Modyul Blg. 3-Pagsulat NG Buod at Sintesis

 

33/0/=1=1

IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

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IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

N`shrbptbgd

Bmbdcecjb sc ignyuf dc btg cdj bmc‒t bmcdj pcjmumugn ct pccdg ictutuogy oudj cdj bscdj mugn cy iceuscy dc dcbscjcwc dj bscdj icy-conc. ^bdctcfcocy nbd cdj sbdt`sbs ct cdj ijc urb dbtg mctcy sc bdbfcobp dc scfbjcdj pcj-ccrcf pcj-ccrcf g fbt`rcturc dj bscdj sufctbd.

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=/81

 

33/0/=1=1

IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

^cmf` gl hgdt`dts 3. QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN 3.3. Qcdbiufc 3.=. Ijc Ocscdcyc Ocscdcycdj dj Qcipcjoctutg 3.8. Qcdbiufcdj Jcwcbd 3.>. OCEPFPJCD C^ OCEBDJBCD DJ MPGN 3.0. OC^CDJBCD DJ ICEPXCR DC MPGN 3.. IJC ECOMCDJ XC QCJXPFC^ DJ XBD^@XBX =.0. Ecfbimcwc dj Xbdt`sbs =.. ^cfcocycd 0. Ijc octcdudjcd /81

 

33/0/=1=1

IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

3.3. Qcdbiufc

 

Xc ogiudbocsygdj bdt`rp`rsgdcf, bsc sc pbdcocicncfcs jcwbd dj ijc ocscdjogt cdj pcjmumugn ct pcjscscic-scic dj ijc bn`yc iufc sc bmc‒t-bmcdj

bipgricsygdj dcpcobdjjcd g dcmcsc. Xc pcobobpcj-ujdcycdj btg dc jbdcjcwc dj tcg, bmbdcmcecjb sc bmc cdj ijc occfcicdj dcfcicd g dcpcj-crcfcd sc pbdcocicncfbdj pcrccd. Ecfbimcwc, oudj dcocrbdbj dj bscdj mcfbtcdj pgsbmf`dj icoccp`otg sc scrbfb ct sc bmcdj tcg, bmbdcmcecjb dctbd sc bmc cdj ijc n`tcfy` sc scrbfbdj pcdcdcfbtc. Icncfcs dc cdj pcjmcmcecjbdj btg cy ebdnb `oscotgdj octufcn dj dcobtc g dcpcobdjjcd, mcjous, btg cy `docpsufcsygd fcicdj dj ocmuucd dj mcfbtc. Nbtg, mcjcicd `docpsufcsygd dc fcicdj, tbdbtbyco dc cdj pbdcocicecfcjcdj n`tcfy` cy dcpcpcscic dcdj sc jcygd cy icpcdctbfb cdj ocmuucdj i`dsce`dj dcbs bpcrctbdj dj mcfbtc.  

Xcicdtcfc, icrcibdj ijc pcjococtcgd pcjococtcgdj j cdj ogds`ptg dj ogiudbocsygd ogiudbocsygd cy ocbfcdjcdj ocbfcdjcdj tcfcocybd g bmcecjb bmcecjb dj ijc pcrtbhbpcdt pcrtbhbpcdt jcibt jcibt cdj bmc‒t bmcdj ijc

occfcicd dc dcjiuiufc sc bmc‒t bmcdj ecdjucd. Xc jcdbtgdj pcjococtcgd, ebdnb fcicdj ocbfcdjcdj icmugn cdj ijc bn`yc iufc sc ijc ecdjucdj btg, oudnb ocbfcdjcd nbdj icpcj-ujdcy-ujdcy icpcj-ujdc y-ujdcy cdj ijc bn`ycdj btg upcdj icocmug dcdj ics icfbdcw dc bdt`rpr`tcsygd bdt`rpr`tcsyg d g oceufujcd. Cdj pcj-uujdcy-ujdcy dc btg cy icecfcjc, scpcjoct sbdbsbocp dc icobtc dj ijc pcrtbhbpcdt g ocscdjogt sc ogiudbocsygd cdj r`fcsygd dj ijc bn`yc. Cdj r`fcsygdj btg tufcn dj pcjococtufcn, pcjococbmc, pcjococscfudjct sc bn`yc, scdeb, mudjc ct bmc pc cdj sbycdj fcfgdj dcjpcpcfbdcw sc ocmuucdj i`dsce`dj bmbdcmcecjb sc ogiudbocsygd.  

Icfcy icd g ebdnb cdj ijc ocscdjogt sc ogiudbocsygd dc ocdbfcdj mbdumugn cdj ijc bn`yc ct ocfcudc‒y pbdcjscscic-s cic pcrc sc ics icmbscdj

pcjpcpcecycj, pcjpcpcec ycj, bscdj icmutbdj mcjcy dc ictutudcd btg dj mcwct bdnbmbnwcf. Qcscfbtc icd g pcsufct cdj ogiudbocsygd, ncpct tcdnccd dc icjcjcibt cdj ncfcwcdj prgs`sgdj btg pcrc sc pcjpcpcecycj.  

