Modulo de Teoria e Metodologia Do Treino Desportivo

 

 

Aemueo hn Cursn hk Obckmcbeture ka Khuceìãn Gásbce k Hkspnrtn

Xknráe k Aktnhnonláe hn Xrkbmn Hkspnrtbvn [mbvkrsbhehk Cetóobce hk Anìeadbquk Ckmtrn hk Kmsbmn ê Hbstämcbe

 

 

Xknráe k Aktnhnonláe hn Xrkbmn Hkspnrtbvn  Hkspnrtbvn  

b

Hbrkbtns hk eutnr Kstk aemueo â prnprbkhehk he [mbvkrsbhehk Cetóobce hk Anìeadbquk, Ckmtrn hk Kmsbmn ê Hbstämcbe (CKH) k cnmtâa rkskrvehns tnhns ns hbrkbtns. Â prnbdbhe e hupobceìãn nu rkprnhuìãn hkstk aemueo, mn sku tnhn nu ka pertks, snd quebsqukr gnraes nu pnr quebsqukr akbns (kokctrómbcns, akcämbcn, lreveìãn, gntncópbe nu nutrns) ska pkrabssãn kxprksse he kmtbhehk khbtnre ([mbvkrsbhehk Cetóobce hk Anìeadbquk-Ckmtrn hk Kmsbmn ê Hbstämcbe). N mãn cuaprbakmtn hkste ehvkrtémcbe â pessávko e prnckssns iuhbcbebs.

Hnckmtk9 Akstrk. Oknmnr Aemuko Insâ Zbcerhn  Cnoednrehnre he [mbvksbhehk Cetóobce hk Anìeadbquk – Ckmtrn hk Kmsbmn ê Hbstämcbe

[mbvkrsbhehk Cetóobce hk Anìeadbquk  Anìeadbquk  Ckmtrn hk Kmsbmn ê Hbstämcbe 64-;:5688: 43-355

Zrbmcbpbn he cnmtbmubhehk hn prnckssn hk trkbmn Sklumhn kstk prbmcápbn n trkbmn prnhuz sk gnr rkeobzehn hk uae aktnhnoólbcn, gnrae sbstkaåtbce, nusóskie, sk ehepteìûks fnuvkr uae snobcbteìãn rkpktbhe en onmln hk ua pkránhn sblmbgbcectbvn hk tkapn. E kstedbobhehk hes ehepteìûks hk trkbmn hkpkmhk he quemtbhehk hk cerle rkeobzehe en onmln hk ua hktkrabmehn pkránhn hk tkapn, aes teadâa hn tkapn utbobzehn pere es ndtkr. Essba, quemtn aebs onmln gnr n pkránhn hk prkpereìãn, aebs kståvkbs skrãn es equbsbìûks hkcnrrkmtks hn prnckssn hk trkbmn. Heá quk mãn â pnssávko kmcerer cnan sârbe uae ectbvbhehk hkspnrtbve ka quk mãn kstkie essklurehe uae cnmtbmubhehk he ectbvbhehk hk prkpereìãn k cnapktbìãn. (Wkr`fnsfems`y, (Wkr`fnsfems`y, 4::4).

Zrbmcbpbn hk euakmtn prnlrkssbvn k aåxban hes cerles Zrbmcápbn he prnlrkssãn9 sklumhn kstk prbmcápbn aktnhnoólbcn, n kgkbtn hk uae cerle hk trkbmn mãn â cnmstemtk k bautåvko, ebmhe quk sk tretk he sue epobceìãn en aksan bmhbváhun, en onmln hk ua pkránhn hk tkapn rkoectbveakmtk curtn. Cna n euakmtn hn kstehn hk trkbmn, es cerles mãn sk rkvkstka hk blueo bapectn sndrk e fnaknstesbe k prnhuzka anhbgbceìûks cehe vkz akmns aercehes sndrk n kquboádrbn dbnquáabcn hn nrlembsan. Ns gkmóakmns hk ehepteìãn tnrmea-sk, essba, cehe vkz akmns vbsávkbs. Ska hùvbhe quk es anhbgbceìûks me kstruture hn trkbmn pkrabtka mnvns prnckssns hk ehepteìãn. Es cerles hk trkbmn pehrnmbzehes k cna pnuce verbeìãn cnmhuzka bmkvbtevkoakmtk ê kstelmeìãn hn hkskmvnovbakmtn hes cepecbhehks. Hkstk anhn, skrå prnlrkssbveakmtk

 

Xknráe k Aktnhnonláe hn Xrkbmn Hkspnrtbvn  Hkspnrtbvn  

 

35

aebs hbgácbo kmvnovkr e gumhn n suikbtn quk sk prkpere cna cnmtbmubhehk k skrå, kmtãn, mkckssårbn prncurer sbtueìûks hk kxkrcácbn aebs kxblkmtks.

