Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

1

M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

JABATAN PELAJARAN MELAKA  _____________________  _______________________________ _____________________ ______________________ __________________ _______ PROGRAM KECEMERLANGAN AKADEMIK SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2014

CHEMISTRY MODUL KUMPULAN CEMERLANG

Modul soalan ini mengandungi 33 halaman bercetak

2

M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

MODULE 1

SECTION A 1

Figure 1 shows the graph temperature temperature against time of solid substance substance X when heated. Substance X is an organic compound and flammable.  Rajah 1 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bagi suatu bahan pepejal X apabila dipanaskan.  Bahan X ialah sebatian sebatian organic dan mudah terbakar. terbakar.

Temperature / 0C

S

Q

R

80

P

Time/s 360

30

GRAPH 1 (a) Draw a diagram of the set-up of the apparatus used to determine the melting point of substance X.  Lukiskan rajah susunan radas yang digunakan untuk untuk menentukan menentukan takat lebur bahan bahan X.

[ 2 marks] marks] (b) (i)

State the melting point of substance X  Nyatakan takat lebur lebur bahan X .......................................................................... .......................................................................................................... ........................................................ ........................………. ………. [ 1 mark ]

3

(ii)

M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

What is the state of matter matter of substance substance X at :  Apakah keadaan keadaan jirim bahan X pada: PQ : .............................................................................. .............................................................................................................. .................................................. .................. RS : ...................................................................... ......................................................................................................... ......................................................... ...................... [ 2 marks] marks]

(iii) Explain why the temperature remains constant from Q to R? Terangkan mengapa suhu kekal tetap dari Q dan R ? .......................................................................... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................................... ............................... .......................................................................... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................................... ............................... [ 2 marks] marks] (iv) State how the movement of substance X particles changes between R and S during heating.  Nyatakan bagaimana bagaimana pergerakan pergerakan zarah bahan X berubah antara R dan S semasa semasa  pemanasan. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ] (c) If substance X cooled to the room temperature without stirring, draw the graph of temperature against time obtained.  Jika bahan X disejukkan pada suhu bilik tanpa memgacaunya, memgacaunya, lukiskan graf suhu melawan masa  yang diperolehi. diperolehi.

[ 2 marks] marks] (d) Predict the substance X  Ramalkan bahan bahan X .......................................................................... ....................................... ................................................................... .............................................................. ...................................... ........ [ 1 mark ]

4

2

M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

Lactic acid is an acid produced in milk by bacteria, causes a sour taste. Table 2 shows the  percentage composition by mass mass of each element element in lactic lactic acid.  Asid laktik ialah asid asid yang dihasilkan dalam dalam susu oleh bacteria, bacteria, menyebabkan menyebabkan rasa rasa masam.  Jadual 2 menunjukkan menunjukkan peratus komposisi komposisi mengikut mengikut jisim bagi setiap unsur unsur dalam asid laktik. laktik. Element Unsur Carbon

Percentage  Peratus 40.00

Hydrogen

6.67

Oxygen

53.33 TABLE 2

(a)

Based on the information above, calculate the empirical formula of lactic acid.  Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, atas, tentukan formula empirik asid laktik. laktik. [ Relative  Relative atomic atomic mass : H = 1 ; C = 12 ; O = 16 16 ]

[ 3 marks] marks] (b)

Relative molecular molecular mass of lactic acid is 90. Determine the molecular molecular formula of lactic acid.  Jisim molekul molekul relatif bagi asid laktik laktik ialah 90. Tentukan Tentukan formula molekul molekul bagi asid laktik.

[ 2 marks] marks] (c)

Calculate the number of of hydrogen atom atom in 1 mol of lactic acid? acid?  Hitungkan bilangan atom atom hidrogen dalam 1 mol asid laktik ? 23 [ NA = 6.02 × 10 ]

[ 1 mark ] (d)

Calculate the number of moles of 4.5 g lactic acid.  Hitungkan bilangan mol mol dalam 4.5 g asid laktik laktik [ Relative  Relative atomic atomic mass : H = 1 ; C = 12 ; O = 16 ]

[ 1 mark ]

5

(e)

M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

Vinegar or ethanoic acid has a similar empirical formula with lactic acid. Cuka atau asid ethanoik mempunyai formula empirik yang sama dengan asid laktik (i)

Given that three molecules of ethanoic acid have the same mass as two molecules of lactic acid. What is the relative molecular mass of ethanoic acid?  Diberi tiga molekul molekul asid ethanoik mempunyai mempunyai jisim yang yang sama dengan dengan dua molekul molekul asid laktik. Apakah jisim molekul relatif asid ethanoik.

[ 1 mark ] (ii) Determine the molecular formula of ethanoic acid. Tentukan formula molekul asid ethanoik.

[ 2 marks] marks] 3

Table 3 shows formula of four ions.  Jadual 3 menunjukkan menunjukkan formula bagi empat empat ion.  Name of ions  Nama ion Formula of ions  Formula ion

Silver ion  Ion argentum

Zinc ion  Ion zink 

 Nitrate ion  Ion nitrat

Chloride ion  Ion klorida

Ag+

Zn2+

 NO3-

Cl-

TABLE 3 (a) Write the formulae for each compound below : Tuliskan formula bagi setiap sebatian di bawah: (i)

Silver nitrate / Argentum / Argentum nitrat  nitrat 

: ........................................................................ ............................................................................ ....