Xc fcrcdjcdj cocn`ibog, ocrcdbwcd cdj pcjscscjcwc sc ijc btg sc ijc grcf dc nbsoursg, fcfg dc sc ijc pcsufct dc nbsoursg. Ecfbimcwc, pcjocmcsc dj

bscdj t`ostg. Btbdctcdgdj dj jurg oudj cdg-cdg cdj ijc dctcdnccd ct dctutudcd dbdyg. Xc sbtwcsygdj btg, ocyg cy dcjfcfcecn dj ijc n`tcfy` dj crcfbdj tbdcfcocy sc ofcs`. Ncebf ococudtb fcicdj cdj grcs g `spcsygdj dcocfccd pcrc btg cy tujudcd, cdj ijc icecfcjcdj n`tcfy` dc fcicdj cdj bdbfcfcecn, ebdnb mc7 Jcygd nbd, icccrb rbdj btcdgdj oudj cdg cdj pcjococujdcy-ujdcy dj bmc‒t bmcdj ijc ogds`ptgdj mbdcsc g pbdcj-crcfcd. Xc jcygd dcicdj sbtwcsygd, bpbdcfbfbwcdcj dbdyg oudj cdg cdj ijc pcjococtufcn g pcjococbmc dj ijc dcpcj-crcfcdj ogds`ptg. Icccrb rbdj pbdcj-ujdcy-ujdcy cdj ijc bygd mctcy sc bipfbocsygd dj bscdj ogds`ptg sc bsc.  

Xc fcrcdjcdj cocn`ibog, ics obfcfc cdj ncfcwcdj prgs`sgdj btg mbfcdj pcjmumugn ct pcjsbsbdt pcjsbsbdt`sbs. `sbs.

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IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

3.=. Ijc Ocscdcycdj Qcipcjoctutg Xc octcpuscd dj crcfbd, cdj ijc icj-ccrcf cy bdccscecdj; c. Dcbmbmbjcy cdj ijc ecomcdjbd sc pcjmumugn m. Dcbpcfbfbwcdcj cdj cdj ocecfcjcecd dj crcfbdj crcfbdj tbdcfcocy h. Dcocsusufct dj bscdj icocmufuecdj mugn dj bscdj conc  

ettps;//o-3=.d`u.`nu.pe/ign/mggo/tggf/prbdt/bdn`x.pep7bn985

. OCEPFPJCD C^ OCEBDJBCD DJ MPGN

 

Cdj mugn cy tcfc dj bscdj bdnbmbnwcf, sc scrbfb dbycdj pcdcdcfbtc, uogf sc ocdycdj ijc dcrbdbj g dcmcscdj crtboufg, mcfbtc, cofct, pcdcyci, bsyu, dcpcj-

uscpcd ct bmc pc. Bmbj scmbebd, icccrbdj icjsufct g icjpcecycj dj mugn dj b scdj dcocsufct dc conc g dj igrcf dc pcecycj. Xc pccrcfcd, ocrcdbwcdj jbdcjcwcd dj mugn cdj ijc ow`dtgdj mbdcsc, mcfbtcdj dcpcobdjjcd, bsyudj t bdutuocd, pcdcdcfbosbo dc pbdcj-crcfcd, pcfcmcs dc sbdumcymcycd, p`fboufcdj pbdcdggn g fbosygdj pbdcobdjjcd. Ocrcdbwcdj bpbdcjcjcwc btg dj jurg upcdj icsbjurgdj dctcdnccd dj bscdj icj-ccrcf cdj ijc n`tcfy` dj dcmcsc g dcpcobdjjcd ct upcdj icsuoct oudj dcudcwccd cdj ijc btg.  btg.   Xcicdtcfc, dcjcjcibt dcicd dj ijc prgp`sygdcf cdj pcjmumuogn sc ocdbfcdj pcj-uufct sc trcmceg, fbeci pcdjd`jgsyg, ngoui`dtcsygd ct bmc pc. Xc pcicicjutcd dj ijc btg, ics icncfb ct `pbsy`dt`dj dcbtutufcy dcbtutufcy sc bmc cdj ijc i`dsce`dj jujujgf dj icecmcdj pcdcegd pcdcegd oudj bfcfcecn dcdj mug. Bpbdcobobtc dbtg, oudj jcygd, cdj ecfcjc dj prgs`sg dj pcjmumugn ct ococycecdj icjmugn dj bscdj prgp`sygdcf dc bdnbmbnwcf sc pcjjcdcp sc ocdycdj tudjoufbd. Dcbpcpcobtc rbd dbtg dc ebdnb fcicdj dctctcpgs sc jcwcbdj cocn`ibog cdj pcjmumugn mbfcdj jcwcbd.  

Dcjtcfc sbdc Xwcf`s ct L`ct L`ct (322>) dj tctfgdj icebjpbt dc pcdjcdjcbfc pcdjcdjcbfcdjcd djcd sc pcjsufct dj bscdj mugn g suiicry . Cdj tctfgdj pcdjcdjc pcdjcdjcbfcdjcdj bfcdjcdj btg cy

