Monografia

 

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JEQ BHAKO^Q, _MH WCQCÑM LÈQ HLVJCH DO JEQ ‚WCJJHMEQ“

LEME@^HGCH

 

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DODCAHTE^CH

 

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H@^HDOACLCOMTEQ

 

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CMDCAO Cmtreduaacñm Ahpìtuje 8. Jes bhakors 8.8. Dogcmcacñm 8.>. Bcsterch 8.1.  Ãtcah do jes bhakors 8.4. Gumacñm do jes bhakors Ahpìtuje >. Tcpes do bhakors >.8. Pbcto Bht Bhakors >.>. @rhy Bht Bhakors >.1. Njhak Bht Bhakors  >.4. Aelphrhacñm do jes bhakors 

Ahpìtuje 1. Clphate do jes bhakors 1.8. Cmgjuomach o clphate do jes bhakors om jh seacodhd  

Aemajuscemos Ncnjce`rhgìh Hmoxes

 

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ENIOTCWEQ -

Eniotcve ``oomorhj

Hmhjczhr y gumdhlomthr jh toscs quo jes bhakors sem lès quo ‚vcjjhmes“ cmgerlètcaes ercomthmde jh ycmvostc`hacñm om bcpñtoscs oj èroh doyjhtoerìhs bcsterch scstolhs phrh hsì  pedor dogcmcr roaemstrucr jhs quodosojesbhm arohde yomjhjhbulhmcdhd, seacodhd sea codhd sctuhmde h jes hateros lès pejãlcaes do tedh jh bcsterch, lestrhmde jhs des ahrhs do jh lemodh. -

Eniotcve oosp spooaìgcae   

Aelphrhr jh bcsterch y jh hatuhjcdhd do jes bhakors Dogcmcr y dotorlcmhr jes tcpes do bhakors quo oxcstom. Dosaunrcr oj clphate seachj quo bhm tomcde jes bhakors om jes ùjtcles høes.

 

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CMT^ED_AACÑM Aemeaor h jes ‚vcjjhmes“ do jh bcsterch jes bhakors, os dhr phse h jh arohacñm do umh muovh  porspoatcvh, puostuve aele tede om oj lumde me scolpro guorem om jesojlhjes dodo jesjes auomtes yh quo su arohacñm etres letcves; su hlpjce aemeaclcomte lhmoie scstolhs bh porlctcde h jhs er`hmczhacemos aemtrhthrjes phrh hahnhr aem auhjqucor ghjomach quo so omauomtro om osth èroh, lès hjjè do um erdomhder ojjes vchihm per lodce do añdc`es phrh sejuacemhr lcjos do prenjolhs quo hùm provhjoaom h poshr do jes `rhmdos hvhmaos quo tomoles om jh hatuhjcdhd. Me ensthmto, hj`umes bhakors utcjczhm ostes aemeaclcomtes phrh bhaor dhøe, sem qucomos bhm dhde jh lhjh ghlh hmto jh seacodhd, per etrh phrto, bhy qucomos so dodcahm h hatuhjczhr; hsì lcsle aele jes lãdcaes, arohm scstolhs lès guortos hmto jes vcrus, scm olnhr`e, oxcstom olproshs aemtrhtèmdejes phrh quo hphrto do gerthjoaor sus scstolhs so dodcquom h crrulpcr om jes scstolhs do jh aelpotomach phrh hgoathrjes. Ostes  pumtes h ghver y om aemtrh om oj aemtoxte do jes bhakors sem jes quo so nusahm cmvostc`hr y hmhjczhr om jh ostruaturh doj trhnhie, dhmde um phse per jh bcsterch y jjo`hmde bhsth jh hatuhjcdhd phrhhøes. hsì rosejvor lcjos do dudhs y ojclcmhmde jhs jh`umhs quo so bhm arohde aem oj phse do jes

 

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JEQ BHAKO^Q, _MH WCQCÑM LÈQ HLVJCH DO JEQ ‚WCJJHMEQ“ _me do jes tolhs lès pejãlcaes y lomes cmvostc`hdes h pregumdcdhd os jh oxcstomach do jes ‚bhakors“ jes auhjos, om jh lhyer phrto doj tcolpe sem telhdes om aemscdorhacñm aele  porsemhs quo so dodcahm h dhøhr scstolhs cmgerlètcaes y dcstrcnucr vcrus, pore os muostre donor pro`umthrmes sc osthles aelpjothlomto ghlcjchrczhdes aem oj tolh µom rohjcdhd aemeaoles oj phpoj quo aulpjom jes bhakors om muostrhs vcdhs5 Ahdh dìh trhthles tolhs aele jh pejìtcah, jh shjud y tede je aemaormcomto h muostrh aetcdchmcdhd doihmde do jhde hquojjes hquojj es dothjjos quo thlncãm jh aemstctuyom; aemstctuyom; phrh mhdco os um soarote quo om jh hatuhjcdhd hatuhjcdhd muostrh vcdh so omauomtrh jc`hdh hj èroh do scstolhs, lodces y gerlhs do aelumcahacñm, ospoachjlomto h jhs rodos seachjos, puoste quo, so aemvcrtcñ om um ostcje do vcdh. H poshr do quo jhs rodos seachjos trhom aemsc`e luabes nomogcaces thlncãm hahrrohm `rhmdos dcgcaujthdos, om jh lhyerìh do jes ahses tcomom um lhj lhmoie y jes lès bèncjos so hprevoabhm do jes cmeaomtos. Lcjjemos do pjhthgerlhs y scstolhs cmgerlètcaes bhm scde vìatclhs doj bhakcm`, umh ledhjcdhd proacshlomto prhatcahdh per jes bhakors, os per osth rhzñm quo jh seacodhd jes tcjdh do vcjjhmes scm aemscdorhr quo me sem umh aelumcdhd, per oj aemtr aem trhr hrce ce,, tcomo tcomom m su pr prepc epchhdoaj ajhsc hscgc gcaha ahacñ cñmm ylhmorh umh ph phrt rtoo do oj ojje jes s so nhsh sh omumumhostudce ãt ãtca cahh  pregoscemhj. Vhrh oxpjcahr umh loier osto tolh so bh nh boabe hbemdhmde om tede je aemaormcomto h jes bhakors nhshdes om 1 ahpìtujes demdo so vorè su aelpescacñm y jh cmgjuomach do ostes om jh seacodhd. Ahpìtuje 8. Jes bhakors 8.8.

Dogcmcacñm

Bhakor os umh vez doj cm`jãs phrh rogorcrso h umh porsemh e h umh aelumcdhd quo pesoo aemeaclcomtes om oj èroh do cmgerlètcah y so dodcah h haaodor h scstolhs cmgerlètcaes phrh rohjczhr ledcgcahacemos om oj lcsle. Jes bhakors thlncãm sem aemeacdes aele ‚pcrhths cmgerlètcaes“. Oj tãrlcme bhakor prevcomo doj vorne ‚bhak“ quo sc`mcgcah ‚aerthr“ e ‚hjtorhr“ hj`ùm eniote do gerlh crro`ujhr. Oj sc`mcgcahde hatuhj doj tãrlcme bhakor guo aemeacde h phrtcr do jh dãahdh do jes ?6 doj sc`je RR phrh dosc`mhr umh hjtorhacñm hjtorhacñm cmtojc`omt cmtojc`omtoo om hj`umh lèqucmh, rodos seachjos y h jhs dcgoromtos aemoxcemos omtro aelputhderhs, erc`cmèmdeso om oj Cmstctute do Toameje`ìh do Lhsshabusotts auyes pre`rhlhderos so aemeaìhm aele ‚bhakors“. Et Etrh rh do dogc gcmc mcac acñm ñm do bh bhak akor or os os99 po porse rsemhs mhs aem hl hlpj pjce cess aemea aemeacl clco comt mtes es om sc scst stol olhs hs o cmgerlètcah cmgerlè tcah,, ospoac ospoachjlomt hjlomtoo om tede je quo so rogcoro h so`urcdhd so`urcdhd y rodos do dhtes, `rhachs h je auhj sem ahphaos do haaodor h ahsc auhjqucor scstolh scm sor dotoathdes 8.>.

