Modul Ajar X.3. Sistem Komputer (SK)

 

H@CVD EKE_ GLB@_HESGIE ZHI E.  GLB@_HEZG VHVH 5.  Gcfltgtes H`cud ▫  I`cf H`cud Eker ▫  I`cf ES] Ejuel ▫   Lehe pflyusul/Glstgtusg/Seaul pflyusul/Glstgtusg/Seaul ▫  Kflkeln sfi`dea ▫  Besf/Ifdes ▫  Ed`iesg weitu

; GLB.F.AZ.5=.: GLB.F.AZ.5=.:  ; Q.:  ; Afrg Zuselt`/ZHI Zuselt`/ZHI Lfnfrg 3 Zureierte/?=?5 Zureierte/?=?5  ; ZHI   ; F/Q  ; 3 x 36 hflgt (3 K]) 

?.  I`hpftflsg Ewed Zgstfh i`hputfr :.  ]r`bgd ]fdeker ]eljesgde ▫  Ofrleder irgtgs  ▫  Irfetgb   ▫  Ofrn`t`ln _`y`ln  ▫  Helcgrg  3.  Zerele cel ]reserele ▫  DHZ  ▫  I`hputfr/Dept`p  ▫  Kerglnel Gltfrlft  ▫  DJC ]r`yfit`r   6.  Sernft ]fsfrte Cgcgi _fnuder (∛)  ▫  ▫  Aehoetel ofdeker   ▫  Jfrces gstghfwe ofroeiet gstghfwe gstg hfwe  2.  H`cfd ]fhofdekerel  Odflcfc Dferlgln O.  I@H]@LFL GLSG 5.  Sukuel ]fhofdekerel ZI 5. Hfheaehg Hfheaehg pflnfrtgel pf lnfrtgel sgstfh i`hputfr  i `hputfr   ZI ?. Hflngcfltgbgiesg Hflngcfltgbgiesg i`hp`lfl sgstfh i`hputfr ofrceseriel ofrceseriel bulnsglye Hflyfoutiel j`lt`a i`hp`lfl i`hp`l fl sgstfh i`hputfr  i `hputfr   ZI :. Hflyfoutiel ?.  ]fheaehel Ofrheile ▫  ]fheaehel tflteln systfh i`hputfr cepet hfhoeltu hfljerg s`dusg kgie ece pfrhesedeael  pece pfrelniet pfrelniet GS yeln ogese cgnuleiel cgnuleiel  ▫  ]fheaehel tflteln i`hp`lfl systfh i`hputfr cepet ofrhelbeet ultui hfheisghediel  pfhelbeetellye  pfhelbeet ellye  ▫  ]fheaehel tflteln i`hp`lfl systfh i`hputfr cepet ofrhelbeet ultui hfhoeltu hflnetesg tr`uodf sa``tgln yeln tfrkecg  :.  ]frtelyeel ]fheltgi ▫  Epeiea iedgel pfrlea hflnnuleiel i`hputfr 0 

   

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Hflurut iedgel, oeneghele pfrelniet i`hputfr ogse cgnuleiel0   ]frelniet epe seke yeln ece cg cedeh i`hputfr 0 

 

 

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Zuceaiea iedgel hflnfteaug bulnsg hesgln-hesgln hesgln-hesgln pfrelniet i`hputfr tfrsfout 0 

3.  Ifngetel ]fhofdekerel e.  ]flceauduel Seaep ]fhofdekerel 

]flceauduel (pfrsgepel/`rgfltesg)

Epfrsfpsg

H`tgvesg

Ifngetel ]fhofdekerel 

Ed`iesg ^eitu 

 

Hfhofrg sedeh, hflyepe cel hflnekei pfsfrte cgcgi ofrc`e  ▫  Hfhfrgise ifsgepel pfsfrte cgcgi cedeh hflngiutg pfdekerel  ▫  Hflnfjfi ifaecgrel pfsfrte cgcgi eteu hflneosfl ifaecgrel sgswe  ▫  ]fsfrte cgcgi hflkeweo pfrtelyeel yeln cgekuiel nuru ;  5.  Zfoutiel lehe-lehe oflce yeln tfrhesui sfoeneg edet fdfitr`lgi 0,  ?.  Edet yeln cepet hfln`dea cete cflnel jfpet cel tfpet sfrte i`hpdfis cgsfout0  :.  Zfoutiel pfrelniet utehe cerg Zgstfh I`hputfr0 Keweoel yeln cgaerepiel cerg pfsfrte cgcgi ; 5. I`hputfr, aelcp`lf, Sfdfvgsg, recg` cel degl-degl ?. I`hputfr :. ]frelniet Vtehe cerg Zgstfh I`hputfr ecedea Aercwerf, Z`btwerf cel Oreglwerf. ▫  Nuru hflnglnetiel pfsfrte cgcgi tflteln hetfrg sfofduhlye yegtu tflteln Hflkfdesiel hejehhejeh gltfreisg cflnel elterhuie stelcer  ofroeneg pgreltg pgreltg  ▫  Hflnglnetiel Hflnglnetie l pfsfrte cgcgi ultui cucui sfsueg ifd`hp`i yeln tfdea cgofltui sfofduhlye  Hflyehpegiel tukuel cel helbeet pfhofdekerel cgauoulniel cflnel upeye pfhelbeetel cerg i`hputfr. ▫

o.  Gltg Seaep ]fhofdekerel  Zglteis 5 ]fhofrgel Ztghudus (Fispd`resg I`lsfp)