sbyc rbdj r`pf`osygd dj ijc icrcpct dc tcjfcybd dj bscdj sufctbdj mugn. 3. Ocbfcdjcdj cdj bscdj mugn cy tuictcfcocy sc ocmuucd dj grbebdcf dc t`ostg.  Icecfcjc dc icsbjurgdj dcbececycj nbd dj mugn cdj ocmuucd dj grbebdcf dc t`ostg. Mcjcict mugn btg, icrcpct fcicdj dc cdj ijc nctgs g n`tcfy`dj icecfcjc icecfcjc cy icobobtc pc rbd sc mugn. Ocbfcdjcdj cdj ocmuucdj i`dsce`dj icououec sc pcjmcsc g pcobobdbj dj bscdj mugdj t`ostg cy sbyc rbdj i`dsce`dj icououec ocpcj dcmcsc g dcpcobdjjcd cdj mugn dbtg. Bmbj scmbebd, ncpct ocycdj becycj dj mugn cdj ocmuucdj i`dsce`dj bdbecectbn dj t`ostgdj pbdcjiufcd dbtg. =. Ocbfcdjcdj dcbfcfcecn cdj sufctbd sc pcicicrccdj dyutrcf g wcfcdj obdbobfbdjcd. Ncebf cdj mugn cy iufbdj pcjpcpcecycj fcicdj dj i`dsce` dj grbebdcf dc t`ostg, ocbfcdjcdj gme`tbmg cdj fcpbt nbtg. Dcdjcdjce Dcdjcdjceufujcdj ufujcdj cdj sufctbdj mugn cy ncpct ebdnb icjfcicd dj pcdcdcw dj suiusufct dbtg. Ebdnb rbd bt g juicjcwc dj crjui`dtcsygd g cdg icdj urb dj pcj-cdcfbsc sc ijc n`tcfy`dj bmbdbjcy dj grbebdcf dc t`sotg. ^cdjbdj pcjfcfcecn fcicdj dc ebdnb ebdcecfucd dj p`rsgdcf dc pcjtctcyc, pcdcdcw g pcjsusurb cdj ocbfcdjcdj icobtc sc dcmugdj mugn. 8. Ocbfcdjcdj cdj sufctbd cy pbdcbofbdj m`rsygd dj grbebdcf ct dcbsufct btg sc scrbfbdj pcdcdcfbtc dj juicwc. juicwc. Jcibtbd cdj scrbfbdj pcdcdcfbtc sc pcjsufct dj mugn dj bscdj conc. Mcjcict icccrbdj jcibtbd cdj ibsigdj ijc scfbtc dj cwtgr dj grbebdcf dc conc, ics iceuscy dc jcibtbd cdj scrbfbdj pcjpcpcecycj sc ijc n`tcfy`dj bscscic sc mugn. ^cdnccd fcicdj dc oudj scrbfbdj pcdcdcfbtc cdj jcjcibtbd, tbycobdj btg rbd cdj oceufujcdj bpbdcmcmctbn dj grbebdcf dc t`ostg. Xc pcjjcibt dj scrbfbdj pcdcdcfbtc sc pcjmumugn, ics dcjococrggd nbd dj fcyc dc icpcbosb cdj dbfcfcicd dc sbyc dcicdj bscdj fcyudbd ocpcj dcjscscjcwc dj pcjmumugn. Ncpct sbocpbdj icmug cdj bscdj mugn dc nb- ecico dc icbosb djudbt dcjfcfcicd dj ocmuucdj i`dsce` dj grbebdcf dc t`ostg.

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IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

3.0. OC^CDJBCD DJ ICEPXCR DC MPGN

 

Xc cocn`ibogdj cocn`ibogdj pcjsufct, pcjsufct, bmc-bmc cdj fcpbt dc icccrbdj jcibtbd upcdj icbfcecn dcdj dcdj iccygs iccygs cdj bscdj sufctbd. sufctbd. Xc ocsg dj dj pcjsufct pcjsufct dj mugn, ncpct ncpct

tcdnccd dj juicjcwc dbtg cdj ijc suiusudgn dc octcdjbcdj ncpct tcjfcybd dj bscdj iceuscy dc mugn.  mugn.   3. Dcjtctcjfcy dj gme`tbmgdj mcfcdjocs dj grbebdcf dc t`sotg. Cdj t`sotg.  Cdj mugn cy ncpct suicscjgt sc ijc pcdjudcebdj octcdudjcd tufcn dj Xbdg, Cdg, Xccd, Ocbfcd, Mcobt ct Qccdg. Ecfbimcwc, cdg cdj pcdjudcebdj bn`yc dj t`sotg7 Cdg-cdg cdj ijc pcdtufgdj dc bn`yc 7 Cdg-cdg cdj ijc pcdjudcebdj `mbn`dsyc7 Bycd cy bfcd sc ijc octcdudjcdj ncpct icscjgt sc bscdj mugn. Ncpct scdjjudbbd fcjb cdj grbebdcf dc t`ostg. Icjbdj sc tbtufg cy ncpct dc mcdjjbtbdj mugn btg dj conc. Icccrb rbd bfcjcy sc tcfcmcmc g lggtdgt` dc cdj sufctbd cy mugn fcicdj dj bscdj pcrtboufcr dc conc. =. Ebdnb dcjmbmbjcy dj scrbfbdj b n`yc g orbtbsbsig. Xc orbtbsbsig. Xc pcjsufct dj mugn, tcdjbdj cdj ijc bipgricsygdj dcsc grbebdcf dc t`sotg cdj ncpct dc bscic. Ebdnb ncpct ncjncjncd btg dj pcdscrbfbdj bn`yc g dj orbtbsbsig dj dcjsusufct. Mcjcict icccrbdj tcic cdj ijc bn`yc dj orbtbsbsigdj bncrcjncj, ebdnb ebdbebdjb dj mugn cdj jcdbtgdj ijc n`tcfy`. Icncfcs dc cdj ijc jcdbtgdj pcjncrcjncj pcjncrcjncj cy dcbscic sc ijc pcjsusurb ct sbdt`sbs. 8. Ebdnb dcjscscic dj ijc ecfbimcwc, n`tcfy`, g bipgricsygd bipgricsygdj j wcfc sc grbebdcf dc t`ostg. Cdj t`ostg. Cdj pcjscscic dj ijc ecfbimcwc g bfustrcsygd upcdj fcfgdj icpcfbdcw cdj i`dsce`dj bmbdcmcecjb dj bscdj sufctbd cy bscdj iceuscy dc ecomcdj, sumcfbt sc ocsg dj bscdj mugn cy ebdnb btg ocbfcdjcd. ^cdjbdj ebdbebdjb sc jcdbtgdj urb dj sufctbd cy cdj pcjfcfcecn dj ijc icececfcjcdj bipgricsygdj bipgricsygdj dcmcdjjbt sc bscdj conc sc ics icbofb ct sc octufcn dc fbdcw dj grbebdcf. Oudj jcygd, ocbfcdjcdj icpcj-bsbpcd icpcj-bsbpcd btg dcdj icmutb ncebf icy fbibtcsygd cdj ecmc dj ijc pcecycj dc jcjcibtbd. Bpbdcobobtc dbtg dc cdj pcjsufct dj bscdj mugn cy ebdnb ocsbdncfb dj ctbdj dcbbsbp, scpcjoct bdccscecdj icbececycj cdj ocmuucdj i`dsce` dj bscdj concdj ogipr`e`dsbmgdj dctcfcocy sc bscdj icbofbdj sufctbd fcicdj. >. Juicjcibt dj ijc susbdj scfbtc. Xc scfbtc.  Xc pcjsufct dj bscdj mugn, ncpct jcibtbd cdj ijc susbdj scfbtc sc jbdcjcibt sc grbebdcf dc t`ostg. Cdj ijc susbdj scfbtc cy cdj ijc pcdjudcebdj ogds`ptg dc pbdcjtutuudcd dj t`sotg. Oudj iufbdj icmcmcdjjbt cdj ijc btg sc mugn, ics icyrggdj ocsbjuruecdj icbpcpccfci sc dcjmcmcsc g dcobobdbj dbtg cdj ijc pcdjudcebdj tugd dj pbdcjiufcdj t`ostg. 0. Juicjcibt dj scrbfbdj pcdcdcfbtc djudbt dcpcdcdctbfb cdj grbebdcf dc i`dsce`. Oudj pcrc sc p`rsgdcf dc pcdjcdjcbfcdjcd cdj mugn, icfcobdj tufgdj dc btg cy dcbecycj sc scrbfbdj pcdcdcfbtc. Ncebf nbtg, ebjbt btgdj dcuudcwc dcuudcwccd cd dj suiufct. Xumcfbt ocebt ebdnb btg pcrc sc p`rsgdcf dc pcdjcdjcbfcdjcd, pcdjcdjcbfcdjcd, cdj pcjjcibt dj scrbfbdj pcdcdcfbtc cy icoctutufgdj dj icfcob upcdj icbecycj cdj octufcn dc i`dsce` iufc sc grbebdcf dc t`sotg sc ics icbofbdj pcecycj. Mbdbmbjycdj Mbdbmbjycdj pcjococtcgd nbd dbtg dc icjbdj icfboecbd sc pcjpcpcecycj cdj suiusufct, scpcjoct ocbfcdjcd ocbfcdj cd dbycdj becycj cdj octufcn dc i`dsce` sc pcrccdj bmc sc grbebdcf.

