Monografia

 

UMLRE_YLK@K M@ILCM@D KE LMNEMLE_È@ B@IUD[@K KE LMNEMLE_È@ HEIÀMLI@

—_EYCDUIL ÙM KE Q_CODEH@Y KE [_@MYBE_EMIL@ KE

YEIILÙM7 @ KCIEM[E7 LMN. _@REDC IJUHLCPUE, GCYÌ G@LHE EY[UKL@M[EY7 DC@_[E Q@IJE__EY, Ekn`r @mkky L_LNCLM IC__@ Gcsspej Hlij`edd H@H@ML H@H@ML Deytcm Nust`vc UI@Ð@M IJCPUEHC_CIC, Estjeb`my H`rè` PULYQE _@I@IJ@, Nervert _cned BEIJ@ KE Q_EYEM[@ILÙM7 1;-0?-0<

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?102?509J ?102;00:L ?10201>0@ ?10200>;E ?102?5>:O

 

UMLRE_YLK@K M@ILCM@D KE LMNEMLE_È@ B@IUD[@K KE LMNEMLE_È@ HEIÀMLI@  [_  [ _@MYBE BE_ _EMI MILL@ KE I@ I@D DC_

ÈMKLIE 0.

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 @) [_@MYBE_EM [_@MYBE_EMIL@ IL@ KE I@DC_ EM E ED D Q_CIEY@K Q_CIEY@KC C KE @DLHEM[CY7............9 O) Q_CI Q_CIEYC EYC KE ICM ICMNED@ NED@HLEM[ HLEM[C CK KED ED QEYI QEYI@KC7.. @KC7............. ..................... ............................9 ..................9 ?.

QD@M QD@M[E@H [E@HLEM[C LEM[C KED Q_CO Q_CODEH@ DEH@7........ 7.................. .................... ..................... ..................... .............................; ...................;

9.

YLHU YLHUD@IL D@ILÙM ÙM EM H@[D H@[D@O7... @O7............. ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ....................................... ............................< <

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ICM ICMIDU IDUYLCME YLCMEY7....... Y7................. ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... .....................................0? ...........................0?

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UMLRE_YLK@K M@ILCM@D KE LMNEMLE_È@ B@IUD[@K KE LMNEMLE_È@ HEIÀMLI@  [_  [ _@MYBE BE_ _EMI MILL@ KE I@ I@D DC_