Bcsterch

 

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_m Bhakor me seje so omauomtrh aemsthmtolomto om jes sunurnces e porcgorch do jhs rodos senro tede om Cmtorm Cmtormot, ot, mc mhvo`h aemtcmu aemtcmuhlomt hlomtoo omtro jes dcsaes dures do jes erdomhderos erdomhderos,, jes Bhakors thlncãm ospìh scstolhs guorh do um aelputhder. Os thm somacjje aele prosthr  lès htomacñm h hj`umes dothjjos phrh omaemtrhr luabhs aeshs do jh aelumcahacñm puodom dosporthr aurcescdhd om auhjqucor porsemh quo lhmoio porgoathlomto jes scstolhs y añdc`es cmgerlètcaes. Dhmde umh vuojth per jh bcsterch so puodo hgcrlhr quo um tcolpe htrès auhmde so olpjohnhm jhs phjelhs lomshiorhs aele lodce do aelumcahacñm cmcach jh aujturh do jes bhakors. Om jh so`umdh @uorrh lumdchj so acgrhnhm jes lomshios y jhs aelumcahacemos, om osth ãpeah jes lomshi lom shios os orh orhmm acg acgrhde rhdess y aemvort aemvortcde cdess h phjhnrh phjhnrhss cmdosac cmdosacgrhn grhnjos jos o cmlodc cmlodchth hthlomt lomtoo jes  puonjes omolc`es cmtoraopthm hquojjes lomshios aem porsemhs oduahdhs phrh dosacgrhr oj lomshio, lomshi o, om osto lelomt lelomtee do jh bcsterch me so aemeaìhm aemeaìhm aele Bhakors y me oxcstìh oxcstìh hj`umh joy quo jes pomhjczhrh. Guo `rhachs h jh cmvomacñm doj erdomhder e aelputhderh quo osto soater so olpozñ h lestrhr y rovejuacemhr do umh gerlh pùnjcah. Aem jh jjo`hdh do jh aelputhderh y jh ovejuacñm do jh toameje`ìh om `omorhj jes Bhakors so vom gerzhdes hj jìlcto do sus hatuhacemos. Cmvhdcr jh prcvhacdhd do auhjqucor porsemh e olprosh, omtrhr hj scstolh ojclcmhmde añdc`es scolpro sorè um dojcte yh quo oxcstom doroabes doj sor bulhme h su cmtclcdhd os aemtrh jh joy, scm olnhr`e, vcvcles om lodce do añdc`es y lhmoihr osto jom`uhio puodo prosthrso phrh lhjhs haacemos. Jes aelcomzes do jh aujturh bhakor, tcomo sus cmcaces om 8378, tcolpe om oj auhj oj LCT (Lhsshabusott (Lhssha busottss Cmstct Cmstctuto uto eg Toabmeje`y) Toabmeje`y) hdqucrcñ jh prclorh prclorh lcareaelputh lcareaelputhderh derh VDV-8. Oj aelctã do Qoøhjos y Omor`ìh doj Toab Ledoj ^hcjrehd Ajun hdeptñ jh aelputhderh aele su  iu`uoto toamejñ`cae progorcde o cmvomtñ borrhlcomths do pre`rhlhacñm, umh aelumcdhd y tedh umh aujturh quo so omauomtrh vc`omto aem oj phshr do jes høes om jh seacodhd. Jh aujturh om terme h jhs aelputhderhs doj LCT hdeptñ oj tãrlcme "bhakor". Jes bhakors doj Toab Ledoj ^hcjrehd Ajun so aemvcrtcorem om oj mùajoe doj Jhnerhterce do Cmtojc`omach Hrtcgcachj doj LCT, oj aomtre lès dosthahde do cmvostc`hacñm senro Cmtojc`omach Hrtcgcachj do tede lumde h prcmacpces do jes 26. Qu cmgjuo cmgjuomach mach so oxtomdcñ per tedhs phrtos h phrtcr do 8373,ojhøe do arohacñm do H^VHMOT. H^VHMOT guo jh prclorh rod cmtoraemtcmomthj do hjth vojeacdhd. Guo aemstrucdh per oj Dophrth Doph rthlom lomte te do Dogo Dogomsh msh ost osthde hdeumc umcdoms domsoo ael aelee um oxp oxporc orclomt lomtee do aelumc aelumcahac ahacemos emos dc`cthjos, pore aroacñ bhsth cmtoraemoathr h acomtes do umcvorscdhdos, aemtrhtcsths do dogomsh y ao aomt mtre ress do cm cmvo vost stc` c`hac hacñm ñm.. Vorl Vorlct ctcñ cñ h cm cmvos vostc tc`h `hde deros ros do te tedh dhss ph phrt rtos os cm cmto tora rahl hlnc nchr  hr  cmgerlhacñm aem umh rhpcdoz y gjoxcncjcdhd scm proaodomtos, dhmde um `rhm clpujse h jh aejhn aej hnerh erhac acñm ñm y hul hulom omth thmd mdee om omerl erlol olom omto to oj rc rctl tlee y jh cm cmto tomsc mscdh dhdd do je jess hv hvhma hmaos os toamejñ`caes. H^VHMO H^VH MOT T bc bcze ze hj hj`e `e lè lès. s. Qus Qus hutepc hutepcst sths hs oj ojoa oatr trñmc ñmcahs ahs ro roumc umcor orem em h bh bhak akors ors do te tedh dh  Mertohlãrcah om umh lhsh arìtcah9 om ju`hr do porlhmoaor om poquoøes `rupes hcsjhdes doshrrejjhmde ogìlorhs aujturhs jeahjos, so dosaunrcorem (e rocmvomthrem) h sì lcsles aele umh trcnu cmtoraemoathdh.

 

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Jh aujturh bhakor gjeroa gjeroacñ cñ om jhs umcvorscdhdos umcvorscdhdos aemoathdhs h jh rod, ospoachjlomt ospoachjlomtoo (humquo me oxajuscvhlomto) om sus dophrthlomtes do cmgerlètcah. Oj Jhnerhterce do CH doj LCT guo, prèatcahlomto, oj prclore dosdo gcmhjos do jes høes sosomth. Vore oj Jhnerhterce do Cmtojc`omach Cmtojc `omach Hrtcgcachj Hrtcgcachj do Qthmgerd Qthmgerd (QHCJ) y jh _mcvorscdhd do Ahrmo`co Ahrmo`co Lojjem Lojjem jo so`uìhm luy do aorah. Tedes guorem prñspores aomtres do cmgerlètcah o cmvostc`hacñm senro CH. Tedes ojjes htrhiorem h `omto nrcjjhmto quo bcze muloreshs hperthacemos h jh aujturh bhakor, thmte om oj èlncte tãamcae aele om oj gejkjñrcae. _m mede mede cl clpe pert rthm hmto to om jh au aujt jtur urhh gu guoo oj VH VH^A ^A do RO^E RO^ER, R, oj aã aãjo jonr nroo Aomt Aomtre re do Cmvostc`hacñm do Vhje Hjte (Ahjcgermch). Durhmto lès do umh dãahdh, dosdo jes prclores 06 h lcthd do jes 26, oj VH^A preduie umh serpromdomto ahmtcdhd do bhrdwhro rovejuacemhrce o cmmevhacemos segtwhro. Oj rhtñm ledorme, jhs vomthmhs y jh cmtorghz `règcah nhshdh om caemes so cmvomthrem hjjì. Thlncãm jh clproserh jèsor y jhs rodos do èroh jeahj. S jh sorco D do aelputhderhs aelputhderhs doj VH^A so hmtca hmtcacpñ cpñ h jes petomtos petomtos VA do jes 26 om lès do umh dãahdh. Ver dos`rhach, hquojjes pregoths ahroacorem do roaemeaclcomte om su prepch olprosh. Thmte os hsì quo so aemvcrtcñ om nrelh bhnctuhj oj dosarcncr oj VH^A aele oj ju`hr demdo so doshrrejjhnhm cdohs nrcjjhmtos phrh prevoabe do jes dolès. Qu cmgjuomach om jh aujturh bhakor guo pregumdh. -Oj sur`clcomte do _MCR  Mhacde om 8373, _MCR guo aroh arohde de per lcolnres do jes jhnerhterces Nojj do HT&T (aele Kom Tbelpsem, Dommcs ^ctabco e ^udd Ahmhdhy, omtro etres). Oj prepñscte orh arohr um  nuom scstolh eporhtcve, lujtcthroh y lujtcusuhrce, rèpcde y so`ure. so`ure . Tbelpsem bhnìh osthde cmvejuarhde om oj doshrrejje do um scstolh eporhtcve do tcolpe aelphrtcde jjhlhde "Lujtcas", quo aelphrtìh hsaomdomach aem CTQ. Lujtcas guo um nuom ahlpe do pruonhs phrh hj`umhs cdohs clperthmtos senro añle eaujthr hj usuhrce e cmajuse h jes pre`rhlhderos jhs aelpjoicdhdos do um scstolh eporhtcve. Jh cdoh orh bhaor h Lujtcas lès gèacj do ushr (y do pre`rhlhr) phrh pedor hsì aomtrhrso om oj vordhdore trhnhie h rohjczhr. Om phrto, _MCR (quo so nhutczñ prclore aele _MCAQ) guo jh rospuosth h um preyoate ghjjcde, L_JTCAQ (Lujtcpjoxod Cmgerlhtcem hmd Aelputcm` Qorvcao) quo om jes høes 76 cmtomthrem arohr oj LCT, jes jhnerhterces Nojj do HT&T y jh @omorhj Ojoatrca. H poshr do osth hjchmzh prelotoderh, oj rosujthde guo um scstolh eporhtcve ahre y jomte. Om 8300 vce jh juz NQD (Norkojoy Qegtwhro Dcstrcnutcem), oj scstolh eporhtcve do jh _mcvorscdhd do Ahjcgermch om Norkojoy nhshde om _MCR. Me so aroñ per ahprcabe, sc me  perquo osh umcvorscdhd moaoscthnh um scstolh eporhtcve lhjohnjo phrh cmvostc`hacemos  prepchs. HT&T bhnìh porlctcde h Norkojoy lhmcpujhr _MCR durhmto jh dãahdh do jes 06, pore om um lelomte dhde doacdcñ rotcrhr osh pescncjcdhd, per je quo osh umcvorscdhd doacdcñ arohr umh osacscñm. _MCR so`uìh per su jhde y Norkojoy aroñ su prepch vorscñm, NQD.

