Monografia de Parricidio

 

^ZDPDMXF@CGM Pdoüm umf dxtdmhchf gpcmcðm, dk pfrrc`chf odmdrf ghcg y rdpuhcg5 dk fsdscmg, tdagr. Pu f`tg `gmstctuyd dk `gapgrtfacdmtg `rcacmfk dajkdaætc`g. Ds fsdscmftg sd `frf`tdrczf `frf`tdrczf pgr umf dspd`cfk hdsvfkgrf` hdsvfkgrf`cðm cðm hd kfs `cr`umstfm` `cr`umstfm`cfs cfs dm kfs qud sd prghu`d kf audrtd hd umf pdrsgmf 6. @gm dk bgac`chcg scapkd tcdmd dm `gaüm dk rdprdsdmtfr um ftdmtfhg `gmtrf kf vchf buafmf :, pdrg su pfrtc`ukfrchfh kg hf kf `gm`urrdm`cf hd `cdrtfs `cr`umstfm`cfs. ^gr dkkg `gmstctuyd dk ftfqud aæs orfvd f kf vchf buafmf 0. Pcm dajrfog mg hdtdracmf umf orfhf`cðm sdoüm dk vfkgr  hdk jcdm luráhc`g, tghf vdz qud kf vchf buafmf tcdmd um chãmtc`g vfkgr dm tghgs kgs `fsgs8. Dk fsds fsdscm cmft ftg g lu lumt mtg g fk pfr pfrrc rc`c `chc hcg g sg sgm m kf kfss icicour ourfs fs hd hdkckc`t `tcv cvfs fs qu qud d pg pgsd sddm dm af afyg ygr  r  orfvdhfh dm kgs hdkctgs, `gmtrf kf vchf dk `udrpg y kf sfkuh. Dk kdocskfhgr pftrcg `gmvdm`chg hd kf sdadlfmzf dm `ufmtg f kf orfvdhfh y `gmag`cðm sg`cfk hd fajfs icourfs ds qud capkfmtg `grrd`tfadmtd dm um cmc`cg um acsag pcsg rdspd`tg fk aámc aámcag ag hd kf pdmf pdmf f ca capg pgmd mdr. r. Dm did` did`tg tg dk `ghc `ghcicic`f `fhg hgrr mf`c mf`cgm gmfk fk `gm `gm kf prgaukof`cðm hdk `ðhcog pdmfk dstfjkd`cð umf sfm`cðm dm dk fsdscmftg mg admgr  hd qucm`d fögs, pdmf mgtfjkdadmtd supdrcgr f kf dstfjkd`chf pgr kf `gacscðm hd um bgac`chcg scapkd y qud hcidráf dm sgkg `cm`g fögs hdk aæs orfvd hd kgs hdkctgs qud supgmdm kf dkcacmf`cðm hd umf g vfrcfs vchfs buafmfs `gag ds dk `fsg hdk hdkctg hd odmg`chcg (Frt. 063) fk qud sd kd capgmd umf pdmf prcvftcvf hd kcjdrtfh mg admgr hd vdcmtd fögs y qud pgr kdy M¾ :93:9 hdk :6 hd Idjrdrg hd 6332 bf pfsfhg f cmtdorfr um tátukg dspd`cfk (Xctukg RCY) rdidrchg f kgs hdkctgs `gmtrf kf buafmchfh.

6

 @ir. ^DÖFZFMHF ZFAGP, @gapdmhcg hd Hdrd`bg ^dmfk. ^frtd dspd`cfk, `ct., Ygk. C p. 6??5 OGM\FKDP ZTP, dm @GJG HDK ZGPFK (hcr), `ursg hd Hdrd`bg pdmfk dspfögk. ^frtd dspd`cfk, `ct., X.6, p. 905 PFM@BD\ XGAFP, Hdrd`bg ^dmfk. ^frtd dspd`cfk, `ct. Ygk. C, p. :35 ATÖG\ @GMHD, Hdrd`bg pdmfk. ^frtd dspd`cfk, p. 8?5 JTPXGP ZFACZD\, Afmufk hd Hdrd`bg ^dmfk. ^frtd dspd`cfk, `ct., p. ::5 JFLG IDZMFMHD IDZMFMHD\, \, Afmu Afmufk fk hd Hdrd`bg pdmfk. ^frtd dspd` dspd`cfk, cfk, Hdkctgs `gmtrf kfs pdrsgmfs, `ct. ^. 4?. :  @ir. JF@COFKT^G, ‛kgs hdkctgs hd bgac`chcg‑, `ct. ^. 04. 0  @ir. IDKC^C PFJGZCX, dm PCKYF PFM@BD\ dt fk., Kd``cgmds hd Hdrd`bg pdmfk. ^frtd dspd`cfk, `ct. ^. 0: 8 @ir. PFM\ AGZFM. ‛prdsupudstgs pfrf kf rdigraf hd kgs hdkctgs `gmtrf kf vchf‑ `ct. p. 2?5 JF@COFKT^G, ‛kgs hdkctgs hd bgac`chcg‑ `ct. p. :3

 

^gstdrcgradmt ^gstdr cgradmtd, d, dk hd`rdt hd`rdtg g kdocs kdocskftcv kftcvg g M¾ 239 hdk :8 hd Afyg hd 6332 cm`rda cm`rdadmtg dmtg mgtfjkdadmtd kf pdmfkchfh hdk fsdscmftg, kkdofmhg f capgmdr, dm `ufmtg f su káactd aámcag, vdcmtc`cm`g fögs hd pdmf prcvftcvf hd kcjdrtfh. Dk káactd aæxcag sd hdlf fjcdrtg, tfk `gag su`dháf dm kf igraukf`cðm cmc`cfk hd kf icourf, sctuf`cðm qud rdprdsdmtf umf `kfrf cmirf``cðm fk prcm`cpcg hd hdtdracmf`cðm hd kf kdy pdmfk 4, dk `ufk dxcod qud mg sgkg kf `gmhu`tf sd dm`udmtrd fhd`ufhfadmtd prd`csfhf, scmg tfajcãm kf pdmfkchfh, hdjcãmhgsd `drrfr dk afr`g pdmfk tfmtg pgr frrcjf `gag pgr  fjflg. Fsá acsag, dstf mgraf cm`grpgrfjf umf mudvf forfvfmtd< dk pkf`dr, f su vdz aghcic`fjf kf ujc`f`cðm hd kf `cr`umstfm`cf hd vdmdmg qud pfsg f igrafr pfrtd hd kgs adhcgs pdkcorgsgs. @fjd rdsfktfr qud `gm dstf aghcic`f`cðm sd cmstfurg umf kfadmtfjkd cmvdrscðm vfkgrftcvf dm kf pgmhdrf`cðm hd kgs jcdmds luráhc`gs y kfs rdspd`tcvfs pdmfkchfhds qud sd capgmdm, puds pfrfhðlc`fadmtd dm mudstrf kdocskf`cðm rdsuktg au`bg aæs orfvd `gadtdr um fsdscmftg qud prf`tc`fr um odmg`chcg, dk `ufk, `gag sd sfjd, mg sgkg `gmscstd dm su aghfkchfh aæs orfvd (Frt. 063 cm`. 6), ;dm aftfr f acdajrgs hd um orupg= (aæs orupg=  (aæs hd hgs), scmg qud `gmstctuyd um `rcadm `gmtrf kf buafmchfh. Pd cmircmoáf hd aghg `kfagrgsg dk prcm`cpcg hd prgpgr`cgmfkchfh hd kfs pdmfs qud gjkcof f rdpfrfr rdpfrfr dm kgs hftgs hd kf capgrtfm`cf capgrtfm`cf hdk jcdm luráhc`g, luráhc`g, dk hdsv hdsvfkgr fkgr hd kf f``cðm, dm kf hfögschfh sg`cfk hd kf `gmhu`tf `gag dm kf f`tctuh cmtdrmf aæs hdsvfkchgs, qud sgm au`bg aæs rdprgjfjkds dm dk odmg`chcg qud dm dk fsdscmftg. ^gstdrcgradmtd, kf kdy M¾ :?8?: hdk 4 hd Lumcg hd :>>6 vgkvcð fk tdxtg grcocmfk dm `ufmtg fk afrodm aámcag hd kf pdmf, qud kg `gmsdrvg kf mudvf `cr`umstfm`cf hd

pkf`dr y dk trfskfhg hd kf `cr`umstfm`cf hd vdmdmg hdmtrg hd kgs adhcgs pdkcorgsgs (Frt. 6>2 cm`.8). Kf Kdy M¾ :22?2 hdk 6? hd fogstg hd :>>9 cm`grpgrg umf mudvf `cr`umstfm`cf f kf icourf pgr kf qud sd `fstcofjf hd afmdrf dspd`cfkadmtd orfvd `ufmhg< ;kf vá`tcaf ds acdajrg hd kf ^gkc`áf Mf`cgmfk g hd kfs Iudrzfs Frafhfs, afocstrfhg hdk ^ghdr Luhc`cfk g hd Acmcstdrcg ^ujkc`g dm dk `uapkcacdmtg hd sus ium`cgmds= 9. 4 @ir. 9

@FPXCKKG FKYF, Lgsã Kucs, ^rcm`cpcgs hd hdrd`bg pdmfk. ^frtd odmdrfk, Of`dtf Luráhc`f, Kcaf, :>>:, p. 2?.  Ychd PFKCMFP PC@@BF, Hdrd`bg pdmfk. ^frtd dspd`cfk, :hf dhc`cðm , `ct, `c t, p. 04

 

@gag @g ag pudhd pudhd vdr vdrsd, sd, fk kd kdoc ocsk skfh fhgr gr mf`c mf`cgm gmfk fk mg kd sf sftctcsi sif` f`dm dm dk `ft `ftæk ækgo gog g hd `cr`umstfm`cfs yf fapkcfs hdk fsdscmftg, scmg qud hd afmdrf pfukftcmf y dm umf kákámd mdf f umc umcig igra rad d sd pr prdg dg`up `upf f pg pgrr fuad fuadmt mtfr fr hd af afmd mdrf rf hc hcs`u s`utctcjk jkd d su müad müadrg, rg, cm`urrcdmhg dm umf præ`tc`f `dmsurfjkd. Kf cm`grpgrf`cðm hd kfs mudvfs forfvfmtds hciá`ckadmtd pgsdd sustdmtg rf`cgmfk g dm`udmtrfm `gjdrturf dm kgs vfkgrds `gmstctu`cgmfkds vcodmtds. ^gr dk `gmtrfrcg, sgm mgrafs `uyf fpfrc`c fpfrc`cðm ðm dstf scomfh scomfhf f pgr kf `gyumturf, pgr rãhctgs pgkátc` pgkátc`gs, gs, kf dxpkgtf`cðm hd kfs dag`cgmds y sdmtcacdmtgs sdmtcacdmtgs hd au`bfs `fpfs hd kf pgjkf`cðm ? y mg dm umf `g `gmh mhu`t u`tf f kd kdoc ocsk skft ftcv cvf f dm aftd aftdrc rcf f pd pdmf mfkk rd rdsp spgms gmsfj fjkd kd,, ad adhc hctf tfhf hf y `gapftcjkd `gm umf dstrftdocf pgkátc`g - `rcacmfk rf`cgmfk 2. Dk pfrrc`chcg y dk fsdscmftg sgm hdkctgs hd dstru`turf y `gapgsc`cðm hcstcmtf qud `gcm`chdm sgkg dm dk bd`bg hd aftfr. Tmf y gtrf `ftdográf hdkc`tcvf sd hcstcmoudm mátchfadmtd f pfrtcr qud acdmtrfs dk pfrrc`chcg kgorf iumhfadmtfrsd dm dk vám`ukg hd pfrdmtds`g, dk fsdscmftg bf`d rd`fdr su afygr orfvdhfh dm kf dld`u`cðm aftfr  sdoüm hdtdracmfhf aghfkchfh hd kf f``cðm (`rudkhfh g fkdvgsáf), sdoüm umf dspd`cfk vgkumtfh (idrg`chfh g ku`rg) g pgr dk dapkdg hd um adhcg kdtfk (vdmdmg). Kf mfturfkdzf futðmgaf hdk pfrrc`chcg y dk fsdscmftg `gag hdkctgs suc odmdrcs sd pkfmtdf, pkfmtd f, tfmtg hdshd umf pdrspd` pdrspd`tcvf tcvf hgoaætc`f `gag `rcac `rcacmgkðoc mgkðoc`f, `f, fum `ufmhg mg ifktdm vg`ds `rátc`fs dm mudstrf pftrcf gpudstfs f dstd `rctdrcg y qud vdm ümc`fadmtd ümc`fa dmtd fk fsdscmft fsdscmftg g `gag um ;bgac ;bgac`chcg `chcg `fkcic`fhg= `fkcic`fhg=.. Dstf `gapgs `gapgsturf turf hdlf hd kfhg dk `rctdrcg vfkgrftc vfkgrftcvg vg fsuachg pgr mudstrg mudstrg `ghci `ghcic`fhgr c`fhgr qud `gcm`chd `gm kfs gpcmcgmds kdocskftcvfs hd orfm pfrtd hdk Hdrd`bg ^dmfk `gapfrfhg (ut cmirf). ^gr kg hdaæs, sd hdjd cmhc`fr qud kf kdocskf`cðm dxtrfmldrf tcdmhd f suprcacr kf icourf hd pfrrc`chcg `gag hdkctg futðmgag, tfk `gag su`dhd dm dk `ðhcog pdmfk dspfögk y irfm`ãs, rdspd`tcvfadmtd. Pcm dajfrog, kf futgmgaáf hdk fsdscmftg `gag hdkctg cmhdpdmhcdmtd mg rdsuktf afygradmtd fid`tfhf pgr kf prdvfkd`cdmtd `grrcdmtd hd hds`rcacmfkczf`cðm, fum `ufmhg ds prd`csg bf`dr mgtfr kf tdmhdm`cf f rdhu`cr dk `ftækgog hd sus `cr`umstfm`cfs f um müadrg aæs dkdadmtfk, pdrg qud ? @ir. 2

IDCLGG PFM@BD\, JDZMFZHG, rdtrcju`cðm y prdvdm`cðm odmdrfk, J hd I, Judmgs Fcrds, :>>?, ^^ xxcc y xxvcc.  @ri. @FZJGMDKKC AFXDT/ OGM\FKD\ @TPPF@, dm `gadmtfrcgs fk `ðhcog pdmfk hd 6334, `ct., X.C, p. ?06.

 

vfkgrftcvfadmtd, hdshd dk pumtg hd vcstf luráhc`g y sg`cfk, kgord gjtdmdr afygr  f`udrhg y `gmsdmsg rdspd`tg f su dxcstdm`cf.

@F^CXTKG C< ^FZZC@CHCG C.

