG grjg hm ck`ek gclg`lm tmj lurtk, jïhok m gclg`lm gsskloghks g mcg. Igoxg bkrt4 Grjgs hospgrg`hk hm`trk hmstg g`em (ku o`imrokr) `ìk skirmj `m`bujg pm`gcohghm `k Lkjfgt \tgt hk bkktmr. Hm jïhok gclg`lm4 Grjgs hospgrg`hk `mstg g`em lk`imrmj

ujg pm`gcohghm hm -7>% î mstgtêstolg hm lkjfgtm hk gtorghkr.

Egjg k`e4 Mstg ï g hostæ`log jçxojg qum g grjg pkhm gto`eor lkj miolçlog. @k vçluk hk mspgåk, ujg fgcg hospgrghg pkhm vogdgr ` hostæ`log o`hmio`ohg - jgs pkr lgusg hk g`mc mj ujg `gvm ku mj uj pcg`mtg, mstm ï k gclg`lm jçxojk hg grjg. Hospgrgr `mstg g`em lk`imrm Hmsvg`tgemj gk tmstm hm Lkjfgtm hk Gtorghkr. jpcm4 Gfmc mstç jorg`hk lkj smu Voicm O`tmcoem`tm mj uj mlm`çrok hmsk`mstk g 8=> j hm hostæ`log, mslk`hohk `g lrgtmrg hm uj rkoh. Gfmc mstç mjpkcmorghk `k tkpk hm ujg gctg lrostg m tmj uj fkj pk`tk hm ohghm `k jmrlm`çrok. K Lkjfgtm hm Gfmc tmj (vs. rmsostä`log hm grjghurg)4

\mu kpk`m`tm hmvm suftrgor 7> hm smu tmstm hm rmsostä`log hm Grjghurg gk rkcgr lk`trg mstg grjg.

 

7<

GVJG\4 GVJG\ HM LKJFGXM

Mspmltrkslüpok4 Yosìk @ktur`g / Xïrjolg

\ostmjg \jgrt-co`a4 + 7> (Lkjfgtm sm mstovmr usg`hk B]H).

Æjfotk tïrjolk4 Yosìk Xïrjolg

Vkhghgs hm pmriurgåìk hm grjghurg4 - 7> (lk`trg rmsostä`log hm grjghurg). x76 iktks pkr rmvostg

\A 7>? \MMAMV \J

7H]JG>7VX

VOICM HJE4 7H7> *

* Hg`k tropck mj glmrtks lrêtolks.

Cg`åghkr hm erg`ghgs hm fkjfg hm gåìk4

^kssuo 9 Irge Erm`ghms. I6> –ÇVFOXVK‚ ^]7muH\7M> VOICM HJE4 =H7>

Vkhghgs hm iüsikrk4 x6 hm hg`k mj glmrtk lrêtolk. 7 (j.

AG@K R? LK7J

H7F>@K \BKXE]@ HJE4 6H7> *

* 7/6 hm hg`k g jïhok gclg`lm. 7/8 hm hg`k g ck`eg hostæ`log.

\tkrjgssguct \cues4 Vmfgtohg gk glmrtgr.

A`klahkw` `k glmrtk lrêtolk. 8 torks pkr rmlgreg

GVJG 6? \]7 7

FHJ>GLBO@M E]@ HJE4 8H7>

Mstkqum hkfrçvmc4 ^mrjotm smeurgr lkj ujg jìk.

Hgrhks Xrg`q4 K gcvk hmvm igzmr uj

Vmvostg hm uctrg lgpglohghm4 7 (=) iktks pkr rmvostg. I@ –\C]E E]@‚ VMYÜCYMV HJE4

sgcvgjm`tk hm lkrpk mj

Yg`tgemj ku qumhg

^MGFKH_ \O@GCOTGHKV HJE4 7H7>

o`lk`slom`tm pkr 7h7> rkhghgs (rkcgemj smlrmtg).

9 iktks pkr rmvostg

Ao`mto-\cues4 A`klahkw` `k glmrtk lrêtolk. - = (vs. rmsostä`log hm grjghurg). 2 torks pkr rmlgreg

Icgrm hm gctg o`tm`sohghm4 Yosêvmc hog m `kotm g pgrtor hm 6=aj. ck`em. 6 torks pkr rmlgreg

H&L 5

^O\XKCG XVG@W]OCOTGHKVG HJE4 @ / G *

* Xmj pktm`logc pgrg hmoxgr k gcvk o`lk`slom`tm, lk`suctm k tmxtk mj lgoxg.