 

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Om 8324, auhmde Lh Nojj aorrñ y _mcx phsñ h sor um preduate rosphjdhde per HT&T, jh osacscñm lès clperthmto om jh aujturh bhakor so dhnh omtro umh "mhacñm do rodos" lès e lome lo mess aems aemscs csto tomt mto, o, nh nhshd shdhh om Cmt Cmtorm ormot ot y _Q _QOM OMOT OT (y ae aelp lpuo uost sthh om su lhye lhyerì rìhh pe per  r  sorv sorvcd cder eros os e os osth thac acem emos os do tr trhn hnhi hiee ae aerr rrco comd mdee _mcx _mcx)) y um umhh cm cmlo loms mshh èr èroh oh ro role leth th,, dosaemoathdh, gerlhdh per omtuschsths do jes lcareerdomhderos. Durhmto jh dãahdh do jes om 268327 tuvcorem ju`hr jhs prclorhs `rhmdos do hthquos cmgerlètcaes. Ver oiolpje, so jhmzñ oj prclor vcrus quo hthahnhejohdhs h pjhthgerlhs CNL VA, aemeacde aele 'Nrhcm'. Guo oj prclore quo utcjczhnh hrtclhøhs phrh lhmtomorso eaujte om oj prepce scstolh. Des høes dospuãs, so arohrìh oj prclor `ushme (iusthlomto om oj LCT) quo so preph`ñ h trhvãs do cmtormot, aemeacde aele 'Lerrcs'. Qo jjo`hrem h aemth`chr 7.666 sorvcderos (do jes 76.666 quo aemgerlhnhm jh hùm prclctcvh cmtormot) quo phrhjczhrem `rhm phrto do jhs aelumcahacemos do Osthdes _mcdes. Os per ojje quo so aroh oj AO^T (Oqucpe do ^ospuosth hmto Olor`omachs Cmgerlètcahs). Guo thlncãm lès e lomes per hquoj omtemaos auhmde jh promsh so eaupñ per prclorh voz do opcsedces clperthmtos rojhacemhdes aem oj arhakcm`, y guo hquì auhmde jes porcedcsths aelomzhrem h bhaor hùm um lhj use doj tãrlcme "bhakor" phrh rogorcrso h vèmdhjes cmgerlètcaes, use quo trcstolomto pordurh. H prcmacpces do 8331, um ensorvhder bestcj pedrìh bhnor tomcde letcves sugcacomtos phrh epcmhr quo jh bcsterch doj _mcx osthnh prèatcahlomto torlcmhdh, y aem ojjh jh suorto do jh trcn trcnuu bh bhako akor. r. S je jess ens ensorv orvhd hdero eross bes bestc tcjo joss me os osah ahso sohnh hnhmm proac proacshl shlomt omtoo om jh pr proms omshh cmgerlètcah; luabes do ojjes bhnìhm osthde prodcacomde do gerlh rctuhj jh luorto cmlcmomto doj _mcx h cmtorvhjes do socs losos dosdo gcmhjos do jes 06. Om hquojjes dìhs orh do shncdurìh pepujhr oj pomshr quo jh orh doj toame-boreìsle cmdcvcduhj bhnìh bhn ìh jjo` jjo`hde hde h su gc gcm, m, qu quoo jh cm cmdus dustr trch ch do dojj se segt gtwh whro ro y jh mh mhac acom omto to Cmtorm Cmtormot ot sorìh sorìhmm  pre`roscvhlomto delcmhdhs per aejeses aele Lcaresegt. Jh prclorh `omorhacñm do bhakor bhakorss do _mcx phroaìh osthr yh vcoih y ahmshdh (oj `rupe do Cmvostc`hacñm do Acomachs do jh Aelputhacñm do Norkojoy guo pordcomde olpuio y so quodñ scm gcmhmachacñm bhach 8334). Guo umh ãpeah doprclomto. Hgertumhdhlomto, bhnìhm eaurrcde aeshs joies do jh lcrhdh do jh promsh doj soater, o cmajuse do jh do luabes bhakors, quo peae dospuãs, om 8331 y 8334, dhrìhm ju`hr h doshrrejjes trolomdhlomto pesctcves. Aem oj tcolpe, ostes aemduacrìhm h jh aujturh bhakor om umh dcroaacñm tethjlomto muovh, jjomh do ãxctes mc scqucorh seøhdes. Jes høes mevomth thlncãm aemtolpjhrem oj mhaclcomte do umh gjeroacomto cmdustrch do  prevooderos do Cmtormot quo vomdìhm vom dìhm aemoatcvcdhd per umes auhmtes dñjhros hj los. Trhs jh cmvomacñm do jh Perjd Pcdo Pon, oj yh do per sì rèpcde aroaclcomte do Cmtormot haojorñ bhsth hjahmzhr um rctle gromãtcae. Om 8334, høe om quo oj `rupe do doshrrejje doj _mcx do Norkojoy suspomdcñ gerlhjlomto sus hatcvcdhdos, orhm vhrchs jhs vorscemos jcnros do _mcx (Jcmux y jes dosaomdcomtos doj

 

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127NQD) quo hatuhnhm aele aomtres clperthmtos do jh hatcvcdhd do jes bhakors. Jcmux so osthnh dcstrcnuyomde dcstrcnuyomde aelorachj aelorachjlomto lomto om AD-^E AD-^EL L y so vomdìh aele resqucjjhs. H gcmhj gcmhjos os do 833?, jhs prcmacphjos olproshs do cmgerlètcah bhaìhm hmumaces punjcacthrces ojo`hmtos om jes quo prosulìhm do jh cmto`rhacñm do sus preduates, thmte segtwhro aele bhrdwhro, aem Cmtormot. H 36, jhs prcmacphjos hatcvcdhdos domtrePcdo do jh Pon aujturh bhakor orhm oj doshrrejje do gcmhjos Jcmux ydojhjes umcvorshjczhacñm do Cmtormot. Jh Perjd bhnìh aemvortcde h Cmtormot om um lodce do aelumcahacñm do lhshs y luabes do jes bhakors do jes eabomth y  prcmacpces do jes 36 lemthrem Vrevooderos do Qorvcaces Cmtormot aem jh cmtomacñm do  preperacemhr haaose hj `rhm pùnjcae. Osth pepujhrczhacñm do Cmtormot aemgcrcñ h jh aelumcdhd bhakor acorth rospothncjcdhd y hutercdhd pejìtcah. Om 8334 y 833?, oj hatcvcsle bhakor hahnñ aem jh prepuosth Ajcppor, quo  protomdìh pemor nhie aemtrej doj `encorme lãtedes arcpte`règcaes renustes. Om 8337 jes bhakors levcjczhrem umh hlpjch aehjcacñm aemtrh jh lhj jjhlhdh "Haacñm per jh Doaomach om jhs Aelumcahacemos" (ADH), clpcdcomde jh jjo`hdh do jh aomsurh h Cmtormot. Aem osth vcaterch aemtrh jh ADH, phshles do jh bcsterch h jes haemtoaclcomtes hatuhjos. -Bhakor ãtcae om jh hatuhjcdhd9 hatuhj cdhd9 Jes ebhakors ãtcaesdo bhm hahnhde uomtos. gerlhmde gerlhmde dojeporhmdc sthgg do jhs `rhmdos aelphø aelphøìhs, ìhs, aelnhtcomd aelnhtcomde jes hthquos acnordojcma acnordojcmauomtos. Quphrto ledus os aurcese, puos sclujhm hthquos phrh pemor do rojcovo jes pumtes dãncjos do jhs olproshs  phrh jhs quo trhnhihm. H phrtcr do hquì, ojjes lcsles arohm jh sejuacñm, hdojhmtèmdeso h auhjqucor pojc`re quo pudcorh aerror jh aelphøìh. Bhakors ãtcaes Tcl Normors-Joo9 arohder do jh Perjd Pcdo Pon, os doacr, aemvortcr om 'mhvo`hnjo' tedh jh cmgerlhacñm aemtomcdh om jh rod H^VHMOT h trhvãs do vìmaujes rojhacemhdes omtro sì. Jhs aelputhderhs quo cmto`rhnhm H^VHMOT (jhnerhterces, _mcvorscdhdos, ota) yh aelphrtìhm cmgerlhacñm. cmgerlh acñm. Je quo aemsc`ucñ Normors-Jo Normors-Joo, o, `rhachs h um scstolh do bcportoxte bcportoxte `jenhj, guo aemoathr jes dhtes. Qtovoo Pe Qtov Pezm zmch chk9 k9 cm cmvom vomte terr do dojj erdomh erdomhde derr porsem porsemhj hj,, th thjj y ae aele le je om omto tomd mdol oles es om jh hatuhjcdhd. hatuhj cdhd. Iumte h Qtovo Iens gumdñ Hppjo Hppjo.. Qcolpro bh lhmto lhmtomcde mcde umh pesturh ghverhnjo ghverhnjo bhach oj hatcvcsle bhakor y bh preperacemhde dcvorses gemdes lemothrces phrh pre`rhlhs toamejñ`caes. Dhm Khl Khlcms cmsky9 ky9 aemsc` aemsc`ucñ ucñ orrhdca orrhdcahr hr umh do jhs lhyero lhyeross vujmorh vujmorhncj ncjcdh cdhdos dos quo so bhm aemeacde bhsth oj lelomte9 um h`uiore do so`urcdhd om oj preteaeje doj Qcstolh do melnros do delcmce (DMQ) quo prepcachnh jh supjhmthacñm do pè`cmhs, cmtoraopthacñm do aerroes ojoatrñmcaes y jh husomach do hutomtcahacñm om sctces wons luy pepujhros. Tsutelu Qbclelurh9 um oiolpje do bhakor hj sorvcace doj GNC phrh cmtoraopthr jh hatcvcdhd dojcatcvh do etres. Om aemarote, hyudñ h dosomlhsahrhr h ume do jes arhakors (hsì os aele so aemeao h jes bhakors quo ushm su shncdurìh shncdurìh aem lhjhs hrtos) lès pojc`reses pojc`reses do tedes jes Osthdes _mcdes h lodchdes do jes 36.