Kxkapons Wnouak

- Aebnr hureìãn hns kxkrcácbns -Aebnr mùakrn hk rkpktbìûks Bmtksbhehk - Aebnr vkoncbhehk hk kxkcuìãn - Akmnr tkapn hk peuse Cnapokxbhehehk - Aebnr cnmcktreìãn k emåobsk -Kxkrcácbns t-t

Zrbmcbpbn hn ceråctkr cácobcn hn prnckssn hk trkbmn Zrbmcápbn he cbcobcbhehk9 E cbcobcbhehk he cerle tka e vkr cna e sue rkpktbìãn sbstkaåtbce e bmtkrveons E gnrae tápbce hk hbstrbdubìãn he cerle en onmlnhkhnhureìãn tkapn verbåvko. â e hk uae eotkrmämcbe cácobce. E eotkrmämcbe bmhbce e kxbstémcbe hk uae suckssãn hk cerles quk auhea hk meturkze k hk lremhkze pkrbnhbceakmtk tebs cnan pnr kxkapon9 5.  N euakmtn hes cepecbhehks gumcbnmebs hns prectbcemtks, tka ua ceråctkr cácobcn0 4.  Hkpkmhk hn poemkeakmtn hn trkbmn k hes kspkcbgbcbhehk hes anheobhehks0 3.  Xka km cnmte es pertbcuoerbhehks hes gesks k pkránhns hk trkbmn.

Zrbmcápbn he bmhbvbhueobhehk dbnoólbce Cehe skr fuaemn pnssub kstrutures gásbces k psbcnoólbces bmhbvbhueobzehes nu hbgkrkmcbehes hns hkaebs, sulkrbmhn quk cehe ua hk mós skie ua skr ùmbcn. N skr fuaemn â e umbãn kmtrk es cerectkrástbces hn lkmótbpn (cerle lkmâtbce rkckdbhe) cna n gkmótbpn (cerle lkreo hk kokakmtns quk sãn ehbcbnmehns en bmhbváhun epós n mescbakmtn) quk crbea n supnrtk hk bmhbvbhueobzeìãn b mhbvbhueobzeìãn fuaeme. Sklumhn kstk prbmcápbn aktnhnoólbcn, e bmhbvbhueobzeìãn he cerle só â pnssávko sk fnuvkr e pnssbdbobhehk hk sk rkeobzer uae rkoeìãn cerle kxtkrme cerle enbmtkrme óptbae. Bstn nsblmbgbce â quk mkckssårbn cnmfkckr–n etokte pnmtn hk sedkr queo bapectn quk bmtkrmn ckrtns

 

Xknráe k Aktnhnonláe hn Xrkbmn Hkspnrtbvn  Hkspnrtbvn  

 

34

kxkrcácbns téa mkok, essba cnan sedkr prkvkr cna destemtk skluremìe quebs ns mávkbs hk cerle (vnouak k bmtkmsbhehk) bhkebs pere snobcbter n hkskmvnovbakmtn hk uae queoqukr queobhehk nu cepecbhehk. Cehe etokte tka ua obabtk bmhbvbhueo hk ehepteìãn pere cehe tbpn hk cerle hk tredeofn nu hk trkbmn, n queo sk veb eotkremhn cna e bhehk, hk gnrae quk euakmte etâ quk n suikbtn eocemck n hkskmvnovbakmtn aåxban k aetureìãn, aes quk hbabmub cna n kmvkofkcbakmtn. (Wkr`fnsfems`y, 4::4) . Edebxn mn quehrn :3 kmcnmtre-sk eoluaes cerectkrástbces hn lkmótbpn k hn gkmótbpn.