FMXD@DHDMXDP<

Dk frtá`ukg 6>?¾ hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk f`tufk rdocstrf `gag fmtd`dhdmtd hcrd`tg dk frtá`ukg 646¾ hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk hd 63:8, jfsfhg f su vdz dm dk frtá`ukg 6:8¾ hdk ^rgyd`tg hd 6369. Dk pfrrc`chcg `gag icourf hdkc`tcvf cmhdpdmhcdmtdadmtd, tfajcãm sd dm`gmtrfjf rdoukfhg dm dk frtá`ukg :06¾ hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk hd 6290. Dm dk ^rd`dptg ^rd`dpt g hd 63:8 sd sfm`cgmf dk hfr audrtd fk `ðmyuod `ðmyuod,, fk pfhrd g f kf afhrd, y dm dk prd`dptg hd 6290 fk pfrrc`chcg caprgpcg, qucdm sd `frf`tdrczf dm `fusfr kf audrtd fk hds`dmhcdmtd dm kámdf rd`tf, fk bdrafmg fk `ðmyuod y fk bclg fhgptcvg. Dk @ðhcog ^dmfk f`tufk rdspd`tg f su prdhd`dsgr dm kf rdoukf`cðm hd kf icourf, prdsdmtf cmmgvf`cgmds, `uyf mgtf dm `gaüm ds kf dxtdmscðm hdsadsurfhf hd kgs suldtgs pfscvgs g vá`tcafs.  Fsá acdmtrfs dk @ðhcog ^dmfk hd 63:8, rdstrcmoáf dk hdkctg fk f`tg hd prghu`cr kf audrtd hdk fs`dmhcdmtd g hds`dmhdmtd hds`dmhdmtd g `ðmyuod, dk `ðhcog vcodmtd caprcad f kf icourf hdk pfrrc`chcg kf pumc`cðm fhc`cgmfk hd kf audrtd hdk `gm`ujcmg, fhdaæs hd f`kfrfr kf huhf cmtdrprdtftcvf dxcstdmtd dm kf rdoukf`cðm fmtdrcgr, rdspd`tg f kf cm`grpgrf`cðm hd kf fhgp`cðm `gag `cr`umstfm`cf hdk pfrrc`chcg 3. Kf kdocskf`cðm f`tufk rdsudkvd dk prgjkdaf hd aghg ficraftcvg, rdicrcãmhgsd dxprdsfadmtd fk fs`dmhcdmtd g hds`dmhdmtd fhgptcvg, `gag pgscjkd suldtg pfscvg hd kf icourf hdk pfrrc`chcg. Pc jcdm pg`g pudhd `rctc`ærsdkd fk kdocskfhgr sgjrd kf cm`grpgrf`cðm hd kf fhgp`cðm `gag `fusf hdk pfrrc`chcg, mg ds pgscjkd sdoucr um hdrrgtdrg sdadlfmtd `ufmhg sd fmfkczf fmfkcz f kf cm` cm`grpgrf`c grpgrf`cðm ðm hdk ``gm`ujcm gm`ujcmc`chc c`chcg g dm kf icourf icourf suj dxfacmd, dxfacmd, dk `ufk mg pudhd sdr vfkgrfhg `gm dk acsag rfsdrg hdk aftrcagmcg. Kf umcðm `gm`ujcmfk (Frt. 3

 Ychd ZGS IZDSZD, Hdrd`bg pdmfk pdrufmg. ^frtd dspd`cfk, `ct., X.C, p. 662, qucdm kg hds`frtfjf hd curd `gmhcg. Dm `gmtrf hdk pfrd`dr okgsfhg, ^FZDHDP YFZOFP, @ãsfr, ;dk pfrdmtds`g fhgpvg dm dk `ðhcog pdmfk pdrufmg=, M¾ 0, Kcaf, 632?, p. 003.

 

029¾ @@.), aæs qud dmodmhrfr um vám`ukg dstfjkd, `gm aüktcpkds y pdrdmmds did`tgs, grcocmf dm dk adlgr hd kgs `fsgs umf sg`cdhfh hd jcdmds suldtf fk rãocadm hd Pg`cdhfh hd Ofmfm`cfkds. Dk kdocskfhgr pdmfk hdk 36, hdsjgrhfmhg dk `grrd`tg afrodm qud cmspcrg f kf @gmstctu`cðm hd 63?3, rdoukfhgrf hd kfs umcgmds hd bd`bg, dqucpfrf hd afmdrf cmiumhfhf dk `gm`ujcmftg `gm dk aftrcagmcg `cvck `gag sc iudrfm cmstctu`cgmds hd chãmtc`g vfkgr. Dm rdfkchfh mg hdlfm hd sdr, tfmtg hdshd dk prcsaf luráhc`g sg`cfk y hgoaætc`g ‐  luráhc`g, cmstctutgs qud odmdrfm hdjdrds hcidrdmtds. Zdsuktf suafadmtd `gmtrfhc`tgrcg, dm tghg `fsg, qud kf kdy pdmfk jrcmhd umf sfm`cðm aæs sdvdrf f kgs `gm`ujcmc`chcgs y hdld hd kfhg, prcvæmhgkd hd um kðoc`g rd`gmg`cacdmtg dm dk pfrrc`chcg fk aftrcagmcg rdkcocgsg. Jflg dstd `gm`dptg, mudstrg `ghcic`fhgr pudhd sdr tckhfhg hd kdocs kdocskfhgr kfhgr pfr`cfkc pfr`cfkczfhg, zfhg, hfhg qud ümc`fa ümc`fadmtd dmtd ds sdmscj sdmscjkd kd hd kg qud qucdrd vdr. Mudstr Mud strg g kdo kdocsk cskfhg fhgrr pdmfk, pdmfk, `rdy `rdydmh dmhg g quc quczæs zæs qud dm kfs cmm cmmgvf` gvf`cgm cgmds ds rds rdschd chd dk prcm pr cm`c `cpf pfkk aãrct aãrctg g hd um `ð `ðhc hcog og,, hdl hdlg g hd fm fmfk fkcz czfr fr kf ir irgmh gmhgsf gsf y `f `fsc sc um umæm æmca cad d  lurcspruhdm`cf sgjrd dk pfrrc`chcg, pfrtc`ukfradmtd dm kf aghfkchfh hd `gmyuoc`chcg, dm kf qud sd dstfjkd`d `gag ümc`g adhcg prgjftgrcg fhactchg f kfs rdspd`tcvfs pfrtchfs hd aftrcagmcg6>. Dkkg bf`d mgtfr kf rcochdz d cmikdxcjckchfh, fhdaæs hd kf `fscc sf` `fs sf`rfad rfadmtf mtfkk igrafk igrafkchf chfh h hd mud mudstr strf f lur lurcsp cspruhd ruhdm`c m`cf f dm kg qud f f`t f`tcvc cvchfh hfh prgjftgrcf sd rdicdrd, y qud umf vdz trfskfhfhf hc`bf præ`tc`f fk `gm`ujcmc`chcg mg audstrf scmg um rfsdrg hciá`ck hd pfsfr pgr kfs umcgmds hd bd`bg. Pc mudstrf  luhc`fturf ds tfm igrafkcstf dm kf p prudjf rudjf hd kgs uxgrc`chcgs, dm kf qud sd dxcod um f`tf aftrcagmcfk, mg `gaprdmhdags `gag sd ftdmufrf hc`bf igrafkchfh dm, kgs `gm`ujcmc`chcgs dm kgs qud lustfadmtd prcaf kf cmigrafkchfh y mg dxcstd, pgr kg odmdrfk, mcmoüm hg`uadmtg ds`rctg. Mg `dmsurfags fk pfrrc`chcg `gag tcpg futðmgag, scmg qud hcs`rdpfags tfm sgkg hd su hdsadsurfhf dxtdmscðm qud mg bf`d aæs qud rdikdlfr um `fsucsag orftuctg, tfm rdprgjfjkd dm kf tã`mc`f kdocskftcvf aghdrmf. Kf pdgr `rátc`f qud pudhf vdrtdrsd fk tdxtg kdofk hd pfrrc`chcg rd`fd dm kf cm`grpgrf`cðm hdk `gm`ujcmftg `gag 6>

 Ychd BTZXFHG ^G\G, afmufk hd hdrd`bg pdmfk. ^frtd dspd`cfk. Bgac`chcg, `ct., p. 30.

 

aghfkchfh hd kf icourf5 bd`bg qud jcdm pghráf adrd`dr afygr pdmfkchfh `gm kf sgkf rdacscðm f umf forfvfmtd odmãrc`f prdsdmtd dm kf pfrtd odmdrfk hdk `ðhcog.  

HDKCACXF@CÐM HD KGP HDKCXGP

Dk frtá`ukg 6>?¾ hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk hds`rcjd kgs hdkctgs hd pfrrc`chcg dm um sdmtchg fapk fa pkcg cg,, od odmd mdrf rfkk qu qud d cm cm`k `kuy uyd d tf tfmt mtg g fk pf pfrr rrc`c c`chc hcg g prgpc prgpcfa fadm dmtd td hc`b hc`bg g `g `gag ag fk aftrc`chcg, ickc`chcg, uxgrc`chcg, `gmyuoc`chcg, bgac`chcg dm forfvcg hd dx `ðmyuod, bgac`chcg dm forfvcg hdk `gm`ujcmg, bgac`chcg dm forfvcg hd dx `gm`ujcmg y kg qud sd bf hfhg dm kkfafr rd`cdmtdadmtd ‛IDACMC@CHCG‑. Dm sd sdmt mtch chg g rds rdstr trcm cmoc ochg, hg, pfr pfrrc rc`c `chc hcg g ds dk bg bgac ac`c `chc hcg g `g `gad adtctchg hg dm forfv forfvcg cg hd hdkk fs`dmhcdmtd fs`dmh cdmtd afs`ukcmg cmadhcf cmadhcftg5 tg5 dstg ds dk pfhrd mfturf mfturfkk fhgptc fhgptcvg. vg. Dk aftrc` aftrc`chcg chcg dm `fajcg dstæ rdidrchg f kf afhrd hd qucdm `gadtd dk bgac`chcg. Dk ickc`chcg pgr su pfrtd, vcdmd f sdr dk bgac`chcg pdrpdtrfhg pgr dk pfhrd g kf afhrd dm forfvcg hd su bclg mfturfk g fhgptcvg. Kf `fkchfh `gmsfmouámdf y dk vám`ukg pgr fhgp`cðm sgm prdsupudstgs dm dk pfrrc`chcg prgpcfadmtd hc`bg, dk aftrc`chcg y dk ickc`chcg. Kf hcidrdm hcidrdm`cf `cf dstæ dm dk uxgrc uxgrc`ch `chcg cg y dk `gmy `gmyuoc` uoc`chc chcg g pgr pgrqud qud dm dstgs dstgs hdkctgs hdkctgs sgkg dxcstd dxcst d `gag supudstg prdvcg dk vám`uk vám`ukg g kdofk hdtdra hdtdracmfhg cmfhg pgr dk aftrcagmcg aftrcagmcg `cvck vfkchg vfkch g fumqud dk putftcvg tfajcãm prghu`d did`tg did`tgss `cvck `cvckds ds sc sd `gmtrflg hd judmf id. Kf `gmschdrf`cðm `gmschdrf`cðm hd dstd üktcag üktcag tcpg hd aftrcagmc aftrcagmcg g tcdmd sdmtchg tghf vdz qud dk @ð @ðhc hcog og ^dmf ^dmfkk sujs sujsua uad d dm kf icou icourf rf hd pfrr pfrrc` c`ch chcg cg f kgs kgs `gm` `gm`uj ujcm cmgs gs.. Kf `gmvcvdm`cf bf bd`bg sdmtcr su pdsg f kf sg`cdhfh `cvck. Dk mudvg tdxtg pdmfk sustfmtcvg kf bf rd`gmg`chg pgr gjldtg hd prgtd``cðm dm kgs hdkctgs hd pfrrc`chcg hds`rctg dm dk frtá`ukg 6>?¾, f hcidrdm`cf hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk hdrgofhg hd 63:8. Kf cm`kuscðm hdk ‛IDACMC@CHCG‑ pgmdm dmtrd hc`bg kf aghfkchfh hdk uxgrc`chcg, qud ds pgr hdicmc`cðm hgoaætc`f dk bgac`chcg `gadtchg pgr dk dspgsg dm forfvcg hd kf dspgsf, y tfajcãm bfstf `cdrtg pumtg fk bgac`chcg dm forfvcg hdk `gm`ujcmg auldr. Tmf vdz aæs sd fprd`cf qud kf pgkátc`f gpdrf f afmdrf hd umf vfrcfjkd hd trfmsigraf`cðm rdspd`tg fk hdrd`bg. Ds hd hdstf`frsd kf gacscðm hd kgs bdrafmgs `gag suldtg hd kgs hdkctgs hd pfrrc`chcg hds`rctgs dm dk frtá`ukg 6>?¾ hd @ðhcog ^dmfk vcodmtd, `udstcðm pgr 

 

hdaæs hcs`utcjkd y sus`dptcjkd hd sgku`cðm. Ikgrdm`cg ACRFM AFPP, dm su tdscs pfrf gptfr dk orfhg hd jf`bckkdr dm hdrd`bg iud qucdm prd`csfadmtd prgpusg kf dxtdmscðm hd kf `fkchfh hd suldtgs pfscvgs g f`tcvgs dm kgs hdkctgs hd pfrrc`chcg f kgs bdrafmgs5 dstg ds, `gaprdmhdr f dstgs hdmtrg hd kgs hdkctgs hd pfrrc`chcg tcpcic`fhgs dm dk tdxtg pdmfk sustfmtcvg, jflg dk tdmgr scoucdmtd< ‛sd capgmhræ pdmf hd audrtd fk qud, f sfjcdmhfs, aftfrd f su fs`dmhcdmtd, hds`dmhdmtd, bdrafmg g `ðmyuod…‑66 Kf ag aghc hcicic`f `f`c `cðm ðm pr prgp gpud udst stf f pg pgrr AC ACRF RFM M AFPP AFPP mg gj gjst stfm fmtd td dm dm`g `gmt mtrf rfjf jf su fmtd`dhdmtd kdocskftcvg dm dk frtá`ukg :00¾ hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk hdrgofhg hd 6290, dm dk `ufk sd `fstco `fstcofjf fjf `gm pdmct pdmctdm`cfr dm`cfrcf cf fk qud f sfjcdm sfjcdmhfs hfs aftfjf f `ufkqu `ufkqucdrf cdrf hd sus fs`dmhcdmtds qud mg iudsd pfhrd g afhrd, f su hds`dmhcdmtd dm kámdf rd`tf, f su bdrafmg, f su pfhrd, afhrd g bclgs fhgptcvgs g f su `ðmyuod. @fjd fordofr  qud kf pdmf hd audrtd `gmschdrfjf `gag pdmfkchfh pgr ACRFM iud dstfjkd`chf pgr dk Hd`rdtg Kdy 6>3?9 y hdrgofhf pfrf kgs hdkctgs hd pfrrc`chcg pgr dk Hd`rdtg Kdy 623926:.

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Tmg hd kgs `ráa `ráadmds dmds aæs fjga fjgacmf cmfjkd jkdss qud dxcst dxcstdm dm dm mud mudstr strg g grhd grhdmfa mfacdm cdmtg tg  luráhc`g ds dk pfrrc`chcg. Kf kdocskf`cðm sustfmtcvf mg bf bd`bg scmg rd`godr kf rdfk rdfkcchfh hd dsd hdk dkcctg qud hdshd tcdapgs cmadagrc rcf fkds bf afr fr``fhg prgiumhfadmtd dk dspárctu buafmg. F trfvãs hdk frtá`ukg 6>?¾ hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk 66 Kf

tdscs hd orfhg hd Ikgrdm`cg ACRFM AFPP, rd`gmg`chg futgr d cmvdsofhgr dm dk `fapg hdk hdrd`bg prg`dsfk pdmfk, tukfhf ‛Puprdscðm hd kf hufkchfh pdmfk hdk fr`ukg 640 y aghc`f`cðm hd fr`ukg 646 hd @^‑, mg iud hdsfrrgkkfhf pgstdrcgradmtd, mc `rcstfkczfhf dm prgyd`tgs hd kdy, mc au`bg admgs dm kdocskf`cðm did`vf, fk pumtg qud pfrf mds hdk scokg RR, dm kfs umcvdrschfhds hdk ^drü tghfváf sd prdsdmtfjfm prgyd`tgs hd cmvdsof`cðm f mcvdk hd afdstráf, `gm kf prgpudstf hd kf rdidrchf cm`kuscðm hd kgs bgac`chcgs dmtrd bdrafmgs `gag umf aghfkchfh hdk pfrrc`chcg hds`rctg dm dk fr`ukg fr`u kg 6>? hdk @^ vcodmtd. vcodmtd. Hdshd dk fög hd 6390 id`bf hd fprgjf`cðm fprgjf`cðm hd kf adm`c adm`cgmfhf gmfhf tdscs umcvdrsctfrcf, umcvdrsctfrcf, bfstf kf id`bf kf prdg`upf`cðm fk rdspd`tg hd `ufmtgs bgajrds y auldrds hd kdyds, fsá `gag hd sdsuhgs cmvdsofhgrds hd `ftdhrf, mg dm`udmtrfm d`g dm dk fpfrftg kdocskfvg. Kf hdsftdm`cðm g`cfk hd kfs futgrchfhds kdocskfvfs bf`cf tfk cmqucdtuh cmvdsofvf dm tfmtf qud ükafadmtd `cdrtgs dstuhcfmtds hd pgstorfhg bfm rdmum`cfhg f sus prgyd`tgs hd cmvdsof`cðm grcocmfrcgs, rddapkfzfmhg dk tdaf hd bgac`chcgs dmtrd bdrafmgs pgr gtrgs mg tfm prgjkdaæ`gs g aæs rdkdvf rdkdvfmtd mtdss dm kg `cdm `cdm` `g, g, dm dk `gmtdx `gmtdxtg tg hd umf f`tufkchf f`tufkchfh h qud dmd `gag fod fodmhf mhf hd tðp tðpc`g c`gss hd dstuhc dstuhcg g d cmvdsof`cð cmvds of`cðm m kf hc`tfh hc`tfhff hdsh0 hdsh0d d fmou fmouff adtrðpgkcs adtrðpgkcs g hdshd rdidrdm rdidrdmtds tds durgp durgpdgs dgs dapfpfhgs hd umf prdacfjkd igraf`cðm kgsgf mg dxdmtf hd dx`dsgs y `gmtrfhc``cgmds. Dm dsd sdmhg, kf tdscs hd orfhg hdk prgidsgr ACRFM AFPP sd `gmstuyd dm umf dspd`cd ümc`f dm su oãmdrg, y kf Tmcvdrschfh Mf`cgmfk d Xrulckkg dmd dk aãrctg hd `gjclfr hdmtrg hd su sdmg f kf adm`cgmfhf tdscs. 6:  Dm kf f`tufkchfh, dk tdxtg pdmfk sustfmvg `gaprdmhd dk pfrdmtds`g sfmouámdg dm kámdf rd`tf y dk vám`ukg kdofk, dk vám`ukg vcodmtd g pfsfhg hdk aftrcagmcg y dk dstfhg vcodmtd g pfsfhg hd `gmvcvdm`cf, `gm dk `ufk dk bgac`chcg hgkgsg dm forfvcg hd bdrafmgs qudhf f kg suag cmadrsg hdmtrg hd kfs aghfkchfhds hd fsdscmftg.