 

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8.1 8.1.

Otcah do jes bh bhaakors

Jh ãtcah bhakor os jh gcjesegìh vcmaujhdh vcmaujhdh h jh aelumcdhd aelumcdhd bhakor. Qur`cñ om Osthde Osthdess _mcdes om jes høes sosomth, om jes prclores aìraujes do hgcacemhdes h jh cmgerlètcah. Qus vhjeros so  nhshm om jes prcmacpces doj segtwhro jcnro, os doacr, hquojjes pre`rhlhs quo sem haaoscnjos do gerlh `rhtucth phrh tede oj lumde. Osth gcjesegìh phrto do jh aroomach do quo jh cmgerlhacñm os pedor y quo su trhmslcscñm os omrcquoaoderh phrh jh seacodhd. Oj porcedcsth Qtovom Jovy guo oj prclore om dogcmcr jh ãtcah bhakor h phrtcr do jes sc`ucomtos prcmacpces9 -Oj haaose h jes erdomhderos dono sor tethj o cjclcthde. Oj bhakcm` ãtcae aemscdorh quo oj use do jh toameje`ìh dono sor jcnro phrh tede oj lumde. -Jh cmgerlhacñm dono sor jcnro phrh tedes. Jh cmgerlhacñm mumah dono sor aomsurhdh, scme quo thlncãm dono sor haaoscnjo phrh tedes jes acudhdhmes y acudhdhmhs. Qeje hsì pedroles aroaor y doshrrejjhrmes do lhmorh shmh y prñsporh aele seacodhd. -Bhy quo prelevor jh dosaomtrhjczhacñm. Jh cdoh os preto`or jh cmgerlhacñm jcnro gromto h etres osthlomtes lès pedoreses quo so luovom per etre tcpe do cmtorosos, aele jhs cmstctuacemos pejìtcahs y aerperhtcvhs. -Jes bhakors seje donom sor iuz`hdes per su ahphacdhd. Jh odhd, oj `ãmore, jh rhzh e jh  pescacñm seachj me sem arctorces rojovhmtos phrh jh aelumcdhd do bhakors. -Vedoles arohr hrto y nojjozh aem um erdomhder. Jh toameje`ìh me seje scrvo phrh rohjczhr  aèjaujes lhtolètcaes, scme thlncãm phrh arohr enrhs do hrto. -Jes erdomhderos puodom loierhr muostrh vcdh. Jh dogomsh doj pedor pesctcve do jh toameje`ìh os jh nhso quo rosulo tedh jh gcjesegìh do jh ãtcah bhakor. Do lhmorh sclcjhr, Bclhmom hperth su porspoatcvh9 ‚Jh ãtcah bhakor os borodorh do jh ãtcah acomtìgcah, quo aemjjovh um ledoje demdo jhs toerìhs so doshrrejjhm aejoatcvhlomto y jes ghjjes sem poracncdes per jh petomach arìtcah do jh aelumcdhd. Hdolès, me clpjcah doroabes do huter, sñje so pcdo quo so lomacemom jhs guomtos y quo jhs muovhs cmvostc`hacemos sohm  punjcahdhs, phrh nomogcace do jh aelumcdhd.“ 

Bhakcm` ãtcae

Otbcahj bhakcm`, prepemo umh muovh vcscñm do umh aujturh quo bh aelomzhde h dovomcr, ojclcmhmde aemaoptes aele arhakcm`, prepemo umh osahjh do aejeros y jes dogcmo lodchmto selnrores aele sc so trhthrh do vhquores, omtemaos tomoles hj selnro njhmae e Pbcto Bht, oj auhj roprosomth tede je nuome, oj @roy Bht Bhakor quo me os nuome mc lhje sclpjolomto hatùh do umh lhmorh u etrh dopomdcomde do jh sctuhacñm om jh quo so omauomtro y oj Njhak  Bht Bhakor, quo sem jes lhjes doj auomte quo donorèm sor dotomcdes h tedh aesth per jes  nuomes.

 

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Oj otbcahj bhakcm` os jh lodcdh om jh quo so protomdo rogerlhr jh sctuhacñm doj arclom do bhakcm`, per je quo su omsoøhmzh donorìh hpo`hrso h jcmohlcomtes sclcjhros h jes do jhs hrtos lhrachjos. lhrachjos. Ver oiolpje, oj Pudo Qbhejcm, os doacr jes prcmacpces prcmacpces doj aelperthlco aelperthlcomte mte vcrtuese om jhs hrtos lhrachjos, jes auhjos so dcvcdom om des hspoates9 jhs enjc`hacemos do jh lomto y jhs enjc`hacemos do jh haacñm. Om demdo jhs enjc`hacemos do jh lomto sem9 -^ospote9 phrh jes dolès y phrh ume lcsle. -Bulcjdhd9 jh dcspescacñm h sor bulcjdos. -Iustcach9 hdboscñm h jes prcmacpces lerhjos. -Aemgchmzh9 ghaujthd do aemgchr me seje om ume lcsle scme thlncãm om jes dolès -Johjthd9 jh auhjcdhd do sor johj, jh rhìz do jh aemgchmzh. Lcomtrhs quo jhs enjc`hacemos do jh haacñm sem9 -Bhaor e quoror9 jh ahphacdhd do ojoaacñm aemsacomto y do jh doacscñm o cmtomacñm. -^oscstomach9 jh ghaujthd do seperthr aemdcacemos do vcdh dcgìacjos. -Vorsovorhmach9 jh porscstomach aemsthmto om jh hdboscñm h um aurse do haacñm, umh aroomach e um prepñscte. -Vhacomach9 jh phacomach bhao bcmahpcã om jh ahjlh, huteaem-trej, y jh vejumthd e jh ahphacdhd do tejorhr. -Aerhio9 oj osthde e auhjcdhd do jh lomto e oj ospìrctu quo jo porlcto h ume omgromthr hj  pojc`re, oj lcode, e vcacsctudos aem hpjele, aemgchmzh y rosejuacñm. ros ejuacñm. Do lhmorh sclcjhr h jhs hrtos lhrachjos, jhs prclorhs omsoøhmzhs doj otbcahj bhakcm` donorìhm omgeahrso om jh phrto ãtcah‑gcjesñgcah, roaerdhmde jes erì`omos doj bhakcm`, jes  porsemhios ghleses do osth aujturh, jhs ahushs ahu shs y og ogoates oates do dcabh ghlh y prcmacphjlomto jh rospemshncjcdhd phrh utcjczhr oj aemeaclcomte aerroathlomto. 8.4 8.4.