Ifngetel ]fhofdekerel  ▫  Nuru hfleyelniel ofofrepe nehoer hflnfleg nehoer/`okfi tflteln sgstfh i`hputfr (pfrelniet ifres, pfrelniet dulei cel  pflnnule)  Hflnehetg ▫  ]fsfrte cgcgi hflfrghe Dfhoer ifrke hetfrg sgstfh i`hputfr   ▫  ]fsfrte cgcgi hflnehetg j`lt`a-j`l j`lt`a-j`lt`a t`a nehoer hetfrg sgstfh i`hputfr yeln cgteyelniel   Hfhoeje ▫  ]fsfrte cgcgi hfdeiuiel or`wsgln hetfrg yeln  ofrauoulnel cflnel sgstfh i`hputfrcerg gltfrlft  Hfludgs ▫  ]fsfrte cgcgi Hfludgs rfsuhf aesgd or`wsgln

Ed`iesg ^eitu 

 

Zglteis ? ]r`odfh Ztetfhfl (hflngcfltgbgiesg hesedea)

Zglteis :  Cete J`dfjtgln (Hflnuhpudiel cete) Zglteis 3  Cete ]r`jfssgln (Hfln`dea cete)  Zglteis 6 Rfrgbgjetg`l (hflnukg aesgd) Zglteis 2 Nflfredgzetg`l (hflyghpudiel)  ‚   Seaep Cfh`lstresg I`ltflstued 

tfriegt i`hp`lfl sgstfh i`hputfr   Hflcflner ▫  Nuru hfhofrgiel pflkfdesel hetfrg sgstfh i`hputfr.  Hflyghei ▫  Zgswe hflyghei pflkfdesel hetfrg sgstfh i`hputfr.  ▫  Nuru hfhoeltu pfsfrte cgcgi hfdeiuiel  or`wsgln yeln ofrauoulnel cflnel hesedea rueln dglniup pfhofdekerel tflteln i`hp`lfl systfh i`hputfr   •  Aercwerf •  Z`btwerf •  Oreglwerf ▫  ]fsfrte cgcgi hflcgsiusgiel aed-aed yeln   aerus cgifrkeiel, i`lsfp-i`lsf i`lsfp-i`lsfp p yeln aerus cgcgsiusgiel cel pfrtelyeel-pfrtelyeel yeln aerus cgkeweo ultui hfhfjeaiel hesedea tflteln sgstfh i`hputfr   Nuru hfhoghogln pfsfrte cgcgi cedeh hfdeiuiel  pr`sfs or`wsgln tflteln sgstfh i`hputfr sfjere  ofrifd`hp`i  ofrifd`hp` i ]fsfrte cgcgi cgsiusg cel hflkeweo pfrtelyeel cedeh dfhoer ifngetel/eitgvgtes ofdeker cel hflyekgiellye hflyekgie llye cedeh ofltui dep`rel tfrtudgs ofrupe  oeael prfsfltesg prfsfltesg ]fsfrte cgcgi hfhprfsfltesgiel dfhoer ifrke aesgd cgsiusg Nuru ofrsehe-sehe pfsfrte cgcgi hflyghpudiel aesgd prfsfltesg gltfreisg systfh i`hputfr

j.  ]flutup Seaep ]fhofdekerel 

]flutup (_fbdfisg Sfroghogln)

Ifngetel ]fhofdekerel 

 

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Ed`iesg ^eitu 

]fsfrte cgcgi hflnuhpudiel dfhoer ifrke. Cel  oeael prfsfltesg prfsfltesg (Gltfnrgtes) (Gltfnrgtes)  ]fsfrte hflkeweo pfrtelyeel, Epe yeln sucea cgpfdekerg pece pfrtfhuel iedg glg 0. ( _fbdfisg tfroghogln)  Nuru hfhofrgiel pflnaerneel pece glcgvgcu /ifd`hp`i pfsfrte cgcgi yeln ofriglfrke oegi   Nuru hflyehpegiel hetfrg ultui pfrtfhuel  ofrgiutlye  Nuru hfhofrg sedeh 

6.  Esfshfl e.  Zgiep (]r`bgd ]fdeker ]eljesgde) ]flgdegel @osfrvesg

]flgdegel `osfrvesg ofrceseriel pflnehetel sgiep cel pfrgdeiu pfsfrte cgcgi cedeh pr`sfs  pfhofdekerel heupul sfjere uhuh. ]flnehetel  pfhofdekerel ]flnehetel delnsuln cgdeiuiel `dfa nuru. Ofrgiut

  

glstruhfl pflgdegel sgiep ;

 L` 

Espfi ]frgdeiu yeln Cglgdeg 

 Lehe Zgswe Zgswe  OZ

KK

SK

CZ

Kuhd ea Zi`r  

5 

...

...

...

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...

? 

... 

... 

... 

.. . 

... 

Zi`r Zgiep  . . . . . . 

I`cf  Lgdeg  ... 

... 

