Morro Solar Modificado

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE

SAN MARCOS

Facultad de Ingeniería Geológica, Minera, Metalúrgica Metalúrgica y Geográfica EAP Ingeniería Geográfica

Estratigrafía del Morro Solar Alumnos: • Panez Alderete Angelica Milayda • Rodríguez Cruz Janeth Rosario • Silva Rojas Ronny Javier • Solórzano Minaya Sauri Chansu • Victoria Francia Ángel Jesús Curso

: Geología

Profesora

: Ing. Rosa Medina Sandoval

Aula

: 1er Ciclo - Grupo B

2015

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ÍNDICE Introducción

1

I. Generalidades

3

1. Ubicación Geográfica 2. Accesibilidad 3. Clima 4. Demografía 5. Historia 6. Hitos Urbanos 7. Turis urismo mo 8. Arqueología 9. Paleontología

4 5 5 6 7 9 9 10 12

II. Estratigrafía del Morr Morroo Solar

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INTRODUCCION La tierra es un objeto de estudio muy complejo y su entendimiento costó mucho al hombre a través del tiempo. Para su estudio integral, nació la geología como ciencia. La geología es la ciencia que estudia la Tierra, su composición, su estructura, los fenómenos que han ocurrido y que ocurren en la actualidad, su evolución como planeta, su relación con los astros del Universo así como la evolución de la  vida mediante los documento documentoss que de ella han quedad en las rocas. Si nos situamos en nuestro entorno existen diferentes estructuras o huellas que han quedado en el ambiente que nos sirven para entender nuestro pasado geológico. Una de esta infinidad de estructuras presentes en el globo terráqueo es el Morro Solar, ubicado en el ditrito de Chorrillos al sur de Lima metropolitana, la cual estudiaremos para lograr comprender como es que se originó y transformó a través de los años, valiéndonos de las rocas que se encuentran contenidas en él. Si nos detenemos a analizar esta formación, también hemos de estudiar su entorno y el impacto sociocultural, económico e histórico que influye en sus alrededores. Esta formación rocosa, símbolo de la localidad, es frecuentada por diversas personas que se encargan de estudiar las ciencias de la tierrra debido a la extensa información geológica que podemos encontrar en sus estructuras. Además, es punto turístico del distrito chorrillano, puesto que podemos encontra el Planetario Solar, miradores y diversos monumentos históricos. En el present presentee informe analizaremos específicamente la estratigrafía del Morro Solar a través de 17 puntos geográficos, tomados a base de una visita de campo, para poder p oder analizar con exactitud la geología predominante en la zona. Como objetivos específicos tenemos los siguientes puntos: 1. Conocer la ubicación geográfica del morro solar. 2. Analizar el impacto sociocultural que influye en la sociedad. 3. Valorar su pasado histórico. 4. Estudiar la estratigrafia de la formació formación. n. 5. Deducir, a través de nuestra investigación, el pasado geológico de la zona sur de Lima 6. Reconocer la composición mineralóg mineralógica ica de las rocas que forman el morro solar.

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I. GENERALIDADES

En el presente capítulo abordaremos aspectos generales de los alrededores de nuestro objeto de estudio, el Morro Solar. Presentaremos en específico las condiciones geográficas, culturales, sociales e históricas del distrito de Chorrillos, lugar donde se ubica la estructura. Esto es necesario para poder entender la influencia que estos factores han determinado de alguna manera en el Morro, así como la influencia del Morro en el distrito sureño.

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1. Ubicación Geográfica El Distrito de Chorrillos se encuentra ubicado en el delta marginal de cuenca del Río Rímac, DeD epartamento de Lima .Está ubicado, entre los distritos de Barranco y Santiago de Surco, San Juan de Miraflores y Villa El Salvador. Por el Sur y Oeste limita con el mar de Grau desde la Playa Villa, sus tierras están asentadas en las estribaciones de la Cordillera C ordillera de los Andes y como parte de la realidad geográfica de Lima L ima metropolitana.