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IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

3.. Oudj juicibt dj udcdj pcdcuecd (ecf. cog) cdj cwtgr, pcfbtcd btg dj ocdycdj cp`fybng, dj Cdj icdudufct, g sbyc. Bpbdcpcobtc dbtg dc cdj dcjmumugn cy bmc sc ibsigdj suiufct g dcjecycj dj grbebdcf dc conc. Cdj pcjjcibt dj boctfgdj pcdcuecd g tebrn p`rsgd dc p`rsp`otbmg cy dcjpcpcobtc rbd dj pcjbjbdj gme`tbmg ct ebdnb p`rsgdcf dc ijc pcecycj sc mugn. 0. Bsufct cdj mugn. Oudj mugn. Oudj obdcocbfcdjcd, icccrbdj sbiufcd sbiuf cd cdj mugn sc bscdj pcecycj dc icjpcpcobfcfc sc cwtgr ct sc ibsigdj concdj mbdumugn. Icccrb rbdj bscic oudj sccd dcouec cdj conc ct oudj ocbfcd btg dcbfbimcj. Iufc rbtg tutudjg sc pcjfcfcecn dj dbfcfcicd dj ibsigdj conc. Mcjcic‒t btg cdj trcnbsyudcf dc cdyg, icccrb rbd dcicdj nbr`otcdj bmugn cdj conc dcdj ebdnb dc mbdcmcdjjbt cdj ijc dcturcdj n`tcfy`. N`p`dn` sc ocebdjbcd dj sbtwcsygd, cfbd icd sc ncfcwcdj btg cy icccrbdj icccrbdj jcibtbd.

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IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

3.:. Ecfbimcwc dj Mugn

 

Icobobtc cdj bscdj bscdj ecfbimcwc dj mugn mugn dj boctfgdj boctfgdj mcecjb dj cofct cofct dc icy pcicjct dc te` te` Hrcrlt &Hgdt`xt gl ^rcdsfctbgd ^rcdsfctbgd ct bd`nbt bd`nbt dbdc Zbffbci Crrgwsibte Crrgwsibte

ct ]gj`r Xecttuho. Bdbfbimcj btg dggdj 3203 dj ^e` Pdbv`rsbty gl ^`xcs Qr`ss pcrc sc Euicdbtb`s ]`s`crhe H`dt`r dj Pdbv`rsbty gl ^`xcs sc @stcngs Pdbngs. Mbdbjycd btg dj Fbmrcry gl Hgdjr`ss Hctcfgj Hcrn Duim`r ) \bh`dzg Hcrncr`ffb (0) ]bhcrng Mche`ffb () Jbrgjbg Mcsscrb ct (30) Jbgvcddb ^`stgrb.  

Qcdjeufb, cdj ijc tufc db Fubs N` Jgdjgrc dcicd cy bscdj iceuscy dc pcosc sc pcjscscfbd pcrc sc pcdufccdj @spcdygf. Ocscic rbd cdj ijc gmrc

dbdc Jc`ngs, Fgrhc, Ichecng, Ngrbg ct Mgrj`s sc ecdcy dj ijc pcjpbpbfbcd. Cdj ijc bsbdufct dcicd dbdc Lrb`nrbhe Xhef`j`f ct @nucrn Igrbo` cy bfcd sc ijc gmrcdj ncpct pcjfccdcd dj pcdcegd sc pcdbtbocdj Cf`icdyc.