Iftfrelnel ;

  •  •  •  •

OZ ; Ofifrke Zehe Zehe (Ofrn`t`ln (Ofrn`t` ln _`y`ln)   KK

; Kukur  

SK ; Selnnuln Keweo CZ ; Cgsgpdgl 

Jetetel ;

5.  Espfi pfrgdeiu cglgdeg cflnel irgtfrge;   5== 8 Zelnet Oegi >6 8 Oegi 6= 8 Juiup ?6 8 Iureln

?.  Zi`r heisghed 8 kuhdea sgiep yeln cglgdeg cgiedgiel kuhdea irgtfrge 8 5== x 3 8 3==  :.  Zi`r sgiep 8 kuhdea si`r cgoeng kuhdea sgiep yeln cglgdeg 8 ?>6 ; 3 8 21,>6  3.  I`cf lgdeg / prfcgiet ;  >6,=5  ‚  5==,== 8 Zelnet Oegi (ZO) 6=,=5  ‚  >6,== 8 Oegi (O) ?6,=5  ‚  6=,== 8 Juiup (J) ==,==  ‚  ?6,== 8 Iureln (I)

6.  B`rhet cg etes cepet cguoea sfsueg cflnel espfi pfrgdeiu yeln glngl cglgdeg   o.  Iftfrehpgdel ]flgdegel Vlkui Ifrke Glstruhfl pflgdegel ulkui ifrke cepet cgdgaet pece glstruhfl pflgdegel ukgel iftfrehpgdel  ofrogjere sfoeneg sfoeneg ofrgiut; ofrgiut; Glstruhfl ]flgdegel L`

5

Espfi yeln Cglgdeg

Ifsfsuegel rfsp`l cflnel pfrtelyeel

Zelnet Oegi (5==)

Oegi (>6)

Iureln Oegi (6=)

Sgcei Oegi (?6)

 

? : 3

Ifsfresgel pfhgdgael iete Ifsfsuegel pflnnuleel tete oeaese ]fdebedel

Irgtfrge pflgdegel (si`r)

5== 8 Zelnet >6 8 Oegi Oegi 6= 8 Iureln Oegi ?6 8 Sgcei Oegi Jere hfljerg lgdeg (L) 8 Kuhedea si`r yeln cgpfr`dfa sgswe cgoeng  kuhdea si`r heisghed heisghed cgiedg si`r si`r gcfed (5==) Glstruhfl ]flgdegel Cgsiusg L` Espfi yeln Cglgdeg 5 ]flnueseel hetfrg cgsiusg ? Ifhehpuel hflkeweo pfrtelyeel : Ifhehpuel hfln`dea iete 3 Ifhehpuel hflyfdfsegiel hesedea

5==

>6

Iftfrelnel ; 5== 8 Zelnet Oegi >6 8 Oegi 6= 8 Iureln Oegi ?6 8 Sgcei Oegi

j.  ]flnfteauel Z`ed ]gdgael Nelce 5.  Ofrgiut glg yeln tfrhesui if cedeh pfredetel glput i`hputfr ecedea... E. H`lgt`r O. Zpfeifr J. Ifyo`erc  C. Aerccgsi F. ]rgltfr ?.  Ofrgiut glg pfrelniet `utput i`hputfr ecedea... E. ]r`yfit`r  O. H`usf J. K`ystgji C. H`cfh F. Bdesacgsa :.  ]frelnie ]frelniett pfrgpafred ecedea... E. ]frelniet fistfrled yeln cgauoulniel cflnel h`cud G/@ cgsfout  O. ]frelniet Gltfrled yeln cgauoulniel hfdedug pfrelniet Fxtfrled J. Zfouea pfrelniet yeln hflyghpel cete C. ]frelniet pfrgpafred ecedea pfrelniet yeln wekgo tfrpeseln cg pj F. ]frelniet yeln pfltgln 3.  Ifpelkelnel _EH ecedea... E. _elc`h Ejjfs Hfh`ry  O. _elc`h Eledytgj Hfh`ry J. _elc`h Eltg Hfh`ry

6=

?6

 

C. _elc`h Edd Hfh`ry F. Zfhue ofler 6.  Cg oewea glg yeln ouiel Zgstfh @pfresg ecedea... E. ^glc`ws 5= O. Voultu J. Dglux C. Hgjr`s`bt ^glc`ws F. Hgjr`s`bt @bbgjf  2.  Sukuel p`i`i cerg sgstfh i`hputfr ecedea... E. ]fln`dea pfrb`rhe O. Hflnfdueriel cete J. Hfln`dea cete ultui hflnaesgdiel glb`rhesg  C. Hfhofrgiel glb`rhesg F. Hfln`pfresgiel i`hputfr >.  Oengel cerg Zgstfh I`hputfr yeln ofrpfrel sfoeneg pflnnule cgsfout... E. J]V O. Aercwerf J. Hedwerf C. Oreglwerf  F. Z`btwerf 1.  ]frgpafred glput (pfrelniet glput) hfrupeiel hfrupeiel pfrelniet yeln cgnuleiel ultui hfh hfhesuiel esuiel cete eteu pfrgltea ifcedeh i`hputfr, pgdgael cgoewea glg hfrupeiel pfrgpafred glpput yeln hfhpulyeg hfhpuly eg bulnsg sfpfrtg hfsgl b`t`j`py ecedea... E. ]rgltfr O. ^fojeh J. S`uja Zjrffl C. Zjellfr  F. Oerj`cf _fecfr 7.  I`hp`lfl bgsgi yeln hfhofltui Zgstfh I`hputfr ecedea... E. Aercwerf  O. Eltg Rgrus J. Z`btwerf C. Hedwerf F. Oreglwerf 5=.  Oengel cerg J]V yeln ofrbulnsg hflnauoulniel hflnauoulniel sfdurua sfdurua oengel cerg J J]V ]V tfrsfout ecedea ecedea .... E. J`ltr`d Vlgt O. Ergtahftgj Elc D`ngj Vlgt J. _fngstfr C. J]V Gltfrj`llfjtg`l  F. G/@ 2.  _fhgcged cel ]flneyeel e.  _fhgcged Oeng pfsfrte cgcgi yeln ofduh hfhfluag irgtfrge iftultesel hglghed (IIH), heie nuru ogse hfhofrgiel hfhof rgiel s`ed tehoeael t ehoeael hgsedlye hgsedlye sfoeneg ofrgiut ; 5)  Sudgsiel pflkfdesel aercwerf ofsfrte i`hp`lfl-i`hp`lfllye 