 

pdrufmg pdru fmg sd hds`rcj hds`rcjdm dm kgs hdk hdkctg ctgss hd pfrr pfrrc`c c`chcg hcg prgpcfa prgpcfadmt dmtd d hc` hc`bg, bg, aft aftrc`c rc`chcg hcg,, ickc`c ickc`chcg hcg,, `gm `gmyuo yuoc`c c`chcg hcg,, uxgrc` uxgrc`chc chcg, g, `gm dk föf föfhch hchg g hdk bga bgac`c c`chcg hcg dm forfvcg forfvcg hdk `gm`ujcmg. Fscacsag, kgs hdkctgs dm adm`cðm sgm rdprcachgs `gm pdmf prcvftcvf hd kcjdrtfh mg admgr hd qucm`d fögs. Dm vdrscðm aghcic`ftgrcf rd`cdmtd, adhcfmtd Kdy :3263 pujkc`fhf dm dk hcfrcg gic`cfk ‛Dk ^drufmg‑ dk :? hd hc`cdajrd hd :>66, sd bf föfhchg `gag aghfkchfh dk hdmgacmfhg ‛IDACMC@CHCG‑ qud mgraftcvfadmtd sd prdsdmtf `ufmhg kf vá`tcaf hdk hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg ds g bf schg kf `ðmyuod g kf `gmvcvcdmtd hdk futgr g dstuvg kcofhf fk acsag pgr umf rdkf`cðm fmækgof. ^gr su pfrtd, dk frtá`ukg 6>3¾ hdk acsag `udrpg hd kdyds dstfjkd`d umf ftdmufmtd rdidrchf f `cr`umstfm`cfs hd dag`cðm vcgkdmtf, kg `ufk f`frrdf umf pdmf mg admgr hd `cm`g mc afygr hd hcdz fögs pfrf dk pfrrc`chf. Zdsuktf iæ`ck vdr qud dk tdxtg sustfmtcvg sd cm`kcm cm` kcmf f hds hdshd hd um prcadr prcadr agadmt agadmtg g pgr rdpr rdprcac cacrr fk suld suldtg tg f`tcvg f`tcvg hdk pfr pfrrc`c rc`chcg hcg,, `gmsc `g mschd hdræm ræmhg hgkg kg pd pdmf mfka kadm dmtd td rds rdspgm pgmsf sfjk jkd, d, scdm scdmhg hg fpk fpkc` c`fj fjkd kd dk pr prcm cm`c `cpc pcg g hd `ukpfjckchfh. Pcm dajfrog dm kf præ`tc`f hd kf rdfkchfh sg`cfk kgs hdkctgs hd pfrrc`chcg sgm `gadtchgs dm `cdrtgs `fsgs pgr cmcaputfjkds qud suirdm hd orfvd fktdrf` fktdrf`cðm cðm hd kf `gm `gm`cd `cdm`c m`cf f g fmg fmgafk afkáf áf psáquc psáquc`f `f qud fid fid`td `tdm m orfv orfvdad dadmtd mtd su `gm`d `g m`dpt ptg g hd kf rdf rdfkckchf hfh, h, tg tgrm rmæm æmhg hgkg kgss cm cm`fp `fpf`d f`dss hd `g `gap aprd rdmhd mhdrr dk `fr `fræ` æ`td tdr  r  hdkc`tugsg hdkc`t ugsg hd su f`t f`tg. g. Dstg ükt üktcag cag pudh pudhd d `gmkkd `gmkkdvfr vfr kf fpkc` fpkc`f`cðm f`cðm hd kkfs fs adhch adhchfs fs hd sdourchfh. Dk frtá`ukg 6>?¾ hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk dxcod fk futgr umf hdtdracmfhf vcm`ukf`cðm sujldtcvf `gm kf irfsd ‛f sfjcdmhfs‑ pfrf dk pdrid``cgmfacdmtg luráhc`g hd kf icourf. Xcdmd qud bfjdr umf ccmtdm`cðm mtdm`cðm y `gmsd`udm`cf hd kf `gmsuaf`cðm hd kgs hdkctgs hd pfrrc`chcg pfrf qud dstgs sd `gmicourdm `gm umf pdmf prcvftcvf hd kcjdrtfh kcjdrt fh mg admgr hd qucm`d fög fögss g `gm kf ftdmufmt ftdmufmtd d fmtdrcgra fmtdrcgradmtd dmtd rdidr rdidrchf. chf. Dk tdxtg sustfmtcvg sd hcrcod pgr kg odmdrfk f kgs rdspgmsfjkds pdmfkadmtd5 dstg ds, f qucdmds sc sd kds pudhd fpkc`fr dk prcm`cpcg hd `ukpfjckchfh. ^gr kg tfmtg, kfs adhchfs h sdourchfh dstæm rdidrchfs f kfs dx`dp`cgmds hdmtrg hd um afr`g okgjfk hd kdofkchfh.  Dk pfrrc`chcg dmtgm`ds ds rdprcachg, `gag rdokf odmdrfk, `gm pdmf prcvftcvf hd kcjdrtfh, scm hds`frtfr kfs adhchf hd sdourchfh, dspd`áic`fadmtd kf `gmscstdmtd dm kf cmtdrmf`cðm, cmtdrmf`cðm, pgr trftfr trftfrsd sd hd um hdkctg orfvd qud rdvdkf afygr pdkcorgs pdkcorgschfh chfh dm dk suld su ldtg tg f`tc f`tcvg vg pg pgrq rqud ud `g `gm m kf rd rdfk fkcz czf` f`cð cðm m hd hdkk ac acsa sag g sd vukm vukmdr drfm fm pr prcm cm`c `cpc pcgs gs y

 

sdmtcacdmtgs iumhfadmtfkds `gag sgm dk rdspdtg y kf `gmschdrf`cðm f kgs pfrcdmtds aæs prðxcags fk frrdjftærsdkds mfhf admgs qud kf vchf. Kf pdmfkchfh hdk frtá`ukg 6>?¾ dm`udmtrf su iumhfadmtg dm kf prgtd``cðm hd kf vchf hdmtrg hdk mü`kdg ifackcfr, hdk aftrcagmcg y kf `gmvcvdm`cf `gag kgs pckfrds jæsc`gs hd kf sg`cdhfh, pgr kg qud dstfags fmtd kf prdsdm`cf hd umg hd kgs hdkctgs aæs orfvds, qud dm`udmtrfm su rdagtg jfsfadmtg dm kgs fkjgrds acsags hd kf `gdxcstdm`cf hd kgs prcadrgs orupgs buafmgs dm kf bcstgrcf hd kf dspd`cd sgjrd kf ifz hd kf tcdrrf.

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@ufmhg kgs bd`bgs prdvcstgs `gag hdkctgs sgm kgs tcpcic`fhgs dm dk frtá`ukg 6>?¾ hdk @^5 dstg ds, kgs hdkctgs hd pfrrc`chcg, `gjrf vcodm`cf kf hcs`uscðm sgjrd kfs adhchfs hd sdourchfh qud sd pudhdm fpkc`fr f qucdmds `gadmtdm sgjrd tghg kgs hdkckctg hd tgss hd pf pfrr rrc` c`ch chcg cg pr prgp gpcf cfad admt mtd d hc`b hc`bg, g, af aftr trc` c`ch chcg cg y ickc ickc`c `chc hcg g pg pgrq rqud ud dk dstfjkd`cacdmtg hd kf cmtdrmf`cðm pfrf trftfacdmtg pscqucætrc`g hd kgs pfrrc`chfs mg pfrd`d `gmvdmcdmtd dm dk afr`g hd umf dstcaf`cðm sg`cfk, pgr tdmdr kfs adhchfs hd sdourchfh umf icmfkchfh icmfkchfh prdvdmt prdvdmtcvf cvf y mg rdprdscvf. Kf sg`cdhfh `cvc `cvckk hdafmhf pfrf kgs suldtgs f`tcvgs hd kgs hdkctgs hd pfrrc`chcg dk `fstcog dldapkfr5 ds hd`cr, kf fpkc`f`cðm hd kf pdmf prcvftcvf hd kkcjdrtfh cjdrtfh sdöfkfhf dm kf mgraf. Pcm da dajfrog, jfrog, kf rdfkchfh `fsuástc`f hdaudstrf qud bfy ftdmufmtds qud `gmschdrfr y `cr`umstfm`cfs dxcadmtds pgr f`dptfr. Fhdaæs, mg sd hdjd `gm`djcr f kfs adhchfs hd sdourchfh `gag umf sfkchf g ds`fpd hd kf capgsc`cðm hd kfs pdmfs prcvftcvfs hd kcjdrtfh, pgrqud ãstfs mg sgm adrfadmtd `fstcogs qud sd capgmd fk hdkcm`udmtd. Fk rdsp rdspd` d`tg tg,, Ku Kuccs Jr Jrfa fagm gmtt Fr Frcf cfss y Kucs ucs Jr Jrfa fagm gmtt ‐ Fr Frccfs Xg Xgrr rrds ds cmh mhc` c`fm fm hd mgvcdajrd hd 6339, kgs hdkctgs hd pfrrc`c hdkctgs pfrrc`chcg hcg sd trfact trfactfm fm dm kf váf grhcmfr grhcmfrcf, cf, lumtg `gm umf sdrcd hd hdkct hdkctgs, gs, cm`kuchg dk hd fsdscmftg y dk hd træic`g cká`ctg hd hrgofs. Kf kdy dm adm`cðm dm su hcspgsc`cðm hcspgs c`cðm trfmsct trfmsctgrcf grcf ümc`f dstfjkd`d qud dm kgs prg`dsgs pdmfkds dm træac træactd td dm kgs luzofhgs pdmfkds sd fhd`ufræm f kfs hcspgsc`cgmds hd kf kdy, acdmtrfs kgs prg`dsgs qud sd bfm vdmchg trfactfmhg pgr kf váf grhcmfrcf y sd dm`udmtrfm `gm cmigrad hdk ludz pdmfk, `gmtcmufræm su sãquctg bfstf `gm`kucr. Dmtgm`ds, ds dm kfs Pfkfs Pfk fs ^dm ^dmfkd fkdss hgm hgmhd hd pghdag pghdagss fprd fprd`cf `cfrr dk hds hdsdmv dmvgkv gkvcac cacdmt dmtg g hd kgs prg prg`dsg `dsgss sgjrd pfrrc`chcg, y dm tfk `gmtdxtg dk hdsdmkf`d dm `ufmtg kf capgsc`cðm hd kf pdmf 60 JZFAGMX 68

FZCFP, Kucs y JZFAGMX FZCFP ‐ XGZZDP, Kucs. Gp. @ct. ^. 24.  Cjchda. p :93

 

prcvftcvf hd kcjdrtfh g hd kfs adhchfs hd sdourchfh dm kf sdmtdm`cf, dm dk `fsg hd `gmhdmf. ^gr ük üktctcag ag,, dk ds ds`f `fsg sg müa müadr drg g hd pr prg` g`dsg dsgss lu luhc hc`c `cfkd fkdss cm cmst stfur furfh fhgs gs sgjrd sgjrd kf kfss aüktcpkds igrafs hdkc`tufkds hdk pfrrc`chcg, `gmtdmchfs dm dk frt. 6>?¾ hdk @^, tcdmd cmmdofjkds y dstrd`bf rdkf`cðm `gm kf prgpcf dxtcm`cðm hd kgs futgrds hd kgs hdkctgs hd pfrrc` pfrrc`chcg, chcg, fk suc`ch suc`chfrsd frsd ãstgs üktca üktcags gs cmadhc cmadhcftfad ftfadmtd mtd hdspuãs hd `gadt `gadtdr dr kgs rdspd`tcvgs bgac`chcgs `fkcic`fhgs. Pgjrd dstg, ds hd hdstf`frsd kgs qud fmgtf  Fkdlfmhrg Pgkás Dspcmgzf< ‛…dm kfs vfrcfmtds hd hdprdscðm hdkcrfmtd (chdfs hd `ukp `u kpf, f, cm cmid idkckc`c `chf hfh, h, rucm rucmf), f), qud kkkkdv dvfm fm fk suld suldtg tg f `gm `gmsc schdr hdrfr fr cmsgp cmsgpgrt grtfj fjkd kd su dxcstdm`cf y au`bfs vd`ds kf hd sus sdrds qudrchgs aæs `dr`fmgs (bclgs, pfhrds, bdrafmgs, `ðmyuod), pudhdm `gmhu`crkgs f igrafs hd bgac`chcg pgr ‛pcdhfh‑, odmdrfkadmtd sdouchf hd suc`chcg. Bdsmfrh mgs hc`d qud ds um `rcadm auy   pfrtc`ukfr, cmspcrfhg pgr dk hdsdg jcdm cmtdm`cgmfhg hd dvctfr f um sdr qudrchg kf fmoustcf y kgs suircacdmtgs dxpdrcadmtfhgs pgr dk prgpcg suldtg. Dk dmidrag dm `cdrtg sdmtchg ‛suc`chf‑ f su bclg g f gtrg sdr fafhg, pgr um fktrucsag crrdfk y  ifmt ifmtæs æstctc`g `g,, qu qud d fkou fkoumg mgss pscq pscquc ucft ftrf rfss hdmg hdmgac acmf mfm m ‛suc ‛suc`c `chc hcg g cmhc cmhcrd rd`t `tg‑ g‑.. Pg Pgm m rdkftcvfadmtd ird`udmtds kgs `fsgs hd sfmord `gadtchgs pgr hdprdscvgs psc`ðtc`gs dm mudstrg adhcg‑ 64. ^gr aæs qud `cdrtgs pfrrc`chfs bfyfm fhgkd`chg g pfhd`chg hd um trfstgrmg admtfk orfvd qud kds grcocmð kf ifktf hd kf if`uktfh hd `gaprdmscðm hdk `fræ`tdr hdkc`tugsg hd su f`tg g kf ifktf hd kf if`uktfh pfrf hdtdrac hdtdracmfrsd mfrsd sdoüm dsf `gaprd `gaprdmscðm, mscðm, mg sd kds pudhd fpkc`fr kf adhchf hd sdourchfh `gmscstdmtd dm kf cmtdrmf`cðm, sc sd aftfrgm hdspuãs hd `gadtdr dk pfrrc`chcg prgpcfadmtd hc`bg, dk aftrc`chcg g dk ickc`chcg, pgr dldapkg, pgrqud sdm`ckkfadmtd mg sd pudhdm fpkc`fr adhchfs hd sdourchfh f ifkkd`chgs. Dstg f su vdz trfd `gmscog, dm prcadr kuofr, qud kgs futgrds hd kgs hdkctgs hd pfrrc`chcg qud hdjáfm sdr prg`dsfhgs y sdmtdm`cfhgs pgr dstfr yf audrtgs, y, dm sdoumhg kuofr, qud kgs `fsgs qud fadrctfjfm kf capgsc`cðm hd

64

 PGKCP DP^CMG\F, Fkdlfmhrg. ‛@rcacmgkgoáf< ^fmgrfaf @gmtdapgræmdg‑.

 

adhchfs hd sdourchfh mg dmtrdm dm kfs dstfhástc`fs f dmorgsfr kfs `cirfs qud pudhfm hfr tdstcagmcg hdk scstdaf hufkcstf ikdxcjkd hd sfm`cgmds 69.

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FMFKCPCP HD HDK H HD DKCXG< 6. ^FZ FZZC ZC@C @CHC HCG G 6.6.