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IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

3.5. ^concdj Crcfbd

Qbdnutbd cdj bice` upcdj icscjutcd cdj tconcdj crcfbd

 

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IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

3.2. ]umrbos

Qbdnutbd cdj bice` upcdj icobtc cdj rumrbos

 

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IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

=. QCJXPFC^ DJ XBD^@XBX

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3>/81

 

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IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

=.3. Ijc Ocscdcycdj Qcipcjoctutg Xc pcjtctcpgs dj crcfbd, cdj ijc icj-ccrcf cy bdccscecdj; c. Dcbmbmbjcy cdj oceufujcd ct cdyg dj b scdj sbdt`sbs m. Dcbfcfcecn cdj cimcj cimcj dj sbdst`sbs sc ebjbt pcdj icfcfbicdj icfcfbicdj pcjsusurb dj conc h. Dcocmumug dj bscdj sbdt`sbs dj ijc concdj dcpbfb

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IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

=.=. OCEPFPJCD C^ CDRG DJ XBD^@XBX

 

Xbdcscmbdj icjbdj sc pcjebdjc dj tcg cy dcjocrggd dcjocrggd dj dj pcj- uujdcy uujdcy.. Xc pcjebdjc, dcjococrggd dj ijc ogd`osbygd sc ijc sbst`icdj dcpcpcfggm dcpcpcfggm sc

octcwcd. Dcbececfbdtufcn sc jcdbtgdj prgs`sg cdj pcjmumug dj tbdctcwcj dc sbdt`sbs .  Xc pbdcocmctcycdj cdtcs, cdj sbdt`sbs cy pcjscscic dj ncfcwc g ebjbt pcdj mugn. Btg cdj pcjjcwc dj ogd`osbygd sc pcjbtcd dj ncfcwc g ebjbt pcdj conc g sufctbd. Cdj sbdt`sbs cy icy ocujdcycd, djudbt ebdnb octufcn dj ofcsbpbocsygd, nbmbsygd, ogipcrbsgd ogipcrbsgd g ogdtrcst. Fbmcd sc pcjmbmbjcy- tugd sc bmc't bmcdj oct`jgryc ct pcjececdcp sc pcjococtufcn pcjococbmc dj ijc ogds`ptgdj dcpcpcfggm nbtg, cdj sbdt`sbs cy cdj pcjscscic-scic dj bmc't bmcdj ijc conc upcdj icocmug dj bscdj concdj dcocpcj- uujdcy sc dbfcfcicd dj ijc btg. Xc cocn`ibogdj fcrcdjcd, cdj sbdt`sbs cy icccrbdj dcsc cdygdj dcjpcpcfbwcdcj g `xpfcdctgry sydte`sbs , crjui`dtctbmg g crjui`dtctbv` syte`sbs . 3. Cdj `xpfcdctgry sydte`sbs  cy   cy bscdj sufctbdj dcjfcfcygdj tufudjcd cdj dcjmcmcsc g dcobobdbj dc fcfgdj icuudcwccd cdj ijc mcjcy dc tbdctcfcocy. Bpbdcfbfbwcdcj Bpbdcfb fbwcdcj cdj pcosc sc pcicicjbtcd dj pcjecectbn sc pcosc sc ocdycdj ijc mcecjb ct bdbfcfce bdbfcfcecn cn btg sc bscdj icfbdcw ct iccygs dc pcicicrccd. Juicjcibt btg dj n`sorbpsbygd g ijc pcjfcfcrcwcd dc iufbdj muiumug dj sbdt`sbs. =. Xc ocmbfcdj mcdnc, cdj crjui`dtctbv` sydte`sbs  cy   cy icy fcyudbdj icjfcecn dj pcdcdcw dj suiusufct dbtg. Xbdusupgrtcecd cdj ijc pcdcdcw dc btg cdj ijc icoctgtgecdcdj bipgricsygd dc ecdjg sc bmc't bmcdj ijc scdjjudbcd dc dcbfcecn sc pcrccdj fgebocf.

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3. IJC ECOMCDJ XC QCJXPFC^ DJ XBD^@XBX

 

^gtggdj ebdnb ebdnb icncfb cdj pr`pcrcsygd pr`pcrcsygd ct pcjsufct dj bscdj sbdt`sbs. Xc bscdj mcjuecd g ebdnb pc jccdgdj jccdgdj jcicy jcicy cdj pcjsufct dj dj jcdbtgdj urb dj

cocn`ibogdj sufctbd, icoctutufgdj cdj pcjsudgn sc bfcdj sbipf`dj ecomcdj sc pcjsufct dbtg. Zcfgdj ecomcdj cdj bpbdcduocfc sc crtboufgdj ‖Egw tg Zrbt` c  Xydte`sbs’  dc  dc obdcmbmbfcdjcd dj ijc suiusudgn;  suiusudgn;  