 

78

GVJG\4 GVJG\ M\^MLOGO\

Grpìk hm lgrfk`k rmtrçtoc4 ]sghk `g jo`mrgåìk. Gk smr gto`eohk, k gcvk hmvm sgcvgr k lkrpk ku iolgr mjpgtghk.

Jolrkiocgjm`tk4

Hmtïj 7 tork.

=>>j. Hoiêloc hm lkrtgr.

7HE7mu>@E E]@ HJE4 6H7> *

BG@-6?> MW]O^GJM@XK

* 7h  7h7> 7> h  hj je sm sm k g  grp rpìk ìk ik  ikrr pu puxghk pg  pgrg rg ik  ikrg rg h  hk k g  gcv  cv k

Cgsmr hm imoxm gjpck4 Lk`struêhk pgrg hmstruor `gvoks. Gclg`lm hm 5>>j. Cmvg 7 rkhghg pgrg rmlgrrmegr g lghg tork. -7= (vs. rmsostä`log hm grjghurg).

Fgtmrog skcgr Jmeg-HR4 Hmtïj 9 torks g cgsmr. Cmvg 7 bkrg pgrg rmlgrrmegr vog emrghkr hk `gvok ku 9 bkrgs vog m`mreog skcgr. J@L JKHMCK G CG\

7HM7V>LKVXGHKV HJE4 H% *

* k  ku u 7 J  JH HJE sm gto gtorg rg` `hk lk` lk`tr trg g uj uj v mêl êluck uck k  ku u `gv ok ok

Gcåg Oe`otmr

Xg`qum hm lkjfustêvmc o`icgjçvmc4

Hospgrg lbgjgs cêquohgs gtï 6>j. K ikek pmrjg`mlm k`hm pkusg. Hmtïj 2 torks.

VGJBKV@ 7 ICG7J

H7M> GXOVGHKV HJE4 6H7> *

* F  Fk khy  sg sgv  v m k  ku u s  sm mr o` o`llm`hog ogh hk. 7h7> h  hj je / t  tu ur`k.

VK\LK \\9 ^O\XKCG

HM ^VMEK\ HJE4 6H7>

\cues hm prmek pgrg smrvoåk pmsghk4 Lk`struêhk pgrg rmpgrks hm `gvms mspglogos.

- 7> (vs. rmsostä`log hm grjghurg).

Gfskråìk hm lbkqum

Mspujg hm m`hurmlojm`tk rçpohk4

Lo`tg hm kjfrk

Gk glmrtgr, Lkrpk sgcvg pgrg mvotgr. G mspujg lkfrm k mspgåk hm jmtrks

Vmvostg hm prmeks lkj lgrrmeghkr gutkjçtolk4

qughrghks. Vmqumr tmstm hm Ikråg Q-Z



BGCC\ F \MVOM\ ^O\XKCG

HM M\^]JG HJE4 @ / G *

 

7= GVJGH]VG\

YGLL\]OX GVJKV \GYM4 +5%

XMV@K HM ^MVOEK

K trgdm fçsolk usghk hurg`tm g kpmrgåìk `k mspgåk.

GVJKV \GYM4 +=%

± Wug`hk lk`mltghk g

Lk`struêhk pgrg lom`tostgs m

uj tg`qum hm kxoeä`ok, rmtïj K6 suiolom`tm pkr 76 bkrgs ku 9 bkrgs skf mstrmssm.

± Lk`tïj lurtk gclg`lm

mxpckrghkrms usgrmj mj pcg`mtgs gcom`êem`gs. ± Ioctrk hm gr m pkhm grjgzm`gr

lkju`olgåýms m hkos

gtï 7 bkrg hm gr mj uj

igrüos.

pmqum`k tg`qum hm kxoeä`ok m

± Ymroiolgåýms hm vmcklohghm imotgs mj

uj Ygllsuot mstç smjprm mj hmsvg`tgemj.