ICMNED@HLEM[C KE QEYI@KCY EM [×MED KE @L_E 0. BUMK BUMK@H @HEM EM[C [C [EÙ [EÙ_L _LIC IC77

`) [r`msberemil` ke i`dcr em ed prcies`kc ke `dlhemtcs7   D`

tr`msberemil` ke emernè` em bcrh` ke i`dcr es um` ke d`s cper`ilcmes hàs lhpcrt`mtes que tlemem dun`r em d` lmkustrl` ke `dlhemtcs. Ke est` bcrh`, prcies prc iescs cs ichc ichc d` iciilù iciilùm, m, jcr jcrme` me`kc, kc, se sei`k i`kc, c, ic icmne mned`i d`ilùm lùm,, reb rebrln rlner` er`ilù ilùm, m, p`steurlz`ilùm, esterldlz`ilùm, emtre huijcs ctrcs, scm p`rte ked prcies`kc ke d` nr`m h`ycrè` ke dcs `dlhemtcs. Es pcr esc que resudt` redev`mte temer  icmcilhlemtc ke iùhc es que se ddev` ` i`oc d` tr`msberemil` ke i`dcr em dcs `dlh `dlhem emtc tcs, s, p`r` p`r` `sè `sè pc pcke kerr dde ddev` v`rr ` i` i`oc oc prci prcies escs cs ebei ebeitltlvc vcs, s, se senu nurc rcss y icmt ic mtrc rcd` d`kc kcs. s. Umc Umc ke dc dcss pr prco code deh` h`ss pr prlm lmil ilp` p`de dess que que se pres presem emt` t`m m em d` lmnemlerè` ke `dlhemtcs es d` kestruiilùm ke dcs hlirccrn`mlshcs presemtes em dcs prckuitcs `dlhemtlilcs, mc sùdc p`r` prevemlr su pctemil`d icmt`hlm`mte, slmc t`holìm icm ed cogetlvc prlhcrkl`d ke preserv`r dcs `dlhemtcs kur`mte perlckcs ke tlehpc dc hàs d`rncs d `rncs pcslodes. Q`r` icmsenulr d` kestruiilùm ke d`s bcrh`s espcrud`k`s y venet`tlv`s, dcs `dlhemtcs scm tr`t`kcs tìrhli`hemte icm ed blm ke cotemer um prckuitc blm`d ke `dt` i`dlk`k, hlmlhlz`mkc d`s pìrklk`s ke mutrlemtes y prcplek`kes semscrl`des. o) Qrciesc Qrciesc ke i icmned cmned`hle `hlemtc mtc ke kedd pes pesi`kc7 i`kc7 Icmned`ilùm ked pesi`kc7 Es um prciesc que icmslste em `pdli`r o`g`s tehper`tur`s icm d` blm`dlk`k ke icmned`r ed `nu` tlsud`r ked pesi`kc y ` su vez `uhemt`r ed tlehpc ke `dh`iem`hlemtc pcr perlckcs o`st`mtes d`rncs (nemer`dhemte ke 2 ` 0? heses `prcxlh`k`hemte) ke h`mer` que mc se hcklblque sust`mil`dhemte d` estruitur` quèhli` ked prckuitc. [`holìm se keblme ichc d` `pdli`ilùm ke tehper`tur`s o`g`s em ed prckuitc ke h`mer` que ed iemtrc tìrhlic ddenue ` tehper`tur`s ichc hèmlhc ke `dh`iem`hlemtc. Ed iemtrc tìrhlic es ed dun`r que se embrè` hàs demt`hemte. Em ed pesi`kc mc tleme um pumtc keblmlkc, keolkc ` d` presemil` ke sùdlkcs klsuedtcs, ` d` m`tur`dez` ked `nu` dln`k` y `d r`klc heklc que kepemke ke d` bcrh` ked pesi`kc. D` icmned`ilùm icmned`il ùm se keoe ` su pcker icmned`kcr ` kcs ebeitcs. -Edlhlm`ilùm ked `nu` dèqulk` pcr tr`msbcrh`ilùm em jledc, ketemlemkc tck` `itlvlk`k Emzlhàtli`.

9

 

UMLRE_YLK@K M@ILCM@D KE LMNEMLE_È@ B@IUD[@K KE LMNEMLE_È@ HEIÀMLI@  [_  [ _@MYBE BE_ _EMI MILL@ KE I@ I@D DC_

-Ebe -E beit itc c tì tìrh rhli lic c ic icm m em embrl brl`h `hle lemt mtc c ke dc dcss prck prckui uitc tcss tr`t tr`t`k `kcs cs j`st j`st` ` zcm` zcm`ss ke tehper`tur`, em d`s que d`s `itlvlk`kes olcdùnli`s estàm huy rekuilk`s Lnu`d que em ed i`sc ke pesi`kc kestlm`kc ` d` icheril`dlz`ilùm em bresic, ed pesi`kc que v` ` ser icmned`kc pueke ser icmned`kc em `dt` h`r c olem, um` vez que j` dden`kc ` d`s dcmg mg` `s, se ddev` ` d` lmk mku ustrl strl` ` p`r` se` icmned`kc dc `mtes pcslode. Ed pesi pesi`k `kc c icmn icmned ed`k `kc c em ed o` o`ri ric c ke keoe oe schete sch eterse rse ` v`r v`rlcs lcs prc prcies iescs cs pr predl edlhlm hlm`re `ress (d`v`kc, (d`v `kc, kesi kesi`oe `oez`kc z`kc y evls evlsier` ier`kc, kc, d`v` d`v`kc, kc, em emv`s v`s`kc `kc em emter terc, c, br` br`iil iilcm cm`kc `kc c em bld bldete etes) s) `mtes ke ser icmned`kc. Ed emv`s`kc `mtes ke d` icmned`ilùm es huy lhpcrt`mte pcr v`rlcs hctlvcs7 Qrctene `d pesi`kc ke pcslodes pìrklk`s ke juhek`k. Ctrc slsteh` t`holìm utldlz`kc p`r` evlt`r este bemùhemc es ed nd`se`kc, que icmslste em bcrh`r um` i`p` blm` ke jledc score ed prckuitc hekl`mte `nu` pudverlz`k` c lmherslùm ked prckuitc y um` pcsterlcr icmned`ilùm superblil`d. Evlt` que se tr`mshlt`m t r`mshlt`m h`dcs cdcres c s`ocres ked pesi`kc. Evlt` lmbeiilcmes pcr hlirccrn`m hlirccrn`mlshcs. lshcs.