3. FBDCZBD CDJ FCRPDBD XC QCJXPFC^. QCJXPFC^. Pdc sc fcect, icecfcjcdj icjbdj icfbdcw cdj tudjuebd dj pcjsufct dj sbdt`sbs. Ncpct icscjgt cdj tcdgdj dc oudj mcobt btg susufctbd. Qcrc sccd mc btg7 Oudj icfbdcw cdj fcyudbd sc pcjsufct, icpcjpcpcsycecdj icpcjpcpcsycecdj icmutb cdj cdyg ct urb dj sbdt`sbs dc mumuubd ct ncebf nbtg, icjcjcipcdcd dj sufctbd cdj ocdycdj fcyudbd. =. QPIBFB DJ IJC DCCCRGDJ XCDJJPDBCD MC^CR XC FCRPDBD C^ MCXCEBD DCDJ ICMP^B CDJ IJC B^G . Oudj icfbdcw cdj f cyudbd sc pcjsufct dj sbdt`sbs, icjbjbdj icncfb cdj pcjpbfb ct pcjececd pcjececdcp cp dj ijc scdjjudbcd pcrc icmug btg. 8. MPPBD CDJ ^@XBX DJ XPFC^BD. XPFC^BD . ^bycobd cdj t`sbs dj sbdt`sbs dc jcjcwbd. Btg cdj pcdjudcebdj bn`yc dj bsusufct. Becycj btg jcibt cdj mugdj pcdjudjuscp. >. MPIPG DJ QFCDG XC G]JCDBXCXRGD DJ XPFC^BD. XPFC^BD. Icjecdnc dj mcfcdjocs dc susudncd sc pcjsufct dj sbdt`sbs. Cdj mcfcdjocs dc btg cy dcoccygd sc bmc't bmcdj ijc t `odbo dc pcjn`m`fgp dj sbdt`sbs. Ocscic sc ijc t`odbo dc btg cdj pcjmumugn, pcjjcibt dj ecfbimcwc g bfustrcsygd, pcjncncebfcd, strcwicd  t`hedbqu` , ogds`sygd, ogipcrbsgd ct ogdtrcst. Jbdcjcibt cdj ijc btg sc suiusudgn; c. Cdj pcjmumugn pcjmumugn cy  cy pbdcocsbipf` ct nb- ogipfbocng ogipfbocngdj dj pcrccd dj pcjsufct dj sbdt`sbs. m. Cdj pcjmbmbjcy ecfbimcwc g ecfbimcwc g pcjjcibt dj bfustrcsygd dcicd cy bscdj t`odbo dc jbdcjcibt sc pcicicjbtcd dj pcjtuogy sc bscdj pcrtboufcr dc ecfbimcwcdj bdbfcecn sc bscdj scdjjudbcd g dj bscdj bfustrcsygd dc jbdcibt nbtg.^bycobd fcicdj dc icbfcfcjcy cdj pbdcjiufcd dbtg upcdj icfbdcw dc icobtc oudj sbdg cdj dcjscmb g sccd dcdjjcfbdj. pcjncncebfcd.. Xc t`odbo dc btg, bdbececycj cdj t`sbs ct bdbbsc-bsc cdj ijc ncebfcd oudj mcobt btg h. Xcicdtcfc, bscdj `p`otbmgdj pcicicrccd cdj fcpbt dc pcjncncebfcd cy tgtgg g icecfcjc. Jbdcjcwc btg sc pcicicjbtcd dj pcjfcfcecn dj bipgricsygd ct n`tcfy`dj sususupgrtc sc pcdbdbdnbjcdj bdbececrcp. Ics icocmumutb oudj bscsccygs cdj ijc rcsgd sc pcrccdj fgebocf. Ecfbimcwc, cdj pcjeueufb sc pbdcocicmbjct dc ncebfcd upcdj mbjycdj- nbbd dc btg cdj pbdcocicecfcjc sc fcect dj ncebfcdj mbdcdjjbt. n. Bscdj nb-pcdjocrcdbwcdj t`odbo dcicd cdj strcwicd . Xc t`odbo dc btg, bdbfcfcecn cdj bscdj crjui`dtgdj ogdtrc-t`sbs, djudbt sbd`s`judncecd sbd`s`judncecd cjcn btg dj pcjfcfcecn sc ocebdccd dj dcscmbdj crjui`dtg. Xc pcrccdj btg, cdj ogdtrc-t`sbs nbd cy bpcpcwcfcdj-scyscy. Icecfcjc btg scpcjoct dcbpcpcobtc dbtg cdj pcjbjbdj icfcy g hgdshbgus  dj   dj suiusufct sc scfudjct dc pcdcdcw djudbt dcbpcpcobtc rbd dbtg cdj ocecdnccdj scjutbd cdj dcturcdj ocscfudjctcd g ocebdccd. 0. BXPFC^ CDJ MP]CNG]. MP]CNG]. Jcibt cdj dcpbfbdj t`odbo, bsufct cdj udcdj murcngr dj sbdt`sbs. ^cdnccd ^cdnccd fcicdj dc icjbdj pf`osbmgf sc scrbfb. Mcjcict icy dcocpfcdgdj mcfcdjocs, oudj dcpcjtcdtgdj icy icecfcjcdj pcjmcmcjg dc ncpct jcwbd sc mcfcdjocs cy ncpct bpcjpctufgy btg upcdj icbscic cdj ijc pudtgdj dcbs ictcfcocy. dc `f`osygd. Dc cdj jumct cdj

Qbfbpbdcs, dc cdj ecygp sc jumct cy cdj ijc Qbfbpbdg ct cdj ijc pfcdg db ^gdj pcrc sc jumct cdj ocbfcdjcdj jcwbd dj icjbjbdj Qcdjufg dj ctbdj mcdsc pcrc icbcegd cdj bmcdj Qbfbpbdg iufc sc ocicdjicdjcd ct ocebrcpcd. Xcnycdj sc ijc tcgdj =118 pcmcmc cy fcjcdcp cdj ijc prgmf`ic dc dcbsccn sc ouw`dtg, p`rg sc pcjncfgy dj pcdcegd cy udtb-udtb rb d dcibdj uiuudfcn cdj fbpudcd dj Qbfbpbdcs. Mcmcscebdj ^bduogy; Gdj, Mgm. Cfcict dj jumct. Qcscy Hbty, \bsprbdt, Bdh., =118. ‖Cfcict dj Jumct.’ Zbobp`nbc, Zbobi`nbc Lgudnctbgd, =< Kufy =13:, `d.i.wbobp`nbc.grj/wbob/CfcictWdjWJu `d.i.wbobp`nbc.grj/wbob/CfcictWdjWJumct. mct. Chh`ss`n 3= X`pt. =13:. Icygf, Cngr \bdh`dt X. ‖Zgicd wcdt`n bd Ibdncdcg lgr euicd trclffihobdj dcmm`n bd H`mu.’ H`mu Ncbfy D`ws, =< Kcd. =13:, h`muncbfyd` h`muncbfyd`ws.bdqubr`r ws.bdqubr`r.d`t/3=10:).’ Djudbt ebdnb icbbwcscd cdj ijc d`jctbmgdj ogi`dtg ncebf sc mbjfcmbjfc dc pcjmcjg dj Qr`sbn`dt`. ^ufcn dj ijc icicicycd cy ebdnb scdj-cygd sc ijc n`sbsygd dc bpbdcpctupcn ncebf dcdbdbwcfc pcrbd sc nctbdj Qr`sbn`dt`.  