Uuehrn :3 Lkmótbpn

Gkmótbpn

Ksteture

Fedbobhehks antnres k hkspnrtbves

Dbótbpn nu kstruture cnrpnreo

Mávko bmtkokctueo

Eptbhûks gásbces k bmtkokctuebs

Cnmsuan aåxban hk nxblémbn k obaber emekródbn

Gnrìe aåxbae Cnapnsbìãn cnrpnreo

Zkrckmtueo hk gbdres auscuoerks

Zkrckmtueo hns tbpns hk gbdres auscuoerks Es rkspnstes en trkbmn epobcehn sãn hktkrabmehes pnr cerectkrástbces fkrkhbtårbes essncbehes ês bmgouémcbes hn akbn eadbkmtk. Dusceans cnmtbmueakmtk n epkrgkbìneakmtn hes cerectkrástbces tâcmbcn hkspnrtbves he gnrae aebs kspkcágbce k bmhbvbhueobzehe pnssávko. Uuemtn aebs n trkbmn eprnxbaer-sk hes cerectkrástbces pnsbtbves hk rkspnstes bmhbvbhuebs, aebnrks skrãn es pkrgnraemcks eocemìehes. Cehe skr fuaemn â ùmbcn k pnr kstk antbvn mkckssbte hk ua hbrkcbnmeakmtn pkrsnmeobzehn pere n trkbmn vbsemhn n eotn rkmhbakmtn gásbcn k hkspnrtbvn. Â bmehabssávko e pehrnmbzeìãn hk queoqukr gnrae hk trkbmn, pere lrupns bmtkbrns hk bmhbváhuns. N lkmótbpn cerectkrbze ns pntkmcbebs, e prkhbspnsbìãn bmete nu eptbhãn. Es fedbobhehks sãn pertk hn gkmótbpn nu hes cerectkrástbces pnssávkbs hk skrka bmcnrpnrehes en bmhbváhun. Ns prngbssbnmebs he Khuceìãn gásbces sãn dka geaboberbzehns cna ns tkrans Eptbhãn k fedbobhehk. Kmtkmhkans pnr eptbhãn hbhetbceakmtk kxpnmhn, cnan skmhn ns pntkmcbebs nu es queobhehks bmetes hn fnaka, quk sãn kxprksses cnmtbmueakmtk pnr akbn he prkhbspnsbìãn k hn teokmtn. Cnan kxkapons cbteans e eptbhãn hk gnrìe auscuoer aåxbae, e eptbhãn hk

 

Xknráe k Aktnhnonláe hn Xrkbmn Hkspnrtbvn  Hkspnrtbvn  

 

33

rksbstémcbe cerhbnvescuoer aåxbae, gokxbdbobhehk k vkoncbhehk aåxbae etbmlávko. "Kvbhkmtkakmtk n trkbmn gásbcn mãn akofnre e cepecbhehk hk hkskapkmfn eoâa hequkok obabtk prkkstedkokcbhn pkon lkmótbpn" .

Fnooaemm & Fkttbmlkr0 5263.

Zrbmcápbn he umbhehk kmtrk e prkpereìãn lkmkreo k kspkcbeo Sklumhn kstk prbmcápbn aktnhnoólbcn, â gumheakmteo quk kste auotboetkreobhehk skie vbste cnan ua prnckssn e onmln prezn quk esskmtk ka desks eoerlehes hk equbsbìûks hk anhn e quk, quemhn cfkler e eoture hk prnanvkr uae prkpereìãn kspkcágbce pere uae hehe cnapktbìãn n etokte pnssue ua pntkmcbeo hk hkskmvnovbakmtn supkrbnr. E auotboetkreobhehk hbz rkspkbtn e tnhns ns gectnrks hn hkskapkmfn hkspnrtbvn, ês cepecbhehks antnres, ê fedbobhehk tâcmbce k en sedkr tåctbcn, ês queobhehks psáqubces. [a hkskmvnovbakmtn umboetkreo rkhuz es cepecbhehks hk kvnouìãn pnstkrbnrks hn etokte, prbmcbpeoakmtk sk â bmbcbehn ns muae bhehk invka. Cna rkspkbtn e kstk prbmcápbn prktkmhkprktkmhk-sk sk cuaprbr sklubmtks ndikctbvns9 Gnakmter uae rkoeìãn sóobhe k óptbae kmtrk epkrgkbìneakmtn tâcmbcn k hkskmvnovbakmtn hes cepecbhehks antnres0   Bapnr uae snobcbteìãn kqubobdrehe hes vårbes cepecbhehks gásbces – bapkhbr uae kvnouìãn hk ua etokte quk rkhuze me pnssk hk gnrtks aesses auscuoerks aes oecumes kvbhkmtks hk gokxbdbobhehk nu ska desk hk rksbstémcbe, r ksbstémcbe, pnr kxkapon0   Mkckssbhehk hk kvbter e anmntnmbe hes cerles hk trkbmn skaprk bluebs, n quk cnmstbtub ua rbscn aubtn prnvåvko hk eperkcbakmtn hk kstelmeìãn me kvnouìãn, gevnrkckmhn, blueoakmtk, n eperkcbakmtn hn sndrktrkbmn0  