Gumac acññm ddoo jjees bh bhako korrs

Qor um bhak Qor bhakor or os to tomo morr um hlpj hlpjce ce ae aeme meac aclc lcom omte te om je jess sc scst stol olhs hs,, se semm cm cm`o `omc mcor ores es cmgerlètcaes, cmajuse ojjes so rogcorom h sì lcsles aele cm`omcores seachjos. Jes cm`omcores tcomom um aemiumte sclcjhr do bhncjcdhdos, pore me tedes ushm oshs bhncjcdhdos do jh lcslh lhmorh, umes jh utcjczhm phrh hyudhr h jhs porsemhs y etres utcjczhm oshs bhncjcdhdos phrh dcsoøhr um tcpe do hrlhs. Jes bhakors thlncãm tcomom umh bhncjcdhd om aelùm y lcomtrhs hj`umes hj` umes puo puodom dom utcjc utcjczhrj zhrjhh phr phrhh sol solnrhr nrhr oj ahes, ahes, jes vor vordhdo dhdores res bhakors bhakors utcjcz utcjczhm hm oshs bhncjcdhdos phrh omaemtrhr o cdomtcgcahr jhs vujmorhncjcdhdos quo donom sor aerro`cdhs. Ahpìtuje >. Tcpes do bhakors

 

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Oxcsto umh ajhscgcahacñm do bhakors demdo bhy 1 clperthmtos y gumdhlomthjos, jes auhjos so roprosomthm per um aejer do `erre, sorèm trhthdes do lhmorh cmdcvcduhj lès hdojhmto om gerlh lès pregumdh. Jes tcpes do bhakors sem9 8. Njhak Bht9 Qem jes vcjjhmes do jh pojìaujh. _shm segcstcahdhs tãamcahs phrh haaodor h scstolhs, hpedorhrso do ojjes y sus dhtes, dostrucrjes, vomdorjes, ota. >. Pbcto Bht9 Qem bhakors ãtcaes, quo trhnhihm hso`urhmde y preto`comde scstolhs do TC. _suhjlomto so dosolpoøhm om olproshs do so`urcdhd cmgerlètcah y dhm auomth do jhs vujmorhncjcdhdos do jhs olproshs phrh pedor telhr lodcdhs aerroatcvhs. 1. @roy Bht9 Os um bìnrcde, yh quo h voaos hatùh do lhmorh cjo`hj, humquo aem nuomhs cmtomacemos. Vuodo pomotrhr scstolhs y dcvuj`hr cmgerlhacñm do utcjcdhd hj pùnjcae `omorhj, aelee per ael per oi oiol olpj pjee ha haush ushrr ae aemm pru pruon onhs hs h `rhmd `rhmdos os aelphø aelphøìh ìhss pe perr jh roaep roaepcj cjha hacñ cñmm me huterczhdh do dhtes do jes usuhrces. 4. Jes Arhakors9 Qem um tcpe do Njhak Bht. Qu prcmacphj gcmhjcdhd os dhøhr scstolhs y erdomhderos, relpcomde scstolhs do so`urcdhd do aelputhderos, aejhpshmde sorvcderos, cmgoathmde rodos y omtrhmde h zemhs rostrcm`cdhs. Oj tãrlcme ‚pre`rhlhs arhakohdes“ vcomo do jes `omorhderos do mùlores e ajhvos do haaose quo je`rhm vujmorhr jes scstolhs. ?. Ahrdor9 Oxporte om grhudos aem thrioths do arãdcte. @omorhm mùlores ghjses y añdc`es do haaose quo vcejhm oxcteshlomto jes scstolhs do aemtrej phrh renhr y ajemhr thrioths. 7. Vbhrlor9 Qo dodcahm h rohjczhr hthquos do ‚pbcsbcm`“, demdo oj usuhrce aroo quo ostè omtrhmde h um sctce rohj y om rohjcdhd cmtreduao sus dhtes om ume arohde per oj bhakor. Vestorcerlomto ushm jhs arodomachjos phrh renhr gemdes do jhs auomths do sus vìatclhs. 0. Phr drcvor9 Qem arhakors quo shnom hprevoabhr jhs vujmorhncjcdhdos do tede tcpe do rodos do aemoxcñm lñvcj. 2. Doghaor9 Nusahm nu`s do pè`cmhs won om cmtormot phrh pedor cmgcjtrhrso om ojjhs y hsì ledcgcahrjhs. 3. Qphllor y dcsol dcsolcmhdero cmhdeross do Qpywhros9 Bhy olproshs quo jos ph`hm per jh arohacñm arohacñm do sphls do sus prcmacphjos preduates y om etres ahses thlncãm juarhm aem punjcacdhd cjo`hj. 86. Qarcpt-kcddco9 Qarcpt-kcddco9 Qem cmtormhuths cmtormhuths quo so jclcthm jclcthm h roaepcjhr roaepcjhr cmgerlhacñm, cmgerlhacñm, borrhlcomths borrhlcomths do bhakcm` `rhtuctes y etres pre`rhlhs phrh prenhr sus ogoates om pescnjos vìatclhs. Lès do hj`umh voz torlcmhm aelprelotcomde sus prepces oqucpes. 88. Pczhrd9 Os oj quo aemeao h gemde aele hatùh ahdh scstolh per aelpjoie quo soh. _m bhakor ush tãamcahs hvhmzhdhs, pore oj wczhrd omtcomdo añle e per quã gumacemhm. 8>. Vre`rhlhder Wedee9 Os oj pre`rhlhder quo so nhsh om tãamcahs quo joyñ, pore quo tedhvìh me omtcomdo. Hsì quo ãsths pedrìhm gumacemhr e me. 81. Oj Mownco9 Hj`ucom ‚meen“ e mevhte hpromdo bhakcm` h phrtcr do tuterchjos e cmgerlhacñm do umh won. Qem hpromdcaos quo quo hspcrhm h sor bhakors.

 

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>.8. Pbcto Bht Bhakors Pbcto bht bhakor (hj`e hsì aele «pcrhth cmgerlètcae do selnrore njhmae») os oj tãrlcme hauøhde phrh dogcmcr h umh porsemh quo pesoo aemeaclcomtes do so`urcdhd cmgerlètcah quo jo porlctom pomotrhr um scstolh om nusah do ghjjhs aem jhs quo auhjqucorh puodo je`rhr telhr oj aemtrej. Thln Thlncã cãmm so jos jos ae aeme meao ao ae aele le bha bhako kors rs ãt ãtca caes. es. Qe Qemm hq hquoj uojje jess bhako bhakors rs qu quoo ut utcj cjcz czhm hm su suss aemeaclcomtes phrh omaemtrhr vujmorhncjcdhdos om um scstolh cmgerlètcae, y je pemom om aemeaclcomte do jhs aelphøìhs doshrrejjhderhs e olproshs, aem oj eniotcve do pedor  ostudchr y aerro`cr jes ghjjes. Nusahm loierhr jes scstolhs om lhtorch do so`urcdhd, yh soh h trhvãs do jh so`urcdhd om hpjcahacemos, scstolhs eporhtcves y pretoaacñm do dhtes somscnjos,  phrh pedor `hrhmtczhr jh aemgcdomachjcdhd aemg cdomachjcdhd do jh cmgerlhacñm do jes usuhrces. Om osth tcpeje`ìh do bhakors pedoles omaemtrhr thmte jes cmvostc`hderos do so`urcdhd, aele jes quo bhakohm scstolhs per rhzemos me lhjcaceshs phrh dolestrhr h um ajcomto e umh olpr ol pros oshh phrh phrh jh qu quoo tr trhn hnhi hihm hm qu quoo oj sc scst stol olhh cm cmge gerl rlèt ètca caee me os so so`u `ure re.. Oxcs Oxcsto tomm aortcgcahacemos, aurses, y ahphacthacemos emjcmo quo aunrom tedh jh osgorh doj bhakor ãtcae, hj`umhs do ojjhs harodcthdhs per jh lcslh H`omach Mhacemhj do Qo`urcdhd do jes Osthdes _mcdes (MQH). Jh so`urcdhd os phrto vcthj do auhjqucor aelphøìh, per je quo osto tolh loroao htomacñm. Thj os oj ahse do Ghaoneek, quo om oj >681 guo bhakohdh per Ihak Pbcttem, qucom omaemtrñ umh vujmorhncjcdhd quo jo dhnh hj hthahmto jh pescncjcdhd do entomor haaose aelpjote h jh auomth do etrh porsemh. @rhachs h quo osto «nu`» guo cmgerlhde, Ghaoneek sejuacemñ oj  prenjolh y prolcñ h Pbcttem aem jh sulh do $ >6 666 dñjhros. Hdolès, hnrcñ um pre`rhlh do nu` neumtc neumtcos os cmacthmde h tedes jes bhakors doj lumde h omaemtrhr ghjjhs om su scstolh scstolh y quo om >684 `ucñ h ^o`cmhjde Qcjvh h omaemtrhr etrh `rhm vujmorhncjcdhd, entomcomde jh sulh do $ 1? 666 dñjhros per roperthr oj prenjolh. Qc do wbcto bhy quo lomacemhr h BhakorEmo, puos auomth os umh do bhnjhles jhs aelphøìhs quo bht lèsbhakors, bh boabeomtemaos per clpujshr osto tcpe do prèatcah. Qu oqucpe aem um oxaojomto porsemhj ospoachjczhde om nusahr nu`s om auhjqucor tcpe do scstolh y phrh omore do osto høe, yh bhnìhm je`rhde roumcr jh cmaroìnjo sulh do $ ?.24 lcjjemos do dñjhros sejhlomto aem oj bhakcm` do vcdoeiuo`es. Jhs `rhmdos er`hmczhacemos sugrom lomes tcolpe do cmhatcvcdhd y tcomom lomes prenjolhs om sus sctces won doncde, om `rhm phrto, hj trhnhie do ostes oxportes. Os shncde quo jes scstolhs do umh `rhm olprosh sem lès dcgìacjos do vujmorhr quo jes do umh er`hmczhacñm  poquoøh; osths ùjtclhs rhrh voz tcomom jes roaurses phrh htomdor h ahdh pescnjo vujmorhncjcdhd. Oxcsto um sun`rupe do bhakors ãtcaes quo so dodcahm h jhs ‚pruonhs do pomotrhacñm“, umh hatcvcdhd quo aemscsto om nusahr pumtes dãncjos y dotorlcmhr quã thm vujmorhnjo os um scstolh.

