MODUL PENINGKATAN PRESTASI KIMIA TINGKATAN 4(PPT) 2014 K2.doc

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Name 4541/2 Chemistry Paper 2 May 2016

Form

2 1/2 hours SMK TUN ABDUL RAZAK PEPERIKSAAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN TINGKATAN 4

CHEMISTRY Paper 2 Two hours and thirty minutes

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

1. Write your name and form in the space provided. 2. This question’s paper consists of bilingual.

Bahagian Soalan 1

A

3. Answer ALL questions on Section A and choose ONE question from Section B and Section C. B C

Markah

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Penuh

Diperolehi

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20 Jumlah

This question paper consists of 16 printed pages Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 16 muka surat bercetak

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4541/2 Section A Bahagian A [60 marks] [60 markah] Answer all questions in this section Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1

Diagram 1 below represents the structure of an atom P of an element. Rajah 1 di bawah menunjukkan struktur atom P bagi satu unsur.

X

Y

Y

X

(i)

Z Z

Z

(a)

Y : _______________

Y

Z X

X : _______________

Z : _______________ Diagram 1 Rajah 1

Referring to diagram 1, name the subatomic particles. Write your answer in the spaces provided. Merujuk kepada rajah 1, namakan zarah subatom. Tuliskan jawapan dalam ruang yang disediakan. [ 3 marks]

(ii)

State two subatomic particles that have the same mass. Nyatakan dua zarah subatom yang mempunyai jisim yang sama. [ 1 mark]

(iii)

State the proton number and nucleon number of atom P. Nyatakan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom P. Proton number : Nombor proton Nucleon number : Nombor nukleon

(iv)

[ 2 marks] Write the standard representation of symbol for the atom of element P. Tuliskan perwakilan piawai bagi symbol atom unsur P. [ 1 mark]

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(b)

There are two types of isotopes, the radioactive and the non-radioactive isotopes. Terdapat dua jenis isotop, radioaktif dan bukan radioaktif. (i) What is meant by isotop? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop ______________________________________________________________ [ 1 mark] (ii)

(iii)

State one example of isotope. Nyatakan satu contoh isotop. [ 1 mark] Based on your answer in (b)(ii), state one of the uses of isotope. Berdasarkan kepada jawapan anda di(b)(ii),nyatakan satu kegunaan isotop. [ 1 mark]

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Diagrams 2 shows the graph of temperature against time when solid X is heated. Rajah 2 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa yang diperolehi apabila pepejal bahan X dipanaskan.

Temperature/ °C Suhu/ ° C

F D

259 63

B

E

C

A t 1

(i)

t

t 2

Time/ s Masa/ s

t 3

Diagram 2 Rajah2

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State the melting and boiling points of substance X. Nyatakan takat lebur dan takat didih bahan X. Melting point: Takat lebur : ………………………………………………………………….. Boiling point: Takat didih : …………………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks]

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4541/2 (ii)

Complete the Table below by stating the physical state of substance X at the regional mentioned. Lengkapkan Jadual di bawah dengan menyatakan keadaan fizik bahan X pada bahagian yang dinyatakan. Region Bahagian

Physical state Keadaan fizik

AB DE [ 2 marks] (iii)

Explain why the temperature remains constant from t1 to t2? Jelaskan mengapa suhu adalah tetap dari t1 kepada t2? ………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. ......................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks]

b

Diagram below shows diffusion occurs when the cover is removed. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan resapan berlaku bila penutup dialihkan.

Gas P

Mixture of gas P and Q Campuran gas P dan Q

Cover Penutup Gas Q

(i)

The colour of gas Q is brown while gas P is colourless. Mixture of gas P and Q is produced when the cover is removed. State the colour of the mixture. Warna gas Q ialah perang manakala gas P tak berwarna. Campuran gas P dan Q dihasilkan apabila penutup dialihkan. Nyatakan warna bagi campuran itu. ………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark]

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(ii)

Explain your answer in b(i) by using kinetic theory of matter. Terangkan jawapan anda di b(i) dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim. KA ………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………... [ 2 marks]

(iii)

The gas jar which contains iodine solid is immersed in hot water. State the changes of movement of iodine particle. Balang gas mengandungi pepejal iodin yang direndamkan dalam air panas. Nyatakan perubahan bagi pergerakan zarah iodin. ……………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark]

3 Diagram 3.1 shows the set-up of apparatus to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi kuprum oksida. Copper oxide Kuprum oksida Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen

Anhydrous calcium chloride Kalsium klorida

Heat Panaska n

Burning of excess hydrogen gas Pembakaran gas hidrogen yang berlebihan Combustion tube Tabung pembakaran Porcelain boat Bot porselin

kontang

Diagram 3.1 The results of the experiment are shown in Table 3.2. Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 3.2. Description Huraian Mass of combustion tube + porcelain boat Jisim tiub pembakaran + bot porselin Mass of combustion tube + porcelain boat + copper oxide Jisim tiub pembakaran + bot porselin + kuprum oksida Mass of combustion tube + porcelain boat + copper Jisim tiub pembakaran + bot porselin + kuprum Table 3.2 [Relative atomic mass: O =16, Cu = 64] [Jisim atom relatif: O=16, Cu = 64]

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Mass (g)

Jisim (g) 52.45 68.46 65.25

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(a) What is meant by empirical formula? Apakah maksud formula empirik? …………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark] (b)

(i)

State the name of two reactants to prepare hydrogen gas in the laboratory. Namakan dua bahan tindak balas untuk menyediakan gas hidrogen dalam makmal. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(ii)

Suggest one way to ensure that the reaction is completed in the combustion tube. Cadangkan satu cara untuk memastikan tindak balas adalah lengkap dalam tiub pembakaran. …………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (iii) Hydrogen gas is passed through the combustion tube even after the heating of the copper oxide powder has stopped. What is the reason for this? Pengaliran gas hidrogen diteruskan walaupun pemanasan serbuk kuprum oksida telah dihentikan. Apakah sebab bagi langkah ini? ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (c)

Based on Table 3.2, determine Berdasarkan Jadual 3.2 , tentukan (i)ThThe number of mole of oxygen. BiBilangan mol bagi oksigen. [1 mark] (ii) The number of mole of copper. Bi Bilangan mol bagi kuprum.

[1 mark] (iii) The empirical formula of copper oxide Formula empirik bagi kuprum oksida

[1 mark]

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(d) Write an equation to show the reaction between the copper oxide and hydrogen gas. Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk menunjukkan tindak balas di antara kuprum oksida dan gas hidrogen. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (e) (i) Is this method suitable to be used to determine the empirical formula of zinc oxide? Adakah kaedah ini sesuai digunakan untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi zink oksida?

(ii)

…………………………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark] Briefly explain your answer in (e)(i). Jelaskan secara ringkas, jawapan anda di (e)(i). …………………………………………………………………………………………... .............................................................................................................................

[1 mark] 4

Diagram below shows the bonding within a molecule of vitamin C. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan ikatan dalam satu molekul vitamin C.

(a)

(i)

State the molecular formula and the empirical formula of vitamin C. Nyatakan formula molekul dan formula empirik untuk vitamin C. Molecular formula Formula molekul :.................................................... Empirical formula Formula empirik :...................................................... [ 2 marks]

(ii)

What is the relative molecular mass of vitamin C ? Berapakah jisim molekul relatif untuk vitamin C ? [ Relative atomic mass of C= 12; O=16, H=1 ] ………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark]

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4541/2 A sample of gas weighs 8.0 g and has a volume of 6 dm3 at room temperature and pressure. Satu sample gas mempunyai jisim 8.0 g dan isipadu 6 dm3 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik. Calculate the number of moles of the gas. [ 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure ] Hitungkan bilangan mol gas. [ 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik.

(c)

(i)

(ii)

[ 1 mark] When dry ammonia is passed over heated sodium, the solid sodamide, NaNH2 is formed and hydrogen gas is liberated. Apabila ammonia kering dialirkan ke atas natrium panas, pepejal sodamida, NaNH2 terbentuk dan gas hidrogen dibebaskan. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between ammonia and sodium. Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas antara ammonia dengan natrium. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 2 marks / 2 markah ] Describe a test to identify the hydrogen gas produced. Huraikan satu ujian untuk mengenal pasti gas hidrogen yang terhasil. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii)

[ 2 marks/ 2 markah ] Calculate the mass of ammonia required if 0.39 g of sodamide is produced in the reaction. Hitungkan jisim ammonia yang diperlukan jika 0.39 g sodamida terbentuk dalam tindak balas itu. [ Relative atomic mass of H=1; N= 14 and Na= 23 ]

[ 2 marks ]

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5 The elements in the Periodic Table are arranged according to the proton number. The following terms are use to name the groups of element with similar chemical properties.

Alkali Metals, Halogens, Noble Gases, Transition Element Unsur-unsur dalam Jadual Berkala di susun dalam kumpulan-kumpulan. Istilah berikut di gunakan untuk menamakan kumpulan-kumpulan unsur dengan sifat kimia yang serupa.