(ii)

Zinc chloride / Zink / Zink klorida

: ........................................................................ ............................................................................ ....

(iii)

Silver chloride / argentums argentums klorida

: ........................................................................ ............................................................................ ....

(iv)

Zinc nitrate / Zink nitrat

: ........................................................................ ............................................................................ .... [2 marks] marks] (b) When silver nitrate solution is added to zinc chloride solution, white precipitate, silver chloride and zinc nitrate solution are formed.  Apabila larutan argentum argentum nitrat ditambah kepada kepada larutan zink klorida, pepejal putih, putih, argentum klorida dan larutan zink nitrat terbentuk. (i)

Identify the reactants and products of the reaction.  Kenal pasti bahan tindak tindak balas dan hasil hasil tindak balas dalam tindak tindak balas ini. Reactants/ Bahan Reactants/ Bahan tindak balas balas : .................................................................. ................................................................................ .............. Products / Hasil / Hasil tindak balas : balas : .................................................................... .................................................................................. .............. [2 marks] marks]

6

M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction occurs occurs in (b). Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di (b) ........................................................................ ...................................... .................................................................... ............................................................... ............................. [1 mark ] (c) The following equation shows the decomposition of silver nitrate by heat.  Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan menunjukkan penguraian penguraian argentum argentum nitrat oleh haba.

2AgNO3

2Ag + 2NO2

+

O2

If 85.0 g of silver nitrate is heated completely, completely, calculate calculate :  Jika 85.0 g argentum argentum nitrat dipanaskan lengkap, hitungkan hitungkan : (i)

the mass of silver formed.  jisim argentums yang terbentuk. terbentuk. [ Relative atomic atomic mass : N =14; O = 16; Ag =108 ]

[ 3 marks] marks] (ii)

the volume of oxygen gas formed at room conditions. isipadu oksigen yang terbentuk pada keadaan bilik. [ Molar volume : 24 dm3 at room conditions] conditions]

[ 2 mark 

7

M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

SECTION B 4

(a) Matter is made up of tiny and discrete particles.  Jirim terdiri daripada daripada zarah yang yang halus dan diskrit. diskrit. (i) What is meant by matter ?  Apakah yang dimaksudkan dimaksudkan dengan dengan jirim ? [ 1 mark ] (ii) State three types of particle that made up matter.  Nyatakan tiga jenis jenis zarah yang membina membina jirim. [ 3 marks] marks] You are shopping at the 2n floor of the the shopping mall. Suddenly you smell the delicious aroma of cookies being bake. When you look down, there is the Famous Amos Cookies stall on the first floor.  Anda membeli membeli belah di tingkat dua dua bangunan pusat membeli membeli belah. Tiba-tiba anda terhidu aroma yang lazat biskut yang  sedang dibakar. Apabila Apabila anda menoleh menoleh ke bawah, terdapat terdapat k edai edai biskut ‘Famous Amos’ di tingkat pertama.

(b)

Based on the above situation, explain what happen refering to the kinetic theory of matter.  Berdasarkan situasi di atas, terangkan terangkan apa yang berlaku berlaku berdasarkan berdasarkan teori kinetic kinetic jirim. [ 2 marks] marks] (c) (i) Describe the experiment to determine the the freezing point point or the melting point point of naphthalene  Huraikan eksperimen eksperimen bagi menentukan menentukan takat takat beku atau takat takat lebur bagi naftalena. naftalena. (ii) Draw a labelled diagram diagram of the experiment. experiment.  Lukiskan gambarajah gambarajah berlabel berlabel bagi eksperimen eksperimen itu. [ 14 marks] marks] 5

(a) What is meant by the empirical formula ? formula ?  Apakah yang yang dimaksudkan dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik empirik ? [ 1 mark ] (b)   

(i)

The colour of oxide M is green Warna oksida M ialah hijau Metal M is grey  Logam M berwarna berwarna kelabu Oxide M can be reduced to metal M when heated with hydrogen Oksida M boleh diturunkan kepada logam M apabila dipanaskan dengan hidrogen

Draw the labelled diagram of the experiment.  Lukiskan gambarajah gambarajah berlabel berlabel bagi ekperimen ekperimen ini.

(ii) Describe the experiment conducted to determine the empirical formula of oxide M. State the observation and precuationary steps taken in your experiment. Also show all the calculation steps to get the empirical formula.  Huraikan satu ekperime ekperimen n bagi menentukan menentukan formula empirik empirik oksida M.  Nyatakan pemerhatian pemerhatian dan langkah langkah berjaga-jaga yang yang perlu diambil. Tunjukkan juga langkah-langkah pengiraan bagi mendapatkan formula empirik tersebut.