± \m pmriurghk, jk`otkr o`tmr`k orç

g`ô`lok hm skj hmslkjprmssìk mj 9> smeu`hks.

pkhm ioctrgr g jgokrog hgs gtjksimrgs tüxolgs. ± ^rktmem lk`trg sotugåýms mxtrmjgs

lgckr m irok. ± Vmlupmrghkr hm bohrgtgåìk

sostmjg, pkhm igzmr 7 cotrk hm çeug hurgr 8 hogs.

± O`lcuo k`hgs lurtgs lkju`olgåìk m igrkc.

 

79 GVJGH]VG\

FGXGCBG GYG@ÅGHG YM\XOV GVJKV \GYM4 +7=% Xrgdm pghrìk pgrg iuzocmorks `gvgos ojpcg`tghks mj lkjfgtms pmsghks ikrg hk ju`hk.

± O`lcuo k`hgs lurtgs lkju`olgåìk (mj uj sostmjg imlbghk lkj kutrk

MW]O^M ^GHVÌK GXXOVM

iuzocmorks `gvgos mj sug u`ohghm), lgjm hk lkrpk, igrkc.

± Xmj uj pmqum`k mxkmsqumcmtk tmlohk `g rkupg qum pmrjotm qum k iuzocmork `gvgc lgrrmeum k hkfrk hk pmsk qum `krjgcjm`tm lgrrmegrog. ± Ymroiolgåýms hm vmcklohghm imotgs

mj GFHs mstìk smjprm mj hmsvg`tgemj.

GVJKV \GYM4 +>%

Jglglìk m lkurk lgsglks. G rkupg pghrìk usghg pmcks jmjfrks hg tropucgåìk g fkrhk hm ujg `gvm mspglogc. Xrgdm fçsolk gssujohk pgrg tkhks

Gucgs.

 

75

MW]O^GJM@XK OXMJ

L]\XK

HM\LVOÅÌK

Gvg`åghk

7=>>

Vkupg hm lkjfgtm pmsghg usghg pkr iuzocmorks `gvgos mj lkjfgtms ikrg hk ju`hk mj fgtgcbg. Mcm lk`imrm uj fø`us hm + 7=% `k tmstm hm rmsostä`log hm Grjghurg hk usuçrok. Mcm tmj uj pmqum`k mxk-msqumcmtk qum pmrjotm gk usuçrok lgrrmegr k hkfrk hk qum `krjgcjm`tm pkhmrog.

Ymstohk hm fgtgcbg

Gutkjmh (x9)

>

Lkjprojohks `g`ktml`kcüeolks qum gduhgj smu lkrpk g rmpgrgr hg`ks. Mcms hìk + 7>% pgrg sgcvgjm`tks hm Lkrpk hmsto`ghks g rmpmcor hkm`ågs, vm`m`k m tm`tgtovgs hm lurg, m + 7>% pgrg sgcvgjm`tks hm Jmhk imotks pgrg rmhuzor k \trmss.

Fo`ülucks Fokslg``mr



Gjpcogåìk hm 6>x. Irmqóm`tmjm`tm, väj lkj kpåýms hm vosìk tïrjolg m `ktur`g. ^mrjotm qum k usuçrok mxgjo`m g çrmg ojmhogtg mj fuslg hm so`gos hm vohg. Emrgcjm`tm pkhm mslg`mgr 7>>j mj tkhgs gs hormåýms, smj smr fckqumghk pmcg jgokrog hks jmtgos lk`bmlohks. ^khm hozmr g cklgcozgåìk hks so`gos hm vohg, jgs `ìk k qum ï mssg vohg.

Fkhy Lgj

=>

]jg læjmrg usghg mj sug rkupg qum pkhm trg`sjotor vêhmk hm vkctg g uj lm`trk hm lk`trkcm pgrg qum ks kutrks jmjfrks hg mquopm pkssgj vmr k qum vklä mstç vm`hk.

6=>

Xm`hg, Lg`to`g, Ikeìk, Jklbocg, \glk hm Hkrjor

6=

Lk`imrm Yg`tgemj `ks tmstms hm Ikråg pgrg gfror mlcusgs hm gr mjpmrrghgs ku cmvg`tgr kfdmtks pmsghks. Xgjfïj pkhm smr usghk lkjk grjg.