?)  Sudgsiel pflkfdesel s`btwerf ofsfrte kflgs - kflgslye  :)  Sudgsiel pflkfdesel oreglwerf ofsfrte pflnfd`hp`iel  pr`bfsglye   o.  ]flneyeel Nuru hfhofrgiel lesgaet ener tftep rflcea aetg, ierfle tfdea hfljepeg IIH (Irgtfrge Iftultesel Hglghed). Nuru hfhofrgiel hfhofrgiel s`ed pflneyeel pflneyeel ofrgiut glg ;

 

Ofrsehe tfhelhu, eledgsgsdea oeneghele gltfreisg elter i`hp`lfl sgstfh i`hputfr epeogde, sedea setu i`hp`lfl tgcei ece ! J.  DEH]G_EL 5.  Dfhoer Ifrke ]fsfrte Cgcgi

Dfhoer Ifrke Zgswe (DIZ)-5  (DIZ)-5  I`hp`lfl Zgstfh I`hputfr

Ifd`hp`i ; 5. ?. :. 3.

Sukuel ]fhofdekerel 

]frtfhuel if-5  Hflngcfltgbgiesg i`hp`lfl sgstfh i`hputfr ofrceseriel bulnsglye  

]ftulkui ; 5)  Oejedea ]ftulkui cflnel cflnel tfdgtg cel oegi ?)  Jergdea Glb`rhesg tflteln i`hp`lfl systfh i`hputfr :)  Keweodea ]frtelyeel Ofriut cflnel ofler Z`ed ; 5)  Epe yeln iedgel ifteaug tflteln systfh i`hputfr 0 Keweo ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………..

 

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?)  Epe yeln iedgel ifteaug tflteln aercwerf 0 Keweo ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………..

 

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:)  Epe yeln iedgel ifteaug tflteln s`btwerf 0 Keweo ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………..

 

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3)  Epe yeln iedgel ifteaug tflteln oreglwerf 0 Keweo ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………..

 

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  6)  Zfoutiel j`lt`a pfrelniet ifres, pfrelniet dulei cel pfrelniet glselg ! Keweo ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………..

 

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?.  Oeael Oejeel Nuru cel ]fsfrte Cgcgi E.  Z`btwerf  5.  ]flnfrtgel Z`btwerf ]flnfrtgel s`btwerf ecedea  pr`nreh i`hputfr yeln hflkecg kfhoetel eltere  pflnnule cflnel pfrelniet ifres. Ge kune cepet cgcfbglgsgiel sfoeneg sfouea epdgiesg yeln tfrsusul cerg sfiuhpudel i`cf-i`cf oeaese pfhr`nrehel. Hflurut suhofr degl, s`btwerf hfrupeiel suetu cete yeln cgpr`nreh sfrte cgsghpel sfjere cgngted cel tgcei  ofrwukuc, lehul lehul ofrece cg cedeh i`hputfr. i`hputfr.  

Ece pude yeln hflyfoutiel oeawe s`btwerf gedea iuhpudel cete-cete fdfitr`lgi ofrupe  pr`nreh eteu glstruisg yeln cgsghpel cel cgifd`de `dfa i`hputfr. Z`btwerf sflcgrg cgouet `dfa sf`reln pr`nrehhfr cflnel oeaese pfhr`nrehel tfrtfltu yeln sfdelkutlye cgi`hpgdesg aglnne hflkecg sfouea i`cf yeln cepet cgifledg `dfa aercwerf. Ge cgouet ultui hfhuceaiel pfifrkeel helusge, hgsedlye ultui hflnagtuln, hfhouet c`iuhfl, hfln`dea nehoer cel degl-degl. 

 

?.  Bulnsg Z`btwerf

Cedeh hfhoeltu pfln`pfresgel sgstfh i`hputfr, s`btwerf hfhpulyeg bulnsg-bulnsg iausus, eltere degl;  degl; 

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Hflnetur ofroeneg pfrelniet ifres ultui ofifrke sfjere sghudtel.   Hflkecg pflnauouln eltere pfrelniet dulei yeln degl cflnel aercwerf.   Zfoeneg pflebsgr sftgep pfrgltea s`btwerf degl if cedeh oeaese hfsgl, sfaglnne hehpu cgtfrghe `dfa aercwerf.  Hflngcfltgbgiesg Hflngcfltgbgie sg pr`nreh. 