8

M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

(iii) Write the chemical equation of the reaction. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu. [ Relative atomic atomic mass : O = 16 ; metal M = 24 ] [ 16 marks] marks] (c) The empirical empirical formula formula of oxide oxide M cannot be be determine determine by heating heating oxide M with magnesium. magnesium. Explain why?  Formula empirik bagi oksida M tidak dapat ditentukan dengan cara memanaskan oksida M dengan magnesium. Terangkan mengapa ? [ 3 marks] marks]

9

M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

MODULE 2 SECTION A

Table 1 shows three elements elements , M, N and Q and their proton number and nucleon number number respectively.  Jadual 1 menunjukkan menunjukkan tiga unsur, M, N dan Q dan nombor nombor proton serta nombor nombor nukleon masing-masing.

1.

(a)

(b)

Element

Proton number

Nucleon number

Unsur

Nombor proton

Nombor nukl eon

M  N Q

3 11 19

7 23 -

Table 1 State the nucleon number of Q if the number of neutron is 20.  Nyatakan nombor nombor nukleon bagi bagi Q jika bilangan neutron neutron ialah 20.

………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark  ]  ] (i) What is the number of electron in an atom M?  Apakah bilangan elektron elektron bagi atom M? ....………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark  ]  ] (ii) Write the electron electron arrangement arrangement for atom N. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom N …………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark  ]  ] (iii) State the group of the above elements in periodic table ?  Nyatakan kumpulan kumpulan bagi unsur-unsur unsur-unsur di atas dalam jadual jadual berkala ?

(c )

……………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark ] State two physical properties of the elements above.  Nyatakan dua dua sifat fizik bagi unsure-unsur unsure-unsur di atas. ……………………………………………………………………………….

(d)

………………………………………………………………………………. [ 2 marks ] marks ] In an experiment experiment , an element M was burnt and and put into a gas jar of chlorine gas. The experiment was repeated by using an element N.  Dalam satu eksperimen, eksperimen, unsur unsur M dibakar dan dan diletakkan ke ke dalam balang gas yang berisi berisi  gas klorin. Eksperimen Eksperimen diulangi diulangi menggunakan unsur unsur N. (i)

Write the equation for the reaction between element M and chlorine gas. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas unsur M dan gas klorin. ………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark  ]  ]

10 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

(ii)

Compare the reactivity of reaction between element M and element element N with chlorine gas. Explain your answer.  Bandingkan kereaktifan kereaktifan tindak tindak balas antara unsur unsur M dan unsur N dengan dengan klorin. Terangkan jawapan anda. ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………….……………………………………………………………… [ 3 marks ]

Figure 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements. Elements. 1, 2, 3 … 18 represent 18 represent proton number.  Rajah 2 menunjukkan menunjukkan sebahagian sebahagian daripada Jadual Jadual Berkala Unsur. Unsur. 1, 2, 3 … 18 mewakili mewakili nombor proton.

2.

1

P

2

3

4

5

11

12

13

Q

6

7

8

14

15

16

R

9

10

17

18

Figure 2 (a)

.

P and R react to form a compound.  P dan Q bertindak bertindak balas membentuk membentuk sebatian. sebatian. (i) State State the type of compound formed.  Nyatakan jenis sebatian yang terbentuk. terbentuk. ………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark  ]  ] (ii) Draw the electron electron arrangement arrangement for the compound compound formed.  Lukiskan susunan susunan elektron bagi bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

[ 2 marks ] marks ] (iii) Write the chemical chemical equation for the reaction between between P and R. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara P dan R. ……………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark  ]  ] (iv)

The compound formed can conduct electricity in aqueous and molten state. Explain why? Sebatian yang terbentuk boleh mengkonduksikan mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam keadaan larutan dan leburan. Terangkan mengapa ? ………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark  ]  ]

11 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

(b) Q and R also react to form a compound. Q dan R juga j uga bertindak balas membentuk sebatian. (i)

State the type of bond formed.  Nyatakan jenis ikatan yang terbentuk terbentuk

………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark  ]  ] (ii) Write the formula for the compound formed. formed. Tuliskan formula sebatian yang terbentuk. ………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark  ]  ] (iii)

Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed.  Lukiskan susunan susunan elektron bagi bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

[ 2 marks ] marks ] (iv)

State one physical property of the compound.  Nyatakan satu sifat sifat fizik bagi sebatian yang terbentuk. terbentuk. ………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark  ]  ]

3. Bromine is below Chlorine in The Periodic Table .  Bromin terletak terletak di bawah klorin dalam dalam Jadual Berkala. Berkala.

(a)

(i)

(ii)

State the number of valence electron in bromine atom?  Nyatakan bilangan elektron valens valens dalam atom bromine ? …………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark  ]  ] State which group bromine is belong to.  Nyatakan kumpulan kumpulan bromin berada berada dalam jadual berkala. berkala. ……………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark  ]  ]

(b)

(i)

Write the molecular formula of bromine molecule. Tuliskan formula molekul bagi molekul bromin ………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1mark  1mark  ]  ]