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2. Accesibilidad 3. Clima El morro, se ubica en Chorrillos, distrito del suroeste de Lima. Tomando como referencia la UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS, para llegar al Morro es necesario tomar la Av Av. Universitaria Universitaria hasta el cruce con el circuit circuitoo de playas. Si se encuentra en Cercado de Lima, puede dirigirse por la av. Brasil o la Av. Tingo maría, hasta el cruce con la Av. del Ejército, a partir de aquí, toma el circuito de playas. Si va con el metropolitano, baja en la estación Fernando Terán, a partir de aquí tomar la Av. Av. Fernando Fernand o Terán Terán hasta el cruce cru ce con la la Av. Defensores del Morro, luego se dirige hasta el cruce con la Av. Huaylas. En conclusión, desde cualquier punto de Lima debes llegar a la primera cuadra de la avenida Huaylas o Defensores del Morro. De aquí puedes tomar un taxi o dirigirse

El clima del área es típico de la costa central del Perú con una estación invernal caracterizada por cielos grises, intensa humedad y suaves lloviznas entre junio y septiembre, y una cálida o de verano entre diciembre y marzo. Presenta precipitaciones totales que alcanzan un promedio anual de 60mm. La temperatura media anual es de 18..6°C y la humedad relati va fluctúa entre entre 85 y 99% El anticiclón del Pacífico Sur, produce subsidencia generando abundante nubosidad estratiforme, que explica la escasa esc asa precipitación y la predominancia de vientos de componente sur que en promedio alcanzan, velocidades de 3m/s. Estos vientos en combinación con la corriente peruana producen nieblas de advección característicos de esta zona.

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Mapa de Accesibilidad

4. Demografía

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5. Historia En el año 1679 el virrey Conde de Lemos  visitó Chorrillos en busca de baños y de mejor clima. Unos años después, en 1688 sobre los terrenos que el alférez español Francisco Carranza donó a sus primeros pobladores, unos cuantos indígenas que se dedicaban a la pesca p esca en Surco, se fundó la villa en 1950. Más tarde, a partir de las nuevas donaciones de don Francisco Pérez Pérez Cormenante, Chorrillos empieza a cobrar  vida. La resistencia resistencia que los españoles opusieron a la causa de la independencia en la asediada Fortaleza del Real Felipe, en el Callao, obligó a los patriotas peruanos a utilizarla como puerto. Obtenida la independencia, ese lugar inició un auge inusitado y se convirtió en un sitio de recreo insuperable en América. Durante la gestión gubernamental de Don Agustín Gamarra la población de Chorrillos se dupli duplicó có y las construcciones experimentaron experimentar on una notable mejora. A las rústicas chozas de caña y totora que campeaban le sucedió el adobe. Un ejemplo de

la costa y ostentaba dos glorietas. Diseminadas en toda su extensión había un gran número de bancas y macetas de grandes dimensiones. El tráfico entre la capital y la promisoria promi soria villa se hacía con toda clase de acémilas y carretas. Los coches y las calesas eran empleados por la clase pudiente. Y a pesar de la excelencia de estos medios y la seguridad con la que se viajaba no se podía evitar los inconvenientes de una carretera desigual y los riesgos evidentes. Estas peripecias desapar des aparecieron ecieron cuando el 7 de noviembre de 1858 se inaugur inauguraa el tra-

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siglo XIX. Esto en alusión a los chorrillos de agua que se desprenden de los barrancos hacia el lado de la playa Agua Dulce. Su demarcación quedaba encerrada entonces entre la falda del Morro Solar y la quebrada que después se llamó Tenderini, y entre los potreros de la hacienda Villa y la Av. de la Rivera, denominada con el correr de los años Calle de Lima. Esta última denominación aún se mantiene en la actualidad. Chorrillos fue devastado durante la Guerra del Pacífico (1879-1883). Si bien no recuperó su antiguo esplendor, la villa se reconstruyó después y continuó albergando a los sectores pudientes de la capital hasta que el terremoto de 1940 le dio la estocada final. Sin embargo, subsisten algunos monumentos históricos, unas gráciles y hermosas playas que for-