:.  Z`btwerf Ofrceseriel Kflgslye ◀  @pfretgln Zystfh (sgstfh `pfresg), yegtu pfrelniet dulei yeln ofrbulnsg ultui hflnfd`de cel hflni``rcglesgiel sftgep i`hp`lfl cel bulnsg i`hputfr. Ofofrepe j`lt`a `pfretgln sgstfh ecedea9 ^glc`ws, Dglux, VLGQ, C@Z.   ◀   ]r`nrehhgln Delnuenf (Oeaese ]fhr`nrehel), yegtu pfrelniet dulei yeln  ofrbulnsg sfoeneg pfhofrg glstruisg g lstruisg stelcer yeln hfdgoetiel sgltei cel sfheltgi yeln cgpeieg ultui hflcfbglgsgiel suetu pr`nreh epdgiesg i`hputfr (j`hputfr eppdgjetg`l pr`nreh). Ofofrepe j`lt`a Oeaese  ]fhr`nrehel ecedea9 ]A], Keve, Hgjr`s`bt Rgsued Oesgj.  Oesgj.    Eppdgjetg`l ]r`nreh (]r`nreh Epdgiesg), yegtu pfrelniet dulei yeln hfhgdgig ◀  bulnsg tfrtfltu, hgsedlye s`btwerf ultui prfsfltesg, s`btwerf eiultelsg, cel degl

sfoeneglye. Ofofrepe j`lt`a ]r`nreh Epdgiesg ecedea9 Hgjr`s`bt @bbgjf ^`rc, Hgjr`s`bt @bbgjf Fxjfd, HW@O, @pfl@bbgjf.`rn, cel degllye.  3.  Z`btwerf Ofrceseriel Cgstrgousglye ◀   Brffwerf, yegtu pfrelniet dulei yeln cepet cghgdgig cel cgnuleiel sfjere nretgs telpe oetes weitu tfrtfltu. Ogeselye pfrelniet dulei kflgs glg hfhgdgig bgtur yeln iureln dflniep cel tgcei heisghed.  ◀   Ecwerf, yegtu s`btwerf yeln ogse cgcepetiel cel cgnuleiel sfjere nretgs lehul cflnel i`hpflsesg ecelye gidel yeln huljud cg i`hputfr usfr.

 

Zpywerf, yegtu pfrelniet dulei yeln cgouet iausus ultui hfhete- heteg sfnede eitgvgtes pflnnule i`hputfr. Ogeselye s`btwerf kflgs glg oelyei cgsedeanuleiel, cgsedeanuleiel, hgsedlye ultui hfljurg cete cerg i`hputfr degl.  @pflZ`urjf, yegtu s`btwerf yeln i`cf suhofrlye cepet cgouie, cguoea-uoea, ◀  cgtglnietiel, cel cgsfoerduesiel. Ogeselye s`btwerf kfslg glg cepet cgpfr`dfa sfjere nretgs cel cepet cgifhoe cgifhoelniel lniel `dfa `reln degl cflnel dgsflsg N]D (Nflfred ]uodgj Dgjflsf).  Zaerfwerf, yegtu pgreltg dulei ultui ifpfrduel tfrtfltu yeln cgoengiel sfjere ◀  nretgs, ogeselye sfoeneg cfh`lstresg cflnel bgtur tfroetes cel pflnnuleellye ultui weitu tfroetes (hgsedlye := aerg).   

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O. 

Aercwerf   5.  ]flnfrtgel Aercwerf  Aercwerf ecedea iuhpudel i`hp`lfl bgsgi yeln hflyusul pfrelniet i`hputfr. Eteu cflnel oeaese degl aercwerf ecedea i`hp`lfl i`hputfr eteu fdfitr`lgi yeln hfhpulyegg ofltui bgsgi, yeln cepet cgpfneln, cel ofriegtel cflnel sgstfh i`hputfr. hfhpulye Aercwerf cgoeng hflkecg : sfjere nergs ofser yegtu glput aercwerf, pr`jfss aercwerf, `utput aercwerf. Aercwerf ecedea i`hp`lfl yeln sedgln ofriegtel cflnel s`bwerf cel oreglwerf pece i`hputfr. Epeogde aercwerf tgcei ece, heie tgcei ece i`hputfr. Vltui i`hputfr cepet cgnuleiel cflnel l`rhed, heie eltere aercwerf, s`twerf cel oreglwerf aerus ece. Ierfle kgie sedea setulye tgcei ece, heie sfouea pfrelniet i`hputfr tgcei cepet cgnuleiel Hgsedlye ecedea sfouea i`hputfr tgcei ece h`lgt`rlye heie tgcei cepet hflehpgdiel vgsued cerg pr`sfs yeln cgpfrglteaiel. Cel sfoedgilye epeogde sfhue sucea