12 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

(ii) What is the physical state state of bromine at room temperature temperature ?  Apakah keadaan keadaan fizik bromin bromin pada suhu bilik ? ………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark  ]  ] (c ) Chlorine react react with water to form acids.  Klorin bertindak balas balas dengan air membentuk membentuk asid. (i)  Name the acids acids formed. formed.  Namakan aisd-asid yang terbentuk. terbentuk. ………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark  ]  ] (ii) Write the chemical chemical equation for the reaction. reaction. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu. ………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark  ]  ] (d) Write the chemical chemical equation for the reaction between between chlorine and iron. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara klorin dan besi. ………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark  ]  ] (e) Compare the reactivity reactivity of chlorine and bromine. bromine. Explain your answer. answer.  Bandingkan kereaktifan kereaktifan klorin klorin dan bromine. Terangkan Terangkan jawapan jawapan anda. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 5 marks ] marks ]

13 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

SECTION B 4

(a)

Table 4 shows three elements and their proton number respectively. respectively.  Jadual 4 menunjukkan menunjukkan tiga unsur dan nombor proton masing-masing. masing-masing. Element

Proton number

Unsur

Nombor proton

Carbon  Karbon Sodium  Natrium Chlorine  Klorin

6 11 17 TABLE 4

Using the information in the Table 4 , explain how  Menggunakan maklumat maklumat dalam Jadual 4, terangkan terangkan bagaimana (i) (ii)

ionic bond and ikatan ion dan covalent bond ikatan kovalen formed. terbentuk. [13 marks] marks]

(b)

5

(a)

Describe an experiment experiment to differentiate ionic compound and covalent compound in terms of electrical conductivity.  Huraikan satu eksperimen eksperimen bagi bagi membezakan membezakan sebatian ion dan dan sebatian kovalen kovalen dari segi kekonduksian elektrik. [7 marks] marks] Explain the following: Terangkan yang berikut: (i)

The reactivity of group 1 element increases going down the group.  Kereaktifan unsure unsure kumpulan kumpulan 1 meningkat menuruni menuruni kumpulan kumpulan

(ii)

(b)

The electronegativity electronegativity of elements elements increases when going across a period from left to right.  Keelektronegatifan  Keelektronegatifan unsur-unsur unsur-unsur meningkat apabila apabila merentasi merentasi kala dari kiri ke kanan. [9 marks] marks] Transition elements are elements elements from Group 3 to Group 12 of the Periodic Table. Unsur peralihan ialah unsur-unsur dari Kumpulan 3 hingga Kumpulan12 jadual Berkala. (i)  Name two transition element. element.  Namakan dua unsur unsur peralihan. (ii) State four special characteristics of transition elements.  Nyatakan empat empat ciri-ciri istimewa unsur-unsur unsur-unsur peralihan peralihan [6 marks] marks]

14 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

(c)

Proton number of element M is 19. State the group and period of element element M in Periodic Table. Explain your answer  Nombor proton bagi bagi unsure M iala 19. Nyatakan kumpulan kumpulan dan kala kala bagi unsur M dalam  Jadual Berkala. Berkala. Terangkan jawapan anda. [5 marks] marks]

SECTION C

3

A student is given an ionic compound compound X and covalent compound compound Y. Seorang pelajar diberi sebatian ion X dan sebatian kovalen Y

Using the suitable materials and apparatus, plan a labotary experiment to compare the electrical conductivity conductivity between the compounds compounds of X and Y. Your explaination should include all the followings:  Menggunakan bahan bahan dan radas yang yang sesuai, rancang rancang suatu eksperimen eksperimen makmal makmal bagi membandingkan kekonduksian kekonduksian elektrik antara sebatian X dan Y.  Penerangakan  Penerangakan anda perlu merangkumi merangkumi perkara-perka perkara-perkara ra berikut : (a) Statement of the problem  Pernyataan masaalah masaalah (b) Hypothesis  Hipotesis (c) All the variables Semua pembolehubah (d) List of materials materials and apparatus Senarai bahan dan radas (e) Procedure  Prosedur (f) Tabulation of data  Penjadualan data [ 18 marks ] marks ]

15 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

MODULE 3 SECTION A

1 Figure 1.1 shows the set-up of apparatus apparatus to investigate investigate the electrolysis electrolysis of molten lead(II) lead(II)  bromide.  Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji mengkaji elektrolisis elektrolisis leburan plumbum(II) plumbum(II) bromide. A

Carbon electrode X

Carbon electrode Y

Crucible  Mangkuk pijar

Molten lead(II) bromide  Leburan plumbum(II) plumbum(II) bromida

Bunsen burner

FIGURE 1.1 (a)

Based on Figure 1.1, identify :  Berdasarkan  Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, tentukan tentukan Anode / anod

(b)

(c)

: ……………………… ……………………… and cathode / dan katod  : ………………………… ……………………………... …... [ 1 mark ] Write the formulae for the ions present in molten lead(II) bromide. Tuliskan formula bagi ion-ion yang hadir dalam plumbum(II) bromide

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ] State the ion that is attracted to the :  Nyatakan ion yang yang tertarik ke ke : (i) X : ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) Y : ……………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark ]

(d)

In Figure 1.2 below, draw arrows ( → ) to show the movement of ions in (c).  Pada Rajah 1.2 di di bawah, lukiskan tanda ( → ) bagi menunjukkan pergerakan ion-ion di (c) X

Y

+

+

 _

Molten lead(II) bromide  _

 _  _

+

 _

+

+ +  _

FIGURE 1.2

Positive ion  Negative ion

[ 2 marks] marks]

16 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

(e)

Write the half equations of the reaction at electrode : Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di elektrod: (i) X : ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) Y : ……………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 2 marks] marks]

(f)

What would you observe at electrode :  Apakah yang yang diperhatikan di di elektrod: (i) X : ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) Y : ……………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 2 marks] marks]

2 Figure 2 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of a dilute aqueous sodium chloride solution using carbon electrodes.  Rajah 2 menunjukkan menunjukkan susunan radas radas bagi mengkaji mengkaji elektrolisis larutan larutan natrium klorida klorida cair menggunakan elektrod karbon.