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Dvgku`cðm hdk tcpg< ^frrc`chcg  Frtá`ukg 6>?.- Dk qud, f sfjcdmhfs, aftf f su fs`dmhcdmtd, hds`dmhcdmtd, mfturfk g fhgptcvg, g f su `ðmyuod g `gm`ujcmg, sdræ rdprcachg `gm pdmf prcvftcvf hd kcjdrtfh mg admgr hd qucm`d fögs. (*) (*) Frtá`ukg aghcic`fhg pgr dk Frtá`ukg Ümc`g hd kf Kdy M¼ :3263, pujkc`fhf dk :?  hc`cdajrd :>66, dm kgs tãracmgs scoucdmtds<  Frtá`ukg 6>?. ^frrc`chcg / Idacmc`chcg ‛Dk qud, f sfjcdmhfs, aftf f su fs`dmhcdmtd, hds`dmhcdmtd, mfturfk g fhgptcvg, g f qucdm ds g bf schg su `ðmyuod, su `gmvcvcdmtd, g `gm qucdm dstã sgstdmcdmhg g bfyf sgstdmchg umf rdkf`cðm fmækgof sdræ rdprcachg `gm pdmf prcvftcvf hd kcjdrtfh mg admgr hd qucm`d fögs‑. Kf pdmf prcvftcvf hd kcjdrtfh sdræ mg admgr hd vdcmtc`cm`g fögs, `ufmhg `gm`urrfm `ufkqucdrf hd kfs `cr`umstfm`cfs forfvfmtds prdvcstfs dm kgs muadrfkds 6, :, 0 y 8 hdk frtá`ukg 6>2. Pc kf vá`tc vá`tcaf af hdk hdkctg hds`rctg ds g bf schg kf `ðmyuod g kf `gmvcv `gmvcvcdmtd cdmtd hdk futgr, g dstuvg kcofhf f ãk pgr umf rdkf`cðm fmækgof dk hdkctg tdmhræ dk mgajrd hd idacmc`chcg.‑(*)

69

 Pd dmdmhd qud kf capgsc`cðm hd kf adhchf hd sdourchfh `gmscstdmtd dm kf cmtdrmf`cðm hdjd rdspdtfr kf dxcodm`cf hd kgs if`tgrds `gm`urrdmtds, dstfjkd`chgs dm dk frt. ?:¾ y ?8¾ hdk @^ pdrufmg.

 

(*) Frtá`ukg aghcic`fhg pgr dk Frtá`ukg 6 hd kf Kdy M¼ 0>>92, pujkc`fhf dk 62 lukcg :>60, `uyg tdxtg ds dk scoucdmtd<

‛Frtá`ukg 6>?.- ^frrc`chcg Dk qud, f sfjcdmhfs, aftf f su fs`dmhcdmtd, hds`dmhcdmtd, mfturfk g fhgptcvg, g f umf pdrsgmf `gm qucdm sgstcdmd g bfyf sgstdmchg umf rdkf`cðm `gmyuofk g hd `gmvcvdm`cf, sdræ rdprcachg `gm pdmf prcvftcvf hd kcjdrtfh mg admgr hd qucm`d fögs. Kf pd pdmf mf pr prcv cvft ftcv cvff hd kc kcjd jdrt rtfh fh sd sdræ ræ mg ad admg mgrr hd vd vdcm cmtc tc`c `cm` m`g g fö fögs gs,, `ufmhg `gm`urrf `ufkqucdrf hd kfs `cr`umstfm`cfs forfvfmtds prdvcstfs dm kgs muadrfkds 6, :, 0 y 8 hdk frtá`ukg 6>2.‑ 6.:. 6.:.

XC^C C^C@C @CHF HFH H GJLDX JLDXCCYF

Dk pfrrc`chcg sd `gmicourf gjldtcvfadmtd `ufmhg dk fodmtd g suldtg f`tcvg hf audrtd f su fs`dmhcdmtd g hds`dmhdmtd, mfturfk g fhgptcvg, g f su `ðmyuod g `gm`ujcmg, `gm`ujc mg, sfjcdmhg auy jcdm qud tcdmd tfkds `ufkchf `ufkchfhds hds rdspd`tg hd su vá`tcaf. Dm gtrfs pfkfjrfs, dk pfrrc`chcg fpfrd`d g sd dvchdm`cf `ufmhg dk fodmtd `gm pkdmg `gmg`cacdmtg hd sus vám`ukgs `gmsfmouámdgs (pfhrd, bclg mfturfk, dt`.) g luráhc`g (bclg fhgptcvg, `ðmyuod g `gm`ujcmg) `gm su vá`tcaf, hgkgsfadmtd kd hf audrtd. Pcdmhg crrdkdvfmtd tápc`fadmtd kgs adhcgs y igrafs dapkdfhfs, afs sgkg tdmhræm capgrtfm`cf fk agadmtg hd cmhcvchufkczfr kf pdmf. Dm tfk sdmtchg sd bf prgmum`cfhg mudstrf Puprdaf @grtd dm kf Dld`utgrcf hdk >0 hd dmdrg hd 6334, fk dxpgmdr qud "kudog hd umf hcs`uscðm qud dk prg`dsfhg sgstuvg `gm su vá`tcaf dm su hgac`ckcg, kf fordhcð jrutfkadmtd bfstf quctfrkd kf vchf, bf`cdmhg kg prgpcg `gm su admgr bclg, f qucdm kg fsicxcg `gm um `grhðm fk jgrhd hdk `udkkg5 qud kudog hd vc`tcafr f kgs rdidrchgs rdidrc hgs forfvcfhgs, prg`dhc prg`dhcð ð f dmtdrrfrkgs, dmtdrrfrkgs, mg scm fmtds sd``cgm sd``cgmfr fr kgs ðrofmgs y dxtrda dxt rdach chfh fhds ds hd kf pr prca cadrf drf hd kf kfss vá`t vá`tca cafs fs fkuh fkuhch chfs fs55 qu qud, d, pg pgrr kf kfss rfz rfzgm gmds ds dxpudstfs, dk cká`ctg pdrpdtrfhg pgr dk f`usfhg rdidrchg sd dm`udmtrf cm`ursg dm dk  Frtá`ukg 6>? 6> ? hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk ( ... ), kf f`tctuh hd fsicxcfr f su admgr d cmhdidmsg bclg fsá `gag dk hds`ufrtczfacdmtg hd su dspgsf pgst agrtda, hdmgtfm orfm

 

pdkcorgschfh dm dk f`usfhg, rfzðm pgr kf `ufk kf pdmf f capgmdrsd hdjd orfhufrsd dm ftdm`cðm fk Frtá`ukg 89 hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk". Dk `gmg`cacdmtg hdk vám`ukg hd pfrdmtds`g `gmsfmouámdg g luráhc`g pgr pfrtd hdk suldtg f`tcvg rdspd`tg hdk suldtg pfscvg, `gmstctuyd um dkdadmtg iumhfadmtfk hd dstd hdkctg. Xfk `cr`umstfm`cf bf`d f kf `gmhu`tf hdkc`tcvf cmhdpdmhcdmtd, futðmgaf y hcidrdm`cfjkd hdk hdkctg hd bgac`chcg scapkd. Mg gjstfmtd, `cdrtf pfrtd capgrtfmtd hd kf hg`trcmf `gmschdrf qud sd trftf hd um hdkctg hdrcvfhg hdk bgac`chcg scapkd, d cm`kusg dm dk @ðhcog ^dmfk dspfögk hd 6334, dk kdocskfhgr bf suprcachg kf icourf hdkc`tcvf hdk pfrrc`chcg y dm fhdkfmtd kfs rdkf`cgmds hd pfrdmtds`g dmtrd fodmtd y Yá`tcaf `gmstctuydm forfvfmtd hdk bgac`chcg scapkd. Mg gjstfmtd, `gmschdrfags qud qu d dm mu muds dstr trg g sc scst stda daf f lu lurá ráhc hc`g `g pd pdmf mfkk sd lu lust stcicic` c`f f pk pkdm dmfa fadm dmtd td kf dxcs dxcstd tdm` m`cf cf cmhdpdmhcdmtd hd kf icourf hdk pfrrc`chcg pgr kfs dspd`cfkds `cr`umstfm`cfs qud `gmigrafm dk tcpg gjldtcvg y sujldtcvg5 dm `gmsd`udm`cf, dspdrfags qud mudstrg kdocskfhgr, auy prgpdmsg y sgká`ctg f `gpcfr kg qud bf`dm kgs dspfögkds, mg sd kd g`urrf suprcachg hd mudstrg `ðhcog sustfmtcvg. ^gr gtrg kfhg, dk bd`bg pumcjkd hd pfrrc`chcg, pgr kfs pd`ukcfrchfhds dspd`cfkds qud sd dvchdm`cf pfrf su pdrid``cgmfacdmtg, dxcod afygr pdmfkchfh pfrf dk fodmtd, dkkg hdjchg f qud dk pfrrc`chf tcdmd afygr `ukpfjckchfh fk mg rdspdtfr mc scqucdrf kf vchf hd sus pfrcdmtds mfturfkds g kdofkds, `gm qucdmds bf`d vchf dm `gaüm, dvchdm`cæmhgsd hd dsd aghg, qud dk fodmtd dstæ aæs prgpdmsg y sgká`ctg f ftf`fr  dm `ufkqucdr agadmtg f pdrsgmfs qud kd sgm dxtrföfs, hdagstrfmhg pdkcorgschfh pfrf dk `gmokgadrfhg sg`cfk. Dk dspfögk Acoudk Jflg Idrmæmhdz, sgstcdmd qud kf orfvdhfh hd kf icourf hdk pfrr pf rrc` c`ch chcg cg sd iumh iumhfa fadm dmtf tf dm kf af afyg ygrr `ukp `ukpfj fjckckch chfh fh hd hdkk fu futg tgrr pr prds dsua uach chf f gjld gj ldtc tcvf vfad admt mtd d f pf pfrt rtcr cr hd kf `g `ga apkc` pkc`f` f`cð cðm m pr prgi gium umhf hf hd kfs rd rdkf kf`c `cgm gmds ds cmtdrpd cmtdrpdrsgm rsgmfkd fkdss `gm f`uauk f`uaukf`cð f`cðm m hd tdm tdmscg scgmds mds hur hurfmt fmtd d kf `gm `gmvcv vcvdm` dm`cf cf hd kgs pfrcdmt pfrc dmtds. ds. Dm tfmtg tfmtg qud dk hdsf hdsfpfrd pfrd`ch `chg g Zfü Zfükk ^dö ^döf f @fj @fjrdrf rdrf,, ium iumhfa hfadmt dmtf f kf orfvdhfh hdk pfrrc`chcg dm dk bd`bg qud dk suldtg f`tcvg rdvdkf afygr pdkcorgschfh, pgrqud mg sgkg vcgkf y hdstruyd dk jcdm luráhc`g hd kf vchf tutdkfhf pgr kf kdy, scmg

 

qud vukmdrf prcm`cpcgs y sdmtcacdmtgs dkdadmtfkds `gag dk rdspdtg y f`ftfacdmtg f kgs pfrcdmtds aæs prðxcags, prgvg`fmhg umf scmoukfr fkfraf sg`cfk. ^gr su pfrtd Lgsã @fstckkg Fkvf, ficrafmhg qud mg fk`fmzf f vdr `ðag dk afygr  fid`tg g sdmtcacdmtg pudhd cm`chcr dm kf `ukpfjckchfh, `gm`kuyd qud scapkdadmtd kf orfvdhfh hdk pfrrc`chcg rdschd sgkg dm dk vám`ukg hdk pfrdmtds`g, sdf kdofk g mfturfk, y mg dm dk prdsumtg fid`tg qud dxcstd dmtrd pfrcdmtds. Dm `gmsd`udm`cf, pfrf kf `gmicourf`cðm hd dstd bd`bg pumcjkd, rdsuktf cmsuic`cdmtd qud dk fodmtd dstã prdaumchg hdk fmcaus ad`fmhc. Kf kdy pdmfk rdqucdrd fhdaæs hd kf `gm`cdm`cf y vgkumtfh hd aftfr, qud dk fodmtd dld`utd kf f``cðm 'f sfjcdmhfs' g adlgr hc`bg, `gm pkdmg `gmg`cacdmtg qud dxtcmoud kf vchf hd umg hd sus pfrcdmtds `gmschdrfhgs dm dk tcpg pdmfk rdspd`tcvg. Hd dstd aghg, Kf Puprdaf @grtd, pgr Dld`utgrcf hdk >? hd g`tujrd hd 6332, bf sgstdmchg qud "pfrf dstfjkd`dr  dk hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg, mg jfstf qud dk futgr hdk hdkctg sdpf qud kf vá`tcaf ds su fs`dmhcdmtd, fs`dmh cdmtd, hds`dmhc hds`dmhcdmtd dmtd g `ðmyuod, `ðmyuod, scmg qud hdjd prgjfrsd dk vám`uk vám`ukg g ifack ifackcfr  cfr  `gm kf rdspd`tcvf pfrtchf hd kgs Zdocstrgs hdk Dstfhg @cvck g `gm kgs cmstruadmtgs püjk pü jkc` c`gs gs hgmh hgmhd d `gms `gmstd td kf ickc ickcf` f`cð cðm, m, pg pgrr `gms `gmsco couc ucdm dmtd td kf `gmi `gmids dscð cðm m hd hdkk rd rdg, g, tdstcagmcfkds g `ufkqucdr gtrg dkdadmtg rdsuktfm cmsuic`cdmtds". Pc mg bfy igraf hd prgjfr dk pfrdmtds`g dmtrd fodmtd y vá`tcaf dk `fsg sdræ tcpcic`fhg `gag bgac`chcg scapkd. Mg hdjd sgskfyfrsd qud pfrf qud dxcstf `gm`ujcmftg ds md`dsfrcg sd `uapkfm kgs rdqucsctgs qud rd`god dk frtá`ukg 0:9 hdk @ðhcog @cvck, hd aghg qud sc umg hd kgs `gmvcvcdmtds hf audrtd fk gtrg fmtds hd `uapkcrsd kgs hgs fögs hd `gmvcvdm`cf,  luráhc`fadmtd mg ds pgscjkd sujsuacr tfk bd`bg dm dk hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg g Dk pfrrc`chcg tfajcãm pudhd pdrid``cgmfrsd pgr umf `gmhu`tf hd gacscðm caprgpcf (frtá`ukg 60 hdk @.^.), hdjchg qud kf rdkf`cðm cmtdrpdrsgmfk dmtrd fodmtd y vá`tcaf iumhfadmtf kf pgsc`cðm hd ofrfmtd hdk prcadrg rdspd`tg hdk sdoumhg. Mg hdjdags sgskfyfr qud dmtrd umf `gmhu`tf hd gacscðm y gtrf hd `gacscðm kg `gaüm ds qud dk futgr gstdmtf dk hgacmcg hd kf `fusf hdk rdsuktfhg icmfk hfögsg. G`urrd, pgr  dldapkg `ufmhg Lufm Afmudk, sfkvfvchfs dm kf pkfyf hd Fm`ðm, gjsdrvf qud su `ðmyuod pchd fuxckcg hdsdspdrfhf pgrqud sd dstæ fbgofmhg y puhcdmhg sfkvfrkf

 

mg kg bf`d `gm dk icm hd qud audrf. Xfajcãm kf Dld`utgrcf Puprdaf hdk :2 hd g`tuj g`t ujrd rd hd 633 633?, ?, dxp dxpgm gmd d um `f `fsg sg rd rdfk fk hd pfr pfrrc rc`c `chc hcg g pg pgrr ga gacs cscð cðm m ca caprg prgpc pcf< f< "Bfjcãmhgsd hdtdracmfhg qud kf audrtd hd kf rd`cãm mf`chf Pbfhcrf Bufaæm Xrcmchfh sd prghulg f `gmsd`udm`cf hd umf dmidradhfh prghu`chf dm kfs váfs rdspcrftgrcfs jrgm`gmduagmáf hdjchg fk fjfmhgmg qud suircdrf pgr pfrtd hd su pfhrd dm kfs cmadhcf`cgmds hdk rág Záaf`5 qud, scdmhg dstg fsá, dk cká`ctg pdmfk pdrpdtrfhg pgr dk `ctfhg f`usfhg ds dk hdkctg `gmsuafhg hd pfrrc`chcg, y mg dk hd tdmtftcvf hdk acsag, `gag dqucvg`fhfadmtd kg bf vfkgrfhg fsá kf Pfkf ^dmfk Pupdrcgr".

6.0. 6.0.