tftepg sgstfh eteu ?.  ece Bulnsg Aercwerf   s`btwerf ofduh cg glsted heie tgcei ogse ofifrke. Aercewerf ofrbulnsg hfhuceaiel pflnnule i`hputfr cedeh ofifrke eteu cflnel ecelye aercwerf yeln dflniep heie sgstfh i`hputfr cepet ofrkedel cflnel oegi. Vltui bulnsglye ecedea sfsueg cflnel kflgs aerwerf yeln ece. Heie ultui gtu cgoewea glg eiel cgkfdesiel j`lt`a aercwerf cel bulnsglye hesgln-hesgln. :.  Kflgs-kflgs Aercwerf  Aercwerf cgoeng hflkecg hflkecg : kflgs yeln cepet iedgel dgaet cgoewea glg; Aercwerf Glput (Glput Cfvgjf) Aercwerf glput eteu cgsfout glput cfvgjf hfrupeiel pfrelniet yeln cgnuleiel ultui hfhesuiiel cete if i`hputfr yeln dedu cete tfrsfout hesui if cedeh teaep  pfln`deael eteu sfouea pr`sfs. Oelyei kflgs pfrelniet pfrelniet ultui hflngput cel hfln`ltr`d sfouea i`hputfr. J`lt`a aerwerf aerwerf glput; H`usf, If Ifyo`erc, yo`erc, sjellfr, sjellfr, h`usf pfl, cgsi crgvf,  k`ystgji,trejoedd Aercwerf ]r`jfss (]r`jfss Cfvgjf) ]r`jfss cfvgjf eteu pfrelniet pfhr`sfsel ecedea ultui hfhpr`sfs cel hfln`dea cete-cete pece i`hputfr. ]frelniet glg ogse cgsfout kune sfoeneg `tei cerg sfouea i`hputfr, ierfle hfrupeiel pfrelniet yeln pfltgln ultui hfdeiuiel pr`sfs tfraecep cete yeln cg glput eteu cghesuiiel. J`lt`a Aercwerf ]r`jfss ecedea J]V, RNE, _eh cel sfoeneglye @utput Cfvgjf (Aercwerf @utput) Aercwerf `utput hfrupeiel pfrelniet ifres yeln cgpeieg ultui hlfjftei cel hflehpgdiel glb`rhesg aesg cerg glputel cete cerg aerwerf glput cel tfdea hfdfwetg  pfhr`sfsel `dfa aerwerf aerwerf pr`sfs. J`lt`alye J`lt`alye ecedea; ecedea; H`lgt`r, spfe spfeisfr isfr cel prgl prgltfr. tfr. Zfdegl yeln tfdea cgsfoutiel cgetes, sfoflerlye ece pfrelniet aercwerf degl yeln cepet hfhoeltu cedeh pfln`pfresgel i`hputfr. Zfpfrtg ]frgbfred (]frelniet Sehoeael). ]frelniet tehoeael yegtu pfrelniet yeln ofrbulng ultui hfhoeltu i`hputfr cedeh hflkedel gltruisg eteu pfrgltea pflnnule. J`lt`alye ecedea h`cfh, h`cfh ecedea kkflgs flgs aercwerf yeln bulnsglye ultui i`hulgiesg cflnel kerglnel gltfrlft. H`cfh cepet hflnauoulniel sfouea i`hputfr cflnel kerglnel gltfrlft yeln hflnuoea sglyed cgngted hflkecg sglyed eled`n. Cel sfdegl h`cfh ece pude Zt`renf (]frelniet pflyghpelel). ]frelniet  pflyghpelel glg ecedea aercgsi. Aercgsi glg tfrpeseln cgcedeh i`hputfr cel ofrbulnsg  pflyghpelel ultui hflyghpel ofries eteu bgdf-bgdf cgcedeh i`hputfr.

 

 

J. 

Oreglwerf, Bulnsg, I`hp`lfl, Kflgs cel J`lt`aly J`lt`alye e  Oreglwerf sfrgln cgsfout sfoeneg pfrelniet gltfdfitued yeln eiel hfheieg eteu hflkfdekeag ifhehpuel aercwerf/pfrelniet ifres sfrte s`btwerf /pfrelniet dulei. 5.  ]flnfrtgel Oreglwerf Oreglwerf ecedea `reln yeln sfrgln hflnnuleiel eteu kune hfln`pfresgiel sfouea  pfrelniet i`hputfr. Zfcelniel Zfcelniel j`lt`a oreglwerf yegtu pr`nrehf pr`nrehfr, r, lfttfr, sfrte pere  pflnnule i`hputfr i`hputfr eteu degl sfoeneglye. sfoeneglye. ?.  Bulnsg Oreglwerf Zfoeneg pflnnule i`hputfr tfrsfout ogese cgsfout cflnel usfr. Ecepul hfrfie kune cgoeng hflkecg ofofrepe hejeh cel bulnsglye yegtu cgelterelye ; (5)  ]r`nrehfr   ]r`nrehfr ecedea `reln yeln hfhgdgig ifhehpuel cg cedeh oeaese pfh`r`nrehel. Cedeh aed glg pr`nrehfr ofrpfrel sfoeneg hfhouet pr`nreh yeln eiel cgpfrduiel pece sgstfh i`hputfrgsesg.  Echglgstret`r   (?)  Echglgstret`r  Echglgstret`r ecedea `reln yeln ofrtunes cedeh hflnfd`de sfouea sgstfh `pfresg sfrte  pr`nreh yeln yeln eiel cgnuleiel cgnuleiel pece i`hputfr i`hputfr eteu kune kerglnel i`h i`hputfr. putfr. (:)  @pfret`r   @pfret`r ecedea `reln yeln eiel hflkedeliel suetu sgstfh `pfresg eteu kune pr`nreh cg cedeh pfrelniet i`hputfr. Zfoeneg j`lt`a sfpfrtg hfrewet sgstfh `pfresg i`hputfr, hflygepiel cete ultui cgeisfs, eteu degl sfoeneglye. sfoeneglye. Cg cedeh sgstfh i`hputfr, oreglwerf eiel hflkecg aed yeln selnet pfltgln eteu tgcei  ogse cgpgseaiel cgpgseaiel cerg cerg aercwerf aercwerf sfrte sfrte s`btwerf. Aed glg ierfle Aercwerf cg cedeh i`hputfr