Electrode Q Electrode P Dilute sodium chloride solution  Larutan natrium klorida klorida cair A

FIGURE 2 (a)

What is meant by cation ?  Apakah yang dimaksudkan dimaksudkan dengan kation? ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................ .................................................................. ........................................ ........ [1 mark ]

(b)

What is the energy change that occurs in the electrolysis process?  Apakah perubahan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam proses proses elektrolisis? elektrolisis? ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................ .................................................................. ........................................ ........ [1 mark ]

(c)

(i)

State all the ions present in the electrolyte.  Nyatakan semua semua ion-ion yang hadir hadir dalam elektrolit. elektrolit. ..................................................................... .......................................................................................................... ............................................................. ........................ [2 marks] marks]

17 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

(ii)

In the table below, write the formulae of the ions in (c) (i) which moved to electrodes P and Q.  Dalam jadual di bawah, bawah, tuliskan formula bagi bagi ion-ion di (c)(i) yang bergerak bergerak ke elektrod P dan Q. Electrode P

Electrode Q

[2 marks] marks] (d)

Name the gas collected in the test tube at electrodes P and Q.  Namakan gas yang terkumpul dalam tabung uji di elektrod elektrod P dan Q. Electrode P

Electrode Q

[2 marks] marks] (e)

If a concentrated   sodium chloride solution is used in the above electrolysis, name the gas  sodium collected in the test tube at electrode Q. Explain why?  Jika larutan natrium klorida pekat digunakan pekat digunakan dalam elektrolisis di atas, namakan gas  yang dikumpulkan di tabung uji pada elektrod elektrod Q. Terangkan Terangkan jawapan anda ? ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................ .................................................................. ........................................ ........ .......................................................................... .......................................................................................................... ........................................................... ...................................... ........... ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................ .................................................................. ........................................ ........ [2 marks] marks]

3 Figure 3 represents a Daniell cell where strips of copper and zinc are used.  Rajah 3 mewakili mewakili Sel Daniel di mana mana kepingan kuprum kuprum dan zink digunakan. digunakan.

Copper strip  Kepingan kuprum

Zinc strip  Kepingan zink Porous pot  Pasu berliang

Copper(II) sulphate solution  Larutan kuprum(II) kuprum(II) sulfat

Zinc sulphate solution  Larutan zink sulfat sulfat FIGURE 3 (a)

State the metal which acts as  Nyatakan logam yang bertindak sebagai sebagai  positive terminal terminal : ……………………… and negative terminal : ……………………….. terminal positif dan terminal negatif [ 1 mark ]

18 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

In Figure 3, draw arrows ( → ) to show the the direction of the flow of electrons.  Dalam Rajah 3, lukiskan lukiskan tanda ( → ) untuk  ) untuk menunjukkan menunjukkan arah pengaliran elektron. [ 1 mark ] What is the energy change that occurs in the cell?  Apakah perubahan perubahan tenaga yang yang berlaku dalam dalam sel? ........................................................................ ...................................... .................................................................... ............................................................ ...................................... ............ [1 mark ] What is the function of the porous pot?  Apakah fungsi pasu pasu berliang ? ........................................................................ .......................................................................................................... ............................................................ ...................................... ............ [1 mark ] Write the half equations of the reaction take place at : Tuliskan setengah persamaan persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di: (i) positive terminal / terminal positif

(f)

: …………………………………………………

(ii) negative terminal / terminal negatif : negatif : ………………………………………………… [ 2 marks] marks] After 30 minutes, what is the colour change of the copper(II) sulphate solution? Explain why. Selepas 30 minit, apakah perubahan warna larutan kumpum(II) sulfat. ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................ .................................................................. ........................................ ........ ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................ .................................................................. ........................................ ........

(g)

...................................................................... .......................................................................................................... ................................................................. ...................................... ......... [2 marks] marks] The voltage of the cell in Figure 3 is 1.1 V. If the zinc strip is replaced by magnesium magnesium ribbon and dipped in magnesium sulphate sulphate solution, predict the voltage of the cell formed. Explain why. Voltan bagi sel dalam Rajah 3 ialah 1.1 V. Jika kepingan zink diganti dengan pita magnesium dan direndam dalam larutan magnesium sulfat, ramalkan voltan bagi sel terbentuk. ........................................................................ ...................................... .................................................................... ............................................................ ...................................... ............ ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................ ................................................................... ........................................ ....... ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................ .................................................................. ........................................ ........ [2 marks] marks]

19 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

SECTION B

4 (a)

(i)

State two factors that influence the selective discharge of ions during the electrolysis of an aqueous solution.  Nyatakan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi mempengaruhi pemilihan pemilihan discas ion-ion bagi elektrolisis elektrolisis larutan larutan akueus. [ 2 marks] marks]

(ii)

By using one of the factors that you state in (a) (i), describe a laboratory experiment experiment to show the effect of the factor. Your answer should consist of the following :  Dengan menggunakan menggunakan satu faktor yang dinyatakan di (a)(i), (a)(i), huraikan suatu eksperimen eksperimen makmal bagi mengkaji kesan satu faktor tersebut.  Jawapan anda perlu perlu mengandungi mengandungi perkara berikut. berikut. 