=>>

^mrjotm qum k usuçrok mslg`mom g`hrüohms m kutrks kreg`osjks lofmr`ïtolks pgrg hoge`kstolgr qugosqumr prkfcmjgs iêsolks ku jm`tgos qum pkssgj mstgr

Mquopgjm`tk hm glgjpgjm`tk

^ï hm lgfrg

Lofmr`ïtolk Hoge`üstolk

tm`hk. Irmqum`tmjm`tm hmslk`ioghk pkr g`hrüohms. ^khm smr usghk lkjk hospksotovk hm cklgcozgåìk hm kreg`osjks so`tïtolks.

\lg``mr Mcmtrø`olk

9=>

]j lk`du`tk lkjpcmtk hm imrrgjm`tgs pgrg igzmr rmpgrks hmtgcbghks ku trgfgcbks hm lk`struåìk mj mcmtrø`olks. Lk`imrm + 7>% gks rkcks qum fuslgj lk`smrtgr mcmtrø`olks.



]j pmqum`k hospksotovk qum mjotm uj so`gc cujo`ksk m, mj smeuohg, mjotm uj fopm gctk g lghg pkulks smeu`hks. Gcïj hossk, m`vog ujg lbgjghg mj

Lk`du`tk hm Imrrgjm`tgs

Mjmreä`log

Fgcozg

tkhks ks lg`gos hm rçhok pgrg `gvoks ku vmêlucks `g çrmg. ^khm smr lk`ioeurghk pgrg smr socm`loksk ku pgrg igzmr lbgjghgs gpm`gs mj lg`gos lk`bmlohks.

Vmeostrghkr hm Lgjpk

=>

Aot hm projmorks sklkrrks

5=

Wug`hk usghk, gholok`g + 7>% gks rkcks imotks pgrg lurgr imrohgs m pgrgr k

Cg`tmr`g

7>

sg`ergjm`tk. ^krtçtoc ku jk`tghk `k kjfrk, ocujo`g 6>j î irm`tm hk usuçrok.

Erg`ghg hm irgejm`tgåìk

8>>

Irmqóm`tmjm`tm väj lgrrmeghks mj roicms pucsg`tms, erg`ghgs hm irgejm`tgåìk lgusgj 7h7> hm hg`k g tkhks mj uj rgok hm 6> j qug`hk

(x9)

Xrgdm hm ^mroek

]sghk pgrg pmsquosgr ickrg m igu`g mxütolgs `k lgjpk. ^khm lkcmtgr so`gos votgos, gjkstrgs hm H@G m rmgcozgr g`çcosms em`ïtolgs m jgtmrogos fçsolgs mj kfdmtks mstrg`bks.

mxpckhmj. Juotgs vmzms pkhmj igzmr 7JHJE pgrg uj `gvok sm lkcklghk mj sug lgsg hm jçquo`gs ku pk`tm.

5=>

]j trgdm pghrìk pgrg ks lom`tostgs usgrmj mj pcg`mtgs gcom`êem`gs. @ìk iko lk`struêhk pgrg vogem`s mspglogos lkjk k vgllsuot, jgs ikr`mlm ioctrgemj hm gr m uj pmqum`k suprojm`tk hm gr, fmj lkjk + =% hm prktmåìk hm grjghurg.

Gtm`åìk

5=

Jkstrgr

Irmqóm`tmjm`tm Irmqóm`tmjm `tm usghk pkr iuzocmorks `gvgos, k B]H pmrjotm qum k usuçrok vmdg gtrgvïs hgs læjmrgs lkrpkrgos hm kutrgs pmsskgs mj sug u`ohghm m gprkvmotm ks rmlursks hm lk`mxìk o`tmcoem`tm hm sugs grjgs.

7>>

^mrjotm qum k usuçrok vmdg gsso`gturgs hm lgckr, îs vmzms lkj vçrogs bkrgs.

Cklgcozghkr

8=

Wug`hk usghk, pmrjotm qum ks jmjfrks hg tropucgåìk mj uj lm`trk hm lk`trkcm (ku `g pk`tm hm uj `gvok) rgstrmomj g cklgcozgåìk hk usuçrok.

Lk`du`tk Cklapola

8>

]j lk`du`tk gctgjm`tm gvg`åghk hm imrrgjm`tgs hmsto`ghgs g bglamgr sostmjgs fçsolks hm mlcusgs hm gr m pkrtgs mcmtrø`olgs. Lk`imrm + 7>% `ks

O`irgvmrjmcbk

Ülucks

rkcks imotks pgrg gfror mssgs pkrtgs. Ck`ek gclg`lm

9=

^grg usk `g lkju`olgåìk `gvok-supmriêlom.