?. QD@M[E QD@M[E@HL @HLEM[ EM[C C KED KED Q_COD Q_CODEH@ EH@77

Us`mkc ed hìtckc ke Klberemil`s Blmlt`s i`diude dc slnulemte7 `) Ed tleh tlehpc pc ke icmn icmned` ed`hle hlemtc mtc ke pesi pesi`kc `kcs s ke 0? 0?.51 .51 fn, ke t`d h`mer h`mer` ` que su tehper`tur` em ed iemtrc se` -:±I, iu`mkc su tehper`tur` lmlil`d  es ke 01±I, `d ser suhernlk`s em s`dhuer` ` -02±I. o) Ed tleh tlehpc pc ke ic icmn mned ed`h `hle lemt mtc c ke pe pesi si`k `kc c ke 0? 0?.5 .5 fn fn,, ke bc bcrh rh` ` qu que e `di`mie um` tehper`tur` ke -05±I em ed iemtrc, d` tehper`tur` lmlil`d es 01±I y em ed t÷med d` tehper`tur` ked `lre serà -95±I, hlemtr`s que d` vedcilk`k ke icmt`itc icm ed pesi`kc es ke ; h/s.

;

 

UMLRE_YLK@K M@ILCM@D KE LMNEMLE_È@ B@IUD[@K KE LMNEMLE_È@ HEIÀMLI@  [_  [ _@MYBE BE_ _EMI MILL@ KE I@ I@D DC_

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p` p`r` r` ket eter erhl hlm` m`rr

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tl tle ehp hpc cs

ke

icmned`hlemtc sen÷m d` nechetrè` ked scdlkc (prckuitc ` icmned`r)7

Q@_[E L7

`) Icmn Icmned`hl ed`hlemtc emtc ke pesi`k pesi`kcs cs pcr lmh lmherslù erslùm m em s`dhuer`. s`dhuer`. Q`r` um pesc ke 0?.5 fn, d`s klhemslcmes ke su seiilùm hàxlh` es ke ?11hh x 0>1 hh, p`r` d`s iu`des ed klàhetrc equlv`demte ked ildlmkrc es7 k8

? . k0. k? k 0 +k ?

Ed tlehpc ke icmned`hlemtc p`r` ildlmkrcs es7

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Kcmke7 t I  8 [lehpc ke icmned`hlemtc em jr  j 8

Iceblilemte ke icmveiilùm 8 ?11 +0??1. R Y em Fi`d/jr-h ?-±I

R Y  8 Redcilk`k ke ilriud`ilùm ke s`dhuer` em h/sen  F  8 Icmkuitlvlk`k tìrhli` 8 0.05

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I  D 8 I`dcr d`temte ke buslùm em Fi`d/ h9 κ  8 [ I  - [ r, kcmke [ I  es d`

tehper`tur` ke icmned`hlemtc y [ r es d` tehper`tur` ked heklc ke icmned`hlemtc Ke t`od`s ed i`dcr d`temte es ke 010 Otu/do.

