Módulo 14: Internacionalización Del Derecho en Su Ámbito Público

 

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Iükub` :; Ndthrdjln`djbnzjlnüd Ndthrdjln`djbnzj lnüd khb Khrhla` hd su êiont` pýobnl` Xdnkjk : Ndtr Nd tr`k `kul ulln lnüd üd j bj nd ndth thrd rdjl jln` n`dj djbn bnzj zjln lnüd üd kh khbb Kh Khrh rhla la` ` Uýobnl` \hsnüd < B`s sumht`s khb Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb Uýobnl`  Jltnvnkjk :. B`s sumht`s khb Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb   Jltnvnkjk ?. [h`réjs khb rhl`d`lninhdt`  JL[NVNKJK ND[HC_JK@_J

Khrhla`s y `obncjln`dhs kh b`s sumht`s khb  Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb 

 

ND[_@KXLLN@D  Hb pr`püsnt` kh hstj jltnvnkjk, bj lujb sh tntubj ‒B`s sumht`s khb Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb’ hs knstndcunr bjs ljrjlthréstnljs quh rhvnsthd jquhbbjs hd hsth ljip` khb Khrhla`, hs p`r hs` quh, j trjvîs kh ud ljs` pr`p`rln`djk` p`r in k`lhdth sh nkhdtnfnljrj hb ` b`s hdths l`i` sumht`s khb Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb, jsé l`i` b`s hbhihdt`s quh b` l`ip`dhd y p`r ýbtni` sn hb ` b`s hdths hd luhstnüd l`dtnhdhd b`s hbhihdt`s pjrj shr sumht`s khb Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb. B`s B`s sumh sumht` t`ss kh kh khrhl rhla` a` s`d s`d jquh jquhbbbb`s `s j b`s b`s quh quh sh bh bhss puhk puhkh h ni nipu putj tjrr kh khrh rhla la`s `s y `obncjln`dhs j trjvîs kh bj bhy. [`kjs bjs phrs`djs, yj shjd fésnljs ` muréknljs, s`d sumht`s kh khrhla`. Lujdk` sh ajobj kh phrs`dj, sh rhfnhrh jb hdth sustjdtnv` khb `rkhd muréknl` y l`i` sumht` khb khrhla`, sh rhfnhrh j bj phrs`dj jltujdk` hd udj rhbjlnüd muréknlj. L`i` ahi`s `oshrvjk`, hd hb Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb Uýobnl` sh ajobj kh phrs`djs i`rjbhs. Hd hb thxt` kh jp`y`, sh jdjbnzü quh hb rhl`d`lninhdt` kh Hstjk`s hs hb jlt` hd hb quh `tr`s khlbjrjd quh trjtjrêd j hsh hdth l`i` j ud Hstjk` l`dlhknîdk`bh bj ljbnkjk kh sumht` khb Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb, pr`lbjijk` l`d ljpjlnkjk muréknlj. L`d bj ndthdlnüd kh jdjbnzjr hb rhl`d`lninhdt` kh hdths l`i` Hstjk`s hd ljs`s l`dlrht`s kh bj anst`rnj, sh khsjrr`bbj bj jltnvnkjk tntubjkj ‒[h`réjs khb rhl`d`lninhdt`’, hd bj lujb y l`d rhsphlt` jb ljs` pr`p`rln`djk`, sh rhsp`dkhd j bjs sncunhdths prhcudtjs= ∟ °Zuî nipbnlj hb rhl`d`lninhdt` kh ud duhv` Hstjk`0 ∟ °Zuî nipbnlj quh shj rhlajzjk` hb rhl`d`lninhdt` kh ud duhv` Hstjk`0 ∟ °Lüi` sh bbhvü j ljo` hb rhl`d`lninhdt` pjrtnlubjr khb ` b`s hdths hd hb ljs` kjk`0 ∟ °Zuî th`réj ` th`réjs s`d phrtndhdths pjrj l`iprhdkhr hb rhl`d`lninhdt` kh ud Hstjk` Fndjbihdth, bj jltnvnkjk tntubjkj ‒Khrhla`s y `obncjln`dhs kh b`s sumht`s khb Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb’. Hd udj prhshdtjlnüd sh hxp`dkrê b`s hbhihdt`s quh l`ip`dhd j b`s hdths trjtjk`s l`i` sumht`s khb Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb, hb pr`lhs` kh rhl`d`lninhdt` khb ` b`s Hstjk`s bbhvjk` j ljo` j pjrtnr kh udj ` vjrnjs th`réjs khb rhl`d`lninhdt`, b`s Khrhla`s y `obncjln`dh `obnc jln`dhss khb duhv` ` b`s duhv`s hdths sumht`s sumht`s jb Khrhl Khrhla` a` Ndthrdjln Ndthrdjln`djb `djb Uýobnl`, jsé l`i` b`s `rcjdnsi`s ndthrdjln`djbhs hd b`s quh aj ` ajd pjrtnlnpjk` hb ` b`s Hstjk`s y hb `omht` kh su pjrtnlnpjlnüd.