Logam Alkali, Halogen, Gas Adi, Unsur Peralihan (a)

In the diagram 5.1 below, Pada rajah 5.1 di bawah, (i)

shade the area of the Noble Gas group in the Periodic Table lorekkan kawasan Gas Adi dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

(ii)

mark ’X’ for the location of element that has proton number 11 tandakan ’X’ pada tempat bagi unsur yang mempunyai nombor proton 11. [2 marks]

Diagram 5.1 Rajah 5.1 (b)

A noble gas is passed through X chloride solution. No reaction occurs. Explain this observation with reference to the electron arrangement of noble gas. Suatu gas adi di alirkan melalui larutan X klorida. Tiada tindakbalas berlaku. Terangkan pemerhatian ini dengan merujuk kepada susunan elektron gas adi. ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

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4541/2 Table 5.2 shows the melting points, boiling points and the colours of four halogens. Jadual 5.2 menunjukkan takat lebur, takat didih dan warna bagi empat halogen. Element [Unsur] Fluorine [Fluorin] Chlorine [klorin] Bromine [Bromin] Iodine [Iodin]

Melting Point (0C) [Takat lebur]

Boiling Point (0C) [Takat didih]

-220

-188

-101

-35

-7

59

113

189 TABLE [JADUAL] 5.2

(i)

Astatine is below iodine in the halogen group. Predict the melting point and boiling point of astatine Astatin terletak di bawah iodin dalam kumpulan halogen. Ramalkan takat lebur dan takat didih astatin. .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(ii)

[2 marks] Explain why the boiling point of halogens changes from fluorine to iodine as shown in Table 5.1. Terangkan mengapa takat didih halogen berubah dari fluorin ke iodin seperti di tunjukkan di dalam jadual 5.1. ......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(d)

[3 marks] Table 5.3 shows three different transition elements exist in precious stones. Jadual 5.3 menunjukkan tiga unsur peralihan yang wujud dalam batu permata. Stones [Batu Permata]

Transition element [Unsur Peralihan]

Ruby [Delima] Sapphire [Nilam] Amethyst [Kecubung}

Chromium [Kromium] Iron and Titanium [Besi dan Titanium] Manganese [Mangan] TABLE [JADUAL] 5.3

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4541/2 State one special characteristic of transition elements that can be deduced from table 5.3 ? Nyatakan satu ciri istimewa unsur peralihan yang boleh disimpulkan dari jadual 5.3 ? .................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

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Diagram 6 shows the elements of Period 3 in the Periodic Table of Elements Rajah 6 menunjukkan unsur kala 3 dari Jadual Berkala Unsur. Element Unsur Proton number Nombor proton a) (i)

(ii)

Na

Mg

Al

Si

P

S

Cl

Ar

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Diagram/Rajah 6 State the trend of change in the atomic radius of the elements across the period from left to right. Nyatakan corak perubahan di dalam jejari atom unsur apabila merentasi kala dari kiri ke kanan. …………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 marks] Explain your answer in 6(a)(i). Terangkan jawapan anda dalam 6(a)(i). ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

b) Which element is a metalloid? Unsur manakah yang merupakan separa logam? …………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] c) Sodium, Na, is an element in Group I in the periodic table. How does sodium, Na, kept in laboratory? Give reason for your answer. Natrium, Na, adalah satu unsur terletak di kumpulan I dalam Jadual Berkala. Bagaimanakah unsur natrium, Na, disimpan di dalam makmal? Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda. [2 marks] …………………………………………………………………………………….......... …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………

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What is the electronegativity of an element ? Apakah maksud keelektronegatifan sesuatu unsur ? …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(ii)

Which is more electronegative between magnesium, Mg and chlorine, Cl? Explain your answer. Antara magnesium, Mg, dan klorin, Cl, yang manakah lebih elektronegatif? Terangkan jawapan anda. …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]

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Section B/ Bahagian B [20 marks]/ [20 markah] Answer any one question from this section./ Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini. 7.

Diagram 7.1, shows 3 state of matter that is P, Q and R. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan 3 keadaan jirim, iaitu P, Q dan R. P Q R

Diagram 7.1/ Rajah 7.1 (a) Based on Diagram 7.1, what is state of matter for P, Q and R.? Berdasarkan rajah 7.1, apakah keadaan jirim bagi P, Q dan R? [3 marks] (b) By using the kinetic theory of matter, explain how the following occurs. Dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim, huraikan bagaimana perubahan di bawah berlaku. i. ii. iii.