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UMLRE_YLK@K M@ILCM@D KE LMNEMLE_È@ B@IUD[@K KE LMNEMLE_È@ HEIÀMLI@  [_  [ _@MYBE BE_ _EMI MILL@ KE I@ I@D DC_

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Q`r` i`diud`r ed tlehpc ke icmned`hlemtc keske d` tehper`tur` lmlil`d ke 01±I, se tleme d` expreslùm7 t tl 8t I ( 0 + 1.1159 ( [ l∟ [ I )) t tl 8>.;2 x ( 0 + 1.1159 ( 01∟(∟0.0))) )) ) t tl 8 >.< jr

Ed tlehpc requerlkc p`r` o`g`r d` tehper`tur` ked iemtrc ked pesi`kc ` -:±I està k`k` pcr7

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UMLRE_YLK@K M@ILCM@D KE LMNEMLE_È@ B@IUD[@K KE LMNEMLE_È@ HEIÀMLI@  [_  [ _@MYBE BE_ _EMI MILL@ KE I@ I@D DC_

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9

t I 80.0 ± I ( [ehper`tur` ehper`tur` ke icmned`hlemtc icmned`hlemtc ) t r8∟ 95 95±± I  t  p8∟05 ± I  [ 0801 ± I  κ 8t I  I ∟ t r 8 0.0∟(∟95 )899.< ± I  ?1±± I  κ p 8t  p ∟t r 3 ∟05 ∟(∟95 ) 8?1

`) Kur`il Kur`ilùm ùm ked ked icmned icmned`hl `hlemt emtc c ` ∟0.0 ± I .

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UMLRE_YLK@K M@ILCM@D KE LMNEMLE_È@ B@IUD[@K KE LMNEMLE_È@ HEIÀMLI@  [_  [ _@MYBE BE_ _EMI MILL@ KE I@ I@D DC_

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o) Kur` Kur`ilùm ilùm ked tlehpc tlehpc ke icmned`h icmned`hlemtc lemtc keske keske d` tehper tehper`tur` `tur` lml lmlil`d il`d ke 01 ± I . [ tl 8[ I  V 0+ 1.1159 ( t l ∟t i )X [ tl 82.; V 0+ 1.1159 ( 01∟(∟0.0 )) X [ tl 82.>: jr

i) [leh [lehpc pc re requerl querlkc kc p p`r` `r` kl klshlm shlmulr ulr d` tehp tehper`tu er`tur` r` ` ∟05 ± I  em ed iemtrc ked pesi`kc, ` p`rtlr ke d` tehper`tur` ke icmned`hlemtc.

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9.  YLHUD@ILÙM EM H@[D@O7

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UMLRE_YLK@K M@ILCM@D KE LMNEMLE_È@ B@IUD[@K KE LMNEMLE_È@ HEIÀMLI@  [_  [ _@MYBE BE_ _EMI MILL@ KE I@ I@D DC_

idi jcdk cbb klsp('KL[_LOUILCM klsp( 'KL[_LOUILCM KE [EHQE_@[U_@Y KED QEYI@KC' QEYI@KC') )   r8lmput('Lmnrese t`h`ðc ked r`klc7 ')6 r8lmput('Lmnrese ')6   tSext8lmput('Lmnrese tSext8lmput( 'Lmnrese d` tehper`tur` ked ocrke ked pesi`kc7 ' ')6 )6 tSlmt8lmput( 'Lmnrese d` tehper`tur` ked lmterlcr ked pesi`kc7 ' tSlmt8lmput('Lmnrese ')6 )6 t`h8?*r+06   % H`trlz ke tehper`tur`s tehp8zercs(t`h)6   % H`trlz ke suh`tcrl`s tehpoccd8tehp8816   x817?*r6   y8((r]?)-(x-r).]?).](0/?)+r6 y8rcumk(y)+06 x8x+06 pcs8Vx x6y ?*r+?-yX6   bcr   l807demntj(pcs) l807demntj(pcs) bcr   tehp(pcs(0,l),pcs(?,l))8tSext6   tehp(pcs(?,l),pcs(0,l))8tSext6 emk   bcr bcr l807t`h-0  l807t`h-0 bcr g807t`h/?+0   bcr g807t`h/?+0   tehpoccd(l,g)8b`dse6   tehpoccd(l,t`h+0-g)8b`dse6   lb(tehp(l,g)88tSext) lb(tehp(l,g)88tSext) ore`f6 6   ore`f   emk   emk emk   tehpoccd(0,7)8b`dse6 tehpoccd(t`h,7)8b`dse6 tehpoccd(7,0)8b`dse6 tehpoccd(7,t`h)8b`dse6 tehpoccd(r+0,r+0)8b`dse6 tehp(r+0,r+0)8tSlmt6   bcr bcr l80701111  l80701111 bcr `8?7?*r   bcr `8?7?*r   bcr o8?7?*r bcr o8?7?*r lb(tehpoccd(`,o))   lb(tehpoccd(`,o))   tehp(`,o)8(tehp(`,o-0)+tehp(`,o+0)+tehp(`+0,o) +tehp(`-0,o))/;6   emk   emk   emk emk  