Mbdbmbjycdj-nbbd db Fcpcnbncy Fcpcnbncy dc ‖cdj ‖cdj Euouicd Euouicd cy tuiutuogy sc bscdj bscdj bsyu bsyu sc sc pufbtboc pufbtboc mbfcdj mbfcdj ijc ijc tcdgdj tcdgdj dc oudj oudj sccd sccd dc dcsc dcsc bfcfbi dj Xcfbjcdj-Mctc Xcfbjcdj-Mctcs. s.

Ncpct cy pcjpcpcsycecd dj ijc tcg sc mcwct scrbfbdj ococycecd, g tudjogf sc oudj sccd cdj mugdj cwtgrbncn dj pcjpcpcsyc cy bpbdcjocfggm sc f`jbsfctbv`  g  g `x`hutbv` mrcdhe  dj   dj pcicecfccd. Btg cy dcmcmcecfc sc ijc bsyu dc dcocscfcfcy sc ocrududjcd ct ebdnb fcicdj sc f`jcfbncn dj bscdj pcrtboufcr dc pcduocfc(Mfgj pcduocfc(Mfgjspgt).’ spgt).’  

Xc t`ostgdj t`ostgdj ‖Cfcict dj Jumct’ Jumct’ cy jbdcjcibt cdj ijc ecygp mbfcdj bscdj ocrcot`r upcdj icy icfbdcw dc bdt`rpr`tcsygd. Dcjpcpcobtc nbtg dc dc cdj cdj fcect fcect

dj ijc ecygp cy ebdcecdjcn dc icjbdj ecrb sc jumct upcdj icy ocpcdjycrbecd sc pcicicfcocn ct pcjn`n`sbsygd.

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IGNRPF MFJ. 8-QCJXPFC^ DJ MPGN C^ XBD^@XBX

 

Djudbt, cdj pcjbjbdj ecrb g fbn`r cy cy ebdnb bscdj grnbdcryg dc tudjoufbd. Btg cy cy icy icy ocfcobp dc r`spgdsbmbfbnc r`spgdsbmbfbncn n ct ct pcicicrccd pcicicrccd dj pcicicfcoc pcicicfcocn. n. Ebdnb Ebdnb

icbbwcscd sc fcmbs dc pcjececdjcn dj ocpcdjycrbecd cy icocjcjcwc dj icscicdj pcjobfgs ct oudj pccdg btg bsbdcjcwc.  

Btg cy bscdj icfudjogt dc pcdjycycrb dc bim`s cdj ecrb g fbn`r cdj icdjudjudc sc ijc jcwcbd ct jcjcmcy sc ijc icicycd cy ebdnb btg cdj dcjbdj

pcjscscfcibd sc tudjoufbd. Ics bduudc cdj scrbfbdj ocpcocdcd ocysc sc tudjoufbd dc ocbfcdjcdj jcipcdcd. Ncebf nbtg, ebdnb dc icjocudcwccd cdj ijc tcg ct ebdnb dc `p`otbmg cdj ijc pcduocfc dc bpbdcpctupcn bpbdcpctupcn.. Mcmcscebdj ^bdutuogy; Jcrhbc, Ncdt` M. ‖Dgt`s ‖Dgt`s gl c Lbf-Ci `f`htbgd gms`rv`r gms`rv`r.’ .’ Bdqubr`r Jfgmcf  

Dctbgd Dgt`s gl gl c LbfCi `f`htbgd gms`rv`r gms`rv`r Hgii`dts, Hgii`dts,

jfgmcfdctbgd.bdqubr`r.d`t/:> jfgmcfdctbgd.bdqu br`r.d`t/:>2 dc tbdcjurbcdj ‖pcjocbd sc scrbfb dbtgdj suoc’ sc ocncebfcdcd ocncebfcdcdj j pcdncrcycdj pcdncrcycdj cdgicfyc dc

dcjcdcp ct sc pcjmbfcdj dj mgtg, fuicmcs sc r`suftc dc cdj pbdcdjjcfbdjcd sc ijc ogdsbst`dj mgtg cy dcjiufc sc ijc ‖tcgdj icy ictccs cdj cdtcs sc `stcng dj fbpudcd’ dc oudj fcpctcd dj pcj-ccdcfbsc cy, pcr`egdj cdj ocdnbnctg ct ijc icmgmgtg dbtg cy ‖dcjococbdcd dj suoc’.(Fbdcdtun p8-p31) Xc icncfbdj scfbtc, ijc tcgdj dcjscscmwctcd sc fbogn dj ijc scimcycdcd dc cdj pcjocjcdbn sc ocpcdjycrbecd cy dcjtufco dj pcdncrcyc dc uicmgt sc pudtgdj pcjococbdcd pcjococbdcd dj suoc dj bsc‒t bsc.  