JCDM JC DM LT LTZÁ ZÁHC HC@G @G ^Z ^ZGX GXDO DOCH CHG< G<

Kf vchf buafmf cmhdpdmhcdmtd `gaprdmhchf hdshd dk cmstfmtd hdk pfrtg bfstf kf audrtd mfturfk hd kf pdrsgmf buafmf. Dkkg ds capgrtfmtd tdmdrkg dm `udmtf pudstg qud auy jcdm pudhd vdrcic`frsd dk hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg `ufmhg um pfhrd hf audrtd f su bclg dm `cr`umstfm`cfs qud sd dm`udmtrf scdmhg dxpuksfhg pgr kf afhrd hd su vcdmtrd, ds hd`cr, dm kf dtfpf hdk mf`cacdmtg.

6.0.6. 6.0 .6. PTL PTLDXG DXG F@X F@XCYG CYG háfs scoucdmtds f kf hcsgku`cðm dmd pgr pfhrd fk afrchg. 62  Dm dsd sdmhg, f kf prdsum`cðm hd pftdrmchfh, sd kd gpgmd kf prudjf hd FHM, qud pfrf did`tgs pdmfkds, rdspd`tg fk hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg hdjd dstfr f`gapföfhf pgr dk `gmg`cacdmtg pgr pfrtd hdk suldtg odmtd hdk pfrdmtds`g `gmsfmouámdg g vcm`ukg kdofk `gmtdapkfhg dm dk fr`ukg 6>?¾ hdk `ðhcog pumcvg mf`cgmfk. 63  Dk dm `fsg hd fhgp`cðm, dk rfzgmfacdmtg ds fk `gmtrfrcg, hfhg qud fquá sd kd dxcod kf igrafkchfh hdk træactd hd fhgp`cðm qud `ukacmf, kf prgpcfadmtd, fhgp`cðm, hd igraf tfk dstd qud ükag, dk `rcadm umf pdrsgmf afygr`gag hd dhfh qud sd dm`udmtrf trfactfmhg fhgp`cðm hddm umkfadmgr hd dhfh, `gmtrf mghd pudhd sdr `fkc`fhg pfrrc`chcg, puds tghfváf mg bfy um bclg fhgptfhg, y sc mg bfy bclg fhgptfhg, mg bfy pfrrc`chcg fkoumg.

 

cm`kuchg cm`ku chg hdmtrg hd kgs dkdadmtg dkdadmtgss qud `gmstc `gmstctuydm tuydm kf `gmhu`tf tápc`f hds`rctf dm dk frtá`ukg 6>?¾ hdk @^ pdrufmg.

6.8. 6.8.

XC^C C^C@C @CHF HFH H PTJL PTJLDX DXCCYF 

Dk bd`bg pumcjkd hd pfrrc`chcg sd rdfkczf `gm hgkg hcrd`tg (prcadrg y sdoumhg orfhg), fsá `gag pgr hgkg dvdmtufk. Dstd sd prdsdmtf `ufmhg dk suldtg f`tcvg, `gmg`cdmhg kf rdkf`cðm pfrdmtfk `gm dk suldtg pfscvg, sd rdprdsdmtf dk rdsuktfhg kdtfk `gag pgscjkd y kg f`dptf. Pcm dajfro dajfrog, g, dstæ pgsc`c pgsc`cðm, ðm, fpfrdmtdad fpfrdmtdadmtd mtd `kfrf, rdsuktf rdsukt f `gapk `gapkc`fhf c`fhf y hd hcvdrsf gpcmcðm dmtrd kgs trftfhcst trftfhcstfs fs mf`cgmfkds. Fsá, Zgy Irdyrd, fk coufk qud Burtfhg ^gzg, ^döf @fjrdrf y @fstckkg Fkvf, fsdvdrf qud adhcfmtd kf dxprdscðm "f sfjcdmhfs", dk kdocskfhgr pdrufmg dx`kuyd kf pgscjckchfh qud sdf suic`cdmtd dk hgkg dvdmtufk. Mg gjstfmtd, pfrf mgsgtrgs sd dvchdm`cf dm igraf `kfrf qud kf irfsd "f sfjcdmhfs" hd mcmoüm aghg dx`kuyd dk hgkg dvdmtufk, scmg pgr dk `gmtrfrcg, sgkg scrvd y sd hcrcod f fsdourfr qud dk fodmtd bfyf `gmg`chg dk pfrdmtds`g `gmsfmouámdg g luráhc`g `gm su vá`tcaf. Dstg ds, `gmschdrfags qud kf dxprdscðm "f sfjcdmhfs" utckczfhf pgr dk kdocskfhgr dm dk agadmtg bcstðrc`g hd kd kdoc ocsk skfr fr dk tctcpg pg pdmfk pdmfk hd hdkk frt frtá` á`ukg ukg,, ds dstæ tæ hcrc hcrcoc ochf hf f dx dxco cocr cr qud dk fo fodm dmtd td f`tü f`tüd d `gmg`cdmhg pdrid`tfadmtd kf rdkf`cðm pfrdmtfk `gm su vá`tcaf. Pc sd vdrcic`f qud mg `gmg`cð tfk `cr`umstfm`cf, dk pfrrc`chcg hdsfpfrd`d pgr aæs hgkg hcrd`tg g cmhcrd`tg `gm dk qud bfyf f`tufhg. Jfstf qud dk suldtg f`tcvg (pfrrc`chf) `gmg`cdmhg kf rdkf`cðm pfrdm tfk qud kd umd `gm dk suldtg pfscvg sd rdprdsdmtd sdrcfadmtd dk rdsuktfhg kdtfk y kg f`dptd g sd `gmigrad `gm dkkg pfrf dstfr irdmtd fk hgkg dvdmtufk.

Dm `gmsd`udm`cf, rdsuktf rdqucsctg scmd quf mgm kf `gm`urrdm`cf hdk hgkg, mg `fjd kf `gacscðm pgr `ukpf. Pc dkkg su`dhcdrf, dk bd`bg sd sujsuacræ fk bgac`chcg pgr  mdokcodm`cf. mdokco dm`cf. Fpfrd` Fpfrd`d d dk hgkg `ufmhg dk suldtg f`tcv f`tcvg g `gm `gmg`cacd `gmg`cacdmtg mtg y vgkumtfh vgkumtfh hf audrtd f su vá`tcaf sfjcdmh sfjcdmhg g qud tcdmd dm kf rdfkchfh um pfrdmtds`g mfturfk g  luráhc`g hdjchfadmtd dspd`cic`fhg dm dk tcpg pdmfk. Dm did`tg, sc sd vdr vdrcic`f cic`f qud dk fodmtd mg `gmg`áf g mg puhg `gmg`dr pgr hdtdracmfhfs `cr`umstfm`cfs qud su

 

vá`tcaf drf su pfrcdmtd, dk hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg mg sd `gmicourf `cr`ums`rcjcãmhgsd tfk bd`bg fk bgac`chcg scapkd. Hd dkkg `gm`kucags qud dk hgkg ds cmhdpdmhcdmtd fk `gmg`cacdmtg hd kf rdkf`cðm pfrdm tfk. Dk fmcaus md`fmhc ds cmhcidrdmtd f qud tdmof g mg `gmg`cacdmtg dk fodmtd hd kf rdkf`cðm pfrdm tfk `gm su vá`tcaf. Kf irfsd "f sfjcdmhfs" scrvd pfrf hcidrdm`cfr kf `gmhu`tf hdkc`tcvf hd pfrrc`chcg hdk bgac`chcg scapkd. Zdsuktfmhg hd dsf igraf kf pgsc`cðm f`dptfhf pgr kf hg`trcmf tfmtg mf`cgmfk `gag dxtrfmldrf qud sgstcdmd qud sc dk fodmtd f`tuð f sfjcdmhfs hd kf rdkf`cðm pfrdm tfk dstfrdags fmtd dk hdkctg hd pfrrc` pfrrc`chcg, chcg, pdrg qud sc f`tuð scm `gmg`dr fqudkkgs vám`ukgs vám`ukgs qud kd umd `gm kf vá`tcaf, dstfrdags irdmtd fk hdkctg hd bgac`chcg scapkd.

6.8.6.. PGKT@ 6.8.6 PGKT@CÐM CÐM DM @FPG @FPG HD D DZZGZ ZZGZ Dk drrgr sgjrd dk pfrdmtds`g yf sdf mfturfk g luráhc`g hdk suldtg f`tcvg rdspd`tg hdk pfscvg, dx`kuyd dk hgkg hdk hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg, kcactæmhgsd kf `gmhu`tf bgac`chf f um bg bgac ac`c `chc hcg g sc scap apkd. kd. Dm ds dsd d sd sdmt mtch chg, g, qu qucd cdm m af aftf tf f su `ð `ðmyu myuod od fk bf bfjd jdrkg rkg `gmiumhchg `gm um dxtrfög `gmtrf qucdm cjf hcrcochf kf f``cðm, `gadtdræ dk bd`bg pumcjkd rdoukfhg dm dk tcpg pdmfk hdk frtá`ukg 6>9 hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk. rdspd`tg hdk g``csg y tdmtftcvf hd bgac`chcg rdspd`tg hdk dxtrfög. Coufk g`urrd `ufmhg pgr um drrgr dm dk ogkpd g hcspfrg sd prghu`d kf audrtd hdk bclg, `ufmhg kf f``cðm bgac`chf dstæ hcrcochf f gtrf pdrsgmf (fjdrrftcg c`tus), prdsdmtæmhgsd bgac`chcg hgkgsg hgk gsg rdspd`t rdspd`tg g hdk pfrc pfrcdmt dmtd d y tdm tdmtft tftcvf cvf cmchðm cmchðmdf df rdspd`t rdspd`tg g hdk dxt dxtrfmd rfmdus. us. Dm fajgs supudstgs mg pudhd bfjkfrsd hd pfrrc`chcg pudstg qud mg fpfrd`dm tghgs kgs dkdadmtgs `gmstctutcvgs hdk tcpg.

Dm mudstrf pftrcf, ds hd pgsc`cðm hcidrdmtd dk prgidsgr Idkcpd Yckkfvc`dm`cg, qucdm ficraf cm`kusg qud dk drrgr sgjrd dk pfrdmtds`g hdjd rdsgkvdrsd sdoüm kfs rdokfs hdk drrgr hd tcpg. ^gsc`cðm `gm kf `ufk hcs`rdpfags. Ds capgscjkd kf fpkc`f`cðm hd kgs prdsupudstgs hdk drrgr hd tcpg dm tghf su afomctuh pfrf rdsgkvdr dk drrgr cm pdrsgmf g fjdrrf`tcg c`tus.

 

^gr kg hdaæs, tcdmd rfzðm Yckkf Ptdcm, `ufmhg rdiutfmhg kgs pkfmtdfacdmtgs hd Yckkfvc`dm`cg rdspd`tg hdk tdaf dm sdhd, sdöfkf qud mg `fjd `fkcic`fr hd `ukpgsg um bgac`chcg qud sd qucsg, fumqud kf vá`tcaf, pgr drrgr, iudrf hcstcmtf f kf qud rdfkadmtd sd qucsg dkcacmfr. ^gr kg scoucdmtd< prcadrg, dm dk bgac`chcg `ukpgsg dk fodmtd mg qucdrd audrtd fkoumf, fumqud g`urrf pgr `fusf hd su gjrfr mdokcod mdokcodmtd mtd g capruhdmtd. Mg bfy dm dk bgac`chcg `ukpgsg fmcaus md`fmhc5 sdoumhg, sc gptæ gp tæsd sdag agss pg pgrr f`dp f`dptf tfrr kf iðra iðrauk ukf f hd um `gm` `gm`ur ursg sg `gm `gm bg bgac ac`c `chc hcg g `ukp `ukpgs gsg g tdmhráfags qud hdtdracmfr kf mfturfkdzf hd kf cmirf``cðm hdk hdjdr hd `uchfhg pgr  pfrtd hdk futgr, kg qud sdráf um fjsurhg.

6.4 6.4.

FMXCLTZCHC@CHFH

Tmf vdz qud sd bf hdtdracmfhg qud dm kf `gmhu`tf fmfkczfhf `gm`urrdm tghgs kgs dkdadmtgs gjldtcvgs y sujldtcvgs qud `gmigrafm kf tcpc`chfh hdk pfrrc`chcg prdvcstg dm dk frtá`ukg 6>? hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk, dk gpdrfhgr luráhc`g pfsfræ cmadhcftfadmtd f fmfk fm fkcz czfr fr dk sdo sdoum umhg hg dkda dkdadm dmtg tg g mc mcvd vdkk hd hdmg mgac acmf mfhg hg fmtc fmtclur lurch chc` c`ch chfh fh.. Ds hd hd`c `cr, r, hdtdracmfræ sc kf `gmhu`tf ds `gmtrfrcf fk grhdmfacdmtg luráhc`g g dm su `fsg, `gm`urrd fkoumf `fusf hd lustcic`f`cðm hd kfs prdvcstfs y sfm`cgmfhfs dm dk frtá`ukg frtá`u kg :> hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk. Hd dsd aghg, dk gpdrfhgr luráhc` luráhc`g g fmfkczfræ fmfkczfræ sc dm dk bgac bg ac`c `chc hcg g `gm `gm`r `rdt dtg g `g `gm`u m`urrd rrd kf kd kdoá oátctcaf af hdid hdidmsf msf g dk ds dstf tfhg hg hd md` md`dsc dschf hfh h  lustcic`fmtd g dk fodmtd f`tuð pgr umf iudrzf iásc`f crrdscstcjkd g `gapdkchf pgr um acdhg cmsupdrfjkd g dm `uapkcacdmtg hd um hdjdr. Pc sd `gm`kuyd qud dm dk pfrrc`chcg `gm`urrd fkoumf `fusf hd lustcic`f`cðm, kf `gmhu`tf bgac`chf sdræ tápc`f pdrg mg fmtcluráhc`f y pgr tfmtg, sdræ crrdkdvfmtd pfsfr f fmfkczfr dk tdr`dr dkdadmtg hdk hdkctg `gmg`chg `gag `ukpfjckchfh.

6.9.

@TK^FJCKCHFH

Pc hdspuãs hd fmfkczfr kf `gmhu`tf tápc`f hd pfrrc`chcg sd kkdof f kf `gm`kuscðm qud mg `gm`urrd fkoumf `fusf g `cr`ums `cr`umstfm`c tfm`cf f qud kg lustcicq lustcicqud ud irdmtd fk grhdmfa grhdmfacdmtg cdmtg  luráhc`g, dk gpdrfhgr luráhc`g cmadhcftfadmtd dmtrfræ f hdtdracmfr sc fqudkkf

 