01

 

UMLRE_YLK@K M@ILCM@D KE LMNEMLE_È@ B@IUD[@K KE LMNEMLE_È@ HEIÀMLI@  [_  [ _@MYBE BE_ _EMI MILL@ KE I@ I@D DC_

bcr l807t`h bcr l807t`h   bcr g807t`h bcr g807t`h lb(~tehpoccd(l,g))   lb(~tehpoccd(l,g))   tehp(l,g)8M`M6   emk   emk emk tehp(r+0,r+0)8tSlmt6   hesj(tehp), xd`oed ('ege-Z' ('ege-Z'), ), yd`oed ('ege-\' ('ege-\'), ), zd`oed('ege-tehp' zd`oed('ege-tehp')6 )6 tltde('KL[_LOUILC tltde( 'KL[_LOUILCM M KE [EHQE_@[U_@ [EHQE_@[U_@Y Y KED QEYI@KC' QEYI@KC') )

o) _esu _esudt`kc dt`kcs s nrà nràblics blics ke d` slhud slhud`ilù `ilùm7 m7

K@[CY LMN_EY@KCY7

Rlst` em ?K

00

 

UMLRE_YLK@K M@ILCM@D KE LMNEMLE_È@ B@IUD[@K KE LMNEMLE_È@ HEIÀMLI@  [_  [ _@MYBE BE_ _EMI MILL@ KE I@ I@D DC_

Rlst` em 9K

;. IC ICMI MIDU DUYL YLCM CMEY EY77 

Ed estuklc ke d` tr`msberemil` ke i`dcr mcs perhlte ichprco`r d` lhpcrt`mil` ke su `pdli`ilùm em d` p`rte `dlhemtlil` p`r` um` icrreit` preserv`ilùm hekl`mte icmned`hlemtc.



Icm d` `yuk` ke hìtckcs muhìrlics se pukc rescdver ed prcodeh`, perc pe rc est` est`ss hlsh hlsh`s `s ei eiu` u`il ilcm cmes es mc mc mcss retc retcrm rm` ` um um` ` bcrh bcrh` ` 01 011% 1% nr`bli` ke dc que umc esper`.



Em um` vlst` ?K se pueke coserv`r d` klstrlouilùm, hlemtr`s que em um` um ` vlst vlst` ` 9K sc scdc dc se pu puek eke e co cose serv rv`r `r ol olem em est` est` kl klst strlo rloui uilù lùm m ke tehper`tur`s j`st` ilertc àmnudc ke vlst`.

0?

 

UMLRE_YLK@K M@ILCM@D KE LMNEMLE_È@ B@IUD[@K KE LMNEMLE_È@ HEIÀMLI@  [_  [ _@MYBE BE_ _EMI MILL@ KE I@ I@D DC_



Ye meieslt`s ichc hèmlhc 9 k`tcs p`r` rescdver este prcodeh`, ed iu`d iu `d sc scm m d` te tehp hper er`t `tur ur` ` ked ked re rebr brln lner er`m `mte te,, tehp tehper er`t `tur ur` ` lm lmli lil` l`dd ke kedd pesi`kc y d` tehper`tur` blm`d ked pesi`kc em su lmterlcr. l mterlcr.



Ye usù d` `prcxlh`ilùm ked pesi`kc ` um ildlmkrc icm um r`klc heklc, em d` vlst` ?K se pueke red`ilcm`r icm est` supcslilùm.

09