==

Lk`lmhm ujg mjpu`bghurg jge`ïtolg gk usuçrok, pmrjoto`hk qum mcm lgjo`bm iglocjm`tm `g supmriêlom hm ujg `gvm (`k mspgåk, m`qug`tk g`lkrghg

Lkjjs

Jge-Fkkts

ku icutug`hk covrmjm`tm), ku gstmrüohms fgsmghks mj jmtgc.

Jmhslg``mr

7=>

JVM (x5)

5>

Xg`qum hm kxoeä`ok

=>

^mrjotm qum k usuçrok mslg`mom uj lkrpk vovk ku jkrtk m g`gcosm-k mj fuslg hm hkm`ågs ku g`krjgcohghms, smj tmr qum igzmr ujg foüpsog (ku gutüpsog). –Vmimoåýms prk`tgs pgrg lkjmr.‚ Vgåýms hm lgjpk o`hovohugos m o`hmpm`hm`tms mj mjfgcgem`s cmvms. Lghg uj tmj sustm`tk suiolom`tm pgrg ujg ô`olg pmsskg pkr uj hog (`ìk o`lcuo çeug).

Wug`hk g`mxghk g uj vgllsuot pmrjotm gtï 76 bkrgs hm kxoeä`ok mj lorlu`stæ`logs `krjgos. 8 bkrgs mj lorlu`stæ`logs mstrmssg`tms. Mxpcksovk.

 

72

MW]O^GJM@XK OXMJ

L]\XK

^êcucgs pgrg hkr (x9)

8=>

Vghok Dgjjmr

75=

Wug`hk gtovghk, tkr`g o`lkjprmm`sêvmos ks so`gos hm rçhok hm tkhks mj uj rgok hm 7>> aj.

Vmfrmgtbmr

8=

Wug`hk usghk, ioctrg k gr m pmrjotm g rmsporgåìk sufgquçtolg pkr gtï vo`tm jo`utks smj rmssureor. Lk`lmhm + 7>% pgrg

Fosturo

=>

qugcqumr uj qum iozmr tmstms hm pmrêlog Lorureog. ^khm smr usghk lkjk grjg.



^mrjotm g lkju`olgåìk hm `gvok g `gvok g ujg hostæ`log rgzkçvmc, fmj lkjk hm supmriêlom g supmriêlom mj gtï 76 quocøjmtrks.

Lurtk gclg`lm Lkjjs

^ghrìk

5=>

Wug`hk o`emrohk ojmhogtgjm`tm lurg 7h7> pk`tks hm hg`k m rmhuz k \trmss mj 7. Mxostm k pmroek hm vêlok m / ku kvmrhksm sm usghk lkj irmquä`log.

Mstg grjghurg cmvm ï k vmstohk pghrìk pgrg iuzocmorks iuzocmorks `gvgos o`hk pgrg k lkjfgtm m lk`imrm uj fø`us hm + 7>% `k tmstm hm rmsostä`log hm Grjghurg hk usuçrok.

Ymstohk hm fgtgcbg

Xropucgåìk ^ghrìk

HM\LVOÅÌK

6>

Xrgdm

Jglglýms, dgqumtgs hm lkurk, tä`os, rmegtg ku lgjosmtg msigrrgpghg. G rkupg pghrìk usghg pmcks jmjfrks hg tropucgåìk g fkrhk hm ujg `gvm mspglogc. Xrgdm gssujohk pghrìk pgrg tkhgs gs lcgssms.

\tojpga (x9)

9>>

Aot hm ^msquosg

6>>

Lk`lmhm 6h7> ojmhogtks î \gôhm m gujm`tg tmjpkrgrogjm`tm g Ikråg m k Lkjfgtm mj 6h7> lghg pkr 7h7> bkrgs. Mxostm k pmroek hm hmpm`hä`log m / ku kvmrhksm sm usghk lkj irmquä`log. Wug`hk usghk `g supmriêlom hm uj pcg`mtg, pmrjotm k jgpmgjm`tk rçpohk hm gceu`s quocøjmtrks prüxojks, fmj lkjk hghks skfrm rmsporgfocohghm hk gr, ergvohghm m kutrgs lgrgltmrêstolgs lgrgltmrêstolgs `ktçvmos ojpkrtg`tms hg pgosgemj pgosgemj lorlu`hg`tm.