`gmhu`tf bgac`chf pudhd sdr ftrcjuchf g caputfjkd f su futgr. Dm `gmsd`udm`cf, fmfkczfræ sc kf pdrsgmf f qucdm sd kd ftrcjuyd kf `gmhu`tf tápc`f y fmtcluráhc`f ds caputfjkd caput fjkd pdmfkadm pdmfkadmtd, td, ds hd`cr, ogzf hd `fpf`c `fpf`chfh hfh pdmfk, pfrf rdspgmhdr rdspgmhdr pgr su f`tg bgac`chf. Dm dstd fspd`tg, pgr dldapkg, tdmhræ qud hdtdracmfrsd kf dhfh jcgk jcgkðo ðoc` c`f f hd hdkk pf pfrr rrc` c`cchf. hf. "Kf "Kf acmgr cmgrááf hd dh dhfh fh `g `gms msttctuy ctuyd d um umf f `f `fus usf f hd cmcaputfjckchfh `rcacmfk, `uyf capgrtfm`cf mgraftcvf supgmd umf prdsum`cðm kdofk curd dt hd lurd qud cm`chd dm umf hcadmscðm jcgkðoc`f hd kf pdrsgmf, pgr kg qud jfstfræ kf sgkf `gmstftf`cðm hd qud dk suldtg mg bfyf fk`fmzfhg kf afygráf hd dhfh pfrf iumhfr kf dx`kuscðm hd su rdspgmsfjckchfh pdmfk". Kudog, hdtdracmfræ sc tdmáf `gmg`cacdmtg qud su f`tufr bgac`chf drf fmtcluráhc`g, ds hd`cr, `gmtrfrcg f tghg dk grhdmfacdmtg luráhc`g. ^drg, hd aghg fkoumg, sd rdqucdrd um `gmg`cacdmtg pumtufk y dspd`áic`g, scmg scapkdadmtd um `gmg`cacdmtg pfrfkdkg f kf dsidrf hd um prgifmg, g, adlgr hc`bg, um `gmg`cacdmtg qud sd hdsprdmhd hdk sdmtchg `gaüm qud ogzfags tghfs kfs pdrsgmfs mgrafkds. Fquá auy jcdm pudhd `gm`urrcr um drrgr `ukturfkadmtd `gmhc`cgmfhg. Dm dstd pumtg `fjd prd`csfr qud< dk `gmg`cacdmtg qud sd aftf f um pfrcdmtd mfturfk g luráhc`g `gmstctuyd um dkdadmtg hd kf tcpc`chfh hdk pfrrc`chcg, pgr kg qud `ufkqucdr `ufkqu cdr drrgr rdspd`t rdspd`tg g f dstd `gmg`cac `gmg`cacdmtg, dmtg, hd aghg fkoumg `gmstctuyd drrgr hd prgbcjc`cðm scmg qud dstfrdags irdmtd f um drrgr hd tcpg. Icmf Icmfka kadm dmtd td,, `ufm `ufmhg hg sd `gm` `gm`ku kuyf yf qu qud d dk suld suldtg tg ds `fpf `fpfzz pf pfrf rf rd rdsp spgm gmhd hdr  r  pdmfkadmtd pgr su f`tg bgac`chf y sd hdtdracmd qud `gmg`áf qud su f`tg drf `gmtrfrcg fk grhdmfacdmtg luráhc`g, dk gpdrfhgr pfsfræ f hdtdracmfr sc dk fodmtd dm dk `fsg `gm`rdtg pgháf g kd drf pgscjkd `gapgrtfrsd `gmigrad f hdrd`bg y dvctfr  `fusfr kf audrtd hd su pfrcdmtd. Pc sd `gm`kuyd qud dk fodmtd mg tuvg gtrf fktdrmftcvf qud `fusfr kf audrtd hd kf vá`tcaf, mg sdræ `ukpfjkd hd kf `gmhu`tf tá tápc pc`f `f y fm fmtctclu lurá ráhc hc`f `f.. Fq Fquá uá mg mgss dstf dstfag agss rdi rdicrc crcdm dmhg hg fk dst dstfh fhg g hd md md`ds `dsch chfh fh dx`ukpfmtd qud, auy jcdm, pudhd `gmicourfrsd sc dm dk dldapkg `gmg`chg `gag dk `fsg Acomgmdttd, su`dhchg dm Cmokftdrrf (6228), dk tdr`drg, fk `ufk hcdrgm audrtd kgs hgs mæuirfogs pfrf sfkvfr su vchf `gmsuacdmhg su `frmd, rdsuktð sdr dk pfhrd hd kgs mæuirfogs. Hd hfrsd dk `fsg, sd fpkc`fræ dk supudstg prdvcstg dm dk cm`csg 4

 

hdkk frtá hd frtá`u `ukg kg :> hd hdkk @ðhc @ðhcog og ^d ^dmf mfkk qud qud sd pr prds dsdm dmtf tf `g `ga ag um umf f `f `fus usfk fk hd cm`ukpfjckchfh.

6.?.

@GMPTAF@CÐM

Dk hdkctg sd pdrid``cgmf `ufmhg dk fodmtd fogtf kgs dkdadmtgs `gmstctutcvgs hdk tcpg pdmfk, ds hd`cr, hf did`tcvf audrtd f su Yá`tcaf hd qucdm `gmg`áf tdmdr pfrdmtds`g `gmsfmouámdg g luráhc`g. Zdsuktf trfs`dmhdmtd cmhc`fr qud dk prgvd`bg qud pudhf sf`fr dk fodmtd (kf afygr hd kfs vd`ds bdrdm`cf) `gm kf audrtd hd su pfhrd, pgr  dldapkg, ds crrdkdvfmtd pfrf kf `gmsuaf`cðm hdk pfrrc`chcg. Dstd sd fogtf `gm kf sgkf vdrcic`f`cðm hd kf audrtd hdk suldtg pfscvg f `gmsd`udm`cf hdk f``cgmfr hgkgsg hdk pfrrc`chf.

6.2.

^FZXC@C^F@CÐM

Kf pfrtc`cpf`cðm dm hdrd`bg pdmfk sd kd `gm`dptufkczf `gag kf `ggpdrf`cðm g fpgyg cmtdm`cgmfk f um tdr`drg dm kf `gacscðm hd um hdkctg hgkgsg. Pðkg kgs hdkctgs hd `fræ `fræ`td `tdrr hgk hgkgsg gsg rds rdscst cstdm dm kf `ft `ftdog dográf ráf hd kf pfrt pfrtc`c c`cpf` pf`cðm cðm.. Kf pfr pfrtc` tc`cpf cpf`cð `cðm m scdaprd ds hgkgs f, mg `fjd umf pfrtc`cpf`cðm `ukpgsf. Zdsuktf capgscjkd qud dm um hdkctg `ukpgsg sd bfjkd hd pfrtá`cpds. ^frtá`cpds sgm fqudkkgs `uyf f`tcvchfh sd dm`udmtrf dm hdpdmhdm`cf, dm rdkf`cðm f kf hdk futgr. ^frtá`cpd ds dk qud did`tüf um fpgrtd hgkgsg dm dk cmlustg hgkgsg hd gtrg, trætdsd hd umf cmstcof`cðm g hd umf `gapkc`chfh. Dk pfrtá`cpd cmtdrvcdmd dm um bd`bg fldmg, pgr dkkg ds caprds`cmhcjkd kf dxcstdm`cf hd um futgr, rdspd`tg hdk `ufk sd dm`udmtrf dm umf pgsc`cðm sd`umhfrcf. ^gr dmhd, mg ds pgscjkd um pfrtá`cpd scm um futgr.  Fk hds`rcjcrsd `fhf umg hd kgs cká`ctgs pdmfkds dm kf ^frtd Dspd`cfk hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk, mg sd bf`d fkuscðm f kgs pfrtá`cpds, sgkg sd fkuhd f kgs futgrds g `gfutgrds, qucdmds tcdmdm dk hgacmcg tgtfk hdk bd`bg5 sctuf`cðm qud bf gjkcofhg fk kdocskfhgr f `gmsforfr kf pfrtc`cpf`cðm `rcacmfk `gag um hcspgsctcvg fapkcic`fhgr hd kgs tcpgs pdmfkds, `gm kg `ufk sd fapkáf kf pumcjckchfh hd `gapgrtfacdmtgs qud, hd mg sdr 

 

fsá, pdmfk admtd mg tdmhráfm mcmoumf trfs`dmhdm`cf. Hd dsd aghg, umf vdz `gadtchg um bd`bg pumcjkd dm kf qud bfm cmtdrvdmchg hgs g aæs pdrsgmfs dm fpgyg hdk futgr, dk gpdrfhgr luráhc`g hdjdræ hdtdracmfr kf fpkc`f`cðm hd kfs rdokfs rd`gochfs dm kgs frtá`ukgs :8 y :4 hdk `grpus lurcs pdmfkd. Kf cmstcof`cðm hdicmchf pgr dk frtá`ukg :8 hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk, `gag dk hdtdracmfr  hgkgsfadmtd f gtrf pdrsgmf f qud rdfkc`d um hdkctg, `gmstctuyd umf igraf hd pfrtc`cpf`cðm. Dm did`tg, sd kd `gmschdrf pfrtá`cpd pgr cmstcof`cðm f fqudk qud hgkgsfadmtd bf`d mf`dr dm dk futgr kf hd`cscðm g rdsgku`cðm hd rdfkczfr dk tcpg pdmfk. Dm gtrgs tãracmgs, pgr kf cmstcof`cðm umf pdrsgmf cm`ctf, capuksf, fprdacf f gtrf f rdfkczfr dk cmlustg hgkgsg. Hd fkká qud dk cmstcofhgr sdf qucdm sd kcactf f prgvg`fr dm dk futgr kf rdsgku`cðm hdkc`tcvf scm tdmdr dk hgacmcg hdk bd`bg, kg `ufk kg hcstcmoud hdk `gfutgr. ^gr gtrg kfhg, kf `gapkc`chfh prcafrcf g sd`umhfrcf ds gtrf igraf hd pfrtc`cpf`cðm. Bfy umcigrachfh dm kf hg`trcmf dm hdicmcr fk `ðapkc`d `gag fqudk qud hgkgsfadmtd `gkfjgrf, `ggpdrf g fpgyf f um tdr`drg f rdfkczfr um bd`bg pumcjkd hgkgsg. G adlgr, dm tãracmgs hdk dspfögk Ogmzfkg Vucmtdrg Gkcvfrds, kf `gapkc`chfh pudhd hdicmcrsd `gag fqudkkf `gmtrcju`cðm g fuxckcg fk bd`bg, fmtdrcgr g scauktæmdg, qud bf schg ütck pfrf kf dld`u`cðm hdk pkfm hdk futgr. Dm `gmsd`udm`cf, hdjd bfjdr  vcm`ukf`cðm dmtrd dk bd`bg prcm`cpfk y kf f``cðm hdk `ðapkc`d. Mudstrg Mudstr g kdocsk kdocskfhgr, fhgr, dm dk frtá`ukg :4 hdk @.^. bf`d kf hcidrdm`cf dmtrd `gapkc`c `gapkc`chfh hfh prcafrcf g md`dsfrcf y kf sd`umhfrcf. Dm did`tg, acdmtrfs qud kf prcafrcf `gmscstd dm `gkfjgrfr g prdstfr fuxckcg hgkgsg pfrf rdfkczfr um hdkctg, scm dk `ufk mg bujcdsd schg pgscjkd su rdfkczf`cðm, kf `gapkc`chfh sd`umhfrcf `gmscstd dm `gkfjgrfr g prdstfr fscstdm`cf dm igraf hgkgsf, hd fkoüm aghg qud mg ds cmhcspdmsfjkd pfrf kf `gacscðm hdk hdkctg pgr dk futgr, fum scm kf `gkfjgrf`cðm g fpgyg, hd tghf afmdrfs sd bujcdsd rdfkczfhg dk dvdmtg hdkc`tcvg pgr dk fodmtd.

6. 6.3. 3.

^Z ^ZGJ GJKD KDAF AF H HD D KF ^F ^FZX ZXC@ C@C^ C^F@ F@CÐ CÐM M DM DK ^ ^FZ FZZC ZC@C @CHC HCG< G<

Xdmc Xd mcdm dmhg hg dm `udmt `udmtf f qu qud d dk bd` bd`bg bg pumc pumcjk jkd d dt dtcq cqud udtf tfhg hg `g `gag ag "pfr "pfrrc` rc`ch chcg cg"" ds mdtfadmtd hd `fræ`tdr hgkgsg, ds aftdrcfk y luráhc`fadmtd pgscjkd kf icourf hd kf

 

pfrtc`cpf`cðm, yf sdf dm su igraf hd cmstcof`cðm g hd `gapkc`chfh. Dm hdicmctcvf, kgs pfrtá`cpds dm dk hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg sdræm sfm`cgmfhgs `gag pfrtá`cpds hd dstd hdkctg sdoüm kfs rdokfs hdk frtá`ukg :8 y :4 hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk, fsá mg tdmofm mc `gmgz`fm kf `ufkchfh dspd`cfk qud dxcod dk tcpg pdmfk pfrf kgs futgrds. Dkkg dm vcrtuh hd hgs prcm`cpcgs qud cmigrafm kf pfrtc`cpf`cðm hdkc`tcvf< dk prcm`cpcg hd kf f``dsgrcdhfh y dk hd umchfh hd tátukg hd caputf`cðm. Dk prcadrg dstfjkd`d qud pfrf bfjkfr hd pfrtc`cpf`cðm ds md`dsfrcf kf futgráf. Ds capdmsfjkd kf cmstcof`cðm y kf `gapkc`chfh `gm vchf prgpcf d cmhdpdmhcdmtd. Dm tfmtg qud fk mg sdr um `gm`dptg futðmgag kf pfrtc`cpf`cðm, scmg hdpdmhcdmtd fk `gm`dptg hd futgr, sd `gm`kuyd dm igraf `gbdrdmtd qud sgkg sgjrd kf jfsd hdk futgr pudhd dmluc`cfrsd kf `gmhu`tf hdk pfrtá`cpd. Ds hd`cr, pgr dk prcm`cpcg hd umchfh hd tátukg hd caputf`cðm, dk hdkctg pgr dk qud pudhdm sdr dmluc`cfhgs kgs hcstcmtgs cmtdrvcmcdmtds (futgrds y pfrtá`cpds) dm su rdfkczf`cðm ds dk acsag pfrf tghgs. Mg bfy rfzðm `gmscstdmtd pfrf hcvchcrkgs d caputfr hdtdracmfhg hdkctg fk futgr g `gfutgr y gtrg hcstcmtg fk pfrtá`cpd.

Dm dstd sdmtchg, kgs prgidsgrds prgidsgrds Auögz @gmhd y Ofr`áf Ofr`áf Frfm, dmsdöfm qud dm kgs hdkctgs dspd`cfkds caprgpcgs, mg bfy mcmoumf rfzðm pfrf mg fpkc`fr kfs rdokfs odmdrfkds hd kf pfrtc`cpf`cðm. Pc dk futgr ds dk cmtrfmdus, dk hdkctg `gadtchg sdræ dk dspd`cfk y, dm vcrtuh hdk prcm`cpcg hd umchfh hdk tátukg hd caputf`cðm, tghgs kgs hdaæs rdspgmhdræm pgr dsd hdkctg, fumqud mg tdmofm kfs `ufkchfhds dxcochfs dm dk acsag.

Mg gjstfmtd, kf afygráf hd pdmfkcstfs mf`cgmfkds, pgr rfzgmds aæs hd trfhc`cðm qud pgr frouadmtgs luráhc`gs `gbdrdmtds, sgstcdmdm qud "sc kgs pfrtá`cpds mg tcdmdm kfs `ufkchfhds hds`rctfs dm dk tcpg pdmfk hd pfrrc`chcg, sd kds caputfræ dk hdkctg hd bgac`chcg scapkd".

 

 F mudstrg `rctdrcg fpfrd`d cm`gmorudmtd y `gmtrfhc`tgrcf dstf pgsc`cðm hg`trcmfrcf qud jfsæmhgsd dm kg hcspudstg dm dk frtá`ukg :9 hdk `ðhcog sustfmtcvg, qud rd`god kf tdgráf hd kf cm`gaumc`fjckchfh hd kfs `cr`umstfm`cfs, fsuaf qud dk futgr hdk hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg rdspgmhf pgr dstd hdkctg y kgs pfrtá`cpds, pgr dk hdkctg hd bgac`chcg. ^dmsfr hd dsd aghg ds hds`gmg`dr g pfsfrkfs pgr fktg kfs rdokfs hd kf pfrt pf rtc` c`cp cpf`c f`cðm ðm `ga `gag g sg sgm m dk tá tátu tukg kg hd um umch chfh fh hd ca capu putf tf`c `cðm ðm y dk pr prcm cm`c `cpc pcg g hd f``dsgrcdhfh. Cm`kusg, Cm`kus g, gptfr pgr dstf pgsc` pgsc`cðm cðm hg`trcmfrc hg`trcmfrcf f rdsukt rdsuktf f pfrf dk `gmokga `gmokgadrfhg drfhg sg`cfk fk `ufk `ufk dstæ dstæm m hcrc hcrcoc ochf hfss kfs kfs mg mgra rafs fs pd pdmf mfkd kdss pg pgrr sá sgkf sgkfss g tr trfh fhu` u`ch chfs fs dm kf  lurcspruhdm`cf, `gmtrfhc`tgrcg d cmlustg fpfrtfr f kgs cmstcofhgrds g `ðapkc`ds hdk hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg dm dk `ufk prdstfrgm fuxckcg g fscstdm`cf pfrf su pdrpdtrf`cðm d caputfrkd caput frkd um hdkct hdkctg g hcidrdmtd `gag ds dk hd bgac`c bgac`chcg. hcg. Au`bg aæs, sc kf afygr hd kfs vd`ds dk `ðapkc`d g cmstcofhgr `gmg`d pdrid`tfadmtd qud dk fodmtd g futgr sd hcspgmd f aftfr g dstæ aftfmhg f su pfrcdmtd. Dk pfrtá`cpd sfjd qud kf vá`tcaf ds pfrcd pf rcdmt mtd d hd kf pdr pdrsg sgmf mf f kf `uf `ufkk kd pr prdst dstf f fs fscs cstd tdm` m`cf cf,, fu fuxc xckckcg g g cm cmst stco cof f pfrf pfrf `gmsuafr su f``cðm bgac`chf. Pgstdmdags qud dk frtá`ukg :9 hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk, mg ds hd fpkc`f`cðm fk agadmtg hd `fkcic`fr g hdtdracmfr dk hdkctg qud sd vf caputfr fk futgr y kgs pfrtá`cpds, scmg aæs jcdm `ufmhg sd orfhüf kf pdmf f capgmdrsd fk futgr y pfrtá`cpds. Pðkg dm dstd agadmtg dk gpdrfhgr luráhc`g pghræ prd`csfr qud kfs `cr`umstfm`cfs y `ufkchfhds qud fid`tfm kf rdspgmsfjckchfh hd fkoüm futgr mg aghcic`f kf rdspgmsfjckchfh hd gtrg futgr g `gfutgr (dstfhg hd md`dschfh hcs`ukpfm td, dag`cðm vcgkdmtf, dstfhg pudrp pu drpdr drfk fk,, dt`. dt`.), ), y, f kf vd vdz, z, kf kfss `u `ufk fkch chfh fhds ds g `cr`u `cr`umst mstfm` fm`cf cfss qu qud d fi fid` d`tf tfm m kf rdspgmsfjckchf rdspgmsf jckchfh h hd um pfrtá pfrtá`cpd `cpd mg aghci aghcic`fm c`fm kf hd gtrg pfrtá`cpd (cmcaput (cmcaputfjckc fjckchfh, hfh, gjdhcdm`cf hdjchf, dt`.). Mg gjstfmtd, qudhf `kfrg qud kg rdidrchg scrvd pfrf kgs pfrtá`cpds (`ðapkc`ds d cmstcofhgrds cmstc ofhgrds), ), hd aghg qud sc dk `gfutgr hdk pfrrc`chf mg tcdmd kfs `ufkch `ufkchfhds fhds qud dxco dx cod d dk tcpg cpg pd pdmf mfkk pfr frf f `gm gmiicour courfr frsd sd dk bd bd`b `bg g pu pumc mcjk jkd d hd pfrr pfrrc` c`cchcg, hcg, cmhuhfjkdadmtd sd kd fhd`ufræ su `gmhu`tf fk bgac`chcg scapkd.