Xc s`dcryg s`dcryg dcicd dj pcjtbtbpgd pcjtbtbpgd dj ijc ijc bds`otg bds`otg pcrc sc ‖@f`osbygd’ ‖@f`osbygd’ sc pcjpbfb pcjpbfb dj ecrb ecrb sc jumct, icmbmbjycdj pcdsbd cdj cjcrcdj pcjfbpct dj ijc ijc fcdjcw fcdjcw

dc dggd pc icd cy ocscdjjc db tbpcofgdj, ictcpgs mbjycd dj suegf db oud`eg dc icbececfbdtufcn sc ocjcdcpcdj pcdncrcyc dj cnibdbstrcsygd dggdj =11> g ics obfcfc mbfcdj ‖E`ffg Jcrhb Xhcdncf’. Btg cy bscdj ‖tcp`’ dc icmbfbscdj ouicfct dggdj pcdcegd dj `f`osbygd dj tcgdj =11> dc oudj sccd cdj dbfcfcicd cy? dcjpcpcebwctbj dj pcjscscmwctcd dj ocscfuouycdj tuictcomgdj pr`sbn`dt` ct dj pbdudg HGI@F@H upcdj b-icdbpufc cdj ecfcfcd dggdj =11> upcdj icdcfg dj ebdnb mcmcmc sc 3 ibfygdj mgtg fcmcd sc icfcpbt dc ocrbmcf dbtg dc sb LQK oudj sccd icy ‖suegf’ dc dcjcdcp. (M`rdcs, Lr. Kgcqubd J., Hgii`dtcry; ‖Qfcybdj te` ^cp`s’).  

Cdj orbsbs dc dc pctudjogf pctudjogf sc pgfbtboc pgfbtboc cy cy ebdnb ebdnb dc mcjg sc icnfcdj icnfcdj Qbfbpbdg. Oudj susurbbd, cdj pcdncrcyc cy bscdj icfcobdj bsyu icjbdj icjbdj cdj cmusg sc

ocpcdjycrbecd ocpcdjycrbec d ct pcjmbmbfb dj mgtg. Dcococfudjogt Dcococfudjogt fcicdj dc b tg cy fbibtcdj dcmbmbjycd dj pcdsbd dc fcjcdcp ecdjjcdj ecdjjcdj djcygd. (]`igdn`, H`rj`, ‖Xdcp @f`htbgds7’ Icdbfc Muff`tbd., p.3 p.33) 3)  

Xc pcjscfcysc pcjscfcyscy y sc dcfcfcpbt dc pcjtctcpgs dj ow`dtg, cdj pcjocpcd pcjocpcdcfg cfg db fcdjjci fcdjjci djudbt cdj icmbfbscdj pcjocictcy dbtg cy bsbdcfcyscy icjbdj cdj

pcjocictcy dj bmc‒t bmcdj ijc bds`otg pcjocnctbdj dj tbdcjurbcdj ijc ecygp dc ecrb sc jumct. Btg cy ebdcecfbdtufcn sc `f`osygd dc dcdjycrb dggdj `f`osbygd sc tcgdj =113 oudj sccd pbdbpbfbt dc bpcmcfbo sc puw`stg cdj nctbdj Qcdjufg dc oudj sccd cy dcocpcjnu dcocpcjnufgt fgt dj icrcibdj sujctcd ct dcscwb. Dccjcw nbd icjbdj dbtg cdj ct`dsygd dj pcr`egdj fgocf ct bdt`rdcsbygdcf i`nyc.  

Cdj ecfcfcd sc Qbfbpbdcs cy dcdcdctbfbdj ebdnb fbjtcs; ecfgs 3,111 octcg cdj pbdctcy g dcsujctcd tuwbdj icy dcjycycrbdj crjui`dtg, crjui`dtg,v`dn`ttc  v`dn`ttc , ct ijc pcj-

ctco` sc ijc pcrtbscdg, ocdnbnctg, ct ijc hcdvcss`r .(Fbdcdtun.,p5>‖^e` .(Fbdcdtun.,p5>‖^e` =11> Qebfbppbd` @f`htbgds;Qgfbtbhcf Hecdj` bd cd Bffbm`rcf N`ighrchy’)  

Xc bmc, pbdcdbdbw pbdcdbdbwcfccd cfccd dc cdj ocscyscycd dj pcjbjbdj ‖ogrcp’ dj bscdj pgfbtbog sc mcdsc cy ocncebfcdcdj jutgi ct uecw sc ocycicdcdcd djudbt oudj

susurbbd cdj ocscyscycd dj Qbfbpbdcs oudj ocbfcd dcjcdcp cdj ocudc-udcecdj obfcfcdj ―ogrcpsbygd‒ cy sc tcgdj 3525, dc pbdcdbdbwcfccdj bmc cdj ncebfcd? Cdj ogrcpsygd cy ebdnb pbfbt dc jbdcjcwc upcdj icocibt cdj ocmcd dj mcycd djudbt btg cy dcdjycyc dcdjycycrb rb ncebf sc ’pcjoc-uecw dj ocpcdjycrbecd’ ocpcdjycrbecd’ dj ocdnbnctg.  

Cdj ujct dc btg cdj dcj-bipf dcj-bipfuw`dsbyc uw`dsbyc dj icscicdj ecdjcrbd sc bmc pc dc sc mcwct tcomg dj pcdcegd cy btg rbd dcicd cdj udtb-utb udtb-utbdj dj dcjmbjcy nccd sc

ijc bmc‒t bmcdj cdgicfycdj fcjcdcp dggd icjbdj ecdjjcdj sc djcygd. (K. X. Csbcd Xtun. 13 (18) =138. p00-: `t/pumfbhctbgd/=>:21>55/81

 

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