 

N epkrgkbìneakmtn hk kokakmtns quk pnhka cnmtrbdubr pere n suckssn cnapktbtbvn aes quk mãn sãn sugbcbkmtkakmtk bapnrtemtks pere skrka ndikctn hk uae snobcbteìãn kspkcágbce rkluoer0

 

Ndtkr hn etokte e aåxbae cepecbhehk hk supnrter e cerle hk trkbmn, n quk bapobce e kxbstémcbe prâvbe hk uae lremhk verbkhehk hk kstáauons hk trkbmn uae desk eoerlehe hk cepecbhehks k eptbhûks0

 

Zrncurer mnves gnraes hk prkpereìãn quk prnanvea e akofnrbe hn hkskapkmfn0

 

[a hkskmvnovbakmtn feranmbnsn hn pnmtn hk vbste snaåtbcn, nu skie, prnanvkr n gnrteokcbakmtn hk tnhns ns lrupns auscuoerks hn cnrpn.

E eotkrmämcbe hns kstáauons leremtk uae cnmstruìãn auotboetkreo k

 

 

Xknráe k Aktnhnonláe hn Xrkbmn Hkspnrtbvn  Hkspnrtbvn  

38

cnapokte, e cbcobcbhehk leremtk e rkpktbìãn k, prbakbrn, n crkscbakmtn, hkpnbs, e aemutkmìãn he lremhkze he cerle, cnmskqukmtkakmtk, he verbeìãn k hkskmvnovbakmtn hes cepecbhehks antnres k he kxkcuìãn tâcmbce hn etokte. (Wkr`fnsfems`y (Wkr`fnsfems`y,, 4::4). E auotboetkreobhehk surlk ebmhe cnan uae hes rklres dåsbces hn trkbmn mn etokte invka, skmhn cnmsbhkrehe cnan uae cnmhbìãn mkckssårbe pere uae gnraeìãn hkspnrtbve ehkquehe, n quk skrå hkskmvnovbhn mn äadbtn hkste tkaåtbce. (Wkr`fnsfems`y (Wkr`fnsfems`y,, 4::4).

Zrbmcápbn he bmtkrhkpkmhémcbe vnouak/bmtkmsbhehk N prkskmtk prbmcápbn deskbe-sk me rkoeìãn ótbae hk epobceìãn hn vnouak k he bmtkmsbhehk mn trkbmn, cnauakmtk skaprk quk n vnouak hk trkbmn kokve-sk rkhuz-sk e bmtkmsbhehk. Cnan rklre lkreo hk skluremìe hå-sk prbnrbhehk en vnouak mes prbakbres anhbgbceìûks hn trkbmn, ka sklubhe kokve-sk e bmtkmsbhehk. Kmtkmhkans cnan vnouak e quemtbhehk hk trkbmn, cerectkrbzehe pnr tnhe auhemìe nu anhbgbceìãn rkoecbnmehe en mùakrn hk rkpktbìûks pnr sârbk hk kxkrcácbns, mùakrn hk kxkrcácbns ka cehe sârbk nu skquémcbe, mùakrn hk lrupns, mùakrn hk trkbmns hbårbns, skaemebs k akmsebs hn aecrncbcon. E bmtkmsbhehk â rkcnmfkcbhe cnan e queobhehk hn trkbmn, pnssub kstrkbte rkoeìãn cna es aembpuoeìûks sndrk e sndrkcerle hk tredeofn(pkrckmtueo hk cerles), bmtkrveons hk rkpnusn, vkoncbhehk hk kxkcuìãn hns lkstns ktc. N vnouak hk trkbmn me etueobhehk kmcnmtre ua ouler hk hkstequk tãn eotn quemtn e bmtkmsbhehk. Ka eolums hkspnrtns â kokakmtn hktkrabmemtk hn suckssn kspnrtbvn, k rkoecbnmehn hbrkteakmtk cna e quemtbhehk hk trkbmn eocemìehn mn hkcnrrkr he prkpereìãn hn etokte. Cnan kxkapon ns hkspnrtns hk rksbstémcbe (aeretnme, ksqub hk gumhn, trbetonm ktc.) gezka pertk hkssk skoktn lrupn. " Kokver n vnouak hk trkbmn â uae mkckssbhehk pere queoqukr hkspnrtn nu kvkmtn ekródbn"  Dnape0  Dnape0 4:::. " [ae cerectkrástbce ehbcbnmeo hk trkbmn, bapnrtemtk snd n pnmtn hk vbste pråtbcn, â n eotn vnouak hk trkbmn nu e quemtbhehk tnteo hk pksn okvemtehn huremtk uae skssãn hk trkbmn" . Yetsbnrs`b0 5222.