 

6.6> 6.6>.. XDM DMXF XFXC XCYF YF Cmhuhf Cmh uhfjkd jkdadm admtd, td, fk trf trftfr tfrsd sd dk pfrr pfrrc`c c`chcg hcg hd um bd`bg bd`bg pumcjk pumcjkd d if` if`tcj tcjkd kd hd sdr  hdsfrrgkkfhg pgr `gacscðm y hd rdsuktfhg md`dsfrcfadmtd kdscvg `gmtrf dk jcdm  luráhc`g vchf, ds pdrid`tfadmtd pgscjkd qud kf `gmhu`tf hdkc`tcvf sd qudhd dm dk orfhg hd tdmtftcvf, dstg ds, pgr sdr um hdkctg hd rdsuktfhg kdscvg fk jcdm luráhc`g vchf, ds pgscjkd qud kf `gmhu`tf hdk futgr sd qudhd dm rdfkczf`cðm capdrid`tf. Kf Zdsgku`cðm Pupdrcgr hdk :2 hd dmdrg hd :>>8 orfic`f um `fsg hd kf vchf rdfk dm dk `ufk dk pfrrc`chcg qudhð dm orfhg hd tdmtftcvf. Dm did`tg, sd mfrrf qud "sd ftrcjuyd kf dm`fusfhf Pfmtgs Fkdlfmhrcmf Ævckf Yckkfmudvf bfjdr cmtdmtfhg `fusfr  kf audrtd hd kf forfvcfhf Ackforgs ( ... ) ., bfjcãmhgkd fhacmcstrfhg rftc`chf adz`kfhf `gm luogs dm su jcjdrðm, bd`bg g`urrchg dk háf gm`d hd hc`cdajrd hd hgs ack hgs, fprgxcafhfadmtd f bgrfs hg`d y trdcmtf acmutgs hdk adhcg háf, dm umf hd kfs bfjctf`cgmds hdk Bgtdk Pfm Irfm`cs`g ( ... ) hdk hcstrctg hdk Záaf`, cmocrcdmhg kudog kud og dkkf dkkf `uf `uftrg trg pfst pfstckk ckkfs fs hd hcfzdpf hcfzdpfm, m, prdtdmh prdtdmhcdm cdmhg hg kudog kudog tgafr tgafr dk vdmdmg vdmdmg prdpfrfhg `gm rftc`chf, pdrg sd hdscstcð hd dkkg, fk vdr f su bclf, kkdvæmhgkf cmadhcftfadmtd dm afk dstfhg fk Bgspctfk hd kf ^gkc`áf Mf`cgmfk hdk ^drü 'Fuoustg J. Kdouáf< hgmhd iud ftdmhchf ftdmhchf y kudog puhg rd`updrfrsd rd`updrfrsd ( ... ) 5 fsá acsag, qud dk pfrrc`chcg ds um f`tg dx`kuscvfadmtd hgkgsg, pgr dk `ufk dk fodmtd mg sgkg hdjd `gmg`dr kgs dkdadmtgs qud cmtdorfm dk tcpg pdmfk, scmg, fhdaæs vgkumtfrcfadmtd, hdjd dld`utfr kf `gmhu`tf bgac`chf5 dm dk `fsg suj aftdrcf, kf f`usfhf Pfmtgs  Fkdlfmhrcmf Ævckf Yckkfmudvf dm dstd f`tg grf~ fhactd bfjdr cmtdmtfhg dkcacmfr f kf admgr forfvcfhf, vfkd hd`cr, kf fodmtd sfjáf kg qud bf`áf5 fum `ufmhg kudog dkkf acsaf bfyf irustrfhg kf `gmsuaf`cðm hdk dvdmtg qud bf rdhu`chg fk orfhg hd tdmtftcvf".

6.66 6.66.. ^DM DMFK FKCH CHFH FH hdk :0 hd sdtcdajrd hd 6338, qud

 

aghcic`ð dk frtá`ukg :3 hdk @ðhcog ^dmfk, prds`rcjcdmhg qud kf pdmf prcvftcvf hd kf kcjdrtfh tdapgrfk tdmhræ umf hurf`cðm aámcaf hd hgs háfs y um aæxcag hd :4 fögs.

:. ^FZ ^FZZC@ ZC@CHC CHCG G ^GZ D DAG@ AG@CGM CGM YCG YCGKDM KDMXF XF Pc dm fkoumf fkoumfss kdocskf`c kdocskf`cgmds gmds yf sd bf suprca suprcachg chg kf icourf hdk pfrrc`chcg pfrrc`chcg `gag hdkctg futð fu tðmg mgag ag,, af afkk sd pudh pudhd d pr prdt dtdm dmhd hdrr hfrk hfrkd d fu futg tgmg mgaá aáf f fk bg bgac ac`c `chc hcg g dm dmtr trd d fs`dmh fs` dmhcdmt cdmtds, ds, hds hds`dm `dmhcdm hcdmtds tds,, mft mfturf urfkds kds g fhgp fhgptcv tcvgs, gs, `ðm `ðmyuod yuodss y `gm` `gm`ujc ujcmgs, mgs, `gadtchg jflg dk capdrcg hd umf dag`cðm vcgkdmtf qud kfs `cr`umstfm`cfs bf`dm dx`usfj dx` usfjkd, kd, fum fumqud qud dm dk @^ hdrgo hdrgofhg fhg hd 63:8 sd dm`gm dm`gmtrf trfjf jf rdoukfhg rdoukfhg,, dm dspf`cg prgpcg, dm dk frtá`ukg 648¾ hdk acsag, rdvdstchg hd futgmgaáf igrafk.

:.6 :.6.

Dst strru`turf Xá Xápc`f.

f. Jc Jcdm dm Lu Lurá ráhc hc`g `g ^rg ^rgtd tdoc ochg hg Dk jcdm luráhc`g prgtdochg rdsuktf sdr kf vchf buafmf cmhdpdmhcdmtd.

j. Hd Hds` s`rc rcp` p`cð cðm mK Kdof dofkk Dk hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg pgr dag`cðm vcgkdmtf sd dm`udmtrf hds`rctg dm mudstrg @^ vcodmtd hdk aghg scoucdmtd<

Frtá`ukg 6>3¾, prcadr pærrfig 6>?¾ ?¾ hd hdkk @^ qu qud d cmtr cmtrgh ghul ulg g dk idac idacmc mc`c `chc hcg, g, tcdm tcdmd d qu qud d sdr sdr fs`d fs`dmh mhcd cdmt mtd, d, hds`dmhcdmtd, hds`dmh cdmtd, mftur mfturfk fk g fhgpt fhgptcvg, cvg, `ðmyuod g `gm`ujc `gm`ujcmg, mg, qud sd dm`udmtrd jflg dk

 

capdrcg hd umf dag`cðm vcgkdmtf qud kfs `cr`umstfm`cfs bf`dm dx`usfjkd. Puldtg pfscvg pudhd sdr um fs`dmhcdmtd, hds`dmhcdmtd, mfturfk g fhgptcvg, `ðmyuod g `gm`ujcmg. Dm kg qud sd rdicdrd f kf `gmhu`tf tápc`f, dk `gapgrtfacdmtg `gmscstd dm aftfr fk fs`dmhcdmt fs`dmh cdmtd, d, hds` hds`dmhc dmhcdmt dmtd, d, mft mfturfk urfk g fhg fhgptc ptcvg, vg, `ðm `ðmyuo yuod d g `gm` `gm`ujc ujcmg. mg. Dm kf afygráf hd kgs `fsgs, dk pfrrc`chcg pgr dag`cðm vcgkdmtf vf f rdfkczfrsd pgr umf f``c f``cðm ðm hd hdkk suld suldtg tg f`tc f`tcvg vg.. Mg sd hd hds` s`fr frtf tf kf ga gacs cscð cðm, m, pgr pgr `ufm `ufmtg tg ãstf ãstf ds tdðrc`fadmtd pgscjkd, fumqud dm kf præ`tc`f hd kgs bd`bgs hdkc`tcvgs sdf hd hciá`ck rdfkczf`cðm.

h. Xc Xcpg pg ssuj ujld ldtc tcvg vg Hgkgsg. ^drg dk hgkg mg sðkg rdqucdrd dk `gmg`cac Hgkgsg. `gmg`cacdmtg dmtg y vgkumt vgkumtfh fh hd aftfr f gtrg, pgr `ufmtg hdjd cm`kucr tfajcãm dk `gmg`cacdmtg hd qud sd dstæ aftfmhg fk fs`dmhcdmtd, hds`dmhcdmtd, mfturfk g fhgptcvg, `ðmyuod g `gm`ujcmg :>.

d. Orf Orfhgs hgs hd hd hdsfr sfrrgk rgkkg kg h hdk dk h hdkc dkctg tg Dk pfrrc`chcg pgr dag`cðm vcgkdmtf sd `gmsuaf `ufmhg sd aftf. Fk sdr um hdkctg hd rdsuktfhg, mg dxcstd mcmoüm prgjkdaf g cm`gmvdmcdmtd dm fhactcr kf tdmtftcvf.

i. ^dmfkchfh Dk @^ vcodmtd vcodmtd rdprca rdprcad d f trf trfvãs vãs hdk sdoumhg sdoumhg pærr pærrfig fig hd su frt frt.. 6>3¾ f quc qucdmd dmdss `gadmtdm kgs hdkctgs hd pfrrc`chcg prdvcstgs dm dk frt. 6>?¾ hdk acsag, jflg dk capdrcg hd umf dag`cðm vcgkdmtf qud kfs `cr`umstfm`cfs bf`dm dx`usfjkds, `gm pdmf prcvftcvf hd kcjdrtfh mg admgr hd `cm`g mc afygr hd hcdz fögs :6. :>

 Dk rdqud rdqudrcacdm rcacdmtg tg hd um dkdadmtg sujld sujldvg vg fhc`cgmfk, fhc`cgmfk, hcsmtg hdk hgkg, dm um tðpc`g f`dptf f`dptfhg hg scm afygr fmækcs fmækcscs cs dm hg`trcmf, puds dm su prdtdmscðm hd fjfr`fr umf adlgr dspd`c`f`cðm hdk dkdadmtg cmtdrmg hdk hdkctg y kkdof f `ruzfrsd `gm dk æmcag hdkc`vg y sus hcidrdmtds `kfsds hd dstru`turf`cðm, scm sgku`cgmfr kf `udsðm hd igmhg dm kg qud sd rddrd f `gadtdr um hdkctg ‛f sfjcdmhfs‑ hd kf `gmhc`cðm dm pfr`ukfr hdk suldtg pfscvg. S ds qud fkoumfs vd`ds `gm kf cmtrghu``cðm hd sujdkdadmtgs sd `gapkc`fm cmmd`dsfrcfadmtd kf `gaprdmscðm hdk dkdadmtg sujldvg hdk pg pdmfk. Dm um fiæm hd druhc`cðm dm`c`kgpãhc`f pghdags `fdr, dm hdtdracmfhfs g`fscgmds, dm um dmtrfapfacdmtg mg prd`csfadmtd rd`gadmhfjkd.

:6

  Dk pfr pfrrc` rc`chcg chcg prgsddag dag`cð `cðm m vcg vcgkdm kdmtf tf `gag `ga g hdkctg hdk ctg fut futðmg ðmgag ag mg dxcstd dxc dm mud mudstr strg gdag`cðm grhdmf grhdmfacd acdmtg mtg lur luráhc `g. Dmhdk kf scstdaæ`f hdk @^ dm`udmtrf ujc`fhg `gag forfvfmtd hdk hdkctg hdstd bgac`chcg pgr vcgkdmtf, fáhc`g. trfvãs fr`ukg 6>3¾. Pcm dajfrog, kf hdpdmhdm`cf igrafk hdk pfrrc`chcg pgr dag`cðm vcgkdmtf vc gkdmtf rdspd`tg fk bgac`chcg pgr dag`cðm

 

Y.

LTZCP^ZTHDM@CF

·@uækds sgm kgs dkdadmtgs tápc`gs hdk pfrrc`chcg7 Dk pfrrc`chcg ds um hdkctg hd rdsuktfhg qud rdqucdrd kf did`tcvf vukmdrf`cðm hdk jcdm  luráhc`g prgtdochg, vfkd hd`cr qud kf `gmhu`tf hdk fodmtd prghuz`f kf audrtd hd kf vá`tcaf5 fscacsag, dk pfrrc`chcg ds um f`tg dx`kuscvfadmtd hgkgsg, pgr dk `ufk dk fodmtd mg sgkg hdjd `gmg`dr kgs dkdadmtgs qud cmtdorfm dk tcpg pdmfk, scmg, fhdaæs vgkumtfrcfadmt vgkumtfrcfadmtd, d, hdjd dld`utfr kf `gmhu`tf `gmhu`tf bgac` bgac`chf chf (Dxp. M¼ 896-:>>0896-:>>0Kcaf).

·Pd rdqucdrd hd um æmcag dspd`áic`g dm dk fodmtd7 Pd rdqu rdqucd cdrd rd umf cmtdm mtdm`c `cgm gmfk fkch chfh fh ds dspd pd`á `áiic`f c`f dm dk fo fodm dmttd, f kg qu qud d sd hdmgacmf fmcaus md`fmhc  (`gmg`cacdmtg  (`gmg`cacdmtg y vgkumtfh hd `fusfr audrtd)5 hdjcdmhg adrctufrsd tfajcãm kf mfturfkdzf hdk adhcg dapkdfhg (Dxp. M¼ 896-:>>0-Kcaf). 896-:>>0-Kcaf). Dm dstd tcpg hd hdkctgs `gmtrf kf vchf, ds cmhcspdmsfjkd qud sd dstfjkdz`f dm igraf `kfrf d cmhujctfjkd dk fmcaus md`fmhc  y  y dk aðvck, qud bfjráfm capuksfhg dk f``cgmfr  hdk prg`dsfhg, fspd`tgs qud sgkg sgm pgscjkds hdtdracmfr pgr dk rd`gmg`cacdmtg dxpr dxprds dsg g hd hdkk f`tg f`tgrr g dm `fsg `fsg hd md mdof oftctcvf vf,, pg pgrr kf suaf suaf hd cmhc cmhc`c `cgs gs qud qud kg `grrgjgrdm (Z.M. M¼ 60:8-:>>0-Buæmu`g).

·Dm quã `fsgs kf `gmvcvdm`cf hdtdracmf kf `gmicourf`cðm hdk pfrrc`chcg7 Dk cká`ctg hd pfrrc`chcg sgkg pudhd sdr ftrcjuchg f kgs `gmvcvcdmtds `ufmhg dk suldtg f`tcvg bf`d vchf dm `gaüm `gm su vá`tcaf (Z.M. M¼ :?82-:>>:-@flfafr`f). :?82-:>>:-@flfafr`f).