tfrsfout tgcei eiel cepet cgkedeliel sfhpurle telpe ecelye s`btwerf. Zfcelniel telpe ecelye oreglwerf tfrsfout heie s`btwerf cel kune aecwerf tgcei ogse ofrkedel. :.  I`hp`lfl Oreglwerf Hfdgaet cerg pflnfrtgel oreglwerf glg hflyeteiel oeawe oreglwerf gedea pflnnule i`hputfr. Heie cerg gtu, oreglwerf tfrsfout aerus eiel hflnfled cflnel oegi aercwerf eteu  kune s`btwerf i`hputfr. Cgierfleiel aercwerf eteu s`btwerf ecedea fdfhfl yeln i`hpdfis cg cedeh i`hputfr. Oreglwerf glg tgcei eiel ogse hfheaehg sfdurua fdfhfl tfrsfout cflnel sfjere hflcftegd. Oreglwerf sflcgrg tfroeng hflkecg ofofrepe i`hp`lfl yeln eiel ofrtunes cedeh hflnfd`de eteu kune hfln`pfresgiel hfln`pfresgiel hesgln-hesgln fdfhfl i`hputfr. Cg oewea glg ecedea pfhoengel i`hp`lfl oreglwerf yeln pfrdu iedgel cgifteaug, eltere degl sfoeneg ofrgiut; (5)  @pfret`r   @pfret`r I`hputfr yegtu ofrtelnnuln keweo cedeh hfln`dea cete cflnel hfdedug sgstfh yeln ofrauoulnel cflnel i`hputfr. @pfret`r tfrsfout aerus hflngiutg glstruisg yeln eiel cgtftepiel cg cedeh rulo``i yeln sucea cgsusul `dfa ]r`nrehhfr. Cgsglg pfrdu ecelye suetu pfhoetesel ener @pfret`r tfrsfout tgcei eiel cepet hfh`cgbgiesg pr`nreh sfofduh eteu kune sfdehe pr`nreh gtu ofrkedel. (?)  Sfilgsg  Sfilgsg yegtu sf`reln yeln eiel ofrtelnnuln keweo cg cedeh hegltfleljf hflnfleg sfnede kflgs pfrhesedeael i`hputfr. Zf`reln Sfilgsg aerus ogse hfhgdgig  pflnfteauel  pflnfteaue l yeln dues tflteln tr`uodfsa``tgln eteu degl sfoeneglye. Oeng Sfilgsg eiel hfhgdgig ofofrepe spfsgedgsesg spfsgedgsesg tfrneltuln cerg ogceln yeln eiel cg cedehg. (:)   Lftw`ri Flnglffr    Lftw`ri Flnglffr ecedea `reln yeln eiel hfrelje hfreljeln ln tfilgi-tfilgi oeru cg cedeh  ogceln lfw`rigln. Cedeh aed glg eiel ofrtelnnulnkeweo ofrtelnnulnkeweo cg cedeh hflnfh hflnfhoelniel oelniel hft`cf-hft`cf oeru cedeh eiel hflnaesgdiel sfsuetu yeln ofrnule ultui ogceln lftw`rigln. (3)   Aercwerf Flnglffr   Aercwerf Flnglffr ecedea `reln yeln eiel ofrtelnnulnkeweo ultui yeln hflnfhoelniel hft`cf eteu kune tfilgi-tfilgi oeru cg cedeh pfhouetel sfouea aercwerf. Zfaglnne eiel huljud sfouea pr`cui oeru cflnel ecelye tfil`d`ng yeln dfoga oegi cerg sfofduhlye. sfofduhlye.

 

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Z`btwerf Flnglffr   Z`btwerf Flnglffr ecedea `reln yeln eiel ofrtelnnulnkeweo cg cedeh hflnfhoelniel hft`cf sfrte tfilgi-tfilgi oeru cg cedeh pfhouetel sfouea s`btwerf (epdgiesg, crgvfr, eteupul kune sgstfh `pfresg).

2)  Nd`serguh Ejjfss ]`glt; ecedea pfredetel yeln cgnuleiel sfoeneg tgtgi tflnea eteu pflnauouln eltere i`hputfri`hputfr cflnel hflnnuleiel i`lfisg lgrieofd. Oreglwerf; Sfrhesui cedeh oeengel i`hp`lfl pfhoelnul sgstfh i`hputfr. Oreglwerf hfrupeiel