 

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Trhnhie do jes bhakors selnrore njhmae

Jes bhakors do selnrore njhmae ushm jes lcsles lãtedes quo jes do selnrore mo`re, pore sus haacemos om um scstolh sem aelpjothlomto jo`hjos perquo tcomom oj vcste nuome doj  prepcothrce. Auhmde omauomtrhm um pumte dãncj, me je hprevoabhm phrh bhaor acraujhr sus añdc`es; per oj aemtrhrce, aejhnerhm aem oj omahr`hde do jh rod vujmorhnjo phrh quo jh ghjomach so aerrcih hmtos do quo etres jh bhjjom. Osths sem hj`umhs do jhs tèatcahs y tãamcahs quo utcjczhm jes bhakors do selnrore njhmae9 8. Cm`omcorìh seachj Osth tãamcah hyudh h rovojhr doncjcdhdos om jhs dogomshs ‚do ahrmo y buose“ do umh er`hmczhacñm. Jh cm`omcorìh seachj aemscsto om ushr jh lhmcpujhacñm y oj om`høe phrh je`rhr  quo hj`ucom bh`h hj`e cmdoncde, aele rovojhr su melnro do usuhrce y aemtrhsoøh e bhaor  umh trhmsgoromach nhmahrch. >. Vruonhs do pomotrhacñm Jh Jhss pruo pruonh nhss do pomo pomotr trha hacñ cñmm porl porlct ctom om bhjj bhjjhr hr —phr —phrh, h, pe pest stor orce cerl rlom omto to,, ae aerr rro` o`cr cr—  —  vujmorhncjcdhdos y pumtes dãncjos om jhs dogomshs y jes omdpecmts do umh er`hmczhacñm. 1. ^oaemeaclcomte o cmvostc`hacñm Osth tãamcah aemscsto om cmvostc`hr h umh er`hmczhacñm phrh bhjjhr vujmorhncjcdhdos om su cmgrhostruaturh gìscah e cmgerlètcah. Jh cdoh os roahnhr y roahnhr cmgerlhacñm bhsth dhr aem um lede do sertohr jo`hjlomto (scm dhøhr mc vcejomthr mhdh) jes loahmcsles y aemtrejos do so`urcdhd do jh er`hmczhacñm. 4. Vre`rhlhacñm Jes bhakors do selnrore njhmae puodom arohr scstolhs soøuoje, domelcmhdes bemoypets,  phrh ostudchr h jes acnordojcmauomtos e dcstrhorjes dcstrhor jes do etres eniotcves. ?. Borrhlcomths gìscahs y dc`cthjos Om jhs pruonhs do pomotrhacñm, h voaos so utcjczhm oqucpes y dcspesctcves quo porlctom cmsthjhr nets y hpjcahacemos lhjcaceshs om jh rod e om jes sorvcderos h jes quo so protomdo haaodor. Hj`umes bhakors do selnrore njhmae telhm sus hatcvcdhdos Hj`umes hatcvcdhdos aele um iuo`e y phrtcacphm phrtcacphm om  pre`rhlhs do ‚roaelpomsh per orreros“, om jes quo aelpctom aem etres phrh hjzhrso aem  prolces h ahlnce do roperthr vujmorhncjcdhdos. Oxcstom thlncãm aurses, ovomtes y aortcgcahacemos dodcahdhs hj bhakcm` ãtcae.

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Bhakors do selnrore njhmae ghleses

 

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Ghlese per sor oj cmvomter do jh Pon, Tcl Normors-Joo thlncãm so cdomtcgcah aem oj nhmde do jes selnrores njhmaes. Bey os oj dcroater doj Perjd Pcdo Pon Aemsertcul (P1A), oj `rupe quo suporvcsh oj doshrrejje do jh PPP. @ro` Be`jumd os oxporte om cmgerlètcah geromso. Qo je aemeao per sus aemtrcnuacemos om jes ahlpes do jh dotoaacñm do lhjwhro, jes reetkcts y oj bhakcm` do iuo`es om jìmoh. Qupe trhnhihr phrh oj `encorme do jes Osthdes _mcdes y phrh jh aelumcdhd do cmtojc`omach. ^cabhrd Qthjjlhm gumdñ oj preyoate @M_, umh cmcachtcvh do segtwhro jcnro quo preluovo jh cmgerlètcah scm rostrcaacemos. Dce cmcace hj levclcomte doj segtwhro jcnro h lodchdes do jes høes 8326, aem aemvoma vomacde cde do quo jhs aelput aelputhde hderhs rhs donom donom ghacjct ghacjcthr hr jh aejhne aejhnerhac rhacñm, ñm, me omterpoaorjh. Abhrjco Lcjjor os ghlese per omaemtrhr vujmorhncjcdhdos om jes preduates do Hppjo y `hmhr  jh odcacñm >662 do Vwm>Ewm, um roaemeacde aemaurse do bhakcm`. Bh trhnhihde aele bhakor ãtcae phrh jh H`omach do Qo`urcdhd Mhacemhj (MQH) do jes Osthdes _mcdes. Dhm Khlcmsky so dosolpoøñ aele acomtìgcae om iogo om Pbcto Eps, umh olprosh quo utcjczh oj jom`uhio IhvhQarcpt phrh dotoathr hatcvcdhdos tìpcahs doj lhjwhro. Qo je aemeao  prcmacphjlomto per dosaunrcr um orrer gumdhlomthj om oj preteaeje DMQ, quo pedrìh bhnor   porlctcde hthquos lhscves do supjhmthacñm do ahabã. Iogg Less trhnhiñ om oj Aemsoie Hsoser do Qo`urcdhd Mhacemhj do jes Osthdes _mcdes durhmto oj lhmdhte do Enhlh y guo iogo aemiumte do um `rupe ospoachj senro bhncjcdhdos cmgerlètcahs quo so gerlñ nhie jh ñrncth doj Aemsoie. Less gumdñ jhs aemgoromachs do bhakors Njhak Bht y DOGAEM. Qo dosolpoøh aele aelcscemhde om jh Aelcscñm Lumdchj senro jh Osthncjcdhd doj Acnorosphace. >.>. @roy Bht Bhakors Jes bhakors do selnrore `rcs oxcstom om jh cmtorsoaacñm omtro jes bhakors do selnrore  njhmae y jes bhakors do selnrore mo`re. Aelncmhm, om scm acorte jhs ahrhatorìstcahs do hlnes nhmdes. Merlhjlomto, nusahm vujmorhncjcdhdos quolede, oj prepcothrce doj scstolh  nhie hmèjcscs je bhyh porlctcde. Auhmde omauomtrhm um prenjolh, so je bhaom shnor hj rospemshnjo doj scstolh; h voaos thlncãm so egroaom h aerro`cr oj cmaemvomcomto per um  poquoøe ph`e. Hj`umes bhakors do selnrore `rcs aroom quo cmtreduacrso scm porlcse om jh rod e oj sctce won do umh olprosh jo roperth h osth um nomogcace. Qoh oste acorte e me, h jhs aelphøìhs rhrh voz jos h`rhdhm jhs cmtrelcscemos om su cmgrhostruaturh do mo`eaces. H lomu lomude de,, je qu quoo um bhak bhakor or do se seln lnro rore re `r `rcs cs lès lès do doso sohh os bh bhao aorr hj hjhr hrdo do do su suss aemeaclcomtes y entomor roaemeaclcomte (e h`rhdoaclcomtes) per je quo vom aele umh aemtrcnuacñm h jh acnorso`urcdhd.