·Kf `gmvcvdm`cf hdjd tdmdr umf hurf`cðm hdtdracmfhf7

vcgkdmtf pudhd gmdofr su hds`dmhdm`cf dm rdkf`cðm pfrrc`chcg dm dkftdmu frt. fmtd, 6>?¾. fPdoüm ükaf vcscðm hdkmgpfrrc`chcg pfrrc`chc pgr dag`cð dag`cðm m vcgkdmtf,aftdrcfk rdsuktf qud sdráf mgfkumf forfvfmtd, forfvfmkdocskfhg td, scmg umf ftdmufmtd, aghgdstf hd um pg ftdmufmhg, puds f pdmfkchfh hdk pfrrc`chcg pgr dag`cðm vcgkdmtf ds admgr qud kf pdmfkchfh hdk pfrrc`chcg.

 

Pc jcdm dk `gkdocfhg, fk dxpdhcr kf sdmtdm`cf aftdrcf hd orfhg, `gmhdmf pgr dk hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg, rdsuktf hd futgs qud sd cmicdrd y dstfjkd`d qud kf rdkf`cðm sdmtcadmtfk sdmtca dmtfk qud afmtdmáf dk dm`fusfhg dm`fusfhg `gm kf forfvc forfvcfhf fhf sgkg tdmáf umf hurf`cðm fprgxcafhf hd trds adsds y mg hd hgs fögs, `gag dxcodm kgs frtá`ukgs `cm`g hd kf @gmstctu`cðm y trds`cdmtgs vdcmtcsãcs hdk @ðhcog @cvck, pgr kg qud mg dxcstd kf rdkf rd kf`c `cðm ðm hd pf pfrd rdmt mtds ds`g `g md`d md`dsf sfrc rcf f pf pfrf rf qu qud d sd pudh pudhf f `gmi `gmico cour urfr fr dk hd hdkckctg tg rdidrchg (Dxp. M¼ 8920-33-Kf Adr`dh). Adr`dh).

·^frf tdmdr f`rdhctfhg dk vám`ukg ifackcfr jfstf `gm qud dk fodmtd kg sdpf7 ^frf dstfjkd`dr dstfjkd`dr dk hdkctg hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg pfrrc`chcg mg jfstf qud dk futgr hdk hdkctg sdpf qud kf vá`tcaf ds su fs`dmhcdmtd, hds`dmhcdmtd g `ðmyuod, scmg qud hdjd prgjfrsd dk vám`ukg ifackcfr `gm kf rdspd`tcvf pfrtchf hd kgs Zdocstrgs hdk Dstfhg @cvck g `gm kgs cmstruadmtgs püjkc`gs hgmhd `gmstdm kf ickcf`cðm, pgr `gmscoucdmtd kf `gmidscðm hdk rdg, tdstcagmcfkds tdstcagmcfkds g `ufkquc `ufkqucdr dr gtrg dkdadmtg rdsuktfm cmsuic`c cmsuic`cdmtds dmtds (Dxp. M¼ :8?432-^umg).

·@ðag sd f`rdhctf kf rdkf`cðm hd pfrdmtds`g7 Zdspd`tg f kf rdkf`cðm hd pfrdmtds`g pgr `gmsfmoucmchfh dmtrd dk prg`dsfhg y kf vá`tcaf `gag pfhrd d bclg mg dstæ f`rdhctfhf, y sc jcdm dm kf pfrtchf hd mf`cacdmtg, fpfrd`d `gmscomfhg dk mgajrd hdk g``csg `gag pfhrd hdk dm`fusfhg, dstd bd`bg mg hdaudstrf kf dxcstdm`cf hd um rd`gmg`cacdmtg dxprdsg hd pftdrmchfh mc um rd`gmg`cacdmtg luhc`cfk, rfzðm pgr kf `ufk dk bd`bg hdkc`tugsg cmc`cfkadmtd tcpcic`fhg `gag pfrrc`chcg sd fhd`uð fk hdkctg hd bgac`chcg scapkd (Z.M. M¼ 63>:-:>>0-Kcaf). 63>:-:>>0-Kcaf). Mg pudhd dmafr`frsd kf `gmhu`tf hdk f`usfhg hdmtrg hdk tcpg hd pfrrc`chcg hfhg qud qu d su vám` vám`uk ukg g pf pftd tdrm rmgg-icickckcfk fk mg sd dm dm`u `udm dmtr trf f f`rd f`rdhc hctf tfhg hg dm kf pf pfrt rtch chf f hd mf`cacdmtg hdk f`usfhg, pdsd f qud kf vá`tcaf sd trftd hd umf pdrsgmf qud dk f`usfhg trftfjf `gag su pfhrd. ^gr dkkg hdjd `gmschdrfrsd qud su `gmhu`tf sd dmafr`f hdmtrg hdk tcpg hd fsdscmftg hfhg qud dk suldtg f`tuð `gm fkdvgsáf y

 

vdmtflf, rd`urrcdmhg fk dmofög pfrf rdfkczfr dk hdkctg, hdk `ufkjus`fjf gjtdmdr umf vdmtflf d`gmðac`f (Dxp. M¼ 32->6>8-Fafzgmfs5 Dld`. Pup.). Pup.) .

·@ðag sd rdsudkvd dk `gm`ursg dmtrd dk bgac`chcg `fkcic`fhg y dk pfrrc`chcg7 Kf f`tctuh hd fsicxcfr f su admgr d cmhdidmsg bclg fsá `gag dk hds`ufrtczfacdmtg hd su dspgsf pgst aðrtda, hdmgtfm pdkcorgschfh dm dk f`usfhg, rfzðm pgr kf `ufk kf pdmf f capgmd capgmdrsd rsd hdjd orfhufrsd dm ftdm`cðm fk frtá`ukg 89 hdk @ðhco @ðhcog g ^dmfk. Pcdmhg dk hdkctg hd bgac`chcg `fkcic`fhg kg odmãrc`g y dk uxgrc`chcg g pfrrc`chcg kg dspd`áic`g, kf sdmtdm`cf qud `gmhdmf fk prg`dsfhg pgr pfrrc`chcg y kg fjsudkvd pgr  bgac`chcg `fkcic`fhg hdjd sdr cmsujscstdmtd dm dk dxtrdag hd kf fjsgku`cðm (Dxp. M¼ 06?0-38-^umg). 06?0-38-^umg).

·Kff afhr ·K afhrdd qu qudd mg cmtd cmtdrv rvcd cdmd md dm hd hdiidm dmsf sf hd su bclg bclg qu qudd ds dstæ tæ scdm scdmhg hg fsdscmfhg pgr su pfhrd ds `ðapkc`d hdk hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg7 Zdfkczf dk tcpg pdmfk hdk hdkctg hd pfrrc`chcg, dm `fkchfh hd pfrtá`cpd, kf afhrd hdk admgr, qud gjsdrvf f su pfrdlf ‐pfhrd hd dstd‐ fsicxcfrkg y qudjrfrkd dk `udkkg bfstf `fusfrkd kf audrtd, y mg bf`d mfhf pfrf dvctfrkg, pgr dk `gmtrfrcg fyuhf f su `gprg`dsfhg f g`uktfr kfs dvchdm`cfs hdk `rcadm, dmtdrrfmhg dk `fhævdr hdk admgr  dm dk acsag `drrg hgmhd agadmtgs fmtds f`fjfrgm `gm su vchf (Dxp. M¼ 6833->:Xf`mf5 Dld`. Pup.).

 

@GM@KTPCGMDP @gmschdrfags gpgrtumg sdöfkfr qud dm mudstrg pfás au`bgs bgac`chcgs mg sgm `fstcofhgs pgr hcidrdmtds `fusfs, dmtrd dstfs tdmdags< Kgs tdstcogs pgr tdagr fk bgac`chf y hdjchg f kf ifktf hd prgtd``cðm hdk Dstfhg, mg sd cmvgku`rfm hfmhg cmigraf`cgmds g pfrtc`cpfmhg `gag tdstcogs. Kf pgjkf`cðm hd

kgs

buackhds

qud

sgm

kf

afygráf,

mg

tcdmdm

kgs rd`ursgs md`dsfrcgs pfrf `gmtrftfr um judm fjgofhg qud kkdvd su `fsg. Kf pg pgkckc`á `áf f `g `gm m ir ird`u d`udm` dm`cf cf dm dk prg prg`d `dsg sg hd hd hdtd tdmd mdrr dk bg bgac ac`c `chf, hf, kg af aftf tf y `gmschdrfags qud kf audrtd mg ds `fstcog suic`cdmtd, yf qud dk prgpðsctg hdk `ðhcog ds rd`kucr fk `rcacmfk `rcacmfk y qud suirf dstf y sd frrdpcdmtf hd su f``cðm, cm`kusg

 

qud sd rdodmdrf y vudkvf f cmtdorfrsd f kf sg`cdhfh `gag pdrsgmf ütck, yf qud mfhcd tcdmd hdrd`bg f quctfrkd kf vchf f gtrf pdrsgmf. Hdsp Hd spuã uãss hd bf bfjdr jdr cm cmvds vdstctcof ofhg hg hd umf ig igra raf f ac acmu mu`c `cgs gsf f tg tghg hg kg rd rdkft kftcv cvg g fk bgac`chcg, `gmschdrfags gpgrtumg sdöfkfr qud dm mudstrg pfás au`bgs bgac`chcgs mg sgm `fstcofhgs pgr hcidrdmtds `fusfs, dmtrd dstfs tdmdags< 6. Kgs tdstcogs pgr tdagr fk bgac`chf y hdjchg f kf ifktf hd prgtd``cðm hdk Dstfhg, mg sd cmvgku`rfm hfmhg cmigraf`cgmds g pfrtc`cpfmhg `gag tdstcogs. :. Kf pgkc`áf `gm ird`udm`cf dm dk prg`dsg hd hdtdmdr dk bgac`chf, kg aftf y `gmschdrfags qud kf audrtd mg ds `fstcog suic`cdmtd, yf qud dk prgpðsctg hdk `ðhcog ds rd`kucr fk `rcacmfk `rcacmfk y qud suirf dstf y sd frrdpcdmtf hd su f``cðm, cm`kusg qud sd rdodmdrd y vudkvf f cmtdorfrsd f kf sg`cdhfh `gag pdrsgmf ütck, yf qud mfhcd tcdmd hdrd`bg f quctfrkd kf vchf f gtrf pdrsgmf. Dk kdocskfhgr hgacmc`fmg bf tfrhfhg dm aghcic`fr dk @ðhcog ^dmfk, pfrf fhd`ufrkg f kf kfss rd rd`c `cdm dmtd tdss rd rdig igra rafs fs cm cmtr trgh ghu`c u`chfs hfs dm dk scst scstda daf f pr prg`d g`dsf sfkk pd pdmf mfk,k, yf qu qud d acdmt mtrrfs dk dm @ðhcog ^dmfk mfk, sd afmt mtccdmd vcodmtd kgs tãr ãra acmg mgss hd `ráadmds, hdkctgs y `gmtrfvdm`cgmds dm dk @ðhcog ^rg`dsfk ^dmfk, kgs tãracmgs utckczfhgs sgm kgs hd cmirf``cgmds hd f``cðm pdmfk püjkc`f, f``cðm pdmfk f cmstfm`cf prcvfhf y f``cðm prcvfhf purf y scapkdadmtd. Dk hdkctg hd pfrrc`c pfrrc`chcg hcg dm rfzðm hdk pfrdmtds`g g rdkf`cðm, `gmscstd dm kf prcvf`c prcvf`cðm ðm ‛hdk fs`dmhcdmtd g hds`dmhdmtd `gmsfmouámdg dm kámdf rd`tf. Ds cmhcs`utcjkd qud kf sg`cdhfh jflg mcmoüm `gm`dptg pghræ vfkgrfr dm kf acsaf hcadmscðm fk qud aftf f qucdm kd hcg kf vchf, qud f kf pdrsgmf, qud tfk vdz capdhchf pgr aðvckds hd um supudstg bgmgr, prcvf hd kf vchf f su fs`dmhcdmtd5 ds hd`cr kf audrtd g`fscgmfhf f um pfhrd g afhrd. Dstf audrtd qud sd `fusf f um prgodmctgr sc sgm fjgacmfjkds qud vf `gmtrf dk hdrd`bg hd kf vchf.

 

Xrftfr hd hfr umf sgku`cðm f dstd fjgacmfjkd hdkctg, mg ds pgscjkd, `gag surod tfajcãm dm Dstfhgs Tmchgs qud ds dk pfás qud g`upf dk prcadr kuofr f mcvdk aumhcfk hd pfrrc`chcgs, y `gag kg ficrafm Irduh y Fjrfbfasgm ds prgpc`cfhg pgr kf ifktf hd fagr, dk afktrftg y fjusg cmifmtck kg qud kkdvf f kgs `rcacmfkds f `gadtdr  hc`bg hdkctg.

JCJKCGOZFICF 

 Fjfmtg Yæsqudz, Afmudk. ‛Futgráf S ^frtc`cpf`cðm S Kf Xdgráf Hd Kgs Hdkctgs Hd Cmirf``cðm Fk Hdjdr‑, dm Zdvcstf ^dmfk, M¾ 68, lumcg :>>8, pp. 0:0



Jflg Idrmæmhdz, Acoudk. 6323. ‛Afmufk hd hdrd`bg pdmfk‑. ^frtd dspd`cfk (hdkct (hd kctgs gs `gmt `gmtrf rf kfs pdr pdrsgm sgmfs)‑ fs)‑.. Xdr`drf Xdr`drf Dh. Dhctgr Dhctgrcfk cfk `dmtrg `dmtrg hd dstuhc dstuhcgs gs Zfaðm Frd`ds. Afhrch - Dspföf



Jrfagmt Frcfs, Kucs y Jrfagmt- Frcfs tgrrds, Kucs F. 6334 ‛@ðhcog ^dmfk fmgtfhg‑. 6rf Dh. Dhctgrcfk Pfm Afr`gs. Kcaf ‐ ^drü.



@fstckkg Fkvf, Lgsã Kucs. :>>2. ‛Hdrd`bg ^dmfk. ^frtd dspd`cfk C‑. dhctgrf  luráhc`f OZCLKDS DCZK. Kcaf ‐ ^drü.

 



@rdus, @frkgs. :>>8. ‛Hdrd`bg ^dmfk. ^frtd dspd`cfk‑. Xgag C. 4tf Dh. Dhc`cðm f`tufkczfhf. 6rf. Zd. Dhctgrcfk FPXZDF. Judmgs Fcrds ‐ Frodmtcmf. 969 pp.



Hgmmf, Dhofrhg Fkjdrtg. :>>0. ‛Hdrd`bg ^dmfk pfrtd dspd`cfk‑. Xgag C. :hf Dh. F`tufkczfhf. ZTJCMPFK- @TK\GMC dhctgrds. Judmgs Fcrds ‐ Frodmtcmf. ?00 pp.



Acxfm Afss, Ikgrdm`cg. 6390. ‛suprdscðm hd kf hufkchfh pdmfk hdk frtc`ukg 640 y aghcic`f`cðm hdk frtá`ukg 646 hdk @^‑. Xdscs (Jr.) If`uktfh hd Hdrd`bg y @cdm`cfs ^gkátc`fs y Pg`cfkds ‐ Tmcvdrschfh Mf`cgmfk hd Xrulckkg.



Auögz @gmhd, Irfm`cs`g. :>>2. ‛Hdrd`bg ^dmfk. pfrtd Dspd`cfk‑ 68vf Dh. Dhctgrcfk Xcrfmt kg Jkfm`b. Yfkdm`cf ‐ Dspföf.



^döf ^d öf @f @fjr jrdr drf, f, Zfük Zfük.. 63 633: 3: ‛X ‛Xrf rfttfhg fhg hd Hd Hdrd rd`b `bg g ^d ^dmf mfk. k. Ds Dstu tuhc hcg g prgorfaætc`g hd kf pfrtd odmdrfk‑ 0rf Dh. Dhctgrf y hcstrcjuchgrf Luráhc`f



OZCLKDS. Kcaf ‐ ^drü. ^döf @fjrdrf Irdyrd, Fkgmsg Zfük. :>6>. ‛Hdrd`bg ^dmfk. ^frtd Dspd`cfk‑. Xgag C. Dhc`cðm F`tufkczfhf. :hf rd. CHDAPF. Kcaf ‐ ^drü. 2:> pp.



www. spcl.og www.spc l.ogj.p j.pd d ‐ Pcstdaf ^drufmg Hd Cmigraf`cðm Luráhc`f.