Chemical required  Bahan kimia yang diperlukan Procedures of the experiment  Prosedur eksperimen eksperimen Diagram showing the set-up of apparatus Gambarajah susunan radas Half equation involved in the reaction at each electrodes Setengah persamaan yang melibatkan tindak balas di elektrod Result / Observation  Keputusan/Pemermatian  Keputusan/Pemermatian [ 13 marks] marks]

(b)

Table 4 shows the result obtained from a series of experiments to arrange zinc, copper and magnesium in Electrochemical Series.  Jadual 4 menunjukkan menunjukkan keputusan keputusan bagi satu siri eksperimen eksperimen untuk menyusun zink, zink, kuprum dan magnesium dalam Siri Elektrokimia Experiment

Procedure

Observations

Eksperimen

Prosedur

Pemerhatian

I

Zinc metal is added to copper(II) sulphate solution  Logam zink ditambah ditambah ke dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

Brown solids are deposited. The intensity of the blue colour of the solution decreases. decreases.  Pepejal perang terenap. Keamatan Keamatan warna biru larutan berkurang

II

Zinc metal is added to magnesium sulphate solution  Logam zink ditambah ditambah ke dalam larutan magnesium sulfat.

 No change Tiada perubahan

III

Magnesium metal is added to copper(II) sulphate solution  Logam magnesium magnesium ditambah ke dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

Brown solids are deposited. The intensity of the blue colour of the solution decreases. decreases.  Pepejal perang terenap. Keamatan Keamatan warna biru larutan berkurang.

TABLE 4 (i) Explain these these observations of Experiment Experiment I and II. Terangkan pemerhatian bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II  [ 4 marks] marks]

20 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

(ii) Based on the the result obtained obtained in Table 4, arrange the metal metal zinc, copper copper and magnesium magnesium in descending order of the Electrochemical Series.  Berdasarkan  Berdasarkan keputusan yang yang diperolehi dalam Jadual 4, susun susun logam zink, kuprum kuprum dan magnesium berdasarkan susunan menurun dalam Siri Elektrokimia [ 1 mark ] 5 (a)

(i)

Ser ies  What is meant by the El ectrochemical Ser ?  Apakah yang yang dimaksudkan dengan Sir i Elektrokimia  ? Elektrokimia 

[ 1 mark ] (ii)

State three uses of the Electrochemical Series.  Nyatakan tiga   kegunaan  kegunaan Siri Elektrokimia

[ 3 marks] marks] (b) Table 5.1 shows the result obtained from a series of experiments to arrange metal T, U, V and W in Electrochemical Electrochemical Series.  Jadual 5.1 menunjukkan menunjukkan keputusan keputusan yang diperolehi diperolehi daripada beberapa beberapa eksperimen eksperimen untuk menyusun logam T, U, V dan W dalam Siri Elektrokimia. Elektrokimia.

(i)

Experiment

Metal pair

Voltage (V)

Positive terminal

Eksperimen

Pasangan Pasangan l ogam

Voltan(V)

Termi Termi nal positi positi f

I

T and U

1.6

T

II

U and W

2.0

W

III

V and W

0.8

V

TABLE 5.1 Draw a diagram to show the set-up of apparatus of Experiment I .  Lukiskan gambarajah gambarajah susunan radas radas bagi Eksperimen Eksperimen I 

[ 2 marks] marks] (ii) Explain how you can arrange arrange the order order of these these metals metals in the Electrochem Electrochemical ical Series. Terangkan bagaimana anda boleh menyusun logam-logam tersebut dalam Siri Elektrokimia [ 6 marks] marks] (c) Figure 5.2 shows two types of cell.  Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan menunjukkan dua jenis sel .

Silver plate  Kepingan argentum argentum

P

Q

Silver plate  Kepingan argentum argentum

R

S

Magnesium ribbon  Pita magnesium

Silver nitrate solution  Larutan argentum nitrat Cell X

Cell Y FIGURE 5.2 Compare and contrast cell X and cell Y. Your answer should include the observations and half equations for the reactions at the t he electrodes in both cells.  Banding dan bezakan bezakan sel X dan dan sel Y. Jawapan anda perlu merangkumi merangkumi pemerhatian pemerhatian and  setengah persamaan persamaan bagi tindak balas di elektrod-elektod elektrod-elektod kedua-dua kedua-dua sel. [ 8 marks] marks]

21 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

MODUL 4 SECTION A

1. Diagram 1 shows the preparation preparation of standard solution of potassium hydroxide, hydroxide, 0.1 mol dm-3. -3  Rajah 1 menunjukkan menunjukkan penyediaan penyediaan larutan piawai bagi bagi kalium hidroksida, hidroksida, 0.1 mol dm