sfoutel eteu gstgdea oeng sfsf`reln yeln hfln`pfresgiel i`hputfr. JGC_ (Jdessdfss Gltfr-C`hegl _`utgln); ecedea sfouea jere edtfrletgb ultui hflnidesgbgiesgiel edehet-edehet G] ofrofce cflnel sgstfh idesgbgiesg if cedeh ifdes E, ifdes O, ifdes J, ifdes C, cel ifdes F. J`lt`alye ecedea /?3 pece 57?.521.5.5 /?3. J`dc O``tgln; hfrupeiel pr`sfs hflnagcupiel i`hputfr pece seet pfrelniet i`hputfr gtu cedeh ifeceel hetg eteu ofduh hflyede. J]V (Jfltred ]r`jfssgln Vlgt) eteu pr`sfs`r;  hfrupeiel pfhr`sfs cete cedeh sfouea pfrelniet i`hputfr. CAJ] (Cylehgj A`st J`lbgnuretg`l ]r`t`j`d); Hfrupeiel hft`cf yeln cgdeiuiel cedeh  pfhofrgeh l`h`r G] eccrfss eccrfss pece suetu suetu a`st sfjere sfjere `t`hetgs. `t`hetgs. C`wld`ec; hfrupeie hfrupeiel l suetu ifngetel hflnehogd hflnehogd cete cerg gltfrlft. FLGEJ; ifpelkelnel cerg Fdfjtr`lgj Luhfrgjed Gltfnret`r Elc J`hputfr , hfrupeiel i`hputfr  pfrtehe yeln cgjgpteiel cflnel ofltuilye yeln selnet ofser. K. ]rfspfr Fjifrt  cel  cel K`al ^gddgeh  Heujady ecedea cue `reln yeln hfreljeln i`hputfr glg. Bdesacgsi; Hfrupeiel sedea setu hfcge pflyghpelel cedeh culge i`hputfrgse i`hputfrgsesg. sg. Aercwerf; Hfrupeiel i`hp`lfl i`hputfr yeln sfjere bgsgi cepet cgdgaet cel cgreoe, cel hfrupiel setu ifsetuel sfaglnne hfhofltui sfouea i`hputfr yeln sgep cg`pfresgiel. Glput cfvgjfs; hfrupeiel pfrelniet yeln cgnuleiel ultui hfhesuiiel cete  ‚  cete   cete cel hfhofrgiel  pfrgltea pece i`hputfr. i`hputfr. Kuhpfr; hfrupeiel j`llfjt`r (pflnauouln) sgriugt fdfitrgi yeln cgnuleiel ultui hflnauoulniel eteu hfhutus auoulnel pece suetu sgriugt. Kustgby; pfreteel ielel ielel cel igrg igrg suetu perenreb perenreb cedeh epdgiesg epdgiesg pfln`dea i iete. ete. Ifyo`erc; ecedea pepel iftgi yeln ogese igte nuleiel ultui hfhesuiel iereitfr, eelnie, cel sgho`d if i`hputfr ultui cg`dea hflkecg glb`rhesg. DJC;  Dgqugc Jrygsted Cgspdey hfrupeiel sedea setu kflgs tfil`d`ng yeln cgnuleiel pece h`lgt`r i`hputfr. Hegltfleljf; hfrupeiel suetu ifngetel hfrewet i`hputfr oegi cerg sfng aercwerf heupul s`btwerf, ener i`hputfr tfrsfout sfdedu cedeh ifeceel oegi. H`tafro`erc; hfrupeie hfrupeiel l pflnflcedg eteu pfln`ltr`d sfhue aed yeln tfrauouln ultui ofri`hulgiesg cflnel pfreltg yeln degllye cedeh sgstfh. LGJ (Lftw`ri Gltfrbejf Jerc); hfrupeiel pfrgpafred yeln cgnuleiel `dfa i`hputfr eteupul  pfrelniet kerglnel kerglnel ener ogse ogse tfrauouln if if cedeh sfouea sfouea kerglnel. @FH; ecedea sglnietel cerg @rgngled Fqugphflt Helubejturf, yeln ofrertg suetu pr`cui yeln cgaesgdiel `dfa suetu pfruseaeel pfruseaeel ifhucgel cgofdg `dfa pfruseaeel degl, ifhucgel cgkued ifpece puodgj cflnel orelc pfruseaeel pfhofdg tecg. @pfretgln Zystfh; Hfrupeiel pfrelniet pfrelniet ddulei ulei i`hputfr yeln ofrbulnsg sfoeneg pflnauouln eltere  pflnnule cel pfrelniet pfrelniet ifres i`hputfr. i`hputfr. Selpe Selpe ecelye ecelye Zgtfh Zgtfh @pfresg, i`hputfr tgcei ei eiel el pfrl pfrlea ea ogse cg`pfresgiel. @ZG (@pfl Zystfh Gltfrj`llfjtg`l);  ecedea sfouea h`cfd rfbfrflsg ersgtfitur elterhuie kerglnel yeln cgifhoelniel `dfa GZ@ yeln ifhucgel hflkecg i`lsfp stelcerc i`hulgiesg kerglnel cg aehpgr sfhue pfrelniet kerglnel. >)  Cebter ]usteie ▫  Hfcge Gltfrlft attp;//www.pflnfrtgeliu.lft/?=52/5 attp;//www.pflnfrtgeliu.lft/?=52/5?/pflnfrtgel-sgstfh ?/pflnfrtgel-sgstfh-i`hputfr-ce -i`hputfr-cell-

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i`hp`lfllye.athd H`cud ]fhofdekerel Glb`rhetgie Glb`rhetgie ceser-ceser i`hputfr Cgrkfl Sflcgi Seaul ?=57 Nuheweln, Nuhew eln, Eteln.?=5=. Hfreigt I`hputfr I`hputfr rfvgsg iftgne. Oelculn ; glb`rhetgie 

  

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attp;//gdhui`hputfr.j`h  attp;//gc.wgigpfcge.j`h  attp;//fljrgptfc.n``ndf.j`h 

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_FBDFIZG NV_V  

  Epeiea pfhofdekerel yeln seye deiuiel sucea sfsueg cflnel epe yeln seye rfljeleiel0

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  Oengel rfljele pfhofdekerel heleiea yeln sudgt cgdeiuiel0

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  Epe yeln cepet seye deiuiel ultui hflnetesg aed tfrsfout0

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  Ofrepe pfrsfl sgswe yeln ofraesgd hfljepeg tukuel pfhofdekerel0

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  Epe ifsudgtel yeln cgedehg `dfa sgswe yeln ofduh hfljepeg tukuel pfhofdekerel0

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  Epe yeln eiel seye deiuiel ultui hfhoeltu hfrfie0

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ZGZ^E   _FBDFIZG ZGZ^E

  Epeiea iedgel hfheaehg i`lsfp hetfrg yeln cgpfdekerg aerg glg0

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  ]ece oengel hele yeln ofduh iedgel peaehg0

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  Epeiea DIZ hfhoeltu iedgel hfheaehg hetfrg aerg glg0

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