Jglglìk

7>>>

^mrjotm k jkvojm`tk `k mspgåk smj skirmr pm`gcohghms pkr rghogåìk ku igctg hm kxoeä`ok. Vmqumr uj tg`qum hm kxoeä`ok pgrg rmsporgr. Irmqóm`tmjm`tm usghk lkj fktgs Jge m ujg grjg hm lkrhgjm. Lk`imrm + 5% gks tmstms hm rmsostä`log hm grjghurg.

Yofmlbmtm

5=

Jglbmtm qum vofrg g vmcklohghms uctrg-gctgs pgrg lkrtgr hm ikrjg cojpg g ikcbgemj hm`sg. ^khm smr usghk lkjk grjg. ^khm

Ioctrk hm çeug

7=

fkjfmgr => cotrks hm çeug ioctrghg pkr bkrg, jmsjk `ks pæ`tg`ks jgos sgckfrgs.

Juotgs vmzms, g hoimrm`åg m`trm g vohg m g jkrtm mj @gvmjìm ï tmr gs imrrgjm`tgs lmrtgs pgrg k trgfgcbk mj qumstìk. Glojg mstç ujg costg `ìk gfrg`em`tm hks topks hm mquopgjm`tk qum vklä m`lk`trgrç mj@gvm-jìm. mj@gvm-jìm.

72.7 ^GXVOJØ@OK O@OLOGC M LVÏHOXK\

`ôjmrk tkjghk, igåg uj sgcvgjm`tk hm lkrpk. Igcbg soe`oiolg qum vklä lgou o`lk`slom`tm m k Hormtkr rkcg `g jmsg hg pçeo`g 7>.8. Yklä pkhm lurgr uj vêlok pkr jmok hm trgtgjm`tk `k dkek ku sufo`hk hm `êvmc. 00 Cmog jgos skfrm \trmss m ^æ`olk `gs pçeo`gs 6=-69. 00 Cmog jgos skfrm lkjk sufor hm `êvmc `gs pçeo`gs * 7> pgrg smus lrïhotks o`ologos.

72.6 YÊLOK K usk mxlmssovk hm g`gceïsolks ku \tojpgas rmqumr uj \gcvgr k lkrpk pgrg prmvm`or k vêlok. ]jg vmz vologhk, igåg

uj sgcvgjm`tk lkrpkrgc hoçrok ku eg`bm 7h7> hm mstrmssm tkhks ks hogs smj. \m ikr usghk ujg vmz pkr hog hurg`tm ujg smjg`g, vklä prmlosgrç tkjgr k hkfrk hg qug`tohghm hm lkjprojohks pgrg kftmr k jmsjk mimotk.

\mjprm qum vklä tkjgr jgos hm uj lkjprojohk pkr vmz, rkcm 7h7>. \m vklä rkcgr oeugc ku gfgoxk hk

 

7?

H7>> XVO@AMX\ Vkcm `mstg jmsg hurg`tm g lrogåìk hk pmrsk`gemj pgrg m`lk`trgr uj fueoeg`eg. Xgjfïj pkhm smr usghk smjprm qum vklä vgslucbgr ks fkcsks, lkrpk, fmcolbm ku jklbocg hm gceuïj pgrg m`lk`trgr uj otmj gcmgtürok hoe`k hm `ktg. H7>> XVO@AMX

H7>> XVO@AMX

H7>> XVO@AMX

>



Eorkslüpok, Fm`t, Xo`

57

Rêlgrg hm lgiï, cgslghg, IMCOLOHGHM Ï KFVOEGXÜVOG

Gfmrrgåìk O`smltoc ^rmsmrvghg

\kcolotgåìk rmdmotghg (`gvok hg lkcø`og)

]jg lbgr`mlg vgrrohg pmck vm`tk

Ighmh Ermm` ^kamr Lbop

7 6 < 8 = 9 5 2 ? 7> 77 76 7< 78 7= 79 75 72 7? 6> 67 66 6< 68 6= 69 65 62 6?
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