Diagram 1 (a) What is meant by the standard solution ?  Apakah yang dimaksudkan dimaksudkan dengan dengan larutan piawai ? …………….…………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark ] (b) Calculate the mass of potassium hydroxide, KOH needed to make 250 cm3 solution with concentration 0.1 mol dm-3 . [ Relative atomic mass: mass: K, 39; O,16; H, 1]  Hitungkan jisim kalium kalium hidroksida, KOH KOH yang diperlukan diperlukan bagi menyediakan menyediakan 250 cm3 larutan -3 kalium hidroksida 0.1 mol dm

[ 2 marks ]

22 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

(c) After all the potassium hydroxide hydroxide is poured into the volumetric volumetric flask, the beaker must must be rinsed several times with distilled water. After each rinse, all the water is tranferred into the volumetric flask. Give one reason for doing this? thi s? Setelah semua kalium hidroksida dituang ke dalam kelalang isipadu, bikar perlu dibilas beberapa kali dengan air suling. Setiap kali bilasan, semua air bilasan perlu dipindahkan ke kelalang isipadu.  Berikan satu satu sebab langkah ini dilakukan? …………..……………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark ] (d) Why is the distilled water water is added added drop by drop?  Mengapakah air suling suling ditambah setitik demi setitik? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ] (e) What step should be taken taken to make sure that the meniscus meniscus level of the standard standard solution is exactly in line with the graduation mark on the volumetric flask?  Apakah langkah langkah yang perlu diambil diambil bagi memastikan memastikan aras miniskus miniskus bagi larutan piawai piawai adalah setara dengan tanda sengatan sengatan pada kelalang isipadu? isipadu? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark ] (f) A volumetric flask is more more suitable to be used in the preparation preparation of the standard solution rather than a beaker. Why?  Kelalang isipadu adalah adalah lebih sesuai digunakan digunakan dalam penyediaan penyediaan larutan piawai piawai berbanding bikar. Mengapa ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark ] (g) Why do you need to shake the solution solution after all the water had had been added?  Mengapa anda perlu perlu mengoncang mengoncang larutan setelah semua air ditambahkan? ditambahkan? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ]

23 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

2. Diagram 5 shows Experiment Experiment I and and II in the preparation preparation of salt.  Rajah 5 menunjukkan menunjukkan Eksperimen Eksperimen I dan II bagi penyediaan penyediaan garam.

Experiment  Eksperimen

I

Method  Kaedah

10.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid 10.0 cm3 larutan asid sulfurik -3 0.1 mol dm

20.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide + phenolphthalein 20.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 0.1 mol dm -3 +  phenolftalin

II

50.0 cm cm of 0.1 0.1 mol dm dm-  sulphuric acid 3 50.0 cm  larutan asid sulfurik 0.1 mol dm -3

(a) State one observation observation in Experiment Experiment I at the end end point.  Nyatakan satu pemerhatian pemerhatian dalam Eksperimen Eksperimen I pada takat akhir. akhir. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark ] (b) Based on Experiment Experiment II II :  Berdasarkan  Berdasarkan eksperimen eksperimen II, (i) State one observation.  Nyatakan satu pemerhatian pemerhatian …………………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark ] (ii) State the reason reason why copper(II) copper(II) carbonate carbonate are added added in excess.  Nyatakan satu sebab sebab mengapa kuprum(II) kuprum(II) karbonat karbonat ditambahkan berlebihan. berlebihan. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ]

24 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

(ii) Explain how the excess copper(II) copper(II) carbonate can be separated separated from the products. Terangkan bagaimana kuprum(II) karbonat yang berlebihan dapat diasingkan daripada hasil tindak balas. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ] (iv) Write the chemical equation for the reaction taking place. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlakau. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 2 marks ] (v) Calculate the maximum maximum mass mass of salt, CuSO4 formed.  Hitungkan jisim maksimum maksimum garam CuSO4 yang terbentuk. [ Relative atomic mass : O,16; S,32 ; Cu,64 ]

[ 3 marks] marks] (c) If the sulphuric acid in Experiment Experiment I is replaced by hydrochloric hydrochloric acid of the same same concentration. Predict the volume of hydrochloric acid required.  Jika asid sulfurik dalam Eksperimen Eksperimen I digantikan digantikan dengan asid hidriklorik hidriklorik yang sama sama kepekatannya, kepekatannya, ramalkan isipadu asid hidroklorik yang digunakan. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ] (d) State one difference difference in the method between between two experiments experiments  Nyatakan satu perbezaan perbezaan dalam kaedah penyediaan penyediaan garam kedua-dua kedua-dua eksperimen. eksperimen. Experiment I

Experiment II

[ 1 marks ] (e) Name the type of reaction in Experiment Experiment I .  Namakan jenis tindak balas dalam Eksperime Eksperimen nI ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark ] (f) Name another another method for for preparation of salt other than Experiment Experiment I and II.  Namakan kaedah kaedah lain bagi penyediaan penyediaan garam selain selain daripada eksperimen eksperimen I dan dan II ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark ]