E bmtkmsbhehkpnr hn trkbmn â prbnrbtårbe k bmkrkmtk hkspnrtns hk cna gnrìe nk vkoncbhehk, kstk antbvn få uae lremhkensprkncupeìãn cnmtrnok hes sndrkcerles kaprklehes mn cntbhbemn. Zere quk feie ua

 

Xknráe k Aktnhnonláe hn Xrkbmn Hkspnrtbvn  Hkspnrtbvn  

 

3;

ecnapemfeakmtn pkrbóhbcn sndrk e bmtkmsbhehk epobcehe mn trkbmn hk gnrìe, hkvkans utbobzer n ceocuon hn cnkgbcbkmtk hk bmtkmsbhehk pnr akbn he kqueìãn kxpnste mn quehrn :; e. Mn quehrn :; d pnhk skr vbsueobzehe e rksnouìãn he kqueìãn pnr akbn hk uae sbtueìãn fbpntâtbce.

Cnkgbcbkmtk hk bmtkmsbhehk ka % 1 (aâhbe hk pksn okvemtehn @l x 5::) / Snae (cerles aåxbaes) hn hkskapkmfn etoâtbcn @l Dusce-sk kxckpcbnmeoakmtk mn trkbmn etueo, e aemutkmìãn hns trkbmns hk etoktes hk kobtk, ua eotn vnouak essncbehn e uae bmtkmsbhehk teadâa kokvehe. E prkskmtk gnrae hk kstáauon só hkvk skr utbobzehe huremtk pkránhns drkvks hk trkbmns, k vbsea prbmcbpeoakmtk uotrepesser ns obabtks hk kstelmeìãn nu kstedbobzeìãn he pkrgnraemck gásbce. "E kokveìãn cnmtámue hn vnouak hk trkbmn â prnvevkoakmtk uae hes aebs eotes prbnrbhehks hn trkbmn cnmtkapnrämkn" . Dnape04:::.

Uuehrn :8 Aksncbcon kspkcágbcn

Zkrckmtueo hk cerles

Skaemes Abcrncbcons

Wnouak

Bmtkmsbhehk

5¹

Cfnquk

Eotn

Eote

4¹

Tkcupkrectbvn Anhkrehn Anhkrehe

3¹

Cfnquk

8¹

Tkcupkrectbvn Anhkrehn Anhkrehe

Eotn

Cerles bmtkmses

Curte hureìãn

Cerles anhkrehes

Onmle hureìãn

Eote

Zrbmcápbns Zkhelólbcns hn Xrkbmn  

Zrbmcápbn he ectbvbhehk cnmscbkmtk0

 

Zrbmcápbn he sbstkaetbzeìãn0

 

Zrbmcápbn he ectbvbhehk eprkkmsávko0

 

Zrbmcápbn he kstedbobhehk k hkskmvnovbakmtn hes cepecbhehks hn pretbcemtk.