P change to Q/ P berubah ke Q P change to R/ P berubah ke R Q change to P/ Q berubah ke P

In your explanation include the process occurs, the energy contents and the movement of the particles. Huraian anda mestilah meliputi proses yang terlibat, kandungan tenaga dan pergerakan jirim. [9 marks] (c) Diagram shows an atom of element X.The letter used is not the actual symbol of the element. Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu atom bagi unsur X. Huruf yang digunakan bukan simbol sebenar bagi unsur itu. Key / Petunjuk :

Electron Elektron

1p 1n

Nucleus Nukleus

Diagram 7.2

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p = Proton n = Neutron

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i)

Rajah 7.2 Describe the atom shown in Diagram 7.2. Huraikan atom yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 7.2. [4 marks]

ii)

Another atom of element X has 2 neutrons. Satu atom lain bagi unsur X mempunyai 2 neutron. Compare this atom with the atom in Diagram 7.2. Bandingkan atom ini dengan atom dalam Rajah 7.2. [4 marks]

8

Diagram 8.1 shows part of the Periodic Table of the Elements. Rajah8.1 menunjukkan sebahagian Jadual Berkala Unsur 1

18 2 17

13

14

15

A D

16 B

E

C F

G

H

Diagram 8.1 / Rajah8.1 A, B, C, D, E , F, G and H are not the actual symbols of the elements. A, B, C, D, E , F, G dan H bukan simbol sebenar bagi unsur. Based on diagram 8.1, Berdasarkan rajah 8.1, (a) (b)

(c)

Write the electron arrangement for atoms A, D and F. Tulis susunan elektron bagi atom-atom A, D dan F. [3 marks] (i) State a transition element. Nyatakan satu unsur peralihan. [1 mark] (ii) List three special characteristics of transition elements and give an example for each of this property. Senaraikan tiga ciri istimewa unsur peralihan dan berikan satu contoh bagi setiap ciri tersebut. [6 marks] Table 8.2 shows the electron arrangement of elements U, V and W. Jadual 8.2 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi unsur U, V dan W. Element Unsur

Electron arrangement Susunan elektron

U V W

2.1 2.7 2.8.7 Table / Jadual 8.2

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State the group and the period of element U in the Periodic Table of Elements. Explain your answer. Nyatakan kumpulan dan kala bagi unsur U dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Terangkan jawapan anda. (d)

[4 marks] Table 8.3 shows the observation of element V and W when react with hot iron. Jadual 8.3 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi unsur V dan W apabila bertindak balas dengan besi panas. Experiment Eksperimen

(i)

(ii)

Observation Pemerhatian

V + hot iron V + besi panas

Hot iron burns brightly. Besi panas terbakar dengan terang.

W + hot iron W + besi panas

Hot iron burn slowly. Besi panas terbakar dengan perlahan.

Table / Jadual 8.3 Write the chemical equation when element V reacts with hot iron. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas apabila unsur V bertindak balas dengan besi panas. [2 marks] Compare the reactivity of element V and W. Explain your answer. Bandingkan kereaktifan unsur V dan W. Terangkan jawapan anda. [4 marks] Section C Bahagian C [20 marks] [20 markah]

Answer any one question from this section. Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini. 9

(a) (b)

(c)

What is meant by empirical formula? Apakah maksud formula empirik? [1 mark] A carbon compound contains 92.3% of carbon and 7.7% of hydrogen by mass. The relative molecular mass of this compound is 78. Find the molecular formula of this compound. Satu sebatian karbon mengandungi 92.3% karbon dan 7.7 % hidrogen. Jisim molekul relatif bagi molekul itu ialah 78. Cari formula molekul bagi sebatian karbon tersebut. [Relative atomic mass: C, 12; H, 1] [5 marks] Describe how you could determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide in the laboratory. Your description should include procedure of experiment, tabulation of result, and

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4541/2 the calculation of the results obtained. Huraikan satu eksperimen bagaimana anda dapat menentukan formula empirik magnesium oksida dalam makmal. Huraian anda perlu merangkumi prosedur atau kaedah eksperimen, penjadualan data, dan cara pengiraan untuk mendapatkan keputusan. [Relative atomic mass: O,16; Mg,24] [14 marks]

10 Figure 10 shows one of the element in the Periodic Table of Elements. Rajah 10 menunjukkan satu daripada unsur di dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

Figure 10 Rajah 10 (a)

Explain how to determine the position of element Q in the Periodic Table of Elements. Terangkan bagaimana anda menentukan kedudukan unsur Q dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. [5 marks]

(b)

Proton number of sodium and potassium are 11 and 19 respectively. Explain why sodium is less reactive than potassium. Nombor proton natrium dan kalium ialah 11 dan 19 masing-masing. Terangkan mengapa natrium kurang reaktif daripada kalium.. [5 marks]

(c)

Describe an experiment to compare the reactivity of lithium and sodium when reacted with water. Your description should also include the observations, the name of products and chemical equations for the reactions. Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan kereaktifan litium dan natrium apabila bertindak balas dengan air. Huraian anda perlu juga mengandungi pemerhatian, nama hasil tindak balas dan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku. [10 marks] END OF QUESTION PAPER

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