man parte de la Costa Verde, siendo el sector de Chorrillos más abrigado contra el viento y el mar mar,, lo que hace sus playas aptas para la familia y niños; y tener un microclima excepcional. Es muy frecuente la práctica del surf en las playas chorrillanas. También se encuentran en Chorrillos una serie de establecimien establecimientos tos que ofrecen a sus visitantes los mejores frutos del mar. Hoy en día, Chorrillos es un distrito heterogéneo, dividido entre un "centro" al norte del distrito, habitado mayormente por una clase media, donde se encuentran enc uentran los restos de su pasado como balneario, en la zona de sus malecones cuenta con modernos edificios con vista al mar.

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6. Hitos Urbanos En Chorrillos se puede visitar el Planetario que cuenta desde el 2010 con un sistema Digital siendo el más moderno del país y al lado el llamado Observatorio de Lima, que posee algunos telescopios telescopios entre los que destacan el Celestron 14" y 2 Refractores Ecuatoriales, Ecuatoriales, todo el conjunto se sitúa en la cima del Morro Solar que identifica a Chorrillos. El Morr Morroo Solar tiene en su cima el monumento al Soldado Desconocido, símbolo de la defensa de Lima, también se encuentra la gran Cruz que ilumina toda la Bahía y se aprecia desde cualquier punto punto de la Costa Verde, asimismo alberga a la Virgen del Morro y el monumento al héroe Miguel Iglesias. Su vista a la bahía de Lima L ima hasta La Punta, en el puerto del Callao, es atractiva tanto de día como de noche.

En Chorrillos tienen sede 2 importan importantes tes y exclusivos clubes sociales peruanos: • Regatas Lima • Centro Cultural Deportivo Lima Su templo católico principal es el de San Pedro La Avenida Defensores del Morro (anteriormente Huaylas) Huaylas) es la via principal de Chorrillos, y conecta con varias zonas del Sector 9 de Surco. El recorrido comienza en el Malecón Grau y termina en la Panamericana Sur (Puente Huaylas).

7. Turismo Circuitos tursísticos: Circuito 1: Ecología y esparcimiento • Los Pantanos Pantanos de Villa

Calendario turístico: • 2 de enero: enero: Fecha de aniversario de la creación creación política de la ciudad de chorrillos. • 13 de enero: enero: Aniversario Aniversario de la Batalla de San Juan en el Morro Solar.

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8. Arq Arqueología ueología do cultura ICHMA. Los pobladores de esta cultura arquitectónicamente levantaron grandes estructuras de tipo pirámide trunca. Una de estas, ubicada en Armatambo, al lado del Morro Solar, fue su asentamiento principal. Hacia el año 1440 d.C. los señoríos de Lima y Lurín fueron conquistados e incorporados al Imperio Inca. La conquista de las poblaciones de Lima se produjo durante el gobierno del Inca Pachacutec y estuvo a cargo de su hijo Túpac Yupanqui, quien después accedería a la jefatura del imperio, las evidencias arqueológicas señalan que muchos

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readas para el consumo de los vecinos de Lima. Esta fama ha de pervivir a pesar del paso de los tiempos. El nombre actual "Chorrillos" debe haberse establecido en una visita v isita que le hizo el Virrey Conde de Lernos y su esposa en 1670; desde entonces, se aplica ese nombre a este lugar de abundantes abundantes chorrillos que caen desde los acantilados hacia el mar mar,, y esta nueva denominación va reemplazando, al inicio extraoficialmente, a la anterior para hacerle honor al momento agradable que vive la condesa durante su estancia.