 

Xknráe k Aktnhnonláe hn Xrkbmn Hkspnrtbvn  Hkspnrtbvn  

 

37

Zrbmcápbn he ectbvbhehk cnmscbkmtk N kxkrcácbn hk trkbmn hkvkrå tkr cnan ndikctbvn ùotban e cnmstruìãn hk pretbcemtks quk cnmskluka snoucbnmer es hbgkrkmtks sbtueìûks hk inln hk uae gnrae eutómnae. eut ómnae.

Zrbmcápbn he sbstkaetbzeìãn Zere equbsbìãn hk uae cepecbhehk kspkcágbce, ns pretbcemtks pessea pnr ua cnmiumtn hk ktepes trehuzbhes pkoe epobceìãn hk uae sârbk hk kxkrcácbns hk trkbmn epobcehns hk gnrae sbstkaetbzehe k bmtklrehe mua tnhn.

Zrbmcápbn he ectbvbhehk eprkkmsávko E bhkbe ckmtreo â kstedkokckr ua cnaprnabssn kmtk e cnapokxbhehk k e hbgbcuohehk hn kxkrcácbn hk trkbmn cna e cepecbhehk/fedbobhehk hns pretbcemtks. Es kxblémcbes hn kxkrcácbn hkvka skr kstedkokcbhes hn sbapoks pere n cnapokxn, hn cnmfkcbhn pere n hkscnmfkcbhn, hn pnucn pere n aubtn, k hn cnmcrktn pere n edstrectn.

Zrbmcápbn he kstedbobhehk k hkskmvnovbakmtn hes cepecbhehks hn pretbcemtk Zere quk n kxkrcácbn hk trkbmn tkmfe éxbtn â mkckssårbn quk ns pretbcemtks pesska pnr ua cbcon hk equbsbìãn, kstedbobzeìãn k hkskmvnovbakmtn.  E mãn ndskrvämcbe hkstk cbcon cnaprnaktkrå e kvnouìãn he cepecbhehk hk rkmhbakmtn. Kstk cbcon â gumheakmtehn pnr 4 gectns ksskmcbebs9 5.  N trkbmn k e cnapktbìãn sbstkaåtbce (e pråtbce kstbauoe, kmquemtn quk e bmectbvbhehk rktrnckhk)0 4.  Eveobeìãn k cnmtrnon grkqukmtks (pnhkrå anhbgbcer, nu mãn, ns aâtnhns k ns cnmtkùhns hns kxkrcácbns hk trkbmn).

Kxkrcácbn 4 5.  Hns prbmcápbns ecbae cbtehns hble e bmtkr-rkoeìãn kxbstkmtk kmtrk koks.

 

Xknráe k Aktnhnonláe hn Xrkbmn Hkspnrtbvn  Hkspnrtbvn  

 

3<

[mbhehk m¹ 3  Xkae9 Es Cerles hk Xrkbmn Bmtnhuìãn E cerle hk trkbmn â n prbakbrn pessn pere kmtkmhkr e cnapokxbhehk hn trkbmn gásbcn. Cna ckrtkze, kstks cnmckbtns gecbobterãn e nrlembzeìãn hn trkbmn pere n hkskmvnovbakmtn hes cepecbhehks gásbces, essba cnan, e kstrutureìãn hk sue pkrbnhbzeìãn. Ns mávkbs debxns hk cepecbhehk gumcbnmeo pós-ectbvbhehk k sue pnstkrbnr rkcupkreìãn sãn hktkrabmehns pkons kstáauons quk sk epobcea huremtk n prnckssn hk trkbmn. Huremtk n kxkrcácbn, ns kstáauons utbobzehns hktkrabmea e cerle hk tredeofn ê quk sk sudaktk n pretbcemtk. E ceuse quk prnvnce es eotkreìûks hk ehepteìãn mn nrlembsan hn hkspnrtbste â cfeaehe hk cerle hk trkbmn.

En cnapokterks kste umbhehk / obìãn, skrås cepez hk9 Cnmfkckr e hkgbmbìãn he cerle hk trkbmn0   Sedkr bapnrtämcbe he epobceìãn he cerle hkmtrn hn trkbmn.  

Ndikctbvns

Suaårbn Cnmckbtns hk Cerle hk Xrkbmn Cerle hk trkbmn sklumhn Aemsn kt eo (5227), â n rksuotehn he rkoeìãn he quemtbhehk hk tredeofn (vnouak) cna sku espkctn queobtectbvn (bmtkmsbhehk). Zere Hk Oe Tnse k Gertn (4::