25 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

SECTION B 3. (a) What is the meaning of weak acid?  Apakah yang yang dimaksudkan dimaksudkan dengan asid lemah lemah

[ 2 marks] marks] (b) What is the role of water for acid acid to show its properties? Explain. Explain.  Apakah peranan peranan air bagi menunjukkan menunjukkan sifat-sifat asid? asid? Terangkan [ 3 marks] marks] (c) Explain three simple simple experiments experiments to show the properties of acid. acid. Terangkan tiga eksperimen mudah bagi menunjukkan sifat asid [ 9 marks] marks] (b) The following informa information tion is about hydrochloric acid and and ethanoic acid.  Berikut ialah maklumat maklumat bagi asid hidroklorik hidroklorik dan asid ethanoik ethanoik



The pH of 1 mol dm -3 hydrochloric acid solution is 1  pH bagi 1 mol dm-3 larutan asid hidroklorik ialah 1



The pH of 1 mol dm -3 ethanoic acid solution is 4  pH bagi 1 mol dm-3 larutan asid ethanoik ialah 4

Explain why these solution have different pH values. Terangkan mengapa larutan tersebut mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza. [ 6 marks] marks] 4. Diagram 4 shows two reagent reagent bottles each containing an an aqueous solution.  Rajah 4 menunjukkan menunjukkan dua botol reagen reagen setiap satu satu mengandungi larutan larutan akueus

 Nitric Acid  Acid Nitrik

Ammonium chloride  Ammonium klorida

Diagram 4

Qualitative analysis can be used to determine the presence of cations and anions in solutions. Describe chemical chemical test that can be used to verify the i ons in each solution.  Analisa kualitatif boleh boleh digunakan untuk menentukan kehadiran kation kation dan anion dalam larutan. larutan.  Huraikan ujian kimia kimia yang boleh digunakan digunakan untuk mengesahkan mengesahkan ion-ion ion-ion dalam setiap larutan larutan [ 10 marks] marks]

26 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

(b) A pupil carried out an experiment to investigate the chemical chemical changes that occur to barium chloride as a result of reaction P. The result of the experiment experiment is shown in diagram 5 Seorang pelajar menjalankan eksperimen eksperimen untuk mengkaji perubahan kimia yang berlaku pada barium klorida hasil daripada tindak balas P

 Larutan natrium sulfat

 / Larutan barium klorida

 / Larutan natrium klorida  / Mendakan barium sulfat Diagram 5

(i) The chemical chemical equation for for reaction P is as follows:  Persamaan kimia kimia bagi tindak balas P ialah seperti berikut: berikut: BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4  + 2NaCl Excess sodium sulphate is added to 50 cm 3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 barium chloride. Given the molecular mass of BaSO4 = 233 3 -3 Sodium sulfat berlebihan ditambah kepada 50 cm  larutan barium klorida 0.5 mol dm

(i) Calculate the mass mass of barium sulphate formed. formed.  Hitungkan jisim barium barium sulfat yang terbentuk terbentuk [ 3 marks ] (ii) Describe the experiment experiment how to make the dry barium sulphate in the laboratory.  Huraikan satu eksperimen eksperimen bagi bagi menyediakan menyediakan barium sulfat kering kering dalam makmal. makmal. [ 7 marks ]

27 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

5

(a)

What is meant by salt.  Apakah yang yang dimaksudkan dimaksudkan dengan garam ? [2 marks] marks]

(b)

Figure 5 shows an incomplete flow chart of cation and anion tests for salt Y.  Rajah 5 menunjukkan menunjukkan carta aliran aliran yang tidak lengkap bagi ujian anion dan kation  garam Y

Salt Y

Cation test

Anion test

Fe3+

CO32-

FIGURE 5 Complete the flow chart to confirm that salt Y contains Fe3+ ions and CO32ions. Your unswer should include observations.  Lengkapkan carta aliran tersebut tersebut bagi mengesahkan mengesahkan ujian bahawa garam Y 3+ 2mengandungi ion Fe  ions dan ion CO3 [8 marks] marks] (c)

You are required to prepare dry Aluminium chloride salt. The chemicals supplied are  Anda dikehendaki dikehendaki menyediakan menyediakan garam Aluminium Aluminium klorida yang yang kering. Bahan-bahan Bahan-bahan kimia yang dibekalkan ialah   

Aluminium sulphate solution / Larutan / Larutan aluminium sulfat  Dilute hydrochloric acid / Asid / Asid hidroklorik hidroklorik cair  Sodium carbonate solution / Larutan / Larutan natrium karbonat  karbonat 

Describe a laboratory experiment experiment to prepare that salt. In your description, include the chemical equations involved.  Huraikan satu eksperime eksperimen n makmal bagi menyediakan menyediakan garam tersebut. Dalam huraian anda, nyatakan persamaan kimia yang terlibat. [10 marks] marks]

28 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

CONTOH SOALAN-SOALAN KBAT

29 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

30 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

31 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

32 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

5.

33 M odul K eceme cemerl rl angan Akademik Akademik SPM SPM 2014  2014 

6.

KERTAS MODUL TAMAT

Sumbangan: Panel-Q, Panel-Q, M ajl is Guru Ceme Cemerr lang N egeri geri M elaka