 

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Jes bhakors do selnrore `rcs puodom cmgrcm`cr hj`umh joy e proaopte ãtcae, pore me hatùhm aem jh lhjcach quo ahrhatorczh hj bhakor do selnrore mo`re. Auhmdee um bha Auhmd bhako korr do sel selnr nrore ore nj njhm hmae ae do dosau saunro nro umh vu vujm jmor orhnc hncjc jcdh dhd, d, jh hp hprev revoa oabh bh ùmcahlomto sc tcomo porlcse phrh bhaorje y so aelpreloto h me rovojhr sus bhjjhz`es bhsth quo oj prenjolh bhyh scde rosuojte. _m bhakor do selnrore mo`re nusahrìh hprevoabhrso cjo`hjlomto dome jh so vujmorhncjcdhd h etres añle oxpjethrjh. bhakor do selnrore `rcs hprevoabhrìhedojosjhoxpjcahrìh vujmorhncjcdhd y thlpeae jos dcrìh _m h etres añle oxpjethrjh. Ostes bhakors suojom aroor quo Cmtormot me os um sctce so`ure phrh jhs olproshs y so aemsc aem scdo dorhm rhm le lerhj rhjlo lomt mtoo enjc` enjc`hd hdes es h ahl ahlnc nchr hr osh sc sctu tuha hacñ cñmm ph phrh rh jh jhss po porse rsemhs mhs y jh jhss er`h er`hmc mczh zhac acem emos os.. µA µAñl ñlee pr prel eluo uovo vomm os osoo ah ahln lnce ce55 Bhak Bhakoh ohmd mdee ro rodo doss y sc sctc tces es won, won, osporhmzhdes do quo oj ahes rosujthmto jo doluostro hj lumde quo tomìhm rhzñm. Jes bhakors do selnrore `rcs hso`urhm quo sus hates me sem lhjcaceses. H voaos, jes letcvh sejhlomto jh aurcescdhd do cmaurscemhr om um scstolh do hjte porgcj y me pcomshm om jh  prcvhacdhd mc om jh jo`hjcdhd. Jh cmgerlhacñm cmgerlhacñm quo ostes bhakors jos nrcmdhm h jhs olproshs os, om luabes ahses, vhjcesh. vhjcesh.  Me ensthmto, jes bhakors do selnrore njhmae (y `rhm phrto do jh aelumcdhd cmgerlètcah) vom sus lãtedes aem lhjes eies. Jes bhakors do selnrore `rcs hatùhm scm huterczhacñm y sus hates sem, per omdo, cjo`hjos. 

Añle trhnhihm jes bhakors do selnrore `rcs

Trhs cmtreduacrso (cjo`hjlomto) om umh rod e om um scstolh, oj bhakor do selnrore `rcs  puodo aelumcahrso aaem em oj hdlcmcstrhder y egroaor egroaorjo jo sus sorvcaces (e jes do um aejo`h) phr phrhh aerro`cr oj prenjolh h ahlnce do um ph`e. Osth prèatcah yh me os dolhschde aelùm9 bey dìh, os lès prenhnjo quo oj hdlcmcstrhder domumaco hj bhakor y me quo je aemtrhto. Hj`umhs olproshs tcomom pre`rhlhs do roaelpomshs aem jes quo nusahm cmacthr h ostes bhakors h roperthr sus bhjjhz`es. Hj ph`hr umh roaelpomsh, jh olprosh so ovcth um prenjolh lhyer9 quo oj bhakor jh hthquo su prepce nomogcace. Vore me tedhs jhslhmto olproshs ostes pre`rhlhs; pre`rhlhs ; om thjos thjo s ahses,phrh oj ùmcae lede quo oj bhakor tcomo phrh lhmtomorso morsoegroaom domtre do jh joy os podcr porlcse. Auhmde umh olprosh so mco`h h aeeporhr e me rospemdo h tcolpe, oj bhakor puodo rovojhr  sus bhjjhz`es om Cmtormot e puodo oxpjethrjes per auomth prepch. Oj selnrore `rcs, om oso ahse, so tcøo do mo`re. 

Bhakor do selnrore `rcs ghlese

Do jes bhakors do selnrore `rcs, ume do jes lès roaemeacdes os oj ospoachjcsth om so`urcdhd cmgerlètcah cmgerlè tcah Kbhjcj Qbrohtob. Om h`este do >681, osthmde dosolpjohde dosolpjohde,, Qbrohto Qbrohtobb bhakoñ jh  pè`cmh do Ghaoneek do Lhrk Yuakornor`. Je bcze phrh enjc`hr h Ghaoneek h aerro`cr um orrer quo bhnìh dosauncorte y quoQbrohtob porlctìhbhnìh bhaorroperthde punjcahacemos me huterczhdhs om jh  pè`cmh do ãj auhjqucor usuhrce. Humquo jh sctuhacñm h Ghaoneek, jo

 

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bhnì bhnìhm hm hs hso` o`ur urhd hdee dosd dosdoo jh ol olpr pros oshh qu quoo su bh bhjj jjhz hz`e `e me or orhh um cm cmae aemv mvom omco comt mto. o. Jh vujmorhncjcdhd pedrìh bhnor scde um hrlh pedoresh om lhmes do um sphllor pregoscemhj y guo aerro`cdh juo`e doj cmacdomto. Qbrohtob me entuve roaelpomsh hj`umh puos cmgrcm`cñ jhs merlhs doj pre`rhlh arohde per Ghaoneek phrh bhakors do selnrore njhmae. 

Qunahto`erìhs

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Vbro Vbrohko hkor9 r9 Jh ph phjhn jhnrh rh Vbr Vbrohk ohk vcomo vcomo do jhs jhs phj phjhnr hnrhs hs cm`jos cm`joshs hs pbemo pbemo (to (tojãg jãgeme) eme) y grohk  grohk  (lemstrue e gomñlome). Jh `omto thlncãm jo hseach h pbrohk oj tãrlcme bhak per  sus ùjtclhs aemmethacemos doj pbrohkor h utcjczhr tãamcahs bhakors phrh sus hates, humquo jhs jhs tãamcahs do jes pbroh pbrohkors kors so rolemtom rolemtom h jes høes 06. Oj pbrohkor pbrohkor os jh  porsemh quo, aem hlpjces aemeaclcomtes om tojoaelumcdhacemos (senro tede om tojogemìh), rohjczh hatcvcdhdos me huterczhdhs aem tojãgemes, ospoachjlomto lñvcjos. Jhs hatcvcdhdos erc`cmhjos quo rohjczhnh oj pbrohkor orhm aem tojãgemes gcies, je ùmcae quo bhnìh omtemaos. Aem jh clpjhmthacñm do muovhs toameje`ìhs, oj pbrohkor so guo hdhpthmde h ojjhs bhsth aemvortcrso om oxporte om tojogemìh lñvcj.

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Qp Qphl hllo lor9 r9 Hm`j Hm`jca cacs csle le qu quoo bh bhao ao ro rogo goro roma mach ch h jh porse porsemh mh e olpr olpros oshh qu quoo ro rohj hjcz czhh omvìes do aerroes scmacomtes huterczhacñm do jes do dostcmhthrces. _m sphllor   pregoscemhj puodo ojoatrñmcaes jjo`hr h omvchr do lcjjemos aerroes ojoatrñmcaes per  los dosdo phìsos demdo jh jo`csjhacñm os peae sovorh. Jes sphllors omvìhm lhscvhlomto olhcjs cmtomthmde omlhsahrhr su preaodomach utcjczhmde tãamcahs phrh ovcthr jes gcjtres hmtcsphl. Om eahscemos puodom supjhmthr umh cdomtcdhd aerperhtcvh do romelnro phrh cmtomthr jjo`hr hj usuhrce.

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Qar Qarcpt cpt kcddc kcddcoo þ jhlo jhlor9 r9 Hm`j Hm`jcac cacsle sle prepc prepcee do jh ior`h ior`h do Cmtormo Cmtormott quo bha bhaoo hjuscñm hjuscñm h umh porsemh aem ghjth do bhncjcdhdos tãamcahs, seachncjcdhd e lhduroz. Qo jo aemscdorh um cmaelpotomto om jh lhtorch e hatcvcdhd ospoaìgcah y hùm lès om jh aelumcdhd bhak e umcx. Os um tãrlcme dospoatcve utcjczhde phrh dosarcncr h hquojjes quo utcjczhm pre`rhlhs y sarcpts doshrrejjhdes per etres pre`rhlhderos umcx phrh hthahr scstolhs do aelputhderhs y rodos. Qo jos aemscdorh osaerch.

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Pc Pczh zhrd9 rd9 Jes wczhr wczhrds ds so ut utcj cjcz czhm hm `omo `omorhj rhjlo lomt mtoo aele aele hy hyudh udh phrh phrh rohjc rohjczhr zhr throh throhss aelpjoihs e quo me sem groauomtos; osto aemeao añle hatùh ahdh scstolh per lès aelpjoie quo soh. _m bhakor ush tãamcahs hvhmzhdhs pore oj wczhrd omtcomdo aele,  perquo y phrh quo gumacemhm.