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9. Paleontología EL Morro Solar y las islas San Lorenzo pertenecen a la misma era geológica (Crestácico inferior) y constituyen la reserva de fósiles más importante que tiene Lima. Sus rocas corresponden a la era de los dinosaurios y ahí se han encontrado numerosos invertebrados y algunos vertebrados (peces). El 10 de diciembre del 2000, como parte de las exploraciones que algunos socios activos de la APA hacen periódicamente, se descubrió el primer reptil marino del Morro Solar y del Perú; se trata de un espécimen del orden Plesiosaurios. EL PLESIOSAURIO o PLIOSAURIO DEL MORRO SOLAR  a) Taxonomía Todavía está por p or definirse si la especie halha llada, dentro del orden de los Plesiosaurios, es perteneciente a la superfamilia de los Plesiosauroideos o a la Pilosauroideos.

AMMONITES Los ammonites fueron moluscos cefalópodos, que tenían conchas externas enrrolladas y de simetría bilateral. Vivieron desde el Devónico hasta el Cretácico (desde 407 millones de años a 65 millones de años a.C), desapareciendo en la frontera K-T.

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II.ESTRATIGRAFÍA ESTRATIGRAFÍADELMORRO SOLAR

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1  a

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Descripción física:

•Ubicada en la falda del cerro La Virgen, al sureste del distrito de Chorrillos. Tomando de referencia la vía Paseo del Soldado Desconocido hacia la derecha. En nuestro punto también encontramos una capilla. •Tipo de suelo inestable, con la presencia de una barrera de piedras (Pirca) para con tener la caída de rocas que se desprenden a causa de la erosión eólica y la acción del hombre. Estratigrafía:

•En esta parada encontramos rocas sedimentarias bien compactadas por la presencia de una zona de contacto (rocas ígneas). Si comparamos los dos cerros observamos la diferencia de resistencia contra contra la erosión e rosión eólica, también la intervención del clima. •La distinción de tonalidad se debe a la presencia de una roca ígnea. •La diferenciación de estratos nos permite deducir que la liticación de la l a roca existen existente te se dieron en distintos periodos. •En los cerros hay una acumulación de sediment se dimentos os del batoli batolito to de la costa.

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Estratigrafía:

•En esta parada presenciamos notoriamente dos tipos de roca: roca ígnea (Plutónica) y la sedimentaria (Arenisca) que forman una fractura, donde se encuentra ubicado la roca plutónica sobre la arenisca. •El sill se s e encuentra en la parte superior de imagen, la trayectoria del sill tiene un desniv el por la presencia de una fractura. •En la zona de las areniscas notamos la presencia de tijillites, animales arenícolas que dejaron rastro al desplazarse por este lugar. •En la parte inferior del cerro hay una zona de levantamiento que presenta una plata forma litificada con aureolas de metamorfizacio metamorfizacion. n. •Se observa el dique instruyendo por zonas de debilidad de la roca preexistente (roca sedimentaria) y metamorfiza por contacto. •La aureola de metamorzacion que es el resultado del intercambio de iones. •La brecha (panizo) de color abigarrado (rojizo).

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Descripción física

•Zona abrupta, ubicada en la curvatura natural del la vía Paseo del Soldado Descono cido. Estratigrafía

•En este punto encontramos rocas sedimentarias principalmente areniscas de forma tabular (parte inferior de la imagen). También encontramos acumulación de sedimentos a la intemperie causado por erosión.

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Descripción física

•Zona rocosa angulosa, ubicada en la curvatura natural del la vía Paseo del Soldado Desconocido. Estratigrafía

•Hay presencia de rocas ígneas, rocas sedimentarias, areniscas y brechas. •Notamos la presencia de un gran dique que intruye en los estratos de roca arenisca formando brechas brechas a consecuencia de su aureola de meteorizació meteorización. n.

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Descripción física:

•Punto de encuentro de dos estructuras en forma de V. Estratigrafía:

•Observamos la presencia de un contacto de dos estructuras estructuras , en las cuales se evidencia e videncia una falla inversa , es decir el desplazamiento vertical e inverso ( el bloque de la derecha hacia abajo y el bloque izquierdo hacia arriba).v  •Entre los bloques encontramos un depósito de sedimentos que se deslizan a causa de

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Estratigrafía:

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Descripción física:

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