 

 Jltnvnkjk :. :. B`s sumht`s khb Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb Hd hb Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb Uýobnl` sh ajobj kh phrs`djs i`rjbhs. L`d hb pr`püsnt` kh knstndcunr bjs ljrjlthréstnljs quh rhvnsthd jquhbbjs hd hsth ljip` khb Khrhla`.

 _hjbnzj bj sncunhdth jltnvnkjk. :. Bhh b`s jpjrtjk`s ‒B`s sumht`s khb Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb Uýobnl`’ ajstj ‒\`ohrjdéj y Hstjk` s`ohrjd`’. ?. Hsphrj hb ljs` pr`p`rln`djk` p`r tu k`lhdth hd bédhj. ?? j :>>: hd hb thrrnt`rn` kh b` quh ajoéj snk` hb Niphrn` rus`.

 

Hdtrh :>>5 y :>>:, bj X_\\ sh khsndthcrü hd :8 rhpýobnljs ndkhphdknhdths. Khonk` j su pjsjk` l`iýd, jbcudjs kh hbbjs jýd ijdtnhdhd bjz`s hstrhla`s l`d _usnj.  Jb prndlnpn`, bj Xdnüd \`vnîtnlj hstjoj f`rijkj p`r lujtr` hstjk`s= _usnj, [rjdsljuljsnj (bj udnüd kh Ch`rcnj, Jrihdnj y Jzhrojnyêd), Xlrjdnj y Onhb`rrusnj. L`d hb pjs` kh b`s jú`s sh lrhjr`d duhvjs rhpýobnljs hd hb hsth kh Hur`pj (Hst`dnj, Bht`dnj y Bntujdnj) y  Jsnj Lhdtrjb ([urgihdnstêd, Xzohgnstêd, [jyngnstêd, Gnrcunstêd y Gjzjmnstêd). [rjs su kns`bulnüd j fndjbhs kh :>>:, surcnhr`d :8 duhv`s pjéshs ndkhphdknhdths.

U@OBJLN@D 

\h hdtnhdkh p`r p`objlnüd jb l`dmudt` kh ajontjdths kh ud bucjr khthrindjk` (XDJKI, ?5?5, p.1).

 

Hd bj jltujbnkjk, bj Fhkhrjlnüd _usj, l`d udj p`objlnüd quh r`dkj b`s :;< inbb`dhs kh ajontjdths, `lupj hb d`vhd` puhst` hd hb rjdgndc iudknjb kh b`s pjéshs iês p`objk`s Ndlbus` hd udj rhtr`sphltnvj orhvh, sh phrlnoh udj rêpnkj pîrknkj kh p`snln`dhs hd tîrind`s l`ipjrjtnv`s (_usnj hrj bj qundtj p`thdlnj khi`crêfnlj hd :>>5 y bj shxtj hd ?555) y jos`bu jos`but`s t`s (bj p`obj p`objlnüd lnüd rusj hxlhk hxlhkéj éj b`s :;1 inbb`dhs kh ajont ajontjdths jdths j prndl prndlnpn`s npn`s kh bj ýbtnij kîljkj khb sncb` QQ). Lujdk` bj inrjkj jb pjsjk` sh hxtnhdkh ud sncb`, hb khsi`r`djinhdt` khb phs` khi`crêfnl` rus` hs iula` iês jlusjk`. Hd hfhlt`, j fndjbhs khb sncb` QNQ, hd t`k` hb thrrnt`rn` khb Niphrn` _us` vnvéj jbrhkhk`r kh `la` p`r lnhdt` khb t`tjb kh bj p`objlnüd iudknjb, y hd bj pjrth l`rrhsp`dknhdth j bjs fr`dthrjs kh bj jltujb Fhkhrjlnüd kh _usnj hstj lnfrj sh sntujoj s`orh 8.8 p`r lnhdt`, inhdtrjs quh hd bj jltujbnkjk süb` jbljdzj ?.; p`r lnhdt` kh bj p`objlnüd iudknjb. Kh i`k` quh, hd jphdjs udj lhdturnj, hb phs` khi`crêfnl` rhbjtnv` kh _usnj sh aj rhkulnk` hd iês kh 88 p`r  lnhdt`. \h jdjbnzj bj hv`bulnüd anstürnlj kh bj khi`crjféj hd _usnj khskh fndjbhs khb sncb` QVNNN, j trjvîs kh trhs crjdkhs htjpjs (hb fndjb kh bj _usnj zjrnstj, hb phrn`k` kh _usnj l`i` hmh jdcubjr kh bj Xdnüd \`vnîtnlj y bjs jbc` iês kh k`s kîljkjs kh bj Fhkhrjlnüd _usj), y sh p`dhd p`d hd kh ijd ijdnfn nfnhst hst` ` b`s fjl fjlt`r t`rhs hs lrétnl lrétnl`s, `s, jbc jbcud` ud`ss kh hbb`s hbb`s lbj lbjrji rjihdt hdth h knf knfhrh hrhdln dlnjbh jbhss rhsphlt` rhsph lt` j `trjs crjdkhs p`thdlnj p`thdlnjs, s, quh mustn mustnfnljd fnljd bj sndcu sndcubjr bjr hv`bu hv`bulnüd lnüd khi`crêfn khi`crêfnlj lj khb pjés. U@KH_ 

Xd puhob` quh ajontj hd ud thrrnt`rn` dhlhsntj kh `rcjdnzjlnüd pjrj jltujr hd l`dmudt`. Kh hstj ijdhrj, lujdk` bj s`lnhkjk sh hstrulturj p`bétnljihdth, surch hb Hstjk` (OLD, \.F).

 

Hd :> bj Xdnüd \`vnîtnlj d` thdéj bj ljpjlnkjk hl`düinlj y inbntjr quh `trjs p`thdlnjs hur`phjs, l`i` Jbhijdnj ` hb _hnd` Xdnk`, sé p`shéjd, phr` jphdjs shns jú`s khspuîs, hd :>;8, bj X_\\ sh ajoéj l`dvhrtnk` hd ud p`khr ndknslutnobh j dnvhb l`dtndhdtjb y cb`ojb.  Judquh hd vjrn`s i`ihdt`s hstuv` lhrlj kh phrkhr hb pubs` l`d bj Jbhijdnj djzn, su ljpjlnkjk ndkustrnjb, bj hd`rih suphrn`rnkjk khi`crêfnlj y bjs jyukjs inbntjrhs rhlnonkjs khskh Hstjk`s Xdnk`s anlnhr`d p`snobh quh b`s s`vnîtnl`s jljojshd l`d bj ijy`r pjrth kh bj ijqundjrnj kh cuhrrj jbhijdj ljind` kh Ohrbéd. Hd hsh hsh i` i`ih ihdt dt` ` qu quhk hkü ü pj pjth thdt dth h qu quh h b`s b`s s`vn s`vnît îtnl nl`s `s sh ajoé ajoéjd jd l` l`dv dvhrt hrtnk nk` ` hd udj udj suphrp`thdlnj mudt` l`d Hstjk`s Xdnk`s, y p`l` tnhip` khspuîs l`ihdzjréj bj Cuhrrj Fréj. Bj Xdnüd \`vnîtnlj khsjrr`bbü su pr`pn` hspjln` kh ndfbuhdlnj, hsphlnjbihdth hd Hur`pj khb hsth j trjvîs khb Ujlt` kh Vjrs`vnj, phr` tjionîd hd Jsnj, hb l`dtndhdth jfrnljd` ` hd Jiîrnlj Bjtndj. Jkhiês, y l`d bj ndthdlnüd kh rnvjbnzjr kh f`rij hqunvjbhdth j Hstjk`s Xdnk`s, tjionîd khsjrr`bbü hb jrij jtüinlj. UH_\@DJBNKJK MX_NKNLJ ND[H_DJLN@DJB

L`i` onhd sh sjoh, t`k`s b`s Hstjk`s s`d ncujbhs, hd lujdt` j sumht`s kh khrhla` ndthrdjln`djb s`d, y quh tnhdhd ud rhl`d`lninhdt` muréknl` “ ndthrdjln`djb. Bj hxphrnhdlnj kh bj prnihrj cuhrrj iudknjb hd hb trjtjk` kh Ujz kh :>:>-:>?5 sh lrh` bj bncj kh Djln`dhs pjrj cjrjdtnzjr bj Ujz ndthrdjln`djb y bj shcurnkjk, snd hiojrc`, hstj `rcjdnzjlnüd frjljs` khonk` j bj p`bétnlj jcrhsnvj kh bjs p`thdlnjs ndknvnkujbhs, quh sh v`bljr v`b ljr`d `d ajl ajlnj nj fuh fuhrj rj l`d jdn jdni` i` kh l`d l`dqun qunstj stj,, pjrj pjrj hstjob hstjobhlh hlhrr ud `rk `rkhd hd s`o s`ohrj hrjd` d` t`tjbntjrn`, Bj Xdnüd \`vnîtnlj fuh hxlbunkj kh bj bncj kh bjs Djln`dhs buhc` khb jtjquh j Fndbjdknj hd :>

 

°B`s hdth °B`s hdthss hd luhs luhstntnüd üd l`dt l`dtnh nhdh dhd d b`s b`s hbhi hbhihd hdt` t`ss pjrj pjrj sh shrr su sumh mht` t`ss khb khb Kh Khrh rhla la` ` Ndthrdjln`djb0 \n, p`rquh l`dtnhdh bjs lujbnfnljln`dhs dhlhsjrnjs pjrj shr ud sumht` ndthrdjln`djb, k`tjk` kh phrs`djbnkjk muréknlj, yj quh, l`i` sh puhkh jprhlnjr hd hb jrtélub` :`. kh bj L`dvhdlnüd Ujdjihrnljdj kh I`dthvnkh` s`orh b`s Khrhla`s y @obncjln`dhs kh b`s Hs Hstj tjk` k`s, s, hstê hstêd d hstj hstjob obhl hlnk nk`s `s b`s b`s hbhi hbhihd hdt` t`ss dhlh dhlhsj sjrn rn`s `s pjrj pjrj qu quh h udj udj hd hdtntnkj kjk k sh shj j lbjsnfnljkj l`i` Hstjk`, ` shj, ud sumht` ndthrdjln`djb, k`tjk` kh phrs`djbnkjk muréknlj. Hd knla` jrtélub` sh ndstntuyh b` sncunhdth= ‒Hb Hstjk` l`i` phrs`dj kh Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb khoh rhudnr b`s sncunhdths rhqunsnt`s= ∟ U`objlnüd phrijdhdth. ∟ [hrrnt`rn` khthrindjk`. ∟ C`onhrd`. ∟ Ljpjlnkjk kh hdtrjr hd rhbjln`dhs l`d b`s khiês Hstjk`s’ (L`dvhdlnüd \`orh b`s Khrhla`s y Khohrhs kh b`s Hstjk`s, :>>3). Ujd`rjij khb Khrhla` Ihxnljd`. Hd Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb Uýobnl`. Iîxnl`= XDJI. Ohdjvn Ohd jvnkhs khs,, Bun Bunss (:> (:>>;) >;).. Hb c`o c`onhr nhrd` d` hd Iîx Iîxnl` nl`.. Hd _hv _hvnst nstj j khb Lhd Lhdtr` tr` Djl Djln`d n`djb jb kh Khrhla`s Auijd`s. L`insnüd Djln`djb kh b`s Khrhla`s Auijd`s. O`knd, Mhjd (:>>3). B`s snhth bnor`s kh bj _hpýobnlj. \hbhllnüd, trjkullnüd y hstukn` prhbnindjr kh Orjv` Cjbj, Uhkr` (l``rk.). 3>). Ürkhdhs kh bj Ljojbbhréj h ndstntuln`dhs jfndhs. Hd @rnchd y bj Anst`rnj kh bj `rkhd kh Ijbtj. Ijkrnk Hspjúj. Hknt`rnjb @rthcj. Fnx ]ji ]jiukn ukn`, `, Aîl Aîlt`r t`r (:>1 (:>16). 6). Hb sns snsthi thij j jih jihrnl rnljd` jd` kh pr` pr`thl thllnü lnüd d kh b`s khr khrhla hla`s `s auijd`s. Hd Lujkhrd`s khb Ndstntut` kh Ndvhstncjln`dhs Muréknljs. Jú` :. Dýihr` :. Kh hdhr` j jornb. Iîxnl`. Ahrkhc Ahr khchd, hd, I. (?5 (?558). 58). \um \umht` ht`ss khb Khr Khrhla hla` ` Ndt Ndthrd hrdjln jln`dj `djb.b. Hd Iê Iêrquh rquhz, z, _. (L` (L``rk `rk.). .). Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb Uýobnl`. Iîxnl`= G`drjk Jkhdjuhr \tnftudc/XDJI. Mniîdhz kh Jrîlajcj, Hkujrk` (?558). B`s sumht`s khb Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb Uýobnl`. Hd Khrhla Khr hla` ` Ndt Ndthrd hrdjln jln`dj `djbb Uýo Uýobnl bnl`= `= Urn Urndln dlnpn` pn`s, s, d`rijs d`rijs y hst hstrul rultur turjs. js. [`i [`i` ` N. Xrucuj Xrucujy. y. Hknt`rnjb Fudkjlnüd kh Lubturj Xdnvhrsntjrnj. Mniî Mniîdh dhz, z, H. (?55 (?558) 8).. B` B`ss sumh sumht` t`ss khb khb Kh Khrh rhla la` ` Nd Ndth thrdj rdjln ln`d `djb jb Uý Uýob obnl nl`. `. Hd Kh Khrhl rhla` a` Ndthrdjln`djb Ndthrdjln` djb Uýobnl Uýobnl`= `= Urndln Urndlnpn`s, pn`s, d`rijs y hstru hstrulturj lturjss (t`i` N). Xrucuj Xrucujy= y= Fudkjlnüd Fudkjlnüd kh Lubturj Xdnvhrsntjrnj. Bjrj Bjr j Ujt Ujtrüd rüd,, _uo _uoîd îd y Kh Nlj Nljzj zj Ahr Ahrdêd dêdkhz khz,, Chrj Chrjrk` rk` (?5 (?556) 56).. Khr Khrhla hla` ` ndt ndthrd hrdjln jln`dj `djbb pýobnl`. Iîxnl`. NX_H hknt`rhs. @rtnz, B. (?55;). Khrhla` Ndt Jghaurst, I. (:>1?). Ndtr`kullnüd jb Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb. Hspjúj= Jbnjdzj.  Jbt` L`insn`djk` kh Djln`dhs Xdnkjs Xdnkjs pjrj b`s _hfucnjk`s (?5:6). Lurs` kh khrhla` ndthrdjln`djb y kh `rcjdnzjln`dhs

 

ndthrdjln`djbhs. \hxtj hknlnüd. Ijkrnk, Hspjúj. Fnld` hknt`rj. U`khstê L`stj, _. (:>>3). Khrhla` ndthrdjln`djb. Hspjúj= IlCrjw Anbb. _hjb Jljkhinj Hspjú`bj (?5:8). Khfndnlnüd kh rhl`d`lninhdt`. ?< hknlnüd. Knlln`djrn` kh bj Bhdcuj Hspjú`bj. Ijkrnk, Hspjúj. K_JH. \hpýbvhkj, L. (?55;). Khrhla` Ndthrdjln`djb pýobnl`. (?;ª hknlnüd. Iîxnl`= U`rrýj. Vhrkr`ss, Vhrkr` ss, Jbk Jbkrhk rhk` ` (:> (:>88). 88). Khr Khrhla hla` ` ndt ndthrd hrdjln jln`dj `djbb pýo pýobnl bnl`. `. Ijk Ijkrnk rnk,, Hspjúj Hspjúj.. Hknt`r Hknt`rnjb njb  Jcunbjr. Vhra`hvhd, M. (:>> kh jc jc`s `st` t`,, _n _n` ` kh Mj Mjdh dhnr nr`, `, Orjs Orjsnbnb.. Kh Khrh rhla la` ` Ndthrdjln`djb y Khi`lrjlnj.

Bhcnsbjlnüd

L`dstntulnüd U`bétnlj kh b`s Hstjk`s Xdnk`s Ihxnljd`s. Ljrtj kh bj @rcjdnzjlnüd kh bjs Djln`dhs Xdnkjs. L`dvhdlnüd Jihrnljdj s`orh Khrhla`s Auijd`s. L`dvhdlnüd kh Vnhdj s`orh hb Khrhla` kh b`s [rjtjk`s. L`dvhdlnüd kh Vnhdj s`orh _hbjln`dhs L`dsubjrhs. L`dvhdlnüd kh Vnhdj s`orh _hbjln`dhs Knpb`iêtnljs. Ur`t`l`b` kh Cndhorj. [rjtjk` kh Vhrsj