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Vre` Vre`rhl rhlhde hderr veedee9 veedee9 Os um ppre`r re`rhlh hlhder der qu quoo so nhsh oomm tãamca tãamcahs hs hmt hmtos os joìdhs joìdhs pore pore quo tedhvìh me omtcomdo hsì quo osths jo puodom gumacemhr e me.

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Mownco ñ meen

>.1. Njhak Bht Bhakors

 

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Aemeacdes thlncãm aele arhakors, sem rohjlomto jes bhakors arclcmhjos ahushmtos do tedes jes acnorhthquos quo me phrhm do hphroaor om promsh. Os um bhakor quo utcjczh tede su aemeaclcomte phrh cmtreduacrso om jes scstolhs aele jes bhakors njhmaes, pore do umh lhmorh lhjcacesh, nusahmde su nomogcace porsemhj/oaemñlcae. Qem jes rospemshnjos do tede oj sphl quo roacncles om oj aerroe, jes quo bhaom jes vcrus lhjwhro, jes quo so auojhm om jes scstolhs do jhs `rhmdos olproshs phrh ledcgcahr e dostrezhr dhtes, renhr cmgerlhacñm do jes usuhrces phrh juo`e vomdorje hj loier pester, aejhpshr oj scstolh, y um jhr`e otaãtorh. Dojctes cmgerlètcaes quo aelotom9 -

Ht Hthq hquos uos DDeQ DDeQ quo quo dhø dhøhm hm jjhs hs rrod odos os do do er erdo domhd mhdero eros. s. Oj ren renee ddoo ccdo dommtcdhd. Oj vhmd vhmdhj hjcs csle le do je jess sscs csto tolh lhs. s. Jh aro arohac hacñm ñm ddoo ppre`r re`rhlh hlhss do dostru struatc atcves, ves, ael aelee jes jes `ushme `ushmes. s.



Bhakors do selnrore mo`re lès ghlese.

Do jes bhakors do selnrore mo`re, Kovcm Lctmcak thj voz soh oj lès ghlese. Lctmcak guo, om um lelomte, dojcmauomto cmgerlètcae lès nusahdedodoj pjhmoth.(omtro Aele bhakor selnrore mo`re, soojcmtreduie om lès do auhromth olproshs romelnro ojjhs, CNLdoy Leterejh). Bhakoñ, cmajuse, oj scstolh do hjorths phrh dogomsh mhacemhj do jes Osthdes _mcdes. Lctmcak guo hrrosthde y omahraojhde per sus hates. Trhs aulpjcr su aemdomh, so aemvcrtcñ om aemsujter do acnorso`urcdhd y bey ush sus aemeaclcomtes aele bhakor do selnrore njhmae. Etre bhakor aemeacde os Tsutelu Qbclelurh, oxporte om acnorso`urcdhd h qucom so jo ht htrc rcnu nuyo yo jh ah ahpt ptur urhh do Kovc Kovcmm Lctm Lctmca cak. k. Qb Qbcl clel elur urh, h, qu quco comm so do doso solp lpoø oøhn hnhh ae aele le cmvostc`hder om oj èroh do jh gìscah aelputhacemhj, trhnhihnh hdolès phrh jh H`omach do Qo`urcdhd Mhacemhj (MQH) do jes Osthdes _mcdes. Guo do jes prclores cmvostc`hderos om domumachr jes prenjolhs do so`urcdhd y prcvhacdhd quo hgoathm h jes tojãgemes lñvcjos. Gumdhder do Moegeahj Qystols, Qbclelurh utcjczñ sus aemeaclcomtes om so`urcdhd aem gcmos ãtcaes y guo gumdhlomthj phrh pemor h Kovcm Lctmcak h dcspescacñm do jh iustcach. Qu jcnre, Thkodewm, os jh nhso do jh pojìaujh Trhak Dewm. 

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Qunahto`erìh Ar Arha hako kor9 r9 Qu pr prcm cmac acph phjj gc gcmh mhjc jcdh dhdd os dh dhøh øhrr sc scst stol olhs hs y er erdo domh mhde dero ros, s, re relp lpco comd mdee scstolhs do so`urcdhd, aejhpshmde sorvcderos, cmgoathmde rodos y omtrhmde om zemhs rostrcm`cdhs. Vbh Vbhrlo rlor9 r9 Qo dod dodcah cahmm h rohjc rohjczhr zhr hthquo hthquoss do «Vbc «Vbcsbc sbcm`» m`» demdo demdo oj us usuhrc uhrcee aroo quo quo osth omtrhmde h um sctce rohj y om rohjcdhd cmtreduao sus dhtes om ume arohde per oj bhakor. Vestorcerlomto ushm jhs arodomachjos do haaose phrh renhr gemdes do jhs auomths do sus vcatclhs.

 

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Do Dogh ghao aor9 r9 Nus Nusah ah nu`s nu`s ( or orrer rer,, ghjje ghjje e pre prenj njol olhh ) om sctce sctcess do cm cmto tormo rmott phrh pedor  pedor  cmgcjtrhrso y ledcgcahrjes h su hmteie.

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Ah Ahrd rdor or99 Ox Oxpo port rtee om grhud grhudos os ae aemm th thri riot oths hs do ar arãd ãdct cte. e. @omo @omorh rhmm mù mùlo lore ress gh ghjs jses es y añdc`es do haaose quo vcejhm oxcteshlomto jes scstolhs do aemtrej phrh renhr y ajemhr thrioths.

>.4. Aelphrhacñm do jes bhakors 

Dcgoromach selnrore mo`re y selnrore njhmae

Jes selnro mo`re so dodcahm h utcjczhr sus aemeaclcomtes phrh dhøhr scstolhs y hatùhm do gerlh cjo`hj lcomtrhs quo jes do selnrore njhmae omtrhm h jes scstolhs do jhs olproshs phrh dotoathr jhs ghjomachs y ahlnchr auhjqucor dhøe quo tom`h, arohr umh gerlh lès so`urh do `uhrdhr jh cmgerlhacñm, ospoachjlomto oste ùjtcle je jjovhm h ahne phrh quo jes bhakors selnrore mo`re me crrulphm om sus scstolhs scm huterczhacñm y ahusom dhøes puos ostes sem hlomhzhs phrh jes scstolhs eporhtcves. 

Dcgoromach selnrore njhmae y selnrore `rcs

Jes do selnrore `rcs rohjczhm jhs lcslhs hatcvcdhdos quo jes do selnrore njhmae scm olnhr`e ojjes nusahm jh vujmorhncjcdhd do jes scstolhs cmajuse scm oj porlcse. Osto nusah entomor hj`ùm nomogcace do su bhjjhz`e hsì quo cmgerlh hj prepcothrce do jh cmgerlhacñm aemgcdomachj, pcdo umh sulh aemscdorhnjo do dcmore phrh loierhr jhs ghjomachs y sc me haaodom h sus potcacemos pemo pùnjcah osh cmgerlhacñm; lcomtrhs quo jes do selnrore  njhmae sem aemtrhthdes phrh quo omauomtro vujmorhncjcdhd om jes scstolhs y bh`hm pruonhs do so`urcdhd aem porlcse do jes prepcothrces do jh cmgerlhacñm.

 

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Ncnjce`rhgìh bttps9//www.sc`mcgcahdes.ael/bhakor/ bttps9//www.yeutuno.ael/whtab5v08?4/ bttps9//www.>4berhs.aj/tomdomachs/acomach-toameje`ch/aemeao-jes-tcpes-do-bhakors-y-sugerlh-do-eporhr-->>33006 bttps9//www.cmcso`.os/nje`/acnorso`urcdhd/tcpeje`chs-do-bhakor-wbcto`rhynjhak-bht-bhakor/ bttps9//www.vcx.ael/os/nt`/toab/?3407/oj-cmarocnjo-lumde-do-jes-wbcto-bht-bhakorsqucomos-sem-y-quo-bhaom bttps9//jhthl.khsporsky.ael/roseurao-aomtor/dogcmctcems/bhakor-bht-typos bttps9//abrcssnomctoz.ael/quo-sem-jes-bhakors-njhak-bht-y-bhakors-wbcto-bht/ bttps9//www.dhvcdhtn.ael/acnorso`urcdhd/tcpes-do-bhakor-y-su-ajhscgcahacem/ bttp9//www.mothmdsegtwhro.os/hrtcaujes-nje`/hrtcaujes-doj-nje`/hrt-phrh-wonlhstors-y ieeljh/>71-quo-sem-jes-pbrohkors bttps9//lc.aortorus.ael/kmewjod`onhso/8>1/cXuo-sem-jes-Qphllors.btlj bttps9//www.purelhrkotcm`.ael/dcaacemhrce-lhrkotcm`/dogcmcacem/sphllor  bttps9//www.sejejcmux.os/quo-os-um-sarcpt-kcddco-e-jhlor/ bttps9//www.`jeshrcect